Abathengi Ngezinkinga Zokusebenza Ngocansi kanye ne-E-mail yogaxekile ye-Pornography (2010)

LINK KUPAPHA

UJoshua Fogel, PhD
Hlanganisa uProfesa, iBrooklyn College yaseCity University of New York
Ikheli Leposi: 2900 Bedford Avenue, 218A, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
Iwebhusayithi Yomuntu siqu / yeNhlangano:
http://depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/economics/fogel.htm
Email: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]

UJoshua Fogel UnguNgqongqoshe Wezokuqashwa Esiqashiwe ohlelweni lwebhizinisi loMnyango Wezomnotho eBrooklyn College yaseCity University of New York. Izinhloso zakhe zokucwaninga zifaka phakathi ukusebenza kwabathengi, i-e-commerce kanye ne-e-health.
USam Shlivko, BS
Umfundi Wezomthetho, Isikole Sezomthetho saseNew York
Email: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
USam Shlivko ungumfundi wezomthetho eNew York Law School eNew York City. Izintshisakalo zakhe zocwaningo zifaka izici ezisemthethweni zokusebenzisa i-Intanethi.
Vakashela izindatshana ezihlobene ngaphezulu at Ijenali yasebhange le-Intanethi kanye neCommerce
 

abstract

Izikhangiso zezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zifika ngemikhiqizo yokukhangisa yogaxekile ku-inthanethi. Sifunda izimpendulo zabathengi kulezi zikhangiso. Abahlanganyeli babafundi basekolishi (n = 200) abanezinkinga zokusebenza kocansi ngaphandle kwezinkinga (SPP) babuzwa ukuthi ngabe bathola, bavule / bafunde, futhi bathenga izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwi-imeyili yogaxekile. Labo abane-SPP babenamaphesenti amakhulu kakhulu kunalawo angenayo i-SPP yokwamukela (93.3% uma kuqhathaniswa no-68.1%, p = 0.042), ukuvula / ukufunda (66.7% uma kuqhathaniswa no-14.1%, p <0.001), nokuthenga (46.7% uma kuqhathaniswa no-4.9%, p <0.001) izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezivela ku-imeyili yogaxekile. Ekucindezelweni kwezinto eziningi kuhlaziywa ukulungiswa kwenani labantu (ubudala, ubulili, ubuhlanga / ubuzwe), i-Intanethi (ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi, inombolo yama-imeyili e-spam etholakele), kanye nezengqondo (ukuzethemba, ukucindezeleka okubonakalayo, izimo zokwenza ucansi) okuguqukayo, labo abane I-SPP yayihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuvula / ukufunda (NOMA: 4.51, 95% CI: 1.05, 19.33) nokuthenga (NOMA: 8.76, 95% CI: 1.78, 43.27) izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezivela ku-imeyili e-spam. Futhi, izimo zengqondo ezandayo zokusebenza kocansi bezihlotshaniswa nokuvula / ukufunda (NOMA: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.54) nokuthenga (NOMA: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.62) izithombe zocansi ezivela ku-imeyili e-spam. Akukho okunye okunye kwabantu, i-Intanethi, noma okuguquguqukayo kwengqondo okwakukuhlangana. I-imeyili engogaxekile e-imeyili ivulwa / ifundwe futhi ithengwe, ikakhulukazi kulabo abane-SPP. Ukuqondisa labo abane-SPP ngezikhangiso ze-imeyili kunemithelela yokuziphatha, ngaphezu kwendaba ejwayelekile yokuziphatha yokuthumela ogaxekile i-imeyili.
Amagama angukhiye
I-inthanethi; mail electronic; ukumaketha; ukukhangisa; ukungasebenzi ngocansi; ukuziphatha kwabathengi; e-commerce; ezempilo, abafundi basekolishi
 

ISINGENISO

Kuvame ukubikwa ukuthi izithombe zocansi ziyimbangela yokukhula okusheshayo kwe-Intanethi. Kunezibalo ezibikiwe kufaka phakathi ukuthi i-43% yabo bonke abasebenzisa i-Intanethi ibuka i-Intanethi, i-35% yazo zonke ukulandwa kwe-Intanethi ihlobene nezithombe zocansi, nokuthi isilinganiso sesikhathi sokubuka izithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi yimizuzu ye-15 (OnlineEducation, 2010). I-Intanethi ivumela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezithombe zocansi ezibandakanya kokubili ezocansi ezentengiso nezingezona ezentengiso. I-imeyili engogaxekile ingenye indlela esetshenziselwa ukumaketha izithombe zocansi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-2008 kubike ukuthi i-6.5% yawo wonke ama-imeyili ogaxekile asezindabeni zocansi (PandaSecurity, 2009).
Kunezimpikiswano eziqinile mayelana nezithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi. Izici ezingezinhle zifaka: i-1) Izithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi ziphikisana namanani enkolo nawendabuko omndeni, umshado, kanye nokuganana kanye nokukhuthaza inkululeko yezocansi nokuziphatha okubi, i-2) abantu abanokuziphoqelela ngokobulili okuphoqelekile bangasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi ukuqhubeka nokuziphatha okunjalo, i-3) Izithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi ukusetshenziswa kungathinta kabi ubudlelwano obusondelene bomhlaba, i-4) kanye nezithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi zivezwa abesifazane besifazane. Izici ezinhle zifaka phakathi: i-1) ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi kuvumela ulwazi olwandayo lwezocansi ngokubheka amasu okusebenza kwezocansi, kanye ne-2) labo abanokudangala, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokuncika kotshwala bangathola impumuzo yesikhashana nokuphazamiseka ngokubuka i-Intanethi yezithombe zocansi (Doring, 2009).
Phakathi kwabantu abadala abasebasha, ukuvusa ucansi, ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo yezocansi nabalingani abangaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, kanye nokweneliseka kwezidingo zocansi izizathu zokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziku-inthanethi nezinto ezibekela obala ezocansi online (Boies, 2002; Goodson, McCormick, & Evans, 2000, Goodson et al. , 2001; ILam & Chan, 2007). Lezi zinzuzo ezingaba khona zezempilo yezocansi zingaba yisizathu sokuthi abantu abadala abasha babe nentshisekelo yokuthenga imikhiqizo yezithombe zocansi online ku-imeyili e-spam. Asazi noma yiziphi izifundo phakathi kwalabo abanezimo zezempilo yezocansi nezizathu zokuthenga izithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziku-inthanethi ngokujwayelekile noma ikakhulukazi ukuthenga izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezikhangiswe nge-imeyili yogaxekile. Sazi izifundo ezimbili kuphela mayelana ne-imeyili yogaxekile nezimo zezempilo. Olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi labo abanezinkinga zokusebenza kocansi (i-SPP) babenezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zokufunda / ukuvulwa futhi bathenga nemikhiqizo yokusebenza kocansi kwi-imeyili yogaxekile (I-Fogel & Shlivko, 2009). Olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi labo abanezinkinga zesisindo banezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zokufunda / ukuvulwa futhi bathenga nemikhiqizo yokwehlisa isisindo kwi-imeyili yogaxekile (iFogel & Shlivko, 2010).
Asazi noma yiziphi izifundo phakathi kwalabo abane-SPP yokwamukela, ukufunda / ukuvula kanye / noma ukuthenga izithombe zocansi kusuka ku-imeyili engogaxekile. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuthola phakathi kwabantu abadala abasha uma ubukhona be-SPP buhlotshaniswa nokwamukela, ukuvula / ukufunda, kanye / noma ukuthenga izithombe zocansi ezinikezwa nge-imeyili engogaxekile. Siphinde sifunde ukuthi ngabe noma yiziphi izinto ezihlukahlukayo zabantu, ukuhlukahluka kwe-Intanethi, noma ukuhlukahluka kwengqondo kuhlobene nanoma ikuphi ukuziphatha komamukeli nge-imeyili ogaxekile.
 

INDLELA

Abahlanganyeli nezinqubo
Ababambe iqhaza (n = 200) babengabafundi abenza iziqu zabo babhaliswa ekolishi labahambi langaphakathi edolobheni eNew York City. Kwasetshenziswa isampula yokulungiselela ukuthola izimpendulo kulabo abahlolwe emakilasini nasezindaweni zomphakathi ekolishi. Izinga lokuphendula le-94.3% libalwe ukusuka kubantu be-212 asondele kubo. Imininingwane yatholakala ngoMeyi 2007. Inhlolokhono ibingaziwa futhi ingavunyelwe ekubuyekezweni kwebhodi yesikhungo. Izimiso zokuziphatha zesimemezelo sikaHelsinki zalandelwa esifundweni. Kutholwe imvume ebambe iqhaza yomhlanganyeli.
Izindlela
Izinhlobonhlobo Zabantu
Ukuhlukahluka kwesibalo sabantu kufaka phakathi okuqhubekayo kweminyaka (iminyaka), ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi (nsuku zonke), nenombolo yama-imeyili ogaxekile atholakele (nsuku zonke). Ukuhlukahluka kwesigaba kufaka ubulili nohlanga / ubuzwe (omhlophe / ongeyena-mhlophe).
Izinkinga Zokusebenza Kocansi Into
Ababambiqhaza babuzwa: "Uyakholelwa yini ukuthi unezinkinga zokusebenza kocansi?" Ngokukhethwa kuka "yebo" noma "cha."
Spam E-mail Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile
Ababambiqhaza babuzwa: i-1) Uthole i-imeyili engogaxekile mayelana nezithombe zocansi ngonyaka owedlule?, I-2) Uma kunjalo, ingabe uvule wafunda i-imeyili?, Ne-3) Uma uvula ufunde i-imeyili, Ngabe kukhona okuthengile kuwebhusayithi oyinikezile? Izinketho zokuphendula zazingu- “yebo” noma “cha.”
Izikali Zengqondo
Ugqhozu lwakho
Isikali sokuzithemba kweRosenberg yisilinganiso esinokwethenjelwa nesisebenzayo (iRosenberg, 1986). Inezinto ze-10 ezilinganiswe esikalini sesitayela se-Likert ukusuka ku-1 = akuvumelani ngokuphelele ne-4 = ngiyavuma ngokuphelele. Kukhona izinto ezinamakhodi ahlukaniswe kabusha ze-5. Ukuzethemba okukhulu kuboniswa izikolo eziphakeme. Ukuthembela kwe-alpha kwe-Cronbach kule sampula kwakuyi-0.87.
Ukuxineka Kwatholakala
Isikali Sokucindezeleka Esibonwayo siyisilinganiso esithembekile nesisebenzayo (UCohen & Williamson, 1988). Iqukethe izinto eziyi-10 ezilinganiswe esikalini sesitayela se-Likert ezisuka ku-0 = never ziye ku-4 = kaningi. Kunezinto ezi-4 ezinamakhodi ahlehla. Ukucindezeleka okubonakalayo okukhulu kuboniswa ngamanani aphezulu. Ukuthembeka kweCronbach alpha kulesi sampula kwakungu-0.84.
Izimo Zengqondo Zokusebenza Kwezocansi
Isikali seSebenza sezocansi esenzelwe lolu cwaningo. Inezinto ze-3: 1) "Ngingathanda ukufunda ngokukhulisa ukusebenza kwezocansi," i-2) "Ngingathanda ukufunda kwi-inthanethi ngokukhulisa ukusebenza kocansi," kanye ne-3) "Ngiyethemba i-Intanethi ukuthi inginike imininingwane eyiqiniso mayelana ukusebenza ngocansi. ”Lezi zinto ze-3 zalinganiswa esikalini se-Likert enobubanzi ukusuka ku-1 = akuvumi ngokuphelele ukuthi i-5 = iyavuma impela. Ukuthembela kwe-alpha kwe-Cronbach kule sampula kwakuyi-0.95.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesitatimende
Izibalo ezichazayo zabalwa ngokuguquguqukayo. Ngokufanelekile, kungaba ukuhlaziywa kwe-Pearson chi-square noma ukuhlolwa okuqondile kwe-Fisher (lapho usayizi wesampula leseli <5) kusetshenziselwe ukuqhathanisa lawo anayo nangaphandle kwe-SPP yemibuzo ehlukile yokwamukela, ukuvula / ukufunda, nokuthenga ekukhangisweni kwe-imeyili okugaxekile izithombe zocansi. Ukuhlaziywa okuningi kokuhleleka kwezinto kwenziwa ngemiphumela yokuhlukahluka kwemithathu yokuthola, ukuvula / ukufunda, nokuthengwa kogaxekile okukhangisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Umphumela ngamunye oguqukayo unamamodeli amathathu ahlukene wokuhlaziya. Imodeli yokuqala ifaka kuphela ukuguquguquka kwe-SPP. Imodeli yesibili ibandakanya i-SPP yezocansi kanye nokuhlukahluka kwabantu. Imodeli yesithathu ibandakanya i-SPP, okuguquguqukayo kwabantu, nokuhlukahluka kwengqondo kokuzethemba, ukucindezeleka okubonakalayo, kanye nezinga lokuziphatha kocansi. I-PASW version 18 (PASW, 2009) isetshenzisiwe.
 

IZIPHUMA

Ithebula 1 libonisa izici zesampula. Iningi lesampula belingenayo i-SPP. Iminyaka emaphakathi yayicishe ibe yiminyaka ye-21, cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazingabesifazane, futhi ezingaphezulu kwengxenye zazingabamhlophe. Mayelana nezimpawu ze-Intanethi zansuku zonke, ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile bekucishe kube ngamahora we-4, futhi isilinganiso semiyalezo ye-imeyili ogaxekile ye-28 itholakele. Mayelana nezimpawu zengqondo, bekuba nesilinganiso sokuzethemba okuphezulu, isilinganiso sezinye izikhathi lapho kubonwe ingcindezi, kanye nezinga eliphakathi lokungavumelani nezimo zengqondo zokusebenza.
isithombe
Qaphela: M = kusho, SD = ukuphambuka okujwayelekile.
Ithebula 2 libonisa ukuqhathanisa kulabo abane-futhi ngaphandle kwe-SPP ukuthola, ukuvula / ukufunda, nokuthenga izithombe zocansi ezinikezwa kusuka ku-imeyili engogaxekile. Kuzo zonke iziqhathaniso ezintathu, lezo ezine-SPP zazinamaphesenti amakhulu kakhulu kunalawo angenayo i-SPP. Lokhu kufaka ngaphezu kwe-25% ephezulu yokuthola, ngaphezu kwe-50% ephezulu yokuvula / ukufunda, nangaphezulu kwe-40% ephezulu yokuthenga.
isithombe
Kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile kunoma yikuphi ukucubungula okungaqondakali noma ukucwaninga kokubhalwa phansi kwe-logtivariate phakathi kwalabo abane-futhi ngaphandle kwe-SPP yokwamukela izithombe zocansi ezinikezwe kusuka ku-imeyili engogaxekile (idatha engakhonjisiwe). Ithebula 3 libonisa ukucubungula kokuhlenga kabusha okunengqondo
ukuvula / ukufunda i-imeyili engogaxekile yezithombe zocansi. I-Model 1 ibinesilinganiso esibalulekile sokungathandeki kulabo abane-SPP enkulu kunezikhathi ze-12 okungenzeka kunalezo ezingenayo i-SPP zokuvula / ukufunda i-imeyili engogaxekile yezithombe zocansi. I-Model 2 ikhombisa isilinganiso esifanayo senkambiso engenazo i-covariates ebalulekile. I-Model 3 ibinesilinganiso esibalulekile sokungathandeki kulabo abane-SPP enkulu kunezikhathi ze-4 okungenzeka sokuvula / ukufunda i-imeyili engogaxekile yezithombe zocansi (bheka futhi umfanekiso). Azikho izinto ezihlukaniswe ngabantu noma i-Intanethi ezazibalulekile futhi okuwukuhlukahluka okungokwengqondo kuphela kwesilinganiso sokuziphatha kokuya ocansini kwaba nesilinganiso esiphikisayo se-1.37.
isithombe
Ithebula 4 libonisa ukucabanga kokubhalwa phansi okunengqondo kokuthenga i-imeyili engogaxekile yezithombe zocansi. I-Model 1 ibinesilinganiso esibalulekile sokungathandeki kulabo abane-SPP enkulu kunezikhathi ze-17 okungenzeka kunalezo ezingenayo i-SPP yokuthenga i-imeyili engogaxekile yezithombe zocansi. I-Model 2 ikhombisa isilinganiso esifanayo senkambiso engenazo i-covariates ebalulekile. I-Model 3 ibinesilinganiso esibalulekile sokungathandeki kulabo abane-SPP esingaphezu kwezikhathi ze-8 okungenzeka ukuthi kuthengwe ngalo i-imeyili engogaxekile yezithombe zocansi (bheka futhi umfanekiso). Azikho izinto ezihlukaniswe ngabantu noma i-Intanethi ezazibalulekile futhi okuwukuhlukahluka okungokwengqondo kuphela kwesilinganiso sokuziphatha kokuya ocansini kwaba nesilinganiso esiphikisayo se-1.37.
isithombe
isithombe
 

UKUKHULUMA

Sithole ukuthi labo abane-SPP bayathanda kakhulu ukuvula / ukufunda futhi bathenge nezithombe zocansi ezinikezwe kusuka ku-imeyili engogaxekile. Ukwehlukahlukana kwabantu kanye ne-Intanethi akuhlobene nale ndlela yokuvula / yokufunda neyokuthenga, ngenkathi izimo zokwenza umsebenzi wobulili zihambisana nalokhu kuvulwa / ukufunda kanye nokuziphatha kokuthenga.
Okutholakele kwethu ekuvuleni / ekufundeni nasekuthengeni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinikezwa nge-imeyili yogaxekile kudlulisa ucwaningo lwamanje olwaziwa ngokuziphatha kwabathengi nge-imeyili yogaxekile phakathi kwalabo abane-SPP. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi abathengi banentshisekelo kwimikhiqizo yokusebenza kocansi enikezwa nge-imeyili yogaxekile (i-Fogel & Shlivko, 2009), kepha futhi banentshisekelo ezithombeni ezingcolile ezinikezwa nge-imeyili yogaxekile.
Lapho siqhathanisa ucwaningo lwethu lwamanje lokuvula / ukufunda kanye nokuthenga izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinikezwa nge-imeyili yogaxekile ocwaningweni ngokuvula / ukufunda nokuthenga nemikhiqizo yokusebenza ngokocansi enikezwa ku-imeyili yogaxekile (I-Fogel & Shlivko, 2009), kukhona okunye okubalulekile ukufana nokwehluka. Ukufana kufaka amaphesenti afanayo ezifundweni zombili kulabo abane-SPP yokuvula / ukufunda nokuthenga izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo enikezwa ku-imeyili e-spam. Umehluko omkhulu maqondana nokuhlaziywa kwe-multivariate nobukhulu bezilinganiso ezingavumelani. Ukuhluka okufanayo kwahlaziywa ezifundweni zombili. Kulolu cwaningo ngomphumela wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, isilinganiso sokungalingani kwakungu-4 sokuvula / ukufunda futhi sakhuphukela ku-8 sokuthenga. Esifundweni ngomphumela wemikhiqizo yokusebenza kocansi (I-Fogel & Shlivko, i-2009), isilinganiso sokungalingani sasilingana ku-8 kokubili ukuvula / ukufunda kanye nokuthenga. Leli phethini lisikisela ukuthi ubukhulu bezinga lenzalo yokuvula / ukufunda phakathi kwalabo abanezinkinga zokusebenza kocansi akuphakeme kakhulu ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile njengoba kunjalo ngemikhiqizo yokusebenza ngokocansi. Kungenzeka ukuthi umugqa wesihloko kwi-imeyili yogaxekile yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile utolikwa njengongenayo noma ocasulayo okuyizinto ezaziwayo zokwehlisa isimo sengqondo esihle nge-imeyili yogaxekile (Morimoto & Chang, 2006).
Futhi, kukwanda kwezimo zengqondo zokuziphatha kwezocansi kuphela ezihlotshaniswa nokuvula / ukufunda nokuthenga izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwi-imeyili yogaxekile. Yize kunezifundo eziningi ezibika umehluko wezocansi phakathi kwabafundi basekolishi (Boies, 2002; Byers, Menzies, & O'Grady, 2004; O'Reilly, Knox, & Zusman, 2007; Selwyn, 2008) kanye nabantu abadala (Hald, 2006) ngentshisekelo eyengeziwe phakathi kwamadoda kunabesifazane yezithombe zocansi eziku-inthanethi, asikutholanga umehluko onjalo.
Kunemikhawulo yokufunda. Okokuqala, idatha itholwe kuphela esikhungweni esisodwa futhi ingahle ingenzi isampula kazwelonke. Okwesibili, kwakukhona abantu be-15 kuphela abane-SPP okungaba yisiqalo sokufunda isampula yabantu abadala. Okwesithathu, asizange sibuze ngezizathu ezithile zokuvula / ukufunda nokuthenga izithombe zocansi ezivela ku-imeyili engogaxekile.
 

ISIPHETHO

Sengiphetha, kuvulwa / kufundwe i-imeyili engcolile bese ithengwa yilabo abanezinkinga zokwenza ucansi. Abakhangisi be-imeyili engcolile abanengxenye yemakethe ngentshiseko enamandla. Okwalawo maqembu aphikisana nezithombe zocansi eziku-inthanethi, kufanele acabangele ukuhlinzeka ngokungenelela okufanele kwezemfundo ukukhuthaza labo abanezinkinga zokwenza ucansi ekuvuleni / ekufundeni nasekuthengeni i-imeyili engcolile. Kulawo mabhizinisi agxile kwimikhiqizo yezocansi, asikhuthazi ukuthumela i-imeyili engogaxekile. Ngokusobala labo abanezinkinga zokusebenza kocansi banesifiso esikhulu kumkhiqizo onjalo. Izimiso zokugxila kuleyo ngxenye yemakethe zinemiphumela eminingi yokuziphatha engaphezulu komkhawulo waleli phepha.
Okubhekwayo
IBoies, SC (2002). Ukusetshenziswa nokuphendula kwabafundi baseYunivesithi kulwazi lwezocansi nokuzijabulisa oluku-inthanethi: Izixhumanisi zokuziphatha kocansi okuku-inthanethi nokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ijenali YaseCanada Yezocansi Zomuntu, 11 (2), 77-89. 

IBers, LJ, Menzies, KS, & O'Grady, WL (2004). Umthelela wokuguquguquka kwamakhompiyutha ekubukeni nasekuthumeleni izinto ezibeka obala ezocansi kwi-Intanethi: ukuhlola 'injini' kaCooper. Ijenali YaseCanada Yezocansi Zomuntu, 13 (3-4), 157-170.

UCohen, S., noWillionon, G. (1988). Ukucindezeleka okubonakalayo kusampula yamathuba e-United States. Ku-S. Spacapan & S. Oskamp (Eds.), I-psychology yezenhlalo yezempilo: Uchungechunge lweClaremont ku-psychology yezenhlalo esetshenzisiwe (amakhasi 31-67). INewbury Park, CA: Sage.

Doring, NM (2009). Umphumela we-inthanethi ebulilini: Ukubuyekezwa okubucayi kweminyaka yocwaningo lwe-15. Amakhompyutha ku-Human Behaviour, 25 (5), 1089-1101.

UFogel, J., & Shlivko, S. (2009). Abathengi abanezinkinga zokusebenza kocansi ne-imeyili yogaxekile yemikhiqizo yokusebenza kocansi. Ijenali ye-Internet Banking kanye nezohwebo, 14 (1). Ibuyiswe ngoJanuwari 20, 2010 kusuka

UFogel, J., & Shlivko, S. (2010). Izinkinga zesisindo kanye ne-imeyili yogaxekile yemikhiqizo yokunciphisa umzimba. ISouthern Medical Journal, 103 (1), 31-36.

UGoodson, P., McCormick, D., no-Evans, A. (2000). Ucansi oluku-Inthanethi: Ukuvusa imizwa kwabafundi basekolishi lapho bebuka izinto ezibeka obala ezocansi ku-inthanethi. Ijenali Yezemfundo Yezocansi & Ukwelashwa, 25 (4), 252-260.

UGoodson, P., McCormick, D., no-Evans, A. (2001). Isesha izinto ezibeka obala ezocansi kwi-Intanethi: Ucwaningo lokuhlola lokuziphatha kanye nezimo zengqondo zabafundi basekolishi. Izinqolobane Zokuziphatha Ngokobulili, 30 (2), 101-118.

IHald, GM (2006). Umehluko wobulili ekusebenziseni izithombe zobulili ezingcolile phakathi kwabantu abadala abasebasha baseDenmark. Izingobo zomlando Zokuziphatha Kocansi, i-35 (5), 577-585.

ILam, i-CB, ne-Chan, i-DK-S. (2007). Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyberpornography yizinsizwa zaseHong Kong: Amanye ama-correlates engqondo. Izinqolobane Zokuziphatha Ngokobulili, 36 (4), 588-598.

UMorimoto, M., & Chang, S. (2006). Isimo sengqondo sabathengi maqondana ne-imeyili yezentengiso engacelwanga kanye nezindlela zokumaketha ezithunyelwa ngeposi: Ukuzibandakanya, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula, nokucasulwa. Ijenali Yokukhangisa Okusebenzisana, 7 (1), 8-20.

U-O'Reilly, S., Knox, D., & Zusman, ME (2007). Isimo sengqondo sabafundi basekolishi ngokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi. Ijenali Yomfundi WeKholeji, 41 (2), 402-406.

I-OnlineEducation. (2010). Izinombolo ngemuva kwezithombe zocansi. Kutholwe kabusha ngoJanuwari 20, 2010, kusuka

PandaSecurity. (2009). Izihloko zogaxekile. Kubuyiswe uJanuwari 20, 2010, kusuka ku-

I-PASW. (2009). I-PASW, Inguqulo 18. IChicago: PASW.

Rosenberg, M. (1986). Ukuvuma Ukuziqhenya. Malabar, FL: Krieger.

USelwyn, N. (2008). Isiphephelo sokungaziphathi kahle? Uphenyo lokungaziphathi kahle okuku-inthanethi phakathi kwabafundi baseyunivesithi. Ukubuyekezwa Kwekhompyutha yeSayensi Yezenhlalo, i-26 (4), 446-465.