I-Cambridge University: Ukuhlola kwe-Brain ukuthola ubufakazi obuhambisana nokulutha

QAPHELA: Ikhishwe. Bona - I-Cambridge University: Ukuhlola kwe-Brain thola ukulutha kwe-porn.

Ukulutha ngokwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuholela ekusebenzeni okufanayo kobuchopho njengokudakwa ngokweqile noma ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, imibukiso yocwaningo

Ososayensi baseCambridge University baveza izinguquko ebuchosheni zabasebenzisi be-porn abaphoqelela ezingenzeki kulabo abangenayo imikhuba enjalo

Abantu abanomlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile babonisa umsebenzi ofanayo wobuchopho ezidakwa noma izidakamizwa, isifundo sevezile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI yezifundo zokuhlolwa ezivumile ekusebenziseni izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kubonise ukuthi izikhungo zokuvuza zobuchopho zenzakala lapho zibona izinto ezicacile ngendlela efanayo nokuphuza utshwala ekuboneni isikhangiso sokuphuza.

Ucwaningo lweCambridge University luhlolisise umsebenzi wobungqingili be-19 abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziluthayo ngokumelene neqembu lokulawula labantu abathi bangewona abasebenzisi abacindezelayo.

Usosayensi oholayo UDkt. Valerie Voon, ongumxhumanisi we-neuropsychiatrist ohloniphekile, utshele iphephandaba i-Sunday Times: "Sithole umsebenzi omkhulu endaweni yobuchopho okuthiwa yi-ventral striatum, eyisikhungo somvuzo, esihilelekile ekusebenzeni umvuzo, ukugqugquzela nokuzijabulisa.

"Uma umuntu ophuza utshwala ebona isikhangiso sokuphuza, ubuchopho bakhe buzovulwa ngendlela ethile futhi zizovuselelwa ngendlela ethile. Sibona lolu hlobo lomsebenzi kubasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. "

Ucwaningo alukakushicilelwa, kodwa luzofakwa kwidokhumenti ye-Channel 4 ebizwa ngokuthi i-Porn on the Brain, ehamba nge-at 10pm ngoMsombuluko 30 September. [Ungazama bukele lapha - uxwayiswe, iqukethe izigcawu ezimbalwa zemifanekiso]

Lokhu okutholakele, okuhambisana nemibiko yakamuva kodwa engaqinisekisiwe e-US yokuthi ukulutha kabi kocansi akuhlukile ekuluthweni ngamakhemikhali noma izidakamizwa, kuzobhekwa njengengxabano evuna iziphakamiso zikaDavid Cameron zokunciphisa ukufinyelela kwamanye amawebhusayithi wezocansi. …….

Bona le ndatshana yobude obugcwele ku-Channel 4 documentary & Study Cambridge:

I-Commentary:

Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise ukucubungula kabusha kwe-porn futhi kuqhathanise imiphumela neqembu elilawulayo. Ithole ukuthi "isikhungo semiklomelo" semilutha yezithombe zocansi sikhanyise ngendlela ebesingakhanyisa ngayo uma imilutha yezidakamizwa ibheka imikhondo yezidakamizwa. Yini eyenza lokhu kube isifundo esenziwe kahle kangaka?

  1. ICambridge isebenzise i-MRI (ukuskena ebuchosheni) ukukala umsebenzi wesikhathi sangempela we- "isikhungo" somvuzo (i-nucleus accumbens).
  2. Izihloko zokuhlolwa ze-19 ziyizinsikazi zobulili obuhlukile kusukela ku-19-34 (okukhulumisana nesayensi).
  3. Amadoda e-19 aziwa njengezigqila ze-porn futhi abe nenkinga yokulawula ukusetshenziswa kocansi.
  4. Ucwaningo lusetshenziswa iqembu lokulawula le-19 elifanisiwe nabesilisa abaneminyaka efanayo.
  5. Kokubili "imilutha yezocansi" kanye nezilawuli kuboniswe isikhuthazi esifanayo "okungukuthi, okufana nokudansa okuvusa inkanuko), hhayi izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingafani.
  6. Ekuhloleni "isifiso sobulili" iVoon ithole ukuthi imilutha yezocansi ayifani nezilawuli.

Ucwaningo olungenhla luphikisana nezicelo ezenziwe yamuva ngu-UCLA sexologist kanye noGeorge Kinsey Institute oqedile uNicole Prause kuye I-media blitz isekelwe on a Ucwaningo olwenziwe kabi, oluhloliswe ngobuqili (Julayi 2013). Ngiqhathanisa lezi zifundo ezimbili ukuze ngigqamise iqiniso lokuthi lezi akuzona "izifundo ezincintisanayo." Ucwaningo lweCambridge luphakeme kakhulu ekwakhiweni, futhi luyahambisana kuzo zombili izindlela kanye nokutholakele ngezifundo eziningi ngokulutha kwe-Intanethi nokudlala ividiyo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isifundo sePrause yenza isimangalo esingasekelwa ukuthi umlutha wezocansi (noma umlutha wezocansi) empeleni "kuyisifiso sobulili esiphezulu" kuphela.

Ngaphambi kokuba siqhathanise futhi siqhathanise nezifundo ze-Prause kanye neCambridge, Kumelwe kuboniswe ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Prause kwathola ukuphakama okuphakeme (Ukufundwa kwe-EEGlapho izihloko zibuka izithombe ezivusa inkanuko. Nakhu okushaqisayo: U-Prause uchaze isifundo sakhe njengo hhayi ukuthola ukuvuswa kwezithombe zocansi. Kusuka le ngxoxo ye-Psychology Today:

Ukudumisa: "Isizathu esenza lokhu kutholakale kube yinselelo ukuthi kukhombisa ukuthi ubuchopho babo abuzange buphendule ezithombeni njengabanye abayimilutha yezidakamizwa zabo. ”

In le ngxoxo ye-TV:

I-Reporter: "Bakhonjiswe izithombe ezahlukahlukene ezivusa inkanuko, kanye nokuqashwa kobuchopho babo."

Ukudumisa: “Uma ucabanga ukuthi izinkinga zocansi zingumlutha, besingalindela ukubona impendulo ezithuthukisiwe, mhlawumbe, kulezo zithombe zocansi. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kuyinkinga yokungafisi, besizolindela ukubona izimpendulo ezinciphile kulezo zithombe zocansi. Futhi ukuthi asibubonanga obunye balobo budlelwane kusikisela ukuthi akukho ukuxhaswa okukhulu ekubhekeni kulezi zinkinga zokuziphatha ngokocansi njengomlutha. ”

Eqinisweni, ukufundwa kwe-EEG (P300) ephakeme izithombe ezingcolile kunezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi. Ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme yezithombe ezingcolile yilokho okwakulindeleke iyiphi isibukeli, futhi ngokuqinisekile kungalindelwa kumuntu onomlutha – njengoba nje ukufundwa okuphezulu kwe-EEG kwenzeka lapho imilutha yezidakamizwa ibheka imikhondo yezidakamizwa (njengomlutha we-crack obona isithombe sepayipi le-crack). Isimangalo sokuthi - “ubuchopho babo abuphendulanga emifanekisweni efana nezinye izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa zabo zokulutha”- akulona neze iqiniso.

Ukuphawula ngaphansi kwengxoxo ye-Psychology Today, uprofesa wezingqondo John A. Johnson Wathi:

Ingqondo yami isaqhubeka nokubanga isimangalo sePrause sokuthi ubuchopho babafundi bakhe abuzange buphendule ezithombeni zocansi ezinjengobuchopho bezidakamizwa eziluthayo buphendula kumuthi wabo, uma kubikwa ukuthi ubika ukufundwa okuphezulu kwe-P300 kwezithombe zocansi. Njengemilutha ekhombisa ama-P300 spikes lapho ihanjiswa nomuthi wayo wokuzikhethela. Angasithola kanjani isiphetho esiphikisana nemiphumela yangempela? Ngicabanga ukuthi kungenziwa emibonweni yakhe yangaphambilini – lokho abelindele ukukuthola.

Lesi yisibonelo esisodwa ukuthi u-Prause wenza kanjani imiphumela yakhe. Ungafunda ukuhlaziywa kwethu kokutadisha kwakhe lapha: Akukho lutho oluhambisana nokungenalutho esifundweni esisha se-SPAN Lab (2013). U-Prause wachaza ukuthi ukutadisha kwakhe kungaphindwa yizakwabo.

Ukudumisa: "Uma isifundo sethu siyenziwa, lokhu okutholakele kungabonisa inselelo enkulu emibonweni ekhona yezocansi" ukuluthwa."

U-Prause ngesibindi uthi okutholakele kwakhe kulesi sifundo esisodwa yikho konke okudingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe umqondo wobulili noma ukulutha kocansi. Silindele ukuthi iPrause izoqhubeka nokuphindaphinda okutholakele okusolwayo, kepha ukuphindaphindwa kwesifundo esinamaphutha kumane nje kulingana nezifundo ezinamaphutha, hhayi ukusekelwa okwengeziwe komphumela wakhe owufunayo.

Ukuqhathaniswa nokutadisha nge-Prause nocwaningo lweCambridge:

Isimangalo esisemthethweni sikaPrause kuphela ukuthi utholile akukho ukuhlobana phakathi kwama-questionnaire izikolo (ikakhulukazi i Ukunyanzeliswa ngokocansi) kanye nokufundwa kwe-EEG (P300). Sibheka ukuthi kungani engatholanga ukuxhumana lapha.

1) Ukucwaninga kweCambridge kusetshenziselwa ukucutshungulwa kobuchopho (fMRI) ukuhlola umsebenzi wesikhungo sokuvuza (ventral striatum), lapho ukuphendulwa kwemizwa kwenzeka khona ngendlela yama-spopes e-dopamine. Le nqubo isungulwe kahle futhi isetshenziselwe inqwaba yokulutha kwe-Inthanethi nezinye izifundo zokulutha izidakamizwa.

  • Ngokuphambene nalokho, uPrause walinganisa ama-EEG, ahlola kuphela umsebenzi kagesi we-cerebral cortex, futhi avulekele ukutolikwa okuhluke kakhulu. Ama-EEG akhombisa kuphela izimo zokuvuka, hhayi ukuvulwa kwesikhungo semivuzo. Ngamanye amagama, ukufundwa okuphezulu kwe-EEG (P300) "kungavusa" ngenxa yokwesaba noma ukunengeka, hhayi ukuthokozela ngokocansi.

2) Ucwaningo lweCambridge lwalusebenzisa iqembu lezinhlobonhlobo zezihloko: abasha, abesilisa abangasithandani nabobulili abazitholayo njengezigqila zobulili ezingcolile.

3) Ucwaningo lweCambridge luhlolisise ubuchopho obudala nobulili obuhambisana nezilawuli ezingempilo, ezingezona umlutha.

  • Isifundo se-Prause sasinaso iqembu lokulawula. Kuze kube yilolu suku, uNdunankulu akawazi ukuthi yiziphi izifundo ezijwayelekile ze-EEG ezizobe ziqondene nezikhonzi zakhe, kodwa wenza izicelo ezifinyelela phezulu kulo lonke ucwaningo ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uhlukanisa umqondo wokulutha ubulili. Akungakholeki.