Kamano pakeng tsa ts'oaetso le bothata ba Inthanete ho liithuti tsa sekolo sa Sechaena: Tlhahlobo ea Moderated Mediation ea Tlhaloso Bophelong le Boithati (2015)

Morero oa thuto ea hona joale

Thutong ena, re ile ra hlahloba litšusumetso tsa bophelo bophelong le boitšepo ho tlhekefetso ea marang-rang. Re pheha khang ea hore bophelo bo na le morero le boitšepo, lebaka le leng le le leng bakeng sa boitšoaro ba motho ea lemalloang ho isa tekanyong e itseng. Ho fihla joale, polelo ea boitšepo e lekolang kamano pakeng tsa morero bophelong le bokhoba ba marang-rang ha e so ka e lekoa. Ena ke thuto ea pele ea ho lekola phello e pakeng tsa maikutlo a bophelo (moelelo oa bophelo) le boits'epo (boitšepo) bakeng sa mohlala o matlahali oa boitaolo. Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe pejana, re fetotse taba ea hore (H₁) Morero bophelong o ile oa kopanya kamano lipakeng tsa ho qhekelloa le ho lemalla ts'ebeliso ea inthanete. Ho ipapisitsoe le mehlala ea maikutlo a hore na ke hobaneng ha batho ba inehela inthaneteng [45, 50], re hlakisitse seo (H₂) kamano e lipakeng tsa morero bophelong le bokhoba ba marang-rang e lekanyetsoa ke boitšepo. Sena se lumelletse teko ea hore na IA e ikhethang hakae le maemong a thata a tlisoang.

mekhoa

Boitšoaro ba Melao

Boithuto bona e ne e le boithuto bo mabapi le likarolo tse ngata, 'me pokello ea data e etsahetse maemong a puo e kholo mabapi le bophelo ba kelello. Patlisiso e amohetsoe ke Institutional Review Board (IRB), Sekolo sa Bophelo ba Sechaba, Univesithi ea Jilin, China. Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba fana ka tumello e ngotsoeng, 'me ba netefatsoa hore ha ba tsejoe. Ho nka karolo ho ne ho etsoa ka boithaopo, mme baithuti ba fuoe leseli mabapi le lisebelisoa tsa bophelo ba kelello tsa khamphaseng ha ba phethela thuto.

barupeluoa ba

Re lekile li-hypotheses tsa rona mohlaleng o moholo o sa sebetseng oa baithuti ba koleche (N = 1537). Barupeluoa bohle e ne e le baithuti ba lithupelo tsa bongaka liunivesithing tse tharo North China. Ba phethile mehato ea ho itlaleha ka tlelaseng ka mor'a puo e hlophisitsoeng. Kakaretso ea barupeluoa ba tšoanelehang ba 1068 (61.1% basali; lilemo li bolelang = 22.76, SD = 2.54, mefuta ea 18-25) e arabetse thutong ea hona joale. Sekhahla sa karabelo ea ho nka karolo e ne e le 69.5%. Sekhahla sena se tšoana le sa lithuto tse fetileng [53, 54]. Ha ho na litšebelisano tse bohlokoa le boemo ba bong le bochaba (p > .05), kahoo lintlha tsena ha lia kenyelletsoa litlhahlobong tse ling.

Lipotso tsa lipotso

Barupeluoa ba qetile lipampiri tsa lipotso le lipentšele tsa tlhahlobo ea lipampiri le mehato ea tlhaiso-leseling ea demographic, impulsivity (BIS-11), morero bophelong (PIL), boitšepo (RSE), le ts'ibollo ea marang-rang (YDQ).

IA e ne e kopantsoe ho tsoa likarabo ho Sesebelisoa sa Motsoako oa Phallo ea K'homphieutha se sebelisitsoeng ka makhetlo a robeli (YDQ). YDQ e mabapi le mefuta eohle ea mesebetsi ea inthanete mme ha e na nako. Babuelli ba arabileng ka e ho tse hlano kapa ho feta tsa mekhoa ena e robeli ba thathamisitsoe e le basebelisi ba marang-rang ba lemaletseng [55]. Re nkile lintlha tse tlase tse tlase e le sesupo sa IA e phahameng. YDQ e nkuoe e sebetsa ebile e ts'epahala litlalehong tsa lipatlisiso tse fetileng [56].

Impulsivity e lekantsoe ho sebelisoa Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 (BIS-11). BIS-11 ke potso eo ho eona barupeluoa ba lekanyetsang khafetsa lits'oants'o tse fapaneng tsa boitšoaro tse sa tsitsang kapa tse sa khanneloang sekaleng ho tloha 1 (ka seoelo / ha ho mohla) ho 4 (hoo e ka bang kamehla / kamehla). Potso ea lipotso e na le lintho tse mashome a mararo, palo e tlase ke 30, 'me boholo ke 120; le lintlha tse phahameng tse bonts'ang ho hobeha ho hoholo. Ho tšepahala le ho nepahala ha eona ho bontšitsoe hore lia amoheleha [57].

Morero bophelong o ile oa lekanngoa le Morero o sebelisitsoeng haholo ho Life Test (PIL) [58], sekala sa maikutlo se kenyelletsang litekanyetso tse mashome a mabeli tse entsoeng ka tekanyo ea 7-point, moo "1" e bonts'a sepheo se tlase mme "7" e bonts'a sepheo se phahameng, lintlha tse tlase ke 20, mme boholo ke 140. PIL e fa barupeluoa li-ankora tse ikhethang bakeng sa ntho e ngoe le e ngoe. Tse ling tsa li-anchor tsena ke tsa ho phatloha, tse ling ha li na letho, 'me tse ling li sebelisa tsoelo-pele. Mohlala, ntho e le 'ngoe e fana ka tlhaiso-leseling eo pheletso ea eona e reng "Haeba ke ne nka khetha, nka be nka be ke sa tsoaloa." Ka lehlakoreng le leng la phepelo ke "Haeba nka khetha nka phela maphelo a robong joalo ka ena. ”Ka kakaretso tekanyo e bonts'itse botsitso bo botle ba kahare [18].

Sekhahla sa Rosenberg Boitlhotlhollo (RSE) se ne se sebelisoa ho lekanya maikutlo ka kakaretso a ho itšepa le ho amohela [59]. Barupeluoa ba ile ba lekanya boemo ba bona ba tumellano le lipolelo tse leshome sethaleng sa mofuta oa 5-point Likert ho tloha 1 (ho hana haholo) ho 5 (lumela ka matla). Lintho tsa mohlala li kenyelletsa, "Ke ikutloa eka ke na le litšobotsi tse 'maloa tse ntle," le "Ka kakaretso, ke na le maikutlo a hore ke hloleha." Sekolo se tlase ke 10, mme 40 e phahameng. Lipalo li ne li kopantsoe ke ho phethola lintho, ka lipalo tse phahameng tse supang boitšepo bo phahameng. Sesebelisoa sena ke mohato o netefalitsoeng le o ka tšeptjoang oa ho itšepa lefatšeng ka bophara [60].

Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyetso

Tlhahlobo ea pele

Ts'ebetso ea data e tsoang thutong ena e entsoe ho sebelisoa software ea lipalo ea SPSS 21.0 (SPSS, IBM, Lmd, Beijing, China). Melao e haellang ea data e ne e thathamisitsoe hammoho le mekhoa ea sampole. Batho ba lemaletseng marang-rang ho batho ka kakaretso ba na le maemo a tlase haholo 'me re fumane bopaki ba ho se tšepahale mohlaleng oa rona (skewed = -1.461, SE = .075). Ka lebaka la boholo bo boholo ba sampoleN = 1068), mefuta eohle e ne e fetisetsoa ka nepo [61]. Libaka tsa hasane tsa "" "liivense li bonts'itse likamano tsa moeli lipakeng tsa lintho tsohle tse fetoletsoeng, 'me re ile ra sebelisa tlhahlobo ea methati ea tlhahlobo ea methapo. Bohlokoa ba boleng bo behiloe ho p <.05. Likamano li ile tsa baloa lipakeng tsa mefuta ea boitšepo, moelelo bophelong, ho se ts'oenyehe le ho lemalla inthanete. Litekanyetso tsa alpha ea Cronbach li tlalehiloe ho Lethathamo 1.

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Tafole 1. Lits'ebetso, ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng, litšebelisano, le ho tšoana ho teng lipakeng tsa lipapatso tsa thuto.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0131597.t001

Ts'ebetso ea ho buisana le ho lekanya

Joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe kenyelletsong, re tsamaisitse poelano e ikhethileng le polelo e ikhethileng ea ho leka-lekanya. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe Setšoantšo sa 1, re lekile boholo ba kamano pakeng tsa ho se ts'oenyehe le ho lemalla inthanete e hokahantsoeng ke moelelo bophelong, le hore na kamano lipakeng tsa moelelo oa bophelo le bokhoba ba inthanete e lekantsoe ke boitšepo. Ho fihlela sena, re ile ra leka ho kena lipakeng ka ho fumana li-coefficients tse 'ne tsa khatello ea maikutlo: phello e felletseng ea ho se ts'oenyehe ho lemalloang ke inthanete (c), phello e tobileng ea ho se ts'oenyehe ho lemalloang ke inthanete (c'), phello ea ho se ts'oenyehe molemong oa bophelo (a), le phello ea moelelo bophelong ka ho lemalla inthanete (b). Ha litlamorao tsa a, b, le c li le bohlokoa, empa c 'phello ha e bohlokoa, ho bonts'oa phello e felletseng ea bonamoli. Ha a, b, c le c 'litlamorao kaofela li le bohlokoa, ho ba le phello ea bonamoli bo sa reroang.

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Mofuta oa 1. Moralo oa khopolo.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0131597.g001

Ka mor'a moo, re ile ra leka litla-morao ka ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ho laola maemo. Ka regression ea pele, bokhoba ba marang-rang bo ile ba ngoloa ka ho qobelloa le ho itšepa. Ho lekana bakeng sa ho qobelloa ho ne ho le bohlokoa. Boemong ba bobeli ba ho khutla, morero bophelong o ne o hatisoa ka ho qobelloa le ho itšepa. Ho lekana bakeng sa ho qobelloa ho ne ho le bohlokoa le mona. Boemong ba boraro, ho lemalla marang-rang ho ne ho ngolisoa ka mefuta eohle ea lintho tse boletsoeng esale pele (ho susumetsoa, ​​ho itšepa, le morero bophelong), 'me ho lekana moelelo oa bophelo ho ne ho le bohlokoa. Karolong ea hoqetela, bokhoba ba marang-rang bo ile ba ngoloa ka ho qobelloa, boitšepo, le morero bophelong, le tšebelisano lipakeng tsa morero bophelong le boitšepo. Haeba ho lekana tšebelisano lipakeng tsa morero bophelong le ho itšepa ho bohlokoa, phetisetso e lekanyelitsoeng e etsahetse [62-66].

Qetellong, polelo ea ho sebelisana e thehiloe ka ho hlaka morero bophelong le ho itšepa ho potoloha mekhoa ea bona e metle, ebe ba e eketsa ho qoba litaba tsa collinearity le nako ea puisano. Litholoana tsa mantlha tsa morero bophelong le boitšepo tse tlalehiloeng ke lintho tse etsahalang. Mekhoa le litlolo tse tloaelehileng tse tlalehiloeng li tsoa mefuteng e sa rutoang [67, 68]. Ka mor'a moo, ho ile ha etsoa makhetlo a mangata a fapaneng. Morero bophelong (phello e ka sehloohong) le boitšepo (phello e ka sehloohong), li ile tsa kenngoa ho block 1 ea tlhahlobo ea khatello nakong ha lebitso la tšebelisano (le bolelang bophelong ba ho itšepa) le ne le kenngoa ho Block 2 ha le bolela esale pele ho lemalla marang-rang. Haeba nako ea tšebelisano e bolela esale pele temallo ea inthanete, phello ea tekano e fumanoe. Ho fetolela phello ea tekano, datha li kentsoe ho equation equation e thehiloeng holimo (1 SD holimo) le litekanyetso tse tlase (1 SD ka tlase) li-moderator le mmuelli. Ntle le moo, patlisiso ea ho sebetsanoa ka mora sebopeho e ile ea etsoa ho sebelisoa lipehelo tse peli tse ncha tsa ts'ebetso (tse phahameng le tse tlase) [69]. Sena se ne se etsoa ho bona hore na matsoapo a phallo ea regression bakeng sa boleng bo phahameng le bo tlase ba tšebelisano a fapana le zero.

Results

Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang

Lethathamo 1 e bonts'a mekhoa, likhohlano tse tloaelehileng, le lihokahanyo lipakeng tsa lintho tse ithutoang. Liphapang tsohle li ne li kopane hantle molemong oa lebelo le lebelletsoeng. Liphetho li bonts'a ts'episo e ntle bakeng sa lipotso tsa YDQ, BIS-11, PIL, le RSE. Hoo e ka bang 7.6% ea sampole e bonahatsang maemo a loketseng a bokhoba ba marang-rang. Litefiso tsena li ka bapisoa, 'me esita le ka holimo ho se ka lebelloang. Phuputso ea morao-rao ea liithuti tsa koleche e bonts'itse hore 74.5% e ne e le basebelisi ba itekanetseng, 24.8% e ne e le lithethefatsi, 'me 0.7% e ne e le lithethefatsi [70]. Mabaka a ho nyoloha ha theko ea lintho ka mefuta eohle ea lintho tse boletsoeng esale pele a kenyellellellelitsoeng ho phallo ea khatello, a fapaneng pakeng tsa 1.0 le 2.2, a bonts'a hore maqhubu a mangata pakeng tsa lintho tse boletsoeng esale pele ha a ka a khetholla sephetho sa rona.

Phallo ea moelelo oa bophelo lipakeng tsa ho qhekelloa le bokhoba ba marang-rang

Lethathamo 2 e bonts'a sephetho sa tlhahlobo ea maikutlo a mararo e arohaneng e lekolang tšibollo ea maikutlo. Mohato oa 1, phello e kholo ea ho se ts'oenyehe ka ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete e hlahisitse (b = -.139, p <.001). Mohato oa 2, phello ea ho se tsotelle moelelo oa bophelo le eona e ne e le bohlokoa (b = -1.403, p <.001). Mohato oa 3, kamora ho kenyelletsa mokena-lipakeng moelelo o fapaneng bophelong joalo ka selelekela mokhoeng oa khatello, litlamorao tsa moelelo bophelong le ho se ts'oenyehe ho lemalloang ke inthanete li bile bohlokoa haholo. Morero bophelong e ne e le mokena-lipakeng oa bohlokoa (△ R² = .606, p <.001) ea mokhatlo lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oenyehe le sephetho se fapaneng. Phello ena ea bohlokoa ea bonamoli e bontšoa ho Setšoantšo sa 2.

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Tafole 2. Kakaretso ea tlhahlobo ea khatello ea maemo a bocha molemong oa bophelo ho hokahanya likamano lipakeng tsa ho qhekelloa le bokhoba ba marang-rang.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0131597.t002

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Mofuta oa 2. Li-coefficients tse emeng hantle bakeng sa litsela kahare ho mofuta oa bobuelli

 

. Phapang e hlalositsoeng: β

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0131597.g002

Tekanyo ea boitšepo le morero bophelong bophelong ba ho lemalla joala marang-rang

Lethathamo 3 e bonts'a boitšepo e le motsamaisi oa tsela ho tloha molemong oa bophelo ho ea ho ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, e ileng ea lekoa ke tlhahlobo ea khatello e sa tsoa buuoa. Re laola lilemo le bong mona, 'me litsela li ngotsoe ka li-coefficients tse tsoang ho equation equations tse sebelisetsoang ho hakanya lintho tse ka boleloang esale pele. Taba ea pele, bokhoba ba marang-rang bo ne bo boletsoe esale pele ka phapang e feto-fetohang le e ikemetseng (β = -.55, p <.001). Kamora moo, moelelo oa bophelo o ile oa boleloa esale pele ka ho se ts'oenyehe le ho itšepa (β = -.56, p <.001). Joale, bokhoba ba inthanete bo ne bo boletsoe esale pele ka ho se ts'oenyehe, ho itšepa le ho ba le morero bophelong (β = -.46, p <.001). Kamora nako, bokhoba ba inthanete bo ne bo boletsoe esale pele ke mefuta e fetotsoeng, moelelo bophelong, boitšepo le moelelo bophelong * boitšepo (β = -.25, p <.001). Boleng ba R-square bo fetohile ka lebaka la kenyelletso ea nako ea tšebelisano ha ho hlahlojoa (△ R² ≤ .05). Matla a tšebelisano a bohlokoa a tšehelitse mohopolo oa rona oa tšubuhlellano e fetotsoeng.

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Tafole 3. Tšusumetso e matla ea ho itšepa ho kamano e pakeng tsa morero bophelong le bokhoba ba marang-rang.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0131597.t003

Morero bophelong le boitšepo e le lintlha tsa synergistic

Kaha ho ne ho e-na le tšebelisano lipakeng tsa morero bophelong le ho itšepa ho latela monyetla oa motho ea lemaletseng marang-rang, ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo ea post-hoc mme ea rera [68, 71]. Setšoantšo sa 3 e bonts'a sephetho sa litlhahlobo tsena. Ha moelelo oa bophelo o ntse o eketseha, temallo ea inthanete e ile ea fokotseha. Ho hlakile ho tloha litekanyetso tsa beta bakeng sa boemo ba mantlha hore ho bolela bophelong ho boletsoe esale pele lintlha tsa ho lemalla marang-rang bakeng sa barupeluoa maemong a mabeli a tlase a ho itšepa le maemo a phahameng a ho itšepa. Leha ho le joalo, kamano pakeng tsa morero bophelong le bokhoba ba marang-rang e ne e le matla ho ba itšepa haholoanyane ho feta ho ba itšepisang haholo. Ha morero bophelong o le tlase, ho itšepa ho tlase ho na le phello e kholo ho lemaletseng marang-rang. Liphetho tse tsoang ho patlo ea post-hoc e bonts'a hore methapo ea litheko tse phahameng le tse tlase tsa mookameli e ne e fapane haholo le zero, e ts'ehetsa ho feta tekano.

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Mofuta oa 3. Likaelo tsa khatello bakeng sa likamano lipakeng tsa morero bophelong le bokhoba ba marang-rang joalo ka ha motho a itšepa.

 

(poelano ea tsela ea 2). b = coeffanele e sa elelloeng (ka mohlala, letsoalo le bonolo); SD = ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0131597.g003

Puisano

Liphetho tsa thuto e teng hona joale li senola kamano lipakeng tsa tse fapaneng tse 'maloa. Kamano e le 'ngoe e joalo ke phello e tobileng ea ho se ts'oenyehe ho lemaletseng marang-rang. Seo re se fumaneng se tsamaisana le lithuto tse 'maloa tse bonts'ang hore batho ba nang le tšusumetso e phahameng haholo ba khona ho sebelisa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e sa tsitsang [15, 72].

Patlisiso e teng hona joale e ts'ehelitse hore litlamorao tsa ho lemalla ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete li kopantsoe le morero bophelong. Karohano ea karohanyo joaloka e fumanoang mona e tloaelehile ebile e amoheloa mahlaleng a boitšoaro, kaha bobuelli bo felletseng ha bo fumanehe hangata sebakeng sena sa marang-rang. Ho na le tšehetso ea mohopolo bakeng sa khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, maemo a tlase bakeng sa ho itaola le tšebelisano-mmoho ea mekhoa e metle ea boitšoaro bo fetelletseng. Sebopeho sa kamano lipakeng tsa ho susumetsoa, ​​moelelo bophelong, le bokhoba ba marang-rang li rarahane. Moelelo o amoheloa e le tšusumetso ea motho ea bohareng [73], 'me ho phela bophelo bo nang le morero ho tsamaisana le ts'ebetso e ntle [74]. Mohlala, morero bophelong o bolela esale pele hore o tla hlaphoheloa maikutlong ho tloha kelellong e mpe [75]. Leha ho le joalo, moelelo bophelong e ka ba o tebileng haholo joalo ka tšireletso.

Baithuti ba koleche ba maemong a mantlha a bophelo bo tsepamisitsoeng molemong oa ho batla morero le ho itlhahisa.76]. Ho fumana morero bophelong ke bothata bo boholo ho baithuti bana ba ntseng ba hola hanyane kelellong le maikutlong. Baithuti ba neng ba ntse ba etsa tlhahlobo ea koleche ba fumane phetoho e ntle ea bophelo mme ba fumana morero o moholo bophelong ba univesithi [77]. Le ha ho le joalo, ba nang le taolo e fokolang le morero bophelong ba ka ba kotsing ea ho ba le mathata a boitšoaro.

Har'a mefuta e mengata ea maikutlo a fapaneng, re ile ra khetha ho itšepa le ho tseba bophelo bophelong ba rona ka mabaka a bohlokoa. Taba ea pele, morero bophelong ke maikutlo a amanang le tikoloho e kantle, ha boitšepo e le boitlhahlobo bo ikemetseng ba kahare. Boikakaso ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso efe kapa efe ea ho intlafatsa kapa ea ho ntlafatsa. Ho feta moo, batho ba itšepisang ho tlōla ba na le tšobotsi eo ka bo eona e ba thusang ho hanela boitšoaro bo bobe. Motho ea nang le matla ana a tlatselletsang e ka ba tšireletso ka ho fetisisa ho tsoa bokhobeng ba marang-rang. Taba ea bobeli, ho itšepa ha ho ame melao ea rona feela, empa maikutlo le liketso tsa rona maemong a fapaneng [78]. Le ha moelelo o tlameha ho ipapisa le liphihlelo tsa motho tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, re fana ka maikutlo a hore ho itšepa ho hoholo ho ka fokotsa mohopolo le morero bophelong.

Leha ho le joalo, ho boetse hoa hlokahala ho utloisisa lintlha tse ling moo boitšoaro bo sa lokang bo hlahang nakong ena e matla ea ntlafatso. Tsela ea boitšepo e amohetse tlhokomelo e ngata le tšehetso e sa fetoheng ea matla. Mosebetsi oa pele o fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba itšepisang ho na le monyetla oa ho khetholloa e le bokhoba ba marang-rang [79]. Batho ba kotsing e kholo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang ba na le ho jeoa ke bolutu le boithabiso le litšobotsi tse ling tsa kelello tse kang ho itšehla thajana le mathata a boitsebahatso. Ho itšepa ho lumellana hantle le molao-motheo oa tsoelopele oa ntlafatso ea botho hobane tšebeliso ea boitšepo e eketseha le lilemo [37].

Ka kholo ea kholo ea kelello, maikutlo a bophelo le boitšepo li fumane tlhokomelo e kholo [51, 80]. Li ka fana ka melemo ea ho loantsana le ho lemalla bokhoba ba inthanete. Ho ithuta ka lintlha tse etsahalang tse sireletsang ho fana ka leseli le pharalletseng la hore na ntlha e le 'ngoe e fetola phello ea e mong joang boits'oarong bo itseng. Mabaka a kotsi le a ts'ireletso a amana, empa ha a fetole [81]. Re fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba ka qoba ho lemalla ts'ebeliso ea inthanete ka lintho tse ba thusang hore ba lule ba tiile. Kaha moelelo bophelong le boitšepo li ka ntlafatsoa ho psychotherapy e ntle [82, 83], re hlahisa thuto ena e le mohlala oa ho hlalosa bahoebi le baemeli ba ka 'nang ba sebetsa hammoho ho thibela tšebeliso e mpe ea inthanete. Seo re se fumaneng se boetse se fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le matla a mantlha a matla ka bobeli ba bontšitse ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha lithethefatsi tsa inthanete le balekane ba bona ntle le matla ana a kopaneng.

Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, liphetho tse tlalehiloeng mona li bolela hore morero bophelong le boitšepo li fana ka tšireletso e matla khahlanong le bokhoba ba marang-rang. Liphumano tsa rona li holisa patlisiso e fetileng ka ho hlahloba li-buffers tse ling tsa tlhabollo ea kelello khahlanong le bokhoba ba marang-rang, joalo ka bokhoni boo re bo utloang sechabeng [84]. Ho tsebo ea rona, thuto ena ke ea pele ea ho hlahloba hore na bophelo bo na le morero joang ha bo sebetsa le bokhobeng ba marang-rang. Leha ho na le bopaki ba kamano e sa lumellaneng lipakeng tsa boitšepo le bokhoba ba marang-rang, moelelo bophelong bo boletsoe esale pele hore ke lekhoba la marang-rang le kopaneng le maemo a phahameng a boitšepo. Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ka botlalo pele [81], liphumano tsena li bonts'a bohlokoa ba ho latela matla a kelello ka kopanelo, ho fapana le ho ts'epa moporofeta a le mong.

Lithuto tsa rona li na le matla a 'maloa. Liphumano tse tlalehiloeng mona li fana ka bopaki ba hore bophelo bo na le morero e le sesole sa tšireletso litlamong tsa inthanete. Seo re se fumaneng se fana ka tšehetso ea pele bakeng sa matla a mabeli a kelello a sebetsang ho tandem. Mefuta e mene ea lipatlisiso e hokahane le likarolo tse ngata tsa batho ba bang lingoloeng tse fumanehang. Ha ho susumetsoa ho ka 'na ha se fokotsehe haholo ke kalafo ea kelello, moelelo le bophelo, le boitšepo ba ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a kelello ho ka ba le katleho e fetang ea ho fokotsa boits'oaro bo bobebe. Boithuto bona bo kenya letsoho ho lingolo tse fapaneng, ho holisa thuto ea kelello, botho, psychology ea bongaka, le kelello.

Boithuto bona bo na le meeli. Ka lebaka la hore moralo o sekhahla ebile o lumellana, o na le thuso molemong oa ho khetholla causality. Ntle le moo, tlhaiso-leseling eo re itlalehileng ka eona e kanna ea se ke ea tšepahala, kaha e tlisoa ke leeme. Hobane tlhahlobo ea rona e ne e sa laoletse baphethahatsi ba semelo ba maleba, re ke ke ra tseba hore na litholoana tsa rona li lumellana hantle hakae le lihlopha tse ling. Patlisiso e tlang ea lipotso tse tšoanang u sebelisa moralo oa tlhahlobo le mehlala e sa sebetseng e ne e tla rarolla meeli e sa tsoa botsoa. Qetellong, liphetho tsa rona li amana le morero bophelong le boitšepo e le lintho tse re sirelletsang khahlano le ts'ebetso e akaretsang ea bokhoba ba marang-rang. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang ea ho sheba litšobotsi tse eketsehileng tsa botho e le lintlha tse sirelletsang e ka hlahisa leseli le felletseng la ho lekola mefuta e meng e fapaneng ea boits'oaro kapa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi.

Nahanisisa

Qetellong ea sephetho, liphetho tsa thuto ena li tšehetsa mohlala o lekanyelitsoeng oa tlhahlobo ea maikutlo a hlalositsoeng a susumetsang tšebeliso ea inthanete. Tlhahlobo ea maikutlo e senotse tšusumetso e matla e sa tobang ea ho ts'oenyeha ho lemalla ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang. Morero bophelong le ho itšepa ho ka ba mokhoa o nepahetseng khahlanong le bokhoba ba marang-rang bakeng sa batho ba kotsing e potlakileng. Patlisiso ena e ts'ehetsa ts'ebeliso ea ho hlahloba mekgwa ea phapang e le 'ngoe e ka tsamaisang kamano lipakeng tsa ho qhekelloa le bokhoba ba marang-rang.

Ho tšehetsa Boitsebiso

Menehelo ea Mongoli

O tseba le ho rala liteko: SLM YZ. O entse liteko: YZ HYD. Hlahloba data: JML JXC. Ngola pampiri: YZ SLM LL. Lipotso tse bokelletsoeng: YZ.

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