NguSarah Klein, Health.com
- Izinduna zamagundane ezazizigqaja ekudleni okunamafutha abantu zashintsha
- I-Dopamine ibonakala inesibopho sokuziphatha kwamagundane adla ngokweqile
- Ukutholwa kungaholela ekwelashweni okusha kokukhuluphala
Ososayensi ekugcineni baye baqinisekisa lokho okushiwo sonke esikholelwa iminyaka: Bacon, cheesecake, nezinye ukudla okumnandi kodwa fattening kungaba umlutha.
Ucwaningo olusha kumazinyo lubonisa ukuthi ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, okuphezulu-khalori kuthinta ubuchopho ngendlela efanayo ne-cocaine ne-heroin. Uma amagundane adla lokhu kudla ngobuningi obukhulu, kuholela ekutheni ukudla okuphoqeleka okufana nokulutha izidakamizwa, isifundo sitholile.
Ukwenza izidakamizwa ezinjenge-cocaine nokudla kakhulu ukudla okungenamsoco kokubili kulayisha ngokweqile izindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi izenjabulo ebuchosheni, ngokusho kukaPaul J. Kenny, Ph.D., onguprofesa ohlangene wezokwelapha ngamangqamuzana eScripps Research Institute, eJupiter , EFlorida. Ekugcineni izikhungo zobumnandi “ziyaphahlazeka,” futhi zithola ubumnandi obufanayo – noma nje ukuzizwa zijwayelekile-zidinga inani elikhulayo lomuthi noma ukudla, kusho uKenny, umbhali ophambili wocwaningo.
"Abantu bazi ngokuzibonela ukuthi kunokwengeziwe [ekudleni ngokweqile] kunokuzimisela," usho kanje. “Kunohlelo ebuchosheni olukhanyisiwe noma olwenziwe lwasebenza kakhulu, futhi lokho kushayela [ukudla ngokweqile] ezingeni elithile elisezingeni eliphansi.
“Ocwaningweni, olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-Nature Neuroscience, uKenny nombhali-mbhali wakhe bafunde ngamaqembu amathathu amagundane elebhu izinsuku ezingama-40. Elinye lamaqembu laliphakelwa ukudla kwamagundane njalo. Umzuzwana kuphakwe ubhekeni, isoseji, ushizi khekhe, isithwathwa nokunye ukudla okunonile, ukudla okunama-khalori amaningi - kodwa ngehora elilodwa kuphela ngosuku.
Iqembu lesithathu lavunyelwa ukudonsa kokudla okungenampilo isikhathi esingamahora we-23 ngosuku. Akumangazi ukuthi amagundane azigqaja ekudleni komuntu aphela ngokushesha. Kepha ubuchopho babo babuye bashintsha. Ngokubheka ama-electrodes afakelwe ubuchopho, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi amagundane eqenjini lesithathu kancane kancane aqala ukubekezelela injabulo ebanikezwa ukudla futhi kwadingeka ukuthi adle okuningi ukuze azizwe ephezulu.
Baqala ukudla ngokuphoqa, kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lapho beqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo bebhekene nezinhlungu. Lapho abacwaningi befaka ukushaqeka kukagesi ezinyaweni zamagundane lapho kukhona khona ukudla, amagundane emaqenjini amabili okuqala asaba angadli. Kepha amagundane akhuluphele kakhulu abengekho. UKenny uthi: “Babenake kakhulu ukudla ukudla,” kusho uKenny.
Ezifundweni zangaphambilini, amagundane abonise izinguquko ezifanayo zobuchopho lapho enikeza ukufinyelela okungenamkhawulo we-cocaine noma i-heroin. Futhi izinja ziye zalahla isinqumo sokuqhubeka nokudla i-cocaine, abacwaningi bayabika.
Iqiniso lokuthi ukudla okungenamsoco okungadala le mpendulo akumangazi ngokuphelele, kusho uDkt Gene-Jack Wang, MD, ongusihlalo womnyango wezokwelapha eMnyangweni Wezamandla waseBrookhaven Kazwelonke eMnyangweni Wezamandla wase-Upton, eNew York.
"Senza ukudla kwethu kufane kakhulu ne-cocaine manje," esho.
Kusetshenziswa amaqabunga eCoca kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kepha abantu bafunda ukuhlanza noma ukuguqula i-cocaine ukuze bayilethe kahle ebuchosheni babo (ngokwesibonelo, ukujova noma ukubhema). Lokhu kwenza umuthi waba umlutha ngokwengeziwe.
Ngokusho kukaWang, ukudla kuye kwavela ngendlela efanayo. "Sihlanza ukudla kwethu," esho. “Okhokho bethu badla okusanhlamvu okuphelele, kepha thina sidla isinkwa esimhlophe. AmaNdiya aseMelika ayedla ummbila; sidla isiraphu yommbila.
"Izithako zokudla kwesimanje ezihlanziwe zidala ukuthi abantu" badle ngokungazi futhi ngokungadingekile, "futhi futhi zizogqugquzela isilwane ukuthi" sidle njengomuntu osebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa [usebenzisa izidakamizwa], "kusho uWang.
I-neurotransmitter dopamine ibonakala inesibopho sokuziphatha kwamagundane adla ngokweqile, ngokusho kocwaningo. I-Dopamine ibandakanyekile ezikhungweni zobumnandi (noma zomvuzo) zobuchopho, futhi ibamba iqhaza ekuqiniseni isimilo. “Itshela ubuchopho ukuthi kukhona okwenzekile futhi kufanele ufunde kulokhu okusanda kwenzeka,” kusho uKenny.
Ukudla ngokweqile kwabangela ukuthi amazinga e-dopamine receptor ezinkathini zamagundane alula kakhulu, isifundo sathola. Kubantu, amazinga aphansi amamukeli afanayo aye ahlotshaniswa nokulutha kwezidakamizwa nokukhuluphala, futhi angase abe nezakhi zofuzo, uKenny uthi.
Kodwa-ke, lokho akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu ozelwe enamazinga aphansi e-dopamine receptor enzelwe ukuba umlutha noma ukudla ngokweqile. Njengoba uWang esho, izici zemvelo, hhayi izakhi zofuzo kuphela, ziyabandakanyeka kuzo zombili izindlela zokuziphatha.
UWang uxwayisa nokuthi ukusebenzisa imiphumela yezifundo zezilwane kubantu kungaba yinkohliso. Isibonelo, uthi, ezifundweni zemithi yokwehlisa isisindo, amagundane alahlekelwe ngamaphesenti angama-30 esisindo sawo, kepha abantu besidakamizwa esifanayo balahlekelwe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-5 wesisindo sabo. "Awukwazi ukulingisa ngokuphelele ukuziphatha komuntu, kepha [izifundo zezilwane] zingakunika umkhondo wokuthi yini engenzeka kubantu," kusho uWang.
Yize evuma ukuthi ucwaningo lwakhe kungenzeka lungahumushi ngokuqondile kubantu, uKenny uthi okutholakele kukhanyisela izindlela zobuchopho ezenza ukuthi kudle ngokweqile futhi kungaholele nakwizindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zokukhuluphala.
"Uma singathuthukisa imishanguzo yokulutha izidakamizwa, zona lezo zidakamizwa zingasiza ekukhuluphaleni," esho.
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