IZIMPENDULO: Lolu cwaningo lokuthwebula ubuchopho luyangezwa uhlu lwethu lwezifundo ze-neurological eziluthweni lwezocansi nabasebenzisi be-porn. Lolu cwaningo lwe-fMRI luqhathanise izilonda zocansi ezihlolwe ngokucophelela ("okuyinkinga yokuziphatha kwe-hypersexual") ezifundweni zokulawula okunempilo. Izilonda zocansi zinciphise izinto ezimpunga kuma-lobes wesikhashana - izifunda ababhali abathi zihlotshaniswa nokuvimbela izinkanuko zobulili:
Emiphumeleni ye-VBM, ivolumu ye-gyrus yesikhashana yatholakala kubantu abane-PHB ngokuqhathaniswa nezilawuli ezinempilo. Ikakhulu, ivolumu yendaba engwevu ku-STG yesobunxele yayihlotshaniswa kabi nobunzima be-PHB. Ukususwa kwe-lobes yesikhashana kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuholele ekuqhubekeni kobandlululo ngokobulili (Baird et al., 2002). Ucwaningo olususelwa emcabangweni we-Task olwenzelwe ukuvusa inkanuko yezocansi luye lwabhala nobudlelwano phakathi kwezifunda zesikhashana ezingasebenzi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezivuselela ubulili (Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Lezi zifundo ziveza ukuthi izifunda zesikhashana zihlobene nokuvinjelwa kwethoni yokuthuthuka kokuvuseleleka ngokobulili nokuthi ukudlulela kwalokhu kuvimbela okuvela ngenxa yomonakalo noma ukungasebenzi kwe-lobes yesikhashana kungaholela ekutheni kube ne-hypersexuality enkulu (Baird et al., 2002; Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Sithe ivolumu yokwehliswa kwengwevu ku-gypus yesikhashana kungenzeka ibe nomthelela ekwandeni kocansi kumuntu one-PHB
Ucwaningo luphinde lwabika ukuxhumana okumpofu kokusebenza phakathi kwe-gyrus ephakeme yesokunxele ephezulu (STG) kanye ne-caudate efanele. UKuhn & Gallnat, 2014 babike ukutholwa okufanayo:Ukuxhumeka kokusebenza kwe-caudate yesokudla kwesobunxele sangaphambi kwangaphansi kwe-dorsolateral kuhlotshaniswe ngokungafanele namahora wokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile“. Ukutholakala kwalolu cwaningo:
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezifundo ezinempilo, abantu abane-PHB bakwehlise kakhulu ukuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-STG ne-caudate nucleus. Ukuxhunyaniswa okungekuhle kwabonwa futhi phakathi kobunzima be-PHB nokuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwalezi zindawo. I-anatomically, i-STG inokuxhumana okuqondile ne-caudate nucleus (i-Yeterian nePandya, i-1998). I-caudate nucleus eyisisekelo esiyinhloko se-striatum, futhi ibalulekile ekufundeni kokuziphatha okusekwe emvuzweni, kuhlangene nokuthokozela kanye nogqozi, futhi kuhlobene nokugcinwa komlutha
Imilutha yezocansi ibuye ikhombise ukuncishiswa kwe-precuneus ekuxhumekeni kwesikhashana kwe-cortex. Leli phepha liyachaza:
Ucwaningo oluningi lubike ukuthi i-precuneus yesobunxele ibambe iqhaza ekuhlanganiseni kolwazi kusuka ezinhlakeni ezahlukene zemizwa, futhi idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekushintsheni kokunaka nokuzinaka (Cavanna and Trimble, 2006; Simon et al., 2002). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo zokulutha ziye zabika ukuthi ababambiqhaza abanomlutha banezinkinga ngokushintshwa kokunakwa, nokuthi lesi sici sokuziphatha sihlobene nokuguqulwa okuguquliwe kwe-precuneus (Dong et al., 2014; Courtney et al., 2014). Njengoba kunikezwe indima ye-precuneus, imiphumela yethu inikeza ubufakazi bendima engaba khona ye-precuneus ku-PHB, ngoba ingahle ihlobane nokulimala okusebenzayo ekushintsheni kokunaka.
Ababhali bachaza ukubaluleka kwezimo ezimbili zokuxhumana eziguquliwe ezisebenzayo:
Ukuxhumana okuphansi phakathi kwe-caudate nucleus kanye ne-STG etholakala ocwaningweni lwamanje kungaba nemiphumela yokushoda okusebenzayo njengokulethwa komvuzo kanye nokulindela ku-PHB (Seok noSohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014). Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ukusilela kokuhleleka ku-temprize gyrus kanye nokuxhumana okuguquliwe okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-gritus yesikhashana kanye nezindawo ezithile (ie, i-precuneus ne-caudate) kungahle kube nomthelela ekuphazamisweni kokuvinjezelwa kwethoni yokuvuka kocansi kubantu abane-PHB. Ngakho-ke, le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ushintsho esakhiweni nasekuxhumekeni okusebenzayo ku-gritus yesikhashana kungenzeka kube yizici ze-PHB futhi kungahle kube ngabakhethi be-biomarker ekutholakaleni kwe-PHB
Ngokumane nje, izifundo ezimbalwa zangaphambili zocansi / izidakamizwa ze-porn zithole ukuxhumana okumpofu phakathi kwe-cortex kanye nohlelo lokuvuza. Njengoba omunye umsebenzi wecortex ukubeka amabhuleki emifutho evela ezinhlakeni zethu zomvuzo ezijulile - lokhu kungakhombisa ukusilela ekulawuleni "phezulu phezulu". Lokhu kusilela okusebenzayo nokwakhekayo kuwuphawu lwazo zonke izinhlobo zokulutha. Isifinyezo sokufunda:
Ngokufingqa, i-VBM yamanje kanye nokuhlola okusebenzayo kubonisa ukulahlekelwa kwezinto ezimpunga nokuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo ku-gyrus yesikhashana phakathi kwabantu abane-PHB. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, isakhiwo esinciphile kanye nokuxhumana okusebenzayo akuhambisani kakhulu nobukhulu be-PHB. Lezi zitholakele zinikeza ulwazi olusha emisebenzini engezansi ye-neural ye-PHB.
Ucwaningo luphinde lwabika ngokunyuka kwezindaba ezi-grey ezihambisana nomsebenzi wezocansi:
Ukunwetshwa kwezinto ezimpunga kuthayela wokudla okuyi-cerebellar kanye nokuxhuma okuthe xaxa kwethayela lesinxele lesigaxa se-STG nakho kwabonwa. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezifunda akuzange kugcinwe ngemuva kokulawula umphumela wezenzo zocansi phakathi kwabantu abane-PHB.
Ababhali bazibuze ukuthi ngabe amazinga aphezulu ezenzo zobulili aguqula ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-cortex ne-cerebellum:
Lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuxhumana kungenzeka kakhulu kuhlotshaniswe nomsebenzi wezocansi kunokulutha ngokocansi noma ucansi ngokocansi… .Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ivolumu yempunga ekhuphukile nokuxhumeka kokusebenza ku-cerebellum kuhlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okuphoqayo kubantu abane-PHB
I-Brain Res. I-2018 Feb 5. pii: S0006-8993 (18) 30055-6. doi: 10.1016 / j.brainres.2018.01.035.
abstract
Ucwaningo lwe-Neuroimaging mayelana nezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-hypersexual bekulokhu luqongelela, kepha ukushintshana okwenziwe ezakhiweni zobuchopho nokuxhumeka okusebenzayo kubantu abanenkinga yokuziphatha kwe-hypersexual (PHB) kusanda kufundwa. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuphenya ukusilela kwezindaba ze-grey kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwesimo sokuphumula kubantu abane-PHB besebenzisa i-voxel-based morphometry kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuxhuma kwesimo sokuphumula. Abantu abayishumi nesikhombisa abane-PHB ne-19 abaneminyaka yobudala efanelekile babambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo. Umthamo wezinto ezimpunga zobuchopho nokuxhumana kwesimo sokuphumula kukalwa kusetshenziswa i-3T magnetic resonance imaging. Kuqhathaniswa nezifundo ezinempilo, abantu abane-PHB babe nokuncipha okuphakeme kwevolumu ye-grey ye-gritus yempi yesikhashana ephakeme (STG) kanye ne-gyrus yesikhashana yaphakathi. Abantu abane-PHB baphinde babonisa ukwehla kokuxhumana kokusebenza kwesimo sokuphumula phakathi kwe-STG yangakwesobunxele kanye ne-precuneus yangakwesobunxele naphakathi kwe-STG yangakwesokunxele ne-caudate yangakwesokudla. Umthamo wempunga ye-STG yesobunxele nokuxhumeka kokusebenza kwesimo sokuphumula nge-caudate yangakwesobili kukhombisile ukuxhumana okuhle okuphambene nobunzima be-PHB. Okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ukusilela kokuhlelekile kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwesimo sokuphumula ku-STG yesobunxele kungaxhunyaniswa ne-PHB futhi kunikeze ukuqonda okusha ezinhlelweni ezingaphansi ze-PHB.
IZIHLOKO: I-Caudate nucleus; Ukuxhumana okusebenzayo; Ukuziphatha okuyinkinga kwe-hypersexual; I-Superm gritus yesikhashana; I-Voxel-based morphometry
I-PMID: 29421186
I-DOI: I-10.1016 / j.brainres.2018.01.035
INGXENYE YESIGABA
Emiphumeleni ye-VBM, ivolumu ye-gyrus yesikhashana yatholakala kubantu abane-PHB ngokuqhathaniswa nezilawuli ezinempilo. Ikakhulu, ivolumu yendaba engwevu ku-STG yesobunxele yayihlotshaniswa kabi nobunzima be-PHB. Ukususwa kwe-lobes yesikhashana kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuholele ekuqhubekeni kobandlululo ngokobulili (Baird et al., 2002). Ucwaningo olususelwa emcabangweni we-Task olwenzelwe ukuvusa inkanuko yezocansi luye lwabhala nobudlelwano phakathi kwezifunda zesikhashana ezingasebenzi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezivuselela ubulili (Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Lezi zifundo ziveza ukuthi izifunda zesikhashana zihlobene nokuvinjelwa kwethoni yokuthuthuka kokuvuseleleka ngokobulili nokuthi ukudlulela kwalokhu kuvimbela okuvela ngenxa yomonakalo noma ukungasebenzi kwe-lobes yesikhashana kungaholela ekutheni kube ne-hypersexuality enkulu (Baird et al., 2002; Redouté et al. (2000); Stoleru et al., 1999). Sicabange ukuthi ivolumu yokwehliswa okumpunga ku-gypus yesikhashana ingahle ibe nomthelela ekwandeni kocansi kumuntu one-PHB, futhi lokhu okutholile kungaphakamisa ukuthi i-STG yesokunxele iyingxenye yomjikelezo osebenzayo ohambisana ne-PHB. Ukubona imiphumela yethamo elincishisiwe le-STG yesobunxele kulolujikelezo olusebenzayo kuya phambili, kwenziwa ukuhlaziya kokusebenza kwesimo sokuphumula kwenziwa.
Imiphumela yethu ikhombisa ukuthi abantu abane-PHB banciphise i-STG engakwesobunxele kwesobunxele nokuxhumeka kwesokudla kwe-STG kwe-caudate kwesokunxele I-precuneus inokuxhumana kokuphindaphindeka kwe-cortical nge-sodium ephakeme yesikhashana. Lezi zifunda, kanye nendawo ebonakalayo ye-occipital, ihlanganisa i-temporo-parieto-occipital cortex (Leichnetz, 2001; Cavanna kanye neTrimble, i-2006). Ucwaningo oluningi lubike ukuthi i-precuneus yesobunxele ibambe iqhaza ekuhlanganiseni kolwazi kusuka ezinhlakeni ezahlukene zemizwa, futhi idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekushintsheni kokunaka nokuzinaka (Cavanna and Trimble, 2006; Simon et al., 2002). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo zokulutha ziye zabika ukuthi ababambiqhaza abanomlutha banezinkinga ngokushintshwa kokunakwa, nokuthi lesi sici sokuziphatha sihlobene nokuguqulwa okuguquliwe kwe-precuneus (Dong et al., 2014; Courtney et al., 2014). Njengoba kunikezwe indima ye-precuneus, imiphumela yethu inikeza ubufakazi bendima engaba khona ye-precuneus ku-PHB, ngoba ingahle ihlobane nokulimala okusebenzayo ekushintsheni kokunaka.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezifundo ezinempilo, abantu abane-PHB bakwehlise kakhulu ukuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-STG ne-caudate nucleus. Ukuxhunyaniswa okungekuhle kwabonwa futhi phakathi kobunzima be-PHB nokuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwalezi zindawo. I-anatomically, i-STG inokuxhumana okuqondile ne-caudate nucleus (i-Yeterian nePandya, i-1998). I-caudate nucleus eyisisekelo esiyinhloko se-striatum, futhi ibalulekile ekufundeni kokuziphatha okuhle, okuhlotshaniswa nentokozo nentshisekelo, futhi kuhlobene nokugcinwa komlutha
izindlela zokuziphatha (Ma et al., 2012; Vanderschuren ne-Everitt, 2005). Imisebenzi ye-Neuronal ku-striatum ngezinkawu ikhonjisiwe ukuphendula ekulethweni kokuletha umvuzo kanye nokulindela (i-Apicella et al., 1991, 1992). Ama-neurons we-Striatal athonya ukumelwa kwezinhloso ngaphambi nangesikhathi ukwenziwa kwezenzo ngokufaka isikhumbuzo sokukhuthaza isikhuthazo, ubukhulu bomvuzo, nokukhethwa komvuzo (uHasani et al., 2001). Izifundo ze-Neuroimaging zabantu abaphethwe umkhuba wokuziphatha zibike ukutholwa okungaguquki kokuguqulwa kwezimo zezwe, njengokuncipha kokuxhumana okusebenzayo kanye nokuhleleka kanye nokwehliswa komsebenzi osuselwa kwizilinganiso ze-oxygenation oxygen-level (BOLD) (Hong et al., 2013a, b; Jacobsen et al., 2001; Lin et al., 2012; Seok and Sohn, 2015). Muva nje, ucwaningo ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonisa ucansi luveze ukuthi izinguquko ku-striatum zingakhombisa izinguquko ku-neural plasticity ngenxa yokuvuselela okukhulu kohlelo lomvuzo (Kühn and Gallinat, 2014). Ukuxhumana okuphansi phakathi kwe-caudate nucleus kanye ne-STG etholakala ocwaningweni lwamanje kungaba nemiphumela yokushoda okusebenzayo njengokulethwa komvuzo kanye nokulindela ku-PHB (Seok noSohn, 2015; Voon et al., 2014). Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ukusilela kokuhleleka ku-temprize gyrus kanye nokuxhumana okuguquliwe okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-gritus yesikhashana kanye nezindawo ezithile (ie, i-precuneus ne-caudate) kungahle kube nomthelela ekuphazamisweni kokuvinjezelwa kwethoni yokuvuka kocansi kubantu abane-PHB. Ngakho-ke, le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ushintsho esakhiweni nasekuxhumekeni okusebenzayo ku-gyrus yesikhashana kungenzeka kube izici ze-PHB futhi kungahle kube ngabakhethi be-biomarker ekutholakaleni kwe-PHB.
Ukunwetshwa kwezinto ezimpunga kuthayela wokudla okuyi-cerebellar kanye nokuxhuma okuthe xaxa kwethayela lesinxele lesigaxa se-STG nakho kwabonwa. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezifunda akuzange kugcinwe ngemuva kokulawula umphumela wezenzo zocansi phakathi kwabantu abane-PHB. Lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuhlangana kungenzeka kuhlotshaniswe nomsebenzi wezocansi kunokuluthwa umlutha ngocansi noma ubuqhetseba. I-cerebellar tonsil ibandakanyeka kakhulu ekuphazamisekeni okuphoqayo, ikakhulukazi ekuhlanganiseni kwayo nezinqubo ze-corticostriatal neuronal (Middleton kanye Strick, 2000; Brooks et al., 2016). Izifundo zangesikhathi esedlule kubantu abanokuphazamiseka okubonakalayo okukhombisa ukuqina okukhombisa izinkomba ezinkudlwana zokuqhathanisa nokuqhathaniswa nokulawula okunempilo (Peng et al., 2012; Rotge et al., 2010). Abanye abantu abane-PHB abakhona abanezici zomtholampilo ezifana ne-obsessive-activive disorder, njengokucabanga kocansi nokuphoqelelwa ukuthi benze ucansi (Fong, 2006). Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwevolumu yendaba engwevu nokuxhumana okusebenzayo ku-cerebellum kuhlotshaniswa nokuziphatha okuphoqelelayo kubantu abane-PHB.
Lokhu kutholakala kubonisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwesakhiwo ngaphakathi kwe-gyrus yesikhashana kanye nokuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo okusebenza phakathi kwe-gyrus yesikhashana kanye nezindawo ezithile (okungukuthi, i-precuneus kanye ne-caudate) kungabangela ukuphazamiseka ekuvimbelweni kwe-sexic emphakathini kubantu abane-PHB. Ngakho-ke, le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi izinguquko ezakhiweni kanye nokuxhumana okusebenzayo ku-gyrus yesikhashana kungenzeka kube yizici ezithile ze-PHB futhi zingase zibe yiziphakamiso ze-biomarker zokuxilongwa kwe-PHB.
Kube nezifundo ezimbalwa ekushintsheni kobuchopho phakathi kwabantu abane-PHB besebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-VBM ne-rs-fMRI. Imibiko yangaphambilini ithole ukuthi umsebenzi ocansini othuthukisiwe ungaguqula ukwakheka kobuchopho nomsebenzi, futhi lokhu okutholakele kucacisile i-neurobiology eyisisekelo yokuziphatha okuphoqayo yokuziphatha kocansi (Schmidt et al., 2017). Kodwa-ke, lolo cwaningo aluzange lufake ngaphandle kwethonya lezimpawu zokuziphatha ebudlelwaneni obuphakathi kwe-PHB nokuguqulwa kwengqondo. Ngakho-ke, siphindaphinde ucwaningo olwedlule ukukhomba ukuguqulwa kobuchopho kubantu abane-PHB (Schmidt et al., 2017), futhi saqhubeka nokuhlaziya okulawula umsebenzi wezocansi ukucacisa ngokwengeziwe umthelela we-hypersexuality kanye nezici zokulutha ngokocansi.
Ngokufingqa, i-VBM yamanje kanye nokuhlola okusebenzayo kubonisa ukulahlekelwa kwezinto ezimpunga nokuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo ku-gyrus yesikhashana phakathi kwabantu abane-PHB. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, isakhiwo esinciphile kanye nokuxhumana okusebenzayo akuhambisani kakhulu nobukhulu be-PHB. Lezi zitholakele zinikeza ulwazi olusha emisebenzini engezansi ye-neural ye-PHB.
I-PHB yachazwa odokotela ababili abaqeqeshiwe ngokususelwa kwinhlolokhono yomtholampilo besebenzisa izindlela zokuxilonga ze-PHB ezisethwe ezifundweni ezedlule (Carnes et al., 2010; Kafka, 2010) (Ithebula S1). Iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili-, imfundo-, izilawuli ezihambelana nobulili ezingazange zihlangabezane nenqubo yokuxilongwa kwe-PHB zabhaliswa ocwaningweni. Sisebenzise le mibandela yokususa elandelayo ye-PHB nokulawula abahlanganyeli: iminyaka engaphezu kwe-35 noma ngaphansi kwe-18; okunye ukulutha okunjengotshwala noma umlutha wokugembula, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwangaphambilini noma kwamanje, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, nobungqingili, njengamanje ukusebenzisa umuthi, umlando wokulimala ekhanda kakhulu, kanye nokuphikiswa okujwayelekile kwe-MRI (okusho ukuthi, kunensimbi emzimbeni, i-astigmatism enzima, noma i-claustrophobia).
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