Ukuziphatha Ngokweqile Ngokuya Ngokocansi njengendlela Yokuziphatha Ngokweqile: Impembelelo Ye-Intanethi Nezinye Izinkinga. Mark Griffiths PhD., (2016)

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IZIMPENDULO: Lokhu kuhlaziywa kukaMark Griffiths "Kufanele ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile kuthathwe njengesiyaluyalu? (I-2016)”NguKraus, Voon & Potenza. Amaphuzu abalulekile kaGriffiths afaka:

  1. Ukugcizelelwa okudinga ukufakwa esikhundleni se-intanethi ku-CSB. (I-YBOP ikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ukubheja kocansi kwe-Intanethi kumele kuhlukaniswe “nokulutha ngokocansi.")
  2. I-intanethi ikhuthaza ukuziphatha kocansi ukuthi umuntu akasoze acabange ukuhlanganyela ungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi. (Abantu abahlakulela ukubheja ngocansi e-inthanethi namhlanje ngeke bevame ukulala nezidakamizwa ngaphambi kwe-intanethi ephezulu.)
  3. Ubufakazi bokuxilonga ngokobulili / ukuxilongwa kwe-hypersexual kuhambisana ne-Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), nokho i-IGD ifakwe ku-DSM-5 (isigaba 3) ngenkathi ukulutha kobulili kukhishiwe. (I-YBOP ibheka lokhu njengesinqumo sezombusazwe, hhayi esisodwa esekelwe kwisayensi.)
  4. Ukulutha kocansi kugcinwe ngaphandle kwe-DSM ngoba umphakathi ulinganisa nabamhlonishwa bephrofayli ephezulu abasebenzisa ilebula ukuze baqinisekise ukuziphatha kwabo. (Futhi, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlukanisa umlutha wezocansi ekugqilazweni kocansi.)
  5. UGriffiths ukholelwa ukuthi, njengoba kwenza i-YBOP, ukuthi, "ubufakazi bemitholampilo obuvela kulabo abasiza futhi belaphe abantu abanjalo kumele banikezwe ukwethenjwa okukhulu ngumphakathi wezifo zengqondo" [okungukuthi, yi-DSM ne-WHO].

UMark D. Griffiths

  • Division Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
  • Imeyili: UMark D. Griffiths ([i-imeyili ivikelwe])

Isihloko sokuqala eshicilelwe ku-inthanethi 2 MAR 2016 DOI: 10.1111 / engeza.13315

© 2016 Society for the Study of Umlutha

Amagama angukhiye: Umlutha wokuziphatha; ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokocansi; ukulala ngokweqile; ukuziphatha ngokocansi okuxhunyiwe; ukubheja ngokocansi

Inkinga yokuxilonga ngokocansi njengendlela yokulutha ukuziphatha ephikisana kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunobuso obuncane bokubukeka kokungalingani kokuziphatha okuhlangene, futhi Ukugcizelelwa okudinga kakhulu kwizimpawu ze-intanethi njengoba lokhu kungenza kube lula ukuziphatha ngokobulili.

Ukubuyekezwa nguKraus nozakwabo [1] ukuhlola ubufakazi obuhle bokufakaza ukuziphatha okucindezelayo ngokobulili (CSB) njengendlela yokuziphatha ngokweqile (okungukuthi okungewona imithi) kuphakamisa izinkinga eziningi ezibalulekile futhi kugcizelela izinkinga eziningi endaweni, kuhlanganise nezinkinga ekuchazeni i-CSB, nokuntuleka kwedatha eqinile kusuka emibono eminingi ehlukene (epidemiological, longitudinal, neuropsychological, neurobiological, genetic, njll). Ngenze ucwaningo olwenziwe ngamakhompiyutha ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokulutha (ukugembula, ukudlala ividiyo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi, ukuzivocavoca, ubulili, umsebenzi, njll.) Futhi uye waphikisana ngokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zokuziphatha kocansi ezinenkinga zingabalwa njengezigqila zocansi, kuye ngokuthi incazelo yokulutha okusetshenziswayo [2-5].

Noma kunjalo, kunezindawo eKraus et alephepheni elikhulunywe ngokufushane ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okubalulekile. Isibonelo, esigabeni sokubambisana kwe-psychopathology kanye ne-CSB, kubhekiselwa ekutheni ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-4-20% yabantu abane-CSB nayo ibonisa ukuziphatha kokugembula okuphazamisekile. Ukubuyekeza okuphelele [5] ukuhlola izindlela zokuziphatha ezihlukene eziyi-11 ezingaba umlutha kuphinde kwagqamisa nezifundo ezithi ukulutha ngokocansi kungahle kwenzeke ngokubhebhetheka kokuzivocavoca umzimba (8-12%), ukulutha emsebenzini (28-34%) nokulutha kwezitolo (5-31%). Ngenkathi kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu abe umlutha (ngokwesibonelo) i-cocaine kanye nezocansi ngasikhathi sinye (ngoba zombili izindlela zokuziphatha zingenziwa ngasikhathi sinye), kuncane okusemthethweni kobuso ukuthi umuntu angaba nezidakamizwa zokuziphatha ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ngokweqiniso ukulutha kokuziphatha kudla isikhathi esiningi nsuku zonke. Owami umbono ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ngomuntu ukuba abe umlutha wangempela (ngokwesibonelo) kokusebenza nocansi (ngaphandle kokuthi umsebenzi womuntu wawunjengomlingisi / umlingisi embonini yamafilimu ezocansi).

Ikhasi likaKraus et al. futhi kwenza izinkomba eziningi 'zokuziphatha ngokweqile / eziyinkimbinkimbi zobulili' futhi kubonakala sengathi zenza ukucabanga ukuthi ukuziphatha okudlulele kuyingozi (ie inkinga). Ngenkathi i-CSB ivame ngokweqile, ubulili obukhulu ngokweqile akuyona inkinga. Ukukhathazeka nganoma yikuphi ukuziphatha ngokuphathelene nokulutha umlutha kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqaphele umongo wokuziphatha, njengoba lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuchazeni ukuziphatha komlutha kunani lomsebenzi owenziwe. Njengoba ngiphikisana, umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kokushisekela okunomthelela ngokweqile nokulutha komzimba ukuthi ukushisekela okunempilo ngokweqile kwenezela empilweni, kanti izidakamizwa zisusa kubo [6]. Leli phephandaba libonakala likhona nokucatshangelwa okucatshangwayo ukuthi ucwaningo lwezobuciko oluvela enkulumweni ye-neurobiological / zofuzo kufanele luphathwe ngokungathí sina kunomqondo ongokwengqondo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuziphatha kocansi okucindezelayo kuchazwa njenge-CSB, ukubheja kocansi kanye / noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-hypersexual, kunezinkulungwane zezazi eziphathelene nokucabanga kwengqondo emhlabeni wonke ophatha izifo ezinjalo [7]. Ngenxa yalokho, ubufakazi bokutholwa kwalabo abasiza futhi baphathe abantu abanjalo kufanele banikezwe kabanzi ngokwentando yomphakathi.

Ngokusobala ukuthuthukiswa okubaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni we-CSB kanye nokulutha kobulili ukuthi i-intanethi ishintsha kanjani futhi yenza lula i-CSB [2, 8, 9]. Lokhu akuzange kukhulunywe ngakho kuze kube yisigaba sokugcina, kepha ucwaningo lokulutha ngokocansi online (ngenkathi kuqukethe isisekelo esincane sezobuciko) selokhu kwaba khona kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, kufaka phakathi osayizi besampula ababafika cishe ku-10 000 abantu [10-17]. Eqinisweni, kuye kwaba nokubuyekezwa kwamuva kwedatha yemibhalo ephathelene nokulutha kocansi kanye nokwelashwa kwe-intanethi [4, 5]. Lezi zichazwe izici eziningi eziqondile ze-intanethi ezingase zenze futhi zivuselele ukuthambekela kokulutha ngokuphathelene nokuziphatha ngokobulili (ukufinyeleleka, ukukwazi ukukwazi ukukwazi, ukungaziwa, ukuhamba kahle, ukuphunyuka, ukuvimbela ukuvimbela, nokunye). I-intanethi ingase iphinde ihambise ukuziphatha okungekho muntu ongasoze acabange ukuhlanganyela ungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi (isb. Ukuxhunywa kwe-cybersexual stalking) [2, 18].

Okokugcina, kunenkinga yokuthi kungani i-Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) ifakiwe ku-DSM-5 (Isigaba 3) kodwa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi / ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili kwakungekho, yize noma isisekelo sokuthi umlutha wezocansi uhambisane ne-IGD. Esinye sezizathu kungenzeka ukuthi igama elithi 'ukubheja ngocansi' lisetshenziswa njalo (futhi lisetshenziselwa kabi) izigameko eziphezulu kakhulu njengesizathu sokuqinisekisa ukungathembeki futhi akuyona nje 'isenzo sokusebenza' [19]. Isibonelo, abanye abadumile baye bathi ukulimala kokuya ocansini emva komkabo bathola ukuthi babe nobuhlobo bobulili obukhulu phakathi komshado wabo. Uma omkabo bengakatholanga, ngingabazi ukuthi ngabe abantu abanjalo babezisho yini ukuthi babeyisigqila kwezocansi. Ngizophikisana ngokuthi abadumile abaningi basesimweni lapho baqhutshwa khona ngokuthuthukiswa ngokobulili kubantu ngabanye futhi baye banqotshwa; kodwa bangaki abantu abangenakukwenza into efanayo uma benethuba? Ubulili buba yinkinga kuphela (futhi luphethwe amandla) uma umuntu etholakala engathembeki. Izibonelo ezinjalo zinikeza ukulutha kocansi 'igama elibi', futhi linikeza isizathu esihle kulabo abangafuni ukufaka ukuziphatha okunjalo ematheksthi ekuhlola ngengqondo.

Isimemezelo sezintshisekelo

Umlobi akatholanga ukuxhaswa ngezimali okuqondene nalo msebenzi. Kodwa-ke, umbhali uthole imali yezinhlelo eziningi zocwaningo
indawo yokufundisa ukugembula kwentsha, imithwalo yemfanelo yomphakathi ekubhejeni nasekubhejeni ukugembula kusuka eMthwalweni Wezokugembula I-Gambling Trust, inhlangano ezuzisayo exhasa uhlelo lwayo locwaningo olusekelwe eminikelweni evela embonini yokugembula. Umlobi naye wenza izinhlangano zezinkampani ezehlukene zokudlala endaweni yokugembula komphakathi.

Okubhekwayo

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2 - Griffiths MD Ubulili kwi-intanethi: ukubonwa kanye nemiphumela yokulutha kocansi. J Sex Res 2001; 38: 333-42.

3 - Griffiths MD Ukulutha kobulili e-intanethi: ukubuyekezwa kocwaningo lwezobuciko. I-Addict Res Theory 2012; 20: 111-24.

4 - Dhuffar M., Griffiths MD Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kokulutha kobulili kwe-intanethi kanye nokwelashwa kokwelashwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-CONSORT. I-Curr Addict Rep 2015; 2: 163-74.

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10 - Cooper A., I-Delmonico DL, Burg R. Abasebenzisi be-Cybersex, abahlukumezi, nabaqashi: ukutholakala okusha kanye nemiphumela. Ukubheja kocansi Ukuphoqeleka 2000; 6: 79-104.

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