Ukulutha kocansi lwe-Cyber ​​kubasebenzisi besifazane abangabesilisa ocansini bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kungachazwa ngokucabangela ukuxhaswa (2014)

abstract

Ukulutha kwe-cybersex kuxoxwa ngentshisekelo ekhulayo. Ngenkathi kubhekenwe nakho ezifundweni eziningana, ucwaningo selugxile kakhulu kwabesilisa;¹ abacishe basebenzise i-cybersex besifazane abanakwa esikhathini esedlule. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo lwamanje ukuqhathanisa abasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi be-Intanethi (i-IPU) nabasebenzisi bezocansi abengekho kwi-Intanethi (NIPU) maqondana nokuthambekela ekuluzweni kwe-cybersex.

ICybersex ichazwe njengezenzo zokuziphatha ezenzelwe ucansi kwi-Intanethi. Lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zibandakanya ukubuka izinto ezithambile zobulili ezingcolile- noma ezilukhuni; ukuxoxa ngezindaba zocansi noma ucansi nge-webcam; ukufunda izincwadi ezivusa inkanuko yobulili online; noma ukusebenzisa izitolo zocansi eziku-inthanethi, amasayithi okuthandana, izinkundla zokuxhumana, noma abeluleki bezindlela zokuziphatha zocansi noma izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STD).² Kubhalwe ukuthi abantu besifazane basebenzisa izinhlelo eziningi ze-cybersex kepha bakhetha lezo ezivumela ukuxhumana komphakathi.^3,4 Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abesifazane basebenzisa i-cybersex engaphansi kwabesilisa futhi babika okuthandwa ngokusobala kwabesifazane abasebenzisa izingxoxo zenzelwa ucansi, kuyilapho abesilisa bebukela kakhulu izithombe zocansi.^5-7 Ngokuphathelene nokuxhumana ngocansi kwe-inthanethi, kukhonjisiwe ukuthi intshisekelo yabesilisa ekuxhumaneni nocansi lwe-inthanethi iyancipha ngobudala kepha iyanda ngeminyaka ephakathi kwabesifazane.⁸ Ngenkathi ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwabesifazane nge-cybersex kungakacaci, kuye kwabikwa ukuthi abanye besifazane abasebenzisa i-cybersex banezinkinga mayelana nokusebenzisa kwabo i-cybersex.^1,9-11

Iningi labantu lisebenzisa i-Intanethi ngaphandle kokubhekana nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, kepha abanye babika izikhalazo ezikhona empilweni yansuku zonke ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-Intanethi, kufaka phakathi izimpawu eziqhathaniswa nalezo ezibonwe kumlutha wotshwala.^12,13 Kumodeli yokuqonda yokusebenzisa i-Internet ye-pathological, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi okujwayelekile nokwenziwe ngokuqondile kwahlukaniswa.¹⁴ Esokuqala sichaza ukusetshenziswa okuyinkinga okuyinkinga kwe-Intanethi. Lesi sakamuva sibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-pathological kwezicelo ezithile ze-Intanethi. I-cybersex icatshangwa ukuthi iyisicelo se-Intanethi esisengozini yokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi kwe-pathological ethile.^15,16 Ngenkathi kusenengxoxo ethile maqondana nokuhlukaniswa kwalezi zindlela zokuziphatha, kunenkambiso yokuqonda kwabo njengezigqila zokuziphatha.¹²

Umlutha we-cybersex ubonwe emadodeni nasezintweni zobungqingili,¹⁰ kepha izifundo zokulutha nge-cybersex zilinganiselwe, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane.¹ Ababhali abancane bathi ukucabanga nokwamukela ukuvuswa kocansi kanye nokwanelisa kufanele kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni komlutha we-cybersex.¹⁷ I-hypothesis yokwanelisa icabanga ukuthi ukuvuswa kocansi nge-cybersex yinto esemqoka ekuthuthukiseni umlutha we-cybersex. Ngokusekelwa kwalokhu, kubikwa ukuthi izinkanuko zobulili ezingcolile ezivusa inkanuko zobulili ezingcolile zibikezela ukuthambekela kokuluthwa yi-cybersex kwabesilisa abathandanayo.¹⁸ Ababhali bacabangele izindlela zokufunda kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuphinda benze umsebenzi wokufisa^19,20 ukuba yizindlela ezifanele zokuthuthukisa umlutha we-cybersex ku-IPU. Ngokufanelekile, kwaboniswa ukuthi abasebenzisi abanenkinga ye-cybersex bakhombisa ukuvusa inkanuko enkulu nokulangazelela ukuphendula izinkomba zobulili ezingcolile ze-Intanethi kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzisi be-cybersex abangavikelekile, kanti inani labantu abathandana nabo ngokocansi kanye nokweneliseka ngalezi zinto kwakungahlobene nomlutha we-cybersex.²¹ Olunye ucwaningo luphawula ukuthi ubukhulu bodwa bemiphumela yokuqinisa ye-cybersex bungathinteka ngezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye. Abantu bahlukahluka kokuzwela ikakhulukazi ukucashunwa kwezocansi nokuvinjwa,²² kepha, uzwela emikhondweni yezocansi ecashile enezimo zokuziphatha zobucansi eziyingozi nezomlutha.^23,24 Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhonjisiwe ukuthi ukuzibandakanya kwezinkinga zocansi ku-²⁵ ukuthi i-cybersex addiction covaries enobukhulu bophawu lwengqondo, futhi ihlanganyela ngamanani aphezulu we-comorbidities.^1,18 Izifundo eziningi zenziwe nabahlanganyeli besilisa. Imininingwane yokuqhathanisa yabesifazane ayitholakali.

Incazelo yesampula ye-s-IATsex yayiyi-15.26 (SD= 5.70, ibanga 12-40). Inani elisho ukuthi othintana ngocansi ezinsukwini zokugcina ze-7 laliyi-2.05 (SD= 2.64). Inani elisho ukuthi oxhumana nabo kwezocansi ezinyangeni zokugcina ze-6 laliyi-38.13 (SD= 46.60). Ukwaneliseka imvamisa yoxhumana nabo bezocansi kwakuyi-2.06 (SD= 0.84), nokwaneliseka ngekhwalithi yokuxhumana ngocansi kwakungu-2.34 (SD= 0.75).

Ingxenye yababambe iqhaza ikhombisile ukuthi babuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kanye / noma amavidiyo ku-Intanethi njalo (i-IPU, n= 51). Umehluko phakathi kwe-IPU ne-NIPU maqondana nobudala, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cybersex, umlutha we-cybersex, imibuzo yemibuzo, kanye nokuxhumana ngocansi kubonisiwe ku Ithebula 1. Umehluko maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwe-IPU ne-NIPU kwezinhlelo ezithile zocansi lwe-inthanethi uboniswa ku Ithebula 2. Kwi-IPU, abantu abaningi bakhombise ukubuka izithombe ezithambile noma ama-video atobala ezocansi kwi-Intanethi, njengoba kulindeleke. Inani labasebenzisi bezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-cybersex belingafani phakathi kwe-IPU ne-NIPU. Kwi-IPU, abahlanganyeli be-30 bakhombisile ukuthi babesebudlelwaneni. Kwi-NIPU, abahlanganyeli be-26 babike ukuthi babudlelwane. Inani lababambe iqhaza ebudlelwaneni belingafani phakathi kwamaqembu (χ² (1, N= 102) = 1.44, p= 0.23). Ngokuphathelene ne-cybersex exhumana, ababambiqhaza be-18 (ICU) baveze ukuthi basebenzisa izingcingo zocansi, ucansi nge-webcam, kanye / noma amasayithi okuqomisana, ngenkathi i-84 iphika ukusetshenziswa okunjalo (i-NICU). Isikolo se-s-IATsex sasingafani phakathi kwamaqembu (M_I-ICU= 17.17, SD= 8.28, M_I-NICU= 14.89, SD= 4.98, t= 1.12, p= 0.28). Ngakho-ke, ukubalwa okulandelayo kukhuluma nge-IPU ne-NIPU kuphela.

Ithebula 1. Umehluko phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezocansi abasebenzisa i-Internet kanye nabasebenzisi bezocansi abangaphandle kwe-Intanethi Mayelana nobudala, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cybersex, umlutha we-cybersex, imibuzo yemibuzo, kanye noxhumana nabo kwezocansi okuvezwa ngu t Ukuhlolwa Kwamasampula Ozimele

Ithebula 2. Inani nephesenti le-IPU kanye Nabahlanganyeli be-NIPU Abakhombisile Besebenzisa Izicelo Eziningi Ezicacile zeCybersex

Imiphumela ye-paradigm yokulinga ye-IPU ne-NIPU ikhonjisiwe ku Umfanekiso we-1. Njengoba kuboniswe ngu t izivivinyo zamaqembu athembekile, isethulo sezithombe ezingcolile siholele ekwandeni kokuvuswa kocansi (M_t1= 14.14, SD= 21.71, M_t2= 27.63, SD= 25.19, t= -5.53, p<0.001, Cohen's d amasampula athembekile = 0.56) kanye nesidingo sokushaya indlwabu (M_t1= 6.13, SD= 12.01, M_t2= 21.06, SD= 26.84, t= -6.85, p<0.001, Cohen's d amasampula athembekile = 0.86) ngaphakathi kwesampula yonke.

Buka inguqulo enkulu (36K)

I-FIG. I-1.  Imiphumela yesethulo sesithombe sokuhlola izithombe zobulili ezingcolile sabasebenzisi besifazane abasebenzisa izithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi (i-IPU) nabasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi ezingezona eze-inthanethi (i-NIPU). Amabha wephutha amele ukuphambuka okujwayelekile.

Imininingwane mayelana nokulanda

Mayelana nokulinganiswa kokuvuswa kocansi kwezithombe zocansi, ukuphindaphindwa kwezinyathelo zokuhlaziywa kokwehluka (ANOVA) ne-within-factor (10 izigaba zezithombe zocansi) kanye ne-one-factor (group) yenziwa. Imiphumela ikhombise umphumela obalulekile wesigaba sezithombe (ama-Wilks's Λ = 0.25, F(9, 91) = 29.95, p<0.001, ingxenye η²= 0.75). Lokhu kusho ukuthi bekunomehluko phakathi kokulinganiswa kokuvuswa kocansi kwezigaba zezithombe eziyi-10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana kwe-factor-factor kanye ne-between-factor kwakubalulekile (i-Wilks's Λ = 0.78, F(9, 91) = 2.86, p<0.01, ingxenye η²= 0.22). Lokhu kusho ukuthi bekukhona umehluko phakathi kwe-IPU ne-NIPU mayelana nokukalwa kwezithombe zocansi. Njengoba kuboniswe ngu t izivivinyo zamaqembu azimele, isilinganiso sokuvusa inkanuko yobulili kuzo zonke izigaba zezithombe zocansi ze-10 zaziphezulu e-IPU (M_IPU= 2.29, SD= 0.63, M_I-NIPU= 1.76, SD= 0.65, t= 4.20, p<0.001, Cohen's d amasampula azimele = 0.83), nokuthi i-IPU ibike ukwanda okuqinile kokuvuselela umzimba kwezocansi (M_IPU= 20.90, SD= 33.06, M_I-NIPU= -1.04, SD= 27.58, t= 3.62, p<0.001, Cohen's d amasampula azimele = 0.72) kanye nesidingo sokushaya indlwabu ngenxa yesethulo sezithombe zocansi (M_IPU= 19.67, SD= 23.51, M_I-NIPU= 10.10, SD= 19.20, t= 2.24, p<0.05, Cohen's d amasampula azimele = 0.45).

Ngokuphathelene ne-IPU, i-s-IATsex yaxhunyaniswa nokuhlukahluka kocwaningo lweparadigm kanye nemibuzo. Imiphumela iboniswa ku Ithebula 3. Isikhathi esichithwe kuma-cybersex ngokujwayelekile ngesonto futhi asihambelani nenombolo yokuxhumana ngocansi ezinsukwini zokugcina ze-7 (r= 0.04, p= 0.77) noma izinyanga zokugcina ze-6 (r= - 0.05, p= 0.71) noma nokweneliseka ngemvamisa (r= 0.20, p= 0.16) noma ikhwalithi (r= 0.15, p= 0.30) koxhumana nabo kwezocansi. I-s-IATsex ayihambelani nenombolo yokuxhumana ngocansi ezinsukwini zokugcina ze-7 (r= -0.02, p= 0.90) noma izinyanga zokugcina ze-6 (r= -0.14, p= 0.33) noma nokweneliseka ngemvamisa (r= -0.06, p= 0.69) noma ikhwalithi (r= 0.01, p= 0.95) koxhumana nabo kwezocansi.

Ithebula 3. Pearson Correlations of the s-IATsex with Izinkomba Zokuzitika Ngocansi Ngenxa Yezithombe Ezingcolile, Idatha Yemibuzo, kanye nokusetshenziswa Kwe-cybersex kwe-IPU

Ngokuphathelene ne-IPU, kwahlaziywa ukuhlaziywa kwe-hierarchical regression ukuze kubikezelwe i-s-IATsex. "Isilinganiso sezithombe zocansi" sisebenza njengesibikezeli sokuqala futhi sichaze i-9.30% yokuhluka kwe-s-IATsex, F(1, 49) = 5.03, p= 0.03. Ukungeza i-craving1 Δ kanye ne-craving2 Δ kwibhlokhi yesibili kuholele ekukhuleni okukhulu kwencazelo yokuhluka (izinguquko ku R²= 0.15, izinguquko ngaphakathi F(2, 47) = 4.68, p= 0.01). Ukungeza inani elisho i-SES, i-HBI, ne-BSI (GSI) ebhlokini lesithathu, incazelo yokuhluka kwe-s-IATsex yanda kakhulu (izinguquko ku R²= 0.14, izinguquko ngaphakathi F(3, 44) = 3.40, p<0.001). Yonke imodeli yahlala ibalulekile, R²= 0.38, F(6, 44) = 4.61, p≤0.001. Amanye amanani we-regression aboniswa ku Ithebula 4.

Ithebula 4. I-Hierarchical Regression Ihlaziya Ukubikezela I-s-IATSex Score njengesihambi Esiguqukayo Ngaphakathi kweqembu le-IPU

Imiphumela emqoka yocwaningo lwethu ikhombisa ukuthi i-IPU yabesifazane ilinganise izithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi njengokuvusa kakhulu futhi yabika ukufisa okukhulu ngenxa yokwethulwa kwezithombe zocansi kwe-Intanethi kuqhathaniswa ne-NIPU. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso sokuvuselela ngokocansi kwezithombe, isifiso, ukuthambekela kokuya ocansini, ukuzibandakanya ocansini okuyinkinga, kanye nobunzima bezimpawu zengqondo kubikezela ukuthambekela kokulutha kwe-cybersex ku-IPU. Ukuba sebuhlotsheni, inani labathintana ngocansi, ukwaneliseka ngoxhumana nabo kwezocansi, nokusebenzisa i-cybersex exhumana akuzange kuhlotshaniswe nomlutha we-cybersex. I-hypothesis yokwanelisa umlutha we-cybersex nayo ibonakala isebenza kubantu besifazane. Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela iqhaza elibalulekile lokulindela nokwamukela ukwaneliseka ngokocansi ekuthuthukiseni umlutha we-cybersex ku-IPU yobulili obuhlukile ngokuqhathaniswa naleyo ebikelwe abesilisa.^17,18,21

Ukutholwa kokuthi ukuthambekela kokuya ocansini okucashile okucatshangelwa ukulutha kwe-cybersex kwabesifazane ku-IPU kudinga ukudingidwa ngokuqondene nesizinda se-cue reseacity kanye nokulangazelela ngaphakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwemilutha. Ocwaningweni lokuncika kwezidakamizwa, ukwenziwa kwe-cue kuye kwachazwa njengomphumela wokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kwezidakamizwa lapho izindlela zokufunda ziholela ekuhlanganyeleni kwezinhlangano zangaphakathi nezemvelo ngemiphumela yokuqinisa umuthi.¹⁹ Njengomphumela wokuma kwesimo sangaphambilini, izinkambo ezazingathathi hlangothi ziyahlatshwa umbandela, zibikezela ngokwenzeka komphumela obekulindelwe.³² Okusho ukuthi, uma umphumela olindelekile womuntu womuthi ungenzeki, ukulangazelela njengoba isidingo sokudla umuthi kungavela ukufeza umphumela obulindelwe.^20,33 Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ukuthi ukuvusa inkanuko yezocansi kuhlobene nokwenza kusebenze nge-mesolimbic kwabesilisa nabesifazane,³⁴ ukuthi ukuvuswa kocansi kuqinisa kakhulu,³⁵ nokuthi ukuvuswa kocansi kungalungiswa,^36,37 kubonakala kunengqondo ukunamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu ezinhlelweni zokufunda ekuthuthukiseni umlutha we-cybersex. Ngokuhambisana ne-hypothesis yokwanelisa,²¹ izindlela zokufunda kufanele ziholele ekuhlanganyeleni kwezangaphakathi (isib. ukuthinta) kanye / noma ngaphandle (isb., ikhompiyutha) kukhomba ngomvuzo otholwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-cybersex kuholele ekuhleleni kabusha kwento nokukhanuka.²¹ Ukuthola kwethu kuhambisana nocwaningo lwezinto nezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha.^38-43

I-IPU ibike ubukhulu obukhulu bokuzijabulisa okuya ocansini uma kuqhathaniswa ne-NIPU, kanye nesethulo lokuzijabulisa ngocansi, ukuzibandakanya kocansi okuyinkinga, kanye nobuphawu bezimpawu zengqondo kubikezela ukuthambekela kokulutha kwe-cybersex ngaphakathi kwe-IPU. Ubungako obuphakeme bezimpawu zocansi buhambisana nokuqiniswa okucatshangwa okuhle nge-cybersex. Kwabesilisa, kukhonjisiwe ukuthi ukuthokozisa ucansi kuhlobene nokuziphatha okuyingozi kocansi okuhambisana nokungahloniphi imiphumela emibi engahle ibe khona.^44,45 Njengoba lokhu kuyisici esiyisisekelo sezimilo zokulutha, kubonakala kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi isisekelo sokuzijabulisa ngocansi kuwukuchaza isimo somuntu ngamunye sokulutha kwe-cybersex. Olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abesilisa basebenzisa i-cybersex ukuphathwa kwemizwa.^6,46 Ukutholwa kokuthi uphawu lokwehlukaniswa kwengqondo ngokuqina komlutha we-cybersex kukhonjisiwe ngaphambili kwabesilisa abathandanayo.¹⁸ Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuziphatha okuyinkinga kobulili kukhonjiswe kuhlotshaniswa nomlutha we-cybersex. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cybersex yokuthuthukisa imizwa kungaqondakala njengento eyingozi ebamba umlutha we-cybersex. Abantu abathambekele ekucasukeni ezocansi futhi basebenzise umdlandla wokuya ocansini ngokulawula imizwa bangahle basebenzise ubulili bebonke ukuze bathole ukuqiniswa futhi babhekane nezinkinga noma imizwa engemihle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyilapho imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside ingaziwa. Eqinisweni, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi ukuvusa inkanuko yocansi ngokuvamile kuyaphazamisa ukwenza izinqumo.^30,47 Lokhu kufanele kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abayimilutha ye-cybersex, ngoba ukufisa kungaphazamisa ukulindela kwemiphumela emibi. Imiphumela yethu iphakamisa nokuthi ukuthambekela kwabesifazane ekubhekaneni nokulutha kwe-inthanethi kocansi akuhlobene nokuxhumana kwangempela kwempilo. Ukuqhathaniswa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane,²¹ isinxephezelo sokulahleka noma ukungagculisi koxhumana nabo bezocansi akuyona into ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umlutha we-cybersex.

Okutholakele kulolu cwaningo kunomthelela ekuqondeni umlutha we-cybersex kwabesifazane abathandanayo. Kwi-IPU yabesifazane, amaphethini okusabela maqondana nokuvuka kobulili ayaqhathaniswa nalawo aku-IPU wesilisa.^18,21 Le miphumela isekela i-hypothesis yokwanelisa njengenqubo eyinhloko ekuthuthukisweni komlutha we-cybersex, okuwukuthi, ukuthi isimo esivusa inkanuko ngokocansi kuholela ekuphindweni kabusha kwengqondo, ekulangazeleleni nasekusebenziseni i-cybersex okuphindaphindekayo ngaphakathi kobuso bemiphumela emibi evela kulokhu kuziphatha. Ukuzikhuxula ngokocansi, ukuzibandakanya kocansi okuyinkinga, kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwezimpawu ngokomqondo kungaqondakala njengezici ezichazayo zokulutha kwe-cybersex.

Azikho izintshisekelo zezimali ezincintisanayo ezikhona.