inahaneloang
Bokhoba ba marang-rang ke mofuta oa ho itšetleha ka lintho tse senang kelello. Tlhahlobo ea Association of Imprehension (IAT) e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya tlhaiso-leseling e hlakileng. Monyetla o amanang le ketsahalo (ERP) ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa methapo ea methapo ea kutlo ho etsa lipatlisiso tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea kelello e amanang le tlhahisoleseling. Ho etsa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng ka litšobotsi tsa ERP tsa khethollo e hlakileng ea ho lemalla bokhoba ba marang-rang ho ka thusa ho utloisisa mofuta oa bokhoba ba marang-rang. Phuputso ena e fuputse litšobotsi tsa ERP tsa khethollo e hlakileng ea ho lemalla bokhoba ba marang-rang. Barupeluoa ba kenyellelitse batho ba lemaletseng Inthanete ea 60 (IAG) le 60 e tloaelehileng taolo (NCG). Barupeluoa bohle ba ne ba lekantsoe le ERPs ba sebelisa IAT. Liphetho li bonts'itse hore ho bile le phapang e kholo phello e amanang le IAT e amanang le inthanete bakeng sa linako tsa karabelo lipakeng tsa IAG le NCG, mme ho bile le mekhatlo e metle e tiileng e amanang le litloaelo tse amanang le inthanete ho IAG ho feta NCG. U sebelisa P1, N2, P3, le N4 joalo ka mefuta e itšetlehileng ka eona, tlhahlobo e kopantsoeng ea mehato e fapaneng ea phetoho (ANOVA) ho li-latency tsa bohlokoa le ho bolela maqhubu a senola tšebelisano e kholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha (IAG vs. NCG) le maemo a susumetsang (liteko tse lumellanang liteko tse sa lumellaneng) bakeng sa nalane ea N2 le P3; tlhahlobo ea litlamorao tse bonolo e bonts'itse hore maqhubu a N2 le P3 a ne a le maholo ka tlasa maemo a liteko a lumellanang le IAG ho feta tlasa maemo a liteko a sa lumellaneng a IAG. Sehlopheng sa IAG, litloaelano tse ntle tsa mekhatlo e amanang le inthanete li hlahisitse libaka tse kholo tsa N2 le P3 litsi tsa libaka tsa occipital lobe. Liphetho tsena li bonts'a batho ba lemaletseng marang-rang ba bonts'a likamano tse ntle le tse matla mabapi le mekhoa e amanang le inthanete, le litloaelano tse ntle tsa litheko tse amanang le inthanete tse hlahisitseng liphetoho tsa ERP libakeng tsa li-occbeital lobe.
Selelekela
Bokhoba ba inthanete bo bua ka ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea inthanete e nang le phello e mpe haholo bophelong ba batho ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho ipapisitsoe le lithuto tsa pejana ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea methapo ea kutlo le methapo ea kutlo, bokhoba ba inthanete ke mofuta oa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi e seng ea kelello (ke hore, mofuta oa boitšoaro bo hlephileng) (1-4). Ho fihla joale, ho bile le tumellano ea hore bokhoba ba marang-rang bo kenyelletsa li-subtypes tse 'nè: lipapali tsa inthanete, marang-rang a marang-rang, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete le mabenkele a marang-rang (5, 6); leha ho le joalo, mokhoa oa psychopathological kapa aetiological oa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete ha o hlake. Ho sebelisa litekanyo tsa neuropsychological le mekhoa ea neuroimaging ho ka hlakisa mofuta oa bokhoba ba marang-rang.
Kutloisiso e hlakileng ke lentsoe la bohlokoa ho psychology ea kelello; e bua haholo ka mekhoa ea kutloisiso, kutloisiso, mohopolo, kutloisiso, mabaka le ts'ebetso tse etsahalang ka temohisiso e sa tsebeng letho (7). Boithuto ba pejana bo supile hore mekhatlo e meng e amanang le boits'oaro e kanna ea khahlisoa ke litlhahlobo tse netefalitsoeng tsa memori tse ka atamelang haufi le ho kenya tšebetsong likamano tse seng li ntse li le teng tsamaisong ea memori (8, 9). Tlhahlobo ea Association of Imprehension (IAT) e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya tlhaiso-leseling e hlakileng. IAT e bua ka mosebetsi o arotsoeng oa nako ea ho khetha likarolo tse hlahlobang matla a khethollang pakeng tsa sepheo sa ho phefumoloha le likhakanyo tsa tšebeliso e le mokhoa oa ho hlakola khethollo e sa bonahaleng (10). IAT ke tlhahlobo e tloahelehileng e sa sebelisoeng ea ho ikamahanya le memori (11, 12). Boithuto bo bongata bo tlalehile hore ho ba le kelello e felletseng ke ponelo-pele bakeng sa mathata a mang a kelello, joalo ka ho ts'epa joala le ts'ebeliso ea koae (13, 14). Mohlala, lithuto tse fetileng, tse sebelisitseng IAT ho lekola mekhatlo e sa ts'oanang le koae, joala, matekoane le ts'ebeliso ea koae, li bonts'itse hore IAT e khetholle basebelisi ba lithethefatsi hantle ho batho bao e seng basebelisi (15-18).
Ka lebaka la karolo e ka bang teng ho psychopathology kapa etiology, lipatlisiso tsa tsebo e hlakileng li eketsehile, haholoholo mathateng a mangata a kelello. Phuputso ea morao tjena e tlaleha hore litloaelano tse mpe lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang le bokhoni ba ho ithuta bo felletseng (19). Ho khetholla mekhoa e ka sebelisang tšebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete ho batho ba lemaletseng papali ea inthanete, patlisiso e ile ea lekola karabelo e ntle ea sepheo se hlakileng lithutong tsa lipapali tsa inthanete mme ea fihlela qeto ea hore batho ba lemaletseng papali ea inthanete ba na le karabelo e ntle e sa hlakang lithutong tsa lipapali tsa inthanete; temohisiso e hlakileng e ka boela ea amahanngoa le papali ea dyscontroll e fumanehang marang-rang (20).
Lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng, mekhoa ea ho tsebahala ka mokhoa o hlakileng litabeng tsa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi e 'nile ea hlahlojoa ka mekhoa ea ho itlhahisa, joalo ka ts'ebetso ea ho nahana ka matla a matla a kelello (fMRI) le lintho tse ka amanang le liketsahalo (ERPs). Mohlala, thuto e fetileng e ile ea lekola ts'ebetso ho li-subural subato tse amehang lits'ebetsong tse kopanetsoeng ka fMRI ea joala-IAT e tsepamisitse liphetho tse ntle tsa tšebeliso ea joala, 'me liphetho li bonts'a hore striatum e ikarabella bakeng sa ho kopanya mekhatlo e sa sebetseng e sebelisang tloaelo. 'me cortex ea pele e ikarabella ho tšebelisanong le boits'oaro bo laolehileng (9). Phuputso e 'ngoe e sebelisitse ERPs ho fuputsa likarabo tsa ba noang joala haholo litšoantšong tse amanang le joala mme e bonts'a hore litefiso tsa P100 tse phahamisitsoeng ke litšoantšo tse amanang le joala li ne li le kholo haholo ho feta tse hlahisitsoeng ke litšoantšo tse seng tsa joala (21).
ERP ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa methapo ea methapo ea kutlo ho etsa lipatlisiso tse amanang le' mele. Haholo-holo, ERP e loketse ho ithuta ntho ka lebelo la mesebetsi ea neural. Ho etsa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng ka sebopeho sa ERP sa khethollo e hlakileng ea ho lemalla bokhoba ba marang-rang ho ka thusa ho utloisisa mofuta oa bokhoba ba marang-rang. Ho tla fihlela joale, ha ho na lithuto tse tlalehiloeng tse hlahlobang litšobotsi tsa ERP tsa khethollo e hlakileng ea ho lemalla bokhoba ba inthanete. Thutong ena, barupeluoa ba kenyelelitse sehlopha sa motho ea lemalloang Inthaneteng (IAG) le sehlopha se tloaelehileng sa taolo (NCG). Barupeluoa bohle ba ne ba lekantsoe le ERPs ba sebelisa IAT e amanang le tlhahisoleseling. Boithuto bona bo fuputse litšobotsi tsa ERP tsa khethollo e hlakileng ea ho lemalla bokhoba ba marang-rang.
mekhoa
Nako le maemo
Boithuto bona bo ile ba etsoa Wuxi Mental Health Center, Profinseng ea Jiangsu, China, ho tloha ka Pherekhong 2015 ho fihlela ka Pherekhong 2018.
Litšobotsi tsa mehlala
Sehlopha sa bokhoba ba marang-rang
Litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo tse sebelisoang bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete li na le lintho tse latelang tse hlano: (I) batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ba lokela ho latela litekanyetso tsa Potso e Neng e Botsoa ea Tlhatlhobo ea Inthanete (22); (II) ea lilemo li 18 kapa ho feta; (III) ha ea ka ea fihlela maemo a mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) axis I disorders kapa mathata a botho; (IV) e sa fumanoeng a na le ts'oaetso ea koae kapa joala; le (V) ha e fumanoe e na le mafu a mang a methapo ea methapo. Litlhahlobo tsa bongaka lithutong tsohle li entsoe ke baahi ba babeli ba mafu a kelello ho bokella meriana ea mokuli le tlhaiso-leseling ea sechaba le ho netefatsa kapa ho qhelela ka thoko tekanyetso ea tlhahlobo ea DSM-5 bakeng sa bokuli bofe kapa bofe ba kelello le tekanyetso ea tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba inthanete; Nako ea ts'ebeliso ea motho ka mong ea inthanete e ne e khethoa ka ho hlahlojoa ha motho ka sehlahlo. Bafuputsi ba hloka hore batho ba lemaletseng Inthanete ba hopole mekhoa ea bona ea bophelo. Barupeluoa ba IAG ba ile ba hiroa Setsing sa Wuxi Mental Health, Chaena. Batho ba 60 ba lemaletseng ho sebelisa Inthanete ba ile ba ngolisoa sehlopheng sa IAG, ho kenyeletsoa bakuli ba 51 le bakuli ba 9. Ho tšepahala ha litlaleho tsena tsa boits'oaro tse tsoang ho batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ea inthanete ho ile ha khethoa ke ho etela bao ba lulang le bona le metsoalle e haufi. Batho ba nang le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete ba sebelisitse 11.48 h / ka letsatsi (standard deviation = 2.07) mesebetsing ea inthanete. Nako ea ho sebelisa marang-rang beke le beke e ne e le matsatsi a 6.29 (ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng = 0.57).
Sehlopha se tloaelehileng sa taolo
Litaolo tse tloaelehileng li ile tsa khethoa sechabeng sa lipapatso tsa lehae. Litaolo tsohle tse tloaelehileng li ile tsa etsoa tlhahlobo ea bongaka ke baahi ba babeli ba kelello ho bokella meriana ea mokuli le datha ea sechaba le ho netefatsa kapa ho khetholla tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea DSM-5 bakeng sa bokuli bofe kapa bofe ba kelello. Litaolo tse tloaelehileng li ile tsa lekoa ka Potso e Ncha e hlahlojoang bakeng sa Tlatsetso ea Marang-rang ho khetholla tlhahlobo ea ho lemalla tahi ea inthanete. Litaolo tse tloaelehileng li ne li sa kenyelletsoe phuputsong haeba li ne li itšetleha ka lintho tse sebelisoang kapa li fumanoe ka mafu a itseng a methapo ea methapo. Batho ba 60 ba ile ba bapisoa le thobalano le lilemo le barupeluoa ba IAG mme ba sebeletsa e le NCG. Ha ho buuoa ka thuto ea pejana ea bokhoba ba marang-rang (3), ke batsamaisi feela ba tloaelehileng ba sebelisitseng nako e ka tlase ho 2 h / letsatsi inthaneteng ba neng ba behiloe ho NCG.
Pele ho teko, ngaka e ka sehloohong e amanang le mafu a kelello e ile ea lekola bocha litlaleho tsa bankakarolo. Boemo bohle ba maikutlo ba barupeluoa bo ile ba lekoa ka Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD, 17-item version) le Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Sekala sa Annett handness (3) e sebelisitsoe ho lekola letsoho la barupeluoa bohle.
Lithuto le taolo e tloaelehileng li fumane liforomo tse ngolisitsoeng tse nang le tsebo mme li fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo ea ho nka karolo lipatlisisong tsena. Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba lefuoa $ 48.39 hammoho le litšenyehelo tsa ho tsamaea. Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Wuxi Mental Health Center, Chaena, e amohetse protocol bakeng sa morero oa lipatlisiso.
Teko ea Neuropsychological
Teko ea mokhatlo e amanang le inthanete
Lithuto le taolo e tloaelehileng li entse IAT e amanang le inthanete. IAT e amanang le inthanete e ne e fetisoa ho tsoa ho IAT-joala joala bo neng bo hiriloe phuputsong e fetileng ke Ames et al. (9). Ha ho hlokahale hore lithuto le lipehelo tse tloaelehileng li fuoe litaelo nakong ea liteko. Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba kopuoa ho tsamaea ka potlako kamoo ba ka khonang (ka nepo). Liphetoho tse lokelang ho aroloa li ne li hlahisitsoe ka mokhoa o sa reroang (litšoantšo tse amanang le inthanete le litšoantšo tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang) le likarolo tsa semelo (mantsoe a khothatsang le mantsoe a se nang lehlakore). Mekha ea sepheo (sepheo sa sehlooho) e ne e le litšoantšo tse tšeletseng tse amanang le inthanete le litšoantšo tse tona tse tšeletseng, 'me likarolo tsa litumelo e ne e le likarolo tse tšeletseng tse ntle le tse sa ts'oaneng (mantsoe a mabeli a China), tse ileng tsa khetholloa ka lipotso tse bulehileng tse tsoang liithuti tsa 180 tsa pele ho liithuti ( Baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa 40, baithuti ba 101 ba undergardate, le baithuti ba 39 ba fumaneng mangolo). Ho ile ha khethoa litšoantšo tse tšeletseng tse amanang le inthanete, linonyana tse tšeletseng tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang, tse tšeletseng tse ntle le tse arohaneng tsa mantsoe, ho latela khafetsa ea tsona. Baithuti ba mashome a mararo ba sebelisitse sebopeho sa karabelo ea 7-point Likert ho tšoaea linepe tse tšeletseng tse amanang le inthanete ho litekanyetso tsa bona tsa inthanete, 'me kakaretso e ne e le 6.09 (ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng = 0.51). Litšoantšo tse amanang le inthanete li kenyelletsa letšoao la WeChat, setšoantšo sa King of Glory (inthaneteng-papali), setšoantšo sa Taobao, letšoao la Google Chrome, letšoao la marang-rang la Internet, le pontšo ea Tencent QQ; Litšoantšo tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang li kenyeletsa Ntja, Monkey, Horse, Phokojoe, Sheep le Dolphin. Mantsoe a monate a kenyellelitse thabo, ho hohela, ho phomola, ho thabisa, ho ba le botsoalle le ho ba le botsoalle, 'me mantsoe a sa nke lehlakore a kenyelletsa tloaelo, ho khutsa, ho hloka leeme, le boputsoa, ho ema, le sepheo. Baithuti ba mashome a mararo ba sebelisitse tekanyo ea lintlha tsa 7 ho tloha 1 (e amohetsoe haholo) ho 7 (e sa amoheloang haholo) ho lekanya matla a amanang le mantsoe a tšeletseng a matle le a tšeletseng a sa jeleng paate; karolelano ea kakaretso ea mantsoe a nepahetseng e ne e le 6.33 (standard deviation = 0.71), kakaretso ea mantsoe a Neutral e ne e le 3.55 (standard deviation = 0.30).
Motsoako oa setšoantšo se amanang le inthanete + lentsoe le khothatsang le bapisoa le lentsoe le se nang thuso lipakeng tsa 'mele e ne e le liteko tse lumellanang, ha ho kopantsoe setšoantšo sa phoofolo e anyesang + lentsoe le letle le tsamaeang le setšoantšo se amanang le inthanete le lentsoe le sa nke lehlakore e ne e le liteko tse sa lumellaneng.
Mekhahlelo ea sepheo (prime stimuli) le likarolo tsa semelo li hlahisitsoe ho leihlo la khomphutha la 17-inch le sebelisang software ea E-Prime 2.0. Mantsoe a mofuta oa (boholo 40) le "+" e khubelu (1.0 × 1.0 cm) a hlahisitsoe boholo-holo skrineng.
Ho IAT ena, ho ne ho na le tlhahiso ea 80 ka li-block tse lumellanang le 80 ka li-block tse sa lumellaneng. Li-block tsa liteko tse lumellanang le liteko tse sa lumellaneng li ile tsa hanyetsoa, 'me liteko kahara li-block li ile tsa laeloa ka nepo. Liteko tsa netefatso ea mantlha e ne e le motheo. "Red" e khubelu e sebelisitsoe tlhahiso ea tokiso ka ho qala nako ho tloha ho 1.0 ho isa 4.5 s, ebe ho latela tlhahiso e susumetsang. Phatlalatso e kholo ea sepheo sa liteko e ne e le ea 2 s. Ho bile le nako ea ho kenella (2 s) kamora hore karolo e tobetse konopo ea karabo, ebe teko e felile 'me ea lateloa ke teko e latelang.
E hlahisitsoe ke Ames et al. (9), IAT e amanang le inthanete e ne e na le li-block tse latelang: (I) tloaelo ea sehlopha sa sepheo (liteko tsa 20), nakong ea liteko, barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba kopuoa ho tobetsa konopo ea setšoantšo se amanang le inthanete ebe ba tobetsa konopo ea L bakeng sa setšoantšo sa liphoofolo tse anyesang; (II) tloaelo ea sehlopha sa litšoaneleho (liteko tsa 20), nakong ea liteko, barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba kopuoa ho tobetsa konopo ea A bakeng sa lentsoe le nepahetseng ebe ba tobetsa konopo ea L bakeng sa lentsoe le sa nke lehlakore; (III) setsi se lumellanang se nang le sepheo sa likarolo tsa boleng le litšobotsi (liteko tsa 20), nakong ea liteko, barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba kopuoa ho tobetsa konopo ea A bakeng sa ho kopanya setšoantšo se amanang le inthanete + lentsoe le nepahetseng ebe o tobetsa konopo ea L bakeng sa konopo lentsoe la phoofolo e anyesang + e sa nke lehlakore; (IV) setsi se lumellanang se nang le liteko tsa sehlopha sa sepheo sa bobeli le sepheo (liteko tsa 60), nakong ea liteko, barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba kopuoa ho tobetsa konopo ea A bakeng sa ho kopanya setšoantšo se amanang le inthanete + lentsoe le nepahetseng ebe o tobetsa konopo ea L bakeng sa konopo lentsoe la phoofolo e anyesang + e sa nke lehlakore; (V) sehlopha sa sepheo se sebelisoang feela mekhoeng ea maemo a fetotsoeng (liteko tsa 20); (VI) thibela e sa lumellaneng ka bobeli ba sehlopha sa sepheo se khutliselitsoeng le tloaelo ea sehlopha sa tšobotsi (liteko tsa 20); le (VII) thibela e sa lumellaneng ka bobeli ba sehlopha sa sepheo se khutliselitsoeng le tlhahlobo ea sehlopha sa tšobotsi (liteko tsa 60) (Setšoantšo. (Figure1).1). Ke data feela e tsoang ho block IV le block VII e sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa tlhahlobo. Ho latela algorithm e fetileng e sebelisitsoeng ho litekanyetso tsa D-600 (23), likarabo tsa IAG le NCG li ile tsa baloa ka thoko.
Papali e bonts'ang IAT e amanang le inthanete. 愉快, ke thabo; 平静 khutso. ITI, nako ea lipakeng; ms, millisecond.
Litekanyo tse ka bang teng tse amanang le ketsahalo
Ha e bua ka Sistimi ea machaba ea 10 / 20, li-electroencephalogram li ile tsa rekota ka sesebelisoa sa Stellate Harmonie Electroencephalogram (Physiotec Electronics Ltd., Canada) se sebelisa Electro-Cap Electrode System (ECITM Electro-Caps, Electro-cap International, INL, USA). Li-elektrone tse kopaneng tsa tsebe li sebelisitsoe e le sebui, 'me "electrode ea fatše" e ne e khabisitsoe phatleng. Li-electrooculograms tse emeng le tse otlolohileng li ne li tlalehiloe ho tloha holimo le ka tlase ho leihlo le letona le ka lehlakoreng le letona le ka ho le letšehali la canthi. Ts'ebetso ea li-electrode e ne e le ka tlase ho 5 kΩ. Sesebelisoa sa band-pass e ne e le 0.05-100 Hertz (Hz), 'me sampole e ne e le 250 Hz. Li-waveform tsa Electroencephalogram le li-electrooculogram li ne li tlhotiloe ka bandpass filter 0.01-40 Hz, 24 dB / oct. Maemo a susumetsang a li-ERPs a kenyelletsa ho latela liteko tse peli: liteko tse lumellanang (motsoako oa setšoantšo se amanang le inthanete + lentsoe le khothatsang le lentsoe la mamalia + le sa nke lehlakore) le liteko tse sa lumellaneng (motsoako oa setšoantšo sa phoofolo ea tonanahali + lentsoe le nepahetseng khahlanong le setšoantšo se amanang le inthanete + Lentsoe le sa jeleng paate). Liteko tsa li-block 3, 4, 6, le 7 bakeng sa IAT tse amanang le inthanete li sebelisitsoe tlhahlobo ea ERP. Netefatso ea likarolo tsa ERP e ne e ipapisitse le latency kamora ts'ebetso ea ho hlohlelletsa, mme likarolo tsa ERP li kenyellelitse tlhahiso ea litheko tsa P1, N2, P3, le N4. Lintlha tsa ERP tse tsoang libakeng tse latelang tse tšeletseng tsa scalp, libaka tsa li-electrode tsa 14 ka kakaretso li ile tsa hlahlojoa: libaka tsa pele tsa lobe (F3, Fz, le F4); libaka tsa lobe tsa parietal (P3, Pz, le P4); libaka tsa lobe tse bohareng (C3, Cz, and C4); libaka tsa nakoana tsa lobe tsa nakoana (T3) le libaka tsa litokelo tsa nakoana tsa lobe (T4); le libaka tsa lobe tsa occipital (O1, Oz, le O2). Epoch ea ERP maemong ohle a tšusumetso e ne e le 1000 milliseconds (ms) (ho kenyelletsa 200 ms pele ho qaleho ea ts'usumetso le 800 ms ka mor'a ho qala ha khothalletso). Karolo ea ERP P1 e ne e hlalosoa e le sehlohlolong sa tlhonamo kahare ho fensetere ea 0-150 ms latency, N2 e hlalositsoe e le tlhonamo e phahameng ea tlhaselo kahare ho fensetere ea 150-250 ms latency, P3 e ne e hlalosoa e le tlhalo-tlhoko ea boemo bo phahameng kahare ho fensetere ea 250-350 ms latency. mme N4 e ne e hlalosoa e le bohlasoa bo phahameng kahare ho fensetere ea 350-450 ms latency.
Tlhahlobo ea statistical
Lintlha tsohle li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka Software Statistical Product and Service Solution 18.0 software (SPSS 18.0, WIN version, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Ha ho bapisoa litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho le tsa bongaka (lilemo tsa thuto, lintlha tsa HAMA le lintlha tsa HAMD) lipakeng tsa IAG le NCG li entsoe ka mohlala o ikemetseng. tLiteko. Lipapiso tsa ho nehelana pakeng tsa IAG le NCG li entsoe ka liteko tse lekantsoeng. Lipapiso tsa data tsa ERP lipakeng tsa IAG le NCG li ne li etsoa ho sebelisoa mekhoa e tsoakiloeng e kopaneng ea tlhahlobo (ANOVA). Methati ea tokoloho ea tekanyo ea F e ile ea lokisoa, ho latela mokhoa oa Greenhouse-Geisser. Ho ile ha etsoa liteko tse fapaneng tsa mraba post-hoc hlahlobisisa, haeba ho bontšoa.
Results
Mekhoa ea palo ea batho le liteko tsa bongaka
Litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho ba sampole tsohle li hlalositsoe Tafoleng Tafole1.1. Ho ne ho se na phapang ea bohlokoa ho tekano ea thobalano, lilemo, lilemo, lilemo tsa thuto, ho fana ka maikutlo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli. Leha palo e matla ea HAMA le HAMD ea IAG e ne e phahame ho feta ea NCG, ha ho phapang e ileng ea bonoa lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli.
Lethathamo 1
Boemo ba batho ba lipontšo le tsa kliniki tsa mehlala.
| IAG | NCG | Teko ea lipalo | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Karolelano ea thobalano (M / F) | 60 (32 / 28) | 60 (32 / 28) | - |
| Bontša lilemo (SD) | 23 (5) | 23 (5) | - |
| Handsness (R / M / L) | 23/15/22 | 22/17/21 | x2 = 3.60, p = 0.18, NS |
| Mokhahlelo oa lilemo | 18-28 | 18-28 | - |
| Lilemo tsa thuto (SD) | 10.3 (2.2) | 10.1 (2.2) | t = 0.585, p = 0.560, NS |
| Nako ea ho itjella (khoeli, SD) | 35.1 (11.0) | - | - |
| HAMA (SD) | 9.4 (3.2) | 8.4 (2.8) | t = 1.762, p = 0.081, NS |
| HAMD (SD) | 15.2 (4.8) | 13.5 (5.1) | t = 1.928, p = 0.056, NS |
IAG, sehlopha sa tlatsetso sa inthanete; NCG, Sehlopha sa taolo se tloaelehileng; M, e motona; F, mosali; SD, ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng; HAMA, Hamilton Anxcare Scale; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; NS, ha e bohlokoa.
Phello e amanang le inthanete e amanang le inthanete
Moelelo oa D-600 oa IAG e ne e le 0.3152 (standard deviation = 0.3440), mme moelelo oa D-600 molemong oa NCG e ne e le 0.0625 (standard deviation = 0.2063). Lumellana le sampole e ikemetseng t-Test, ho bile le phapang e kholo phello e amanang le IAT e amanang le inthanete bakeng sa linako tsa karabelo lipakeng tsa IAG le NCG, mme e bonts'itse likamano tse ntle le tse tiileng mabapi le litloaelo tse amanang le inthanete ho IAG ho feta ho NCG (t = 6.901, p = 0.001).
Sekhahla sa phoso ea IAG e ne e le 0.0251 (standard deviation = 0.0187), 'me litekanyetso tsa phoso tsa NCG e ne e le 0.0260 (standard deviation = 0.0191). Ho latela sampole e ikemetseng t-Test, ha ho phapang e kholo litekanyetsong tsa liphoso tsa IAT e amanang le inthanete e hlokometsoe pakeng tsa IAG le NCG (t = -0.356, p = 0.672).
Ts'ebetso ea datha tse amanang le liketsahalo tse amanang le ketsahalo
Li-lat latous le bolele bo eketsehileng ba karolo ea ERP (P1, N2, P3, le N4) ea bohle ba nkang karolo ba bontšitsoe litafoleng Lithane22-5 le Lipalo LITLHOSXX2-5. 'Mapa oa sketch oa li-waveform tse kholo tse ntlafalitsoeng ke IAG e lumellanang le tlhoko ea teko, tšusumetso ea liteko e sa lumellaneng, tlhotlheletso ea teko e lumellanang ea NCG, le sepheo sa liteko tse sa lumellaneng tsa NCG FZ, Cz, Pz, T3, T4, Oz, O1, le O2 e bonts'oa e le Setšoantšo Figure66.
Lethathamo 2
Bohle ba barupeluoa 'ERP P1 ba bolela latency [e bolelang (SD), ms] le ho bolela amplitudes [e bolelang (SD), μV] *.
| Likarolo tsa scalp | IAG | NCG | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liteko tse lumellanang | Liteko tse sa lumellaneng | Liteko tse lumellanang | Liteko tse sa lumellaneng | |||||
| Methati | Maemo a maholo | Methati | Maemo a maholo | Methati | Maemo a maholo | Methati | Maemo a maholo | |
| Frontal lobe | 136 (10) | 3.5 (0.4) | 133 (10) | 3.4 (0.4) | 135 (10) | 3.3 (0.4) | 139 (12) | 3.5 (0.3) |
| Parietal lobe | 130 (15) | 3.5 (0.5) | 134 (9) | 3.5 (0.6) | 138 (11) | 3.5 (0.5) | 136 (11) | 3.7 (0.6) |
| Central lobe | 137 (12) | 3.6 (0.5) | 136 (16) | 3.3 (0.6) | 141 (12) | 3.6 (0.4) | 133 (11) | 3.6 (0.6) |
| Temporal lobe (T3) | 130 (15) | 3.4 (0.5) | 140 (13) | 3.5 (0.5) | 134 (12) | 3.4 (0.5) | 136 (10) | 3.3 (0.8) |
| Temporal lobe (T4) | 135 (10) | 3.5 (0.4) | 135 (10) | 3.6 (0.5) | 133 (13) | 3.5 (0.6) | 135 (11) | 3.7 (0.6) |
| Mosebetsi oa lobe | 134 (11) | 3.6 (0.7) | 132 (11) | 3.5 (0.6) | 138 (10) | 3.3 (0.5) | 132 (12) | 3.6 (0.6) |
Lethathamo 5
Bohle ba nkang karolo 'ERP N4 ba bolela latencies [mean (SD), ms] and mean amplitudes [mean (SD), μV] *.
| Likarolo tsa scalp | IAG | NCG | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liteko tse lumellanang | Liteko tse sa lumellaneng | Liteko tse lumellanang | Liteko tse sa lumellaneng | |||||
| Methati | Maemo a maholo | Methati | Maemo a maholo | Methati | Maemo a maholo | Methati | Maemo a maholo | |
| Frontal lobe | 405 (14) | -4.0 (0.6) | 403 (15) | -3.9 (0.7) | 403 (15) | -4.1 (0.8) | 400 (19) | -4.3 (1.0) |
| Parietal lobe | 400 (19) | -4.1 (0.8) | 402 (19) | -4.2 (0.9) | 401 (11) | -4.1 (0.7) | 405 (17) | -4.5 (0.8) |
| Central lobe | 401 (17) | -4.0 (0.5) | 402 (17) | -4.2 (0.6) | 400 (19) | -4.3 (0.6) | 406 (14) | -4.6 (0.7) |
| Temporal lobe (T3) | 406 (15) | -4.3 (0.6) | 401 (13) | -4.1 (0.5) | 404 (16) | -4.2 (0.8) | 402 (18) | -4.1 (0.9) |
| Temporal lobe (T4) | 399 (17) | -4.1 (1.0) | 407 (18) | -4.2 (0.5) | 401 (17) | -4.0 (0.6) | 400 (16) | -4.0 (0.6) |
| Mosebetsi oa lobe | 402 (18) | -4.3 (0.8) | 402 (17) | -4.0 (0.6) | 405 (18) | -4.1 (0.8) | 406 (16) | -4.2 (0.6) |
'Mapa oa sketch oa li-waveform tse kholo tse ntlafalitsoeng ke IAG e lumellanang le tlhoko ea teko, tšusumetso ea liteko e sa lumellaneng, tlhotlheletso ea teko e lumellanang ea NCG, le sepheo sa liteko tse sa lumellaneng tsa NCG FZ, Cz, Pz, T3, T4, Oz, O1, le O2 . Ho IAG, libakeng tsa Oz, O1, le O2, litloaelano tse ntle tsa mekhatlo e amanang le Marang-rang li ile tsa hlahisa lintlha tse kholo tsa N2 le P3.
Lethathamo 3
Bohle ba nkang karolo 'ERP N2 ba bolela latencies [mean (SD), ms] and mean amplitudes [mean (SD), μV] *.
| Likarolo tsa scalp | IAG | NCG | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liteko tse lumellanang | Liteko tse sa lumellaneng | Liteko tse lumellanang | Liteko tse sa lumellaneng | |||||
| Methati | Maemo a maholo | Methati | Maemo a maholo | Methati | Maemo a maholo | Methati | Maemo a maholo | |
| Parietal lobe | 196 (14) | -3.6 (0.7) | 200 (12) | -3.7 (0.6) | 201 (8) | -3.6 (0.7) | 195 (13) | -4.2 (0.6) |
| Central lobe | 203 (16) | -3.5 (0.9) | 199 (10) | -4.0 (0.8) | 197 (11) | -3.7 (0.5) | 197 (13) | -3.7 (0.8) |
| Temporal lobe (T3) | 195 (11) | -3.8 (0.5) | 198 (10) | -3.9 (0.9) | 199 (16) | -3.8 (0.7) | 202 (8) | -3.9 (0.9) |
| Temporal lobe (T4) | 194 (15) | -4.0 (0.8) | 195 (16) | -3.8 (0.6) | 201 (12) | -4.0 (0.4) | 198 (14) | -4.0 (0.8) |
| Mosebetsi oa lobe | 197 (13) | -6.2 (0.9) | 196 (15) | -4.1 (0.5) | 197 (10) | -3.6 (0.6) | 194 (16) | -4.2 (0.8) |
Lethathamo 4
Bohle ba barupeluoa 'ERP P3 ba bolela latency [e bolelang (SD), ms] le ho bolela amplitudes [e bolelang (SD), μV] *.
| Likarolo tsa scalp | IAG | NCG | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liteko tse lumellanang | Liteko tse sa lumellaneng | Liteko tse lumellanang | Liteko tse sa lumellaneng | |||||
| Methati | Maemo a maholo | Methati | Maemo a maholo | Methati | Maemo a maholo | Methati | Maemo a maholo | |
| Frontal lobe | 297 (18) | 4.5 (0.6) | 296 (15) | 4.4 (0.7) | 296 (18) | 4.5 (0.8) | 300 (9) | 4.8 (1.0) |
| Parietal lobe | 296 (19) | 4.6 (0.8) | 302 (12) | 4.7 (0.9) | 301 (11) | 4.6 (0.7) | 305 (17) | 4.9 (0.6) |
| Central lobe | 301 (16) | 4.5 (0.9) | 299 (17) | 4.7 (0.8) | 297 (15) | 4.7 (0.6) | 297 (13) | 4.7 (0.7) |
| Temporal lobe (T3) | 295 (14) | 4.8 (0.7) | 298 (13) | 4.9 (0.9) | 304 (16) | 4.8 (0.7) | 302 (18) | 4.9 (0.9) |
| Temporal lobe (T4) | 294 (17) | 4.5 (1.0) | 303 (16) | 4.8 (0.6) | 301 (12) | 5.0 (0.6) | 298 (16) | 5.0 (0.6) |
| Mosebetsi oa lobe | 299 (16) | 6.8 (0.9) | 302 (17) | 4.8 (0.8) | 297 (18) | 4.6 (0.9) | 306 (16) | 4.8 (0.8) |
U sebelisa P1, N2, P3, le N4 joalo ka mefuta e itšetlehileng, 2 × 2 × 6 e kopantsoeng mehato e phetoang ANOVA ho bolele le bolelele ba maqhubu, le sehlopha (IAG vs. NCG) e le taba e pakeng tsa taba le maemo a ho hlohlelletsa (a lumellana) liteko le liteko tse sa lumellaneng) le libaka tsa scalp (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, lobe e bohareng, temporal lobe (T3), tempbe lobe (T4), le occipital lobe) joalo ka lintho tse ka hare ho lithuto, li ile tsa etsoa.
Karolo ea P1
Ha ho na liphetho tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa P1 latency le amplitude.
Karolo ea N2
Ha ho na litlamorao tse kholo tsa N2 latency. Liphetho li senotse tšebelisano e kholo lipakeng tsa sehlopha (IAG vs. NCG) le boemo ba tšusumetso (liteko tse lumellanang le liteko tse sa tsamaelaneng) [F(1, 119) = 32.76, p = 0.000]. Tlhahlobo ea litlamorao tse bonolo e bonts'itse hore li-amplopes tsa N2 li ne li le kholo tlasa maemo a liteko a lumellanang a IAG ho feta tlasa maemo a liteko a sa lumellaneng a IAG [F(1, 119) = 5.10, p = 0.018]. Ho IAG, litloaelano tse ntle tsa mabitso a amanang le Marang-rang li ile tsa etsa hore ho be le maqhubu a maholo a N2. Ho ne ho e-na le tšebelisano ea bohlokoa ea mekhoa e meraro lipakeng tsa sehlopha (IAG vs. NCG), boemo ba tšusumetso (liteko tse lumellanang le liteko tse sa lumellaneng) le libaka tsa scalp (lebelo la pele, lobe ea parietal, lobe e bohareng, lobe ea nakoana (T3), lobe ea nakoana (T4) ), le occipital lobe) [F(4, 236) = 9.35, p = 0.000]. Tlhahlobo ea litlamorao tse bonolo e bontšitse tšebelisano e kholo lipakeng tsa sehlopha (IAG vs. NCG) le boemo ba tšusumetso (liteko tse lumellanang le liteko tse sa lumellaneng) litsing tsa occipital lobe [F(1, 119) = 29.78, p = 0.000]. Libakeng tsa li-occipital lobe, liteko tse lumellanang le IAG li ile tsa tsosa litheko tse kholo tsa N2 ho feta liteko tse sa lumellaneng tsa IAG. Ha ho na litlamorao tse kholo sebakeng sa pele sa lobe, parietal lobe, lobe e bohareng, temporal lobe (T3), le libaka tsa temporal lobe (T4).
Karolo ea P3
Ha ho na liphetho tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa P3 latency. Liphetho li senotse tšebelisano e kholo lipakeng tsa sehlopha (IAG vs. NCG) le boemo ba tšusumetso (liteko tse lumellanang le liteko tse sa tsamaelaneng) [F(1, 119) = 35.86, p = 0.000]. Tlhahlobo e bonolo ea litlamorao e bonts'itse hore li-ammokers tsa P3 li ne li le kholo tlasa maemo a liteko a lumellanang le IAG ho feta tlasa maemo a liteko a sa lumellaneng a IAG [F(1, 119) = 6.47, p = 0.025]. Ho IAG, litloaelano tse ntle tsa litho tse amanang le inthanete li ile tsa etsa hore ho be le maqhubu a maholo a P3. Ho ne ho e-na le tšebelisano ea bohlokoa ea mekhoa e meraro lipakeng tsa sehlopha (IAG vs. NCG), boemo ba tšusumetso (liteko tse lumellanang le liteko tse sa lumellaneng) le libaka tsa scalp (lebelo la pele, lobe ea parietal, lobe e bohareng, lobe ea nakoana (T3), lobe ea nakoana (T4) ), le occipital lobe) [F(4, 236) = 8.65, p = 0.000]. Tlhahlobo ea litla-morao tse bonolo e bonts'itse tšebelisano e kholo lipakeng tsa sehlopha (IAG vs. NCG) le boemo ba tšusumetso (liteko tse lumellanang le liteko tse sa lumellaneng) libakeng tsa occbeital lobe [F(1, 119) = 30.42, p = 0.000]. Libakeng tsa lobe tsa Occipital, liteko tse lumellanang le IAG li ile tsa etsa hore ho be le li-p3 tse kholo ho feta liteko tse sa lumellaneng le IAG. Ha ho na litlamorao tse kholo sebakeng sa pele sa lobe, parietal lobe, lobe e bohareng, temporal lobe (T3), le libaka tsa temporal lobe (T4).
Karolo ea N4
Ha ho na litlamorao tse kholo tsa N4 latency le amplitude.
Puisano
Boithuto bona ke ba pele ba ho sebelisa ERPs ho fuputsa melaetsa ea neural e hlakileng ea khethollo e mabapi le litheko tse amanang le inthanete tse lemaletseng ts'ebeliso ea inthanete. Liphetho tsa rona tsa ho ithuta li bonts'itse likamano tse ntle le litekanyetso tse amanang le marang-rang tse amanang le inthanete ho IAG ho feta ho NCG, le IAG, litloaelano tse nepahetseng tsa mekhoa e amanang le inthanete e hlahisitseng li-N2 tse kholo le libaka tsa maeto tsa P3 libakeng tsa occipital lobe.
Boithuto ba pejana bo supile hore, e le mofuta oa bokhoba ba boits'oaro, bokhoba ba marang-rang bo arolelana likarolo tse ngata tsa psychopathological ka ts'epahalo ea lintho (1, 24). Boithuto ba taba ea ts'ebeliso ea lintho li bonts'itse hore lits'ebetso tsa mantlha tse amanang le ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea kelello ho nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea ts'ebeliso ea thepa, haholo ts'ebetsong ea kelello, li supa lipheo tse hlokahalang tsa kalafo bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea kelello le ea bongaka (25).
Litsebi tse ngata li khothalelitse hore litloaelano tse tlatselletsang li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa litabeng tsa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi le litloaelo tsa boits'oaro (26). Lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng, liphuputso tse ngata, li sebelisa IAT, li netefalitse hore na lithethefatsi kapa litekanyetso tsa boitshwaro li teng. Mohlala, patlisiso e sebelisitse IAT-Recoding Free (IAT-RF) ho lekanya bonnete ba tumello ea litloaelano tse senang joala ntle le tse ncha tse khothatsang (27); Phuputso e 'ngoe e fetileng, e sebelisang IAT e fetotsoeng le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, e fuputse hore na barupeluoa ba batona le ba batšehali ba na le tšekamelo ea ho lemalla cybersex (26). Lithuto tse peli tse boletsoeng ka holimo li bonts'itse hore ho tloaelana le batho ba thabileng ntle le maikutlo a matle ho ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa litabeng tsa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi le boits'oaro.
Ho latela thuto e fetileng, liphetho tsa rona li bonts'itse hore batho ba lemaletseng marang-rang ba tloaetse ho etsa lintho tse amanang le inthanete.
Monyetla o amanang le ketsahalo ke mofuta oa mehato ea ho rarolla mathata a nakoana a ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko ba motho. Hobane ERPs e hlahisa phetoho e potlakileng e amanang le ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo, e loketse ho eketsa kutloisiso ea rona ea methapo ea motheo ea liphetoho nakong ea ho qala ha lithethefatsi le boits'oaro ba boits'oaro (25).
Boithuto bo bongata bo fuputse litlhaku tsa ERP ha lithuto li ne li etsa mosebetsi oa IAT. Phuputsong e fetileng, lintlha tse peli tse khothatsang tse peli tse khothatsang li ile tsa sebelisoa e le mabitso a sehlopha. Liphetho li bonts'itse karohano e khutšoane ea liteko tse lumellanang le liteko tse sa lumellaneng, 'me liteko tse lumellanang li ile tsa hlahisa li-waveform tse matla libakeng tsa bohareng le tsa parietar ha li bapisoa le liteko tse sa lumellaneng (28). Phuputso e bontšitse hore ha barupeluoa ba etsa mosebetsi oa IAT, ERP e tlalehiloeng e hlahisitse N2 e neng e le kholo ho mohopolo o sa lumellaneng, mme ba fumana hore amplitude ea ERP N2 e bonts'a tlhahlobo e kholo ea karabelo (29). Phuputso e 'ngoe e bonts'itse hore libaka tse ngata tsa boko, ho kenyeletsa medial frontal, cingrate, insular, tempel, le parietal cortex, li ne li ikarabella bakeng sa ERP N2- le P3 e amanang le mosebetsi nakong ea ho etsa IAT (10).
Thutong ena, tlasa maemo a susumetsang a liteko tse lumellanang, litloaelano tse ntle tsa litokelo tse amanang le Marang-rang li ile tsa eketsa likhahla tse kholo tsa N2 le P3 libakeng tsa occipital lobe ho batho ba lemaletseng marang-rang. Le ha ERP e sa sebetse hantle ka tharollo ea sebaka, e kanna ea fana ka bopaki ba hore li-cortices tse ling tsa mokokotlo (joalo ka posterior cingrate cortex) libakeng tsa occipital lobe li na le boikarabello bakeng sa khethollo e sa bonahaleng mabapi le mekhoa e amanang le inthanete ho batho ba lemaletseng marang-rang.
Kakaretso, batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ba hlahisa likamano tse ntle tse matla mabapi le mekhoa e amanang le marang-rang, le litloaelano tse ntle tsa litheko tse amanang le inthanete li hlahisitse liphetoho ho ERPs (ke hore, li-N2 tse kholo le P3 amplople libakeng tsa occipital lobe).
Ho khetholla litšobotsi tsa ERP tsa khethollo e hlakileng ea ho lemalla bokhoba ba marang-rang ho ka u thusa ho utloisisa mofuta oa bokhoba ba marang-rang; Ho feta moo, litholoana li ka fana ka motheo oa theoretical bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea maano a thibelo le kalafo bakeng sa ho lemalla inthanete.
Phuputso ena e na le meeli. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho sebelisa bukana ea Diagnosticotso e fetotsoeng bakeng sa Tlatsetso ea Marang-rang e le sesebelisoa sa ho khetholla lithethefatsi tsa inthanete ha ho nepahala hobane bonnete ba eona joaloka sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo se netefalitsoe. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho khetholla mokhoa oa "neurotic" oa ts'ebetso e hlakileng ea kelello ho litekanyetso tse amanang le inthanete ho latela ts'ebelisano pakeng tsa qeto ea nakoana le tharollo ea sebaka ka neuroimaging; leha ho le joalo, ERP e fana feela ka qeto e ntle ea nakoana. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho sebelisa sesebelisoa se tsebahalang sa ho lemalla bokhoba ba marang-rang le fMRI ho lekola methapo ea methapo ea kutlo e lemaletseng tlhekefetso ea inthanete.
Menehelo ea Mongoli
ZZ le HZhou ba thehile thuto. LC, HZhou, YG, SW, JW, LT, HZhu, le ZZ ba entse tlhahlobo. LC, HZhou, YG, SW, JW, LT, HZhu, le ZZ ba ile ba hlahloba tlhaiso-leseling ba ngola mongolo. Bangoli bohle ba ananetse tlhahiso ea ho qetela ea buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho.
Khohlano ea polelo ea thahasello
Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.
lumela hore baa fokola
Boithuto bona bo tšehelitsoe ke National Natural Science Foundation, China (No. 81471354) le Key Talents Project Foundation bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa bongaka le tsa bophelo bo botle, Profinseng ea Jiangsu (No. ZDRCC2016019).
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