abstract
Isingeniso
Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lube nemiphumela eminingi empilweni ejwayelekile, yengqondo neyocansi. Njengoba kuke kwabikwa umehluko wobulili ekuphoqelekeni ngokocansi (SC) esikhathini esedlule futhi i-SC ixhunywe ezenzakalweni ezimbi kanye nokucindezeleka kwengqondo, ucwaningo lwamanje luhlose ukuphenya izinhlangano phakathi kwalezi zici kumongo wemikhawulo yokuxhumana phakathi ne-COVID- 19 ubhubhane eJalimane.
izindlela
Siqoqe idatha yamaphoyinti ezikhathi ezinhlanu kumaphoyinti amane okulinganisa okubukelwa emuva kusampula le-inthanethi elisebenziseka kalula (n T0 = 399, n T4 = 77). Siphenye umthelela wobulili, izimo zengqondo eziningi ezihlobene nobhubhane, ukufuna imizwa (Isikali Sokufuna Imizwa Kafushane), kanye nokucindezeleka kwengqondo (Isiguli-Impilo-Imibuzo-4) ekushintsheni kwe-SC (okukalwa ngenguqulo eguquliwe ye-Yale- I-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale) phakathi kwe-T0 ne-T1 (n = 292) ekuhlaziyweni kokuhlehla komugqa. Ukwengeza, inkambo ye-SC ngesikhathi sobhubhane yahlolwa ngemodeli exubile eqondile.
Imiphumela
Ubulili besilisa babuhlotshaniswa ne-SC ephakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nobulili besifazane ngaphezu kwawo wonke amaphuzu okulinganisa. Iminyaka yobudala, ukuba sebudlelwaneni, ukuba nendawo yokuhlehla kwakuhlotshaniswa noshintsho lokwehlisa i-SC ngesikhathi sokuqala sobhubhane. Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kwakuhlotshaniswa ne-SC emadodeni, kodwa hhayi kwabesifazane. Amadoda, abike ukwanda kokucindezeleka kwengqondo futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abike ukwanda kwe-SC.
Ingxoxo
Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kubonakala kuhlobana ne-SC ngendlela ehlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yethonya elihlukile elijabulisayo nelivimbelayo kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngesikhathi sodlame. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela ikhombisa umthelela wezimo zengqondo ezihlobene nobhubhane ngezikhathi zemikhawulo yokuxhumana.
Isingeniso
Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lube nezomnotho (Pak et al., 2020), social (U-Abel no-Gietel-Basten, 2020) kanye nemiphumela yempilo yengqondo (U-Ammar et al., 2021) emhlabeni wonke. Ngenkathi iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) imemezela ukuqubuka kwe-COVID-19 njengobhubhane ngoMashi 11th Ngo-2020, amazwe amaningi asabela ngokunquma kwezinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuhamba komphakathi (“ukuvalwa kwezindawo”). Le mikhawulo yokuxhumana ibisukela ezincomweni nje zokuthi abantu bahlale ekhaya kuye esikhathini esinzima sokufika ekhaya. Imicimbi eminingi yokuzijabulisa yahlehliswa noma yakhanselwa. Inhloso yale mikhawulo bekuwukwehlisa izinga lokutheleleka (“yenza ijika ijika”) ngokusebenzisa imikhawulo yokuhamba kanye nemikhawulo yezenhlalo. Ngo-Ephreli 2020 "ingxenye yabantu" yayivaliwe (Sandford, 2020). Kusuka ku-22nd kaMashi kuya ku-4th ngoMeyi, uhulumeni waseJalimane wakhipha imingcele yokuxhumana ehilela ukungahlangani namaqembu abantu, akukho ukuxhumana “okungenasidingo” ngokujwayelekile kanye nabantu abaningi abasebenza ekhaya. Ngezikhathi zobunzima, abantu ngabanye bathinteka ngendlela ehlukile futhi basebenzisa amasu ahlukene okubhekana nawo. Enkingeni eqhubekayo ye-COVID-19, kube nemibiko yokwanda kwezinkinga zomphakathi njengodlame lwasekhaya (U-Ebert & Steinert, 2021kanye nokwenyuka kophuzo oludakayo (Morton, 2021).
Ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa, (ukwesaba) ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi kanye nenkinga yezomnotho (I-Döring, 2020) ukuqubuka kwe-COVID-19 kwakha isenzakalo sempilo esicindezelayo kubantu abaningi. Kunobunye ubufakazi, bokuthi lo bhubhane kanye nokuvalwa kwawo kungase kuthinte amadoda nabesifazane ngendlela ehlukile. Emakhaya amaningi eJalimane, umsebenzi wokunakekela awuzange wabelwa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabo bobabili abalingani (U-Hank & Steinbach, 2021), okuholela ezidingweni ezahlukene ekubhekaneni nalolu bhubhane. Ocwaningweni mayelana nobukhulu bokuqonda kobhubhane, I-Czymara, Langenkamp, and Cano (2021) kubika ukuthi abesifazane babekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuphathwa kokunakekelwa kwezingane ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwezindlu kunabesilisa, ababekhathazeke kakhulu ngomnotho nomsebenzi okhokhelwayo (U-Czymara et al., 2021). Ukwengeza, ocwaningweni lwase-US, omama babika ukuthi banciphisa amahora abo okusebenza ngokuphindwe kane noma kahlanu kunobaba phakathi nemingcele yokuxhumana (Collins, Landivar, Ruppanner, & Scarborough, 2021). Kunobunye ubufakazi, bokuthi ukukhathazeka ngempilo kwabathinta kakhulu abesifazane kunabesilisa ngesikhathi sobhubhane (U-Özdin no-Özdin, 2020).
Njengoba lolu bhubhane luthonya izingxenye ezinkulu zempilo yenhlalo yabantu, kubalulekile ukuba nomthelela nasezimpilweni zocansi zabantu. Izimo ezahlukahlukene zethonya le-COVID-19 ezimpilweni zabantu zocansi kungenzeka ukuthi bezilindelwe ngokwembono: Ukwanda kocansi lobambiswano (kanye “ne-corona baby boom”), kodwa futhi nokwehla kobudlelwano bocansi (ngenxa yokungqubuzana okwengeziwe ngenxa yalokho. ukuvalelwa) kanye nokwehla kocansi olungajwayelekile (I-Döring, 2020).
Enye idatha isiqoqiwe kakade mayelana nomthelela wobhubhane empilweni yezocansi. Ngenkathi ezinye izifundo (isb UFerrucci et al., 2020; Fuchs et al., 2020) kubike ukwehla kokusebenza kocansi nokusebenza kocansi, ezinye izifundo zidwebe isithombe esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, Wignall et al. (2021) kubika amazinga ehla esifiso socansi kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuvinjelwa komphakathi, kodwa ukwanda kwesifiso kubantu abashadile. Ukwengeza, abahlanganyeli bezocansi abambalwa babike ukwanda kwesifiso, uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abathandana nobulili obuhlukile.
Ekuhlolweni okukhulu kwamazwe amaningi U-Štuhlhofer et al. (2022), iningi labahlanganyeli libike intshisekelo yocansi engashintshile (53%), kodwa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu (28.5%) ibike ukwanda kwezithakazelo zocansi phakathi nalolu bhubhane. Eqenjini labantu abanokwanda kwentshisekelo yocansi, akukho mphumela wobulili obikiwe, kanti abesifazane babike ukwehla kwezithakazelo zocansi kaningi kunabesilisa (Štulhofer et al., 2022).
Ocwaningweni olwenziwe nesampula yomtholampilo wesifazane waseTurkey, U-Yuksel no-Ozgor (2020) ithole ukwanda kwesilinganiso sokuvama kokuya ocansini emibhangqwaneni ngesikhathi sobhadane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ababambiqhaza bocwaningo babike ukwehla kwezinga lempilo yabo yocansi (U-Yuksel no-Ozgor, 2020). Ngokuphambene nalokhu okutholakele, U-Lehmiller, uGarcia, uGesselman, noMark (2021) babike ukuthi cishe ingxenye yesampula yabo ye-inthanethi yase-US-American (n = 1,559) babike ukwehla komsebenzi wabo wocansi. Ngaso leso sikhathi, abantu abasha abahlala bodwa futhi becindezelekile, bandise umlando wabo wezocansi ngemisebenzi emisha yocansi (U-Lehmiller et al., 2021). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifundo zibike ukwanda kwezenzo zocansi kanye nokuphoqeleka ngokocansi (SC) ngezikhathi zokuvalwa. Isibonelo, ocwaningweni lwesikhathi eside lokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili kubantu abadala baseMelika, abacwaningi babike ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kokuqala. Amazinga aphakeme okusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ehle afika kumazinga avamile kuze kube ngu-August 2020 (Grubbs, Perry, Grant Weinandy, & Kraus, 2022). Ocwaningweni lwabo, ukusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwehle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwabesilisa futhi kwahlala kuphansi futhi kungashintshile kwabesifazane. Umuntu angaqagela ukuthi ukwanda okubikwe emhlabeni wonke ekusetshenzisweni kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile emasontweni okuqala alolu bhubhane, okungenani kungahle kube ngenxa yokunikezwa kwamahhala kweyodwa yamawebhusayithi ezithombe zocansi ethandwa kakhulu (Gxila ku-inthanethi, 2020). Intshisekelo eyandayo yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokuvamile yabikwa emazweni anenqubomgomo eqinile yokuvala umnyango (Zattoni et al., 2021).
Njengoba ukuziphatha kocansi kushintsha phakathi nalolu bhubhane, kubalulekile ukubheka izimo lapho ukuziphatha kocansi kungaba yinkinga, isibonelo esimweni se-Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD). Kusukela ngo-2018, i-CSBD iwukuxilongwa okusemthethweni ku-ICD-11 (I-World Health Organization, i-2019). Abantu abane-CSBD babika izinkinga zokulawula izifiso zabo zocansi kanye nokucindezeleka ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo ngokocansi. Lawa amanye amalebula alandelayo asetshenziselwe lokhu kuphazamiseka kwezocansi esikhathini esidlule: ubulili obudlulele, ukuziphatha okungalawuleki kocansi, ukuthatheka ngokocansi kanye nokuba umlutha wocansi (UBriken, 2020). Ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa ukungakwazi kwabantu abathintekayo ukulawula izifiso zabo zobulili nokuziphatha, okuthinta izici eziningana zokuphila. Njengoba umqondo wokuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile kuye kwaphikiswana ngakho esikhathini esidlule (UBriken, 2020; IGrubbs et al., 2020), lezi zakhiwo azihambisani ngokuphelele. Ukwengeza, akulona lonke ucwaningo olusebenzisa ukuxilonga okusemthethweni (isb ukuhlolwa komuntu siqu noma ukunqanyulwa kohlu lwemibuzo), ngokuvamile kuvame ukubika ukuziphatha okuphoqelekile kocansi ngokwengxenye (U-Kürbitz no-Briken, 2021). Sizosebenzisa igama elithi ukuphoqeleka ngokocansi (SC) emsebenzini wamanje, njengoba singahloli nje kuphela ukuziphatha okuyimpoqo, kodwa futhi nemicabango eyimpoqo ngesikali esishintshiwe se-Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).
I-SC ibixhunywe ezinkingeni zempilo yengqondo esikhathini esedlule. Isibonelo, umthwalo omkhulu onezinkinga ezingokwengqondo uhlotshaniswe namazinga aphezulu e-SC kanye nezimpawu ze-SC eziningi. I-SC ixhunywe nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa (I-Bőthe, Tóth-Király, Potenza, Orosz, & Demetrovics, 2020; UCarvalho, Štulhofer, Vieira, noJurin, 2015; Levi et al., 2020; UWalton, uLykins, noBhullar, ngo-2016; IZlot, iGoldstein, iCohen, neWeinstein, i-2018), ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa (U-Antonio et al., 2017; Diehl et al., 2019), I-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (Ukuxabana, Briken, Stein, & Lochner, 2019; Levi et al., 2020), amazinga okucindezeleka aphezulu (I-Werner, iStulhofer, iWaldorp, neJurin, i-2018), kanye namazinga aphezulu e-comorbidity yengqondo (I-Ballester-Arnal, Castro-Calvo, Giménez-García, Gil-Juliá, & Gil-Llario, 2020).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye umehluko wobulili ekuxhumaneni kwe-SC okubikiwe (ukuze uthole ingxoxo ejulile bheka U-Kürbitz no-Briken, 2021). Isibonelo, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kutholakale kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nobunzima bezimpawu ze-SC emadodeni uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane (Levi et al., 2020). Esifundweni sabo, uLevi et al. ibike ukuthi i-OCD, ukukhathazeka nokudangala kubala i-40% yokuhluka kwe-SC emadodeni kodwa kuphela i-20% yokuhluka kwe-SC kwabesifazane (Levi et al., 2020). Ukufuna izinzwa ngokuvamile kuchazwa njengokuthambekela komuntu ukufuna izehlakalo ezishukumisayo nendawo ezungezile (Zuckerman, 1979). Ukwehluka kobulili ezicini zobuntu ezihlotshaniswa ne-SC, njengokufuna imizwa, kuye kwabikwa esikhathini esidlule. Ngokwesibonelo, Reid, Dhuffar, Parhami, and Fong (2012) ithole ukuthi unembeza uhlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-SC emadodeni, kanti ukuthatheka (ukufuna injabulo) kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-SC kwabesifazane (Reid et al., 2012).
Kunobufakazi bokuqala bokuthi ingcindezi ehlobene nobhubhane ingase ithinte i-SC. Ocwaningweni lwabafundi basenyuvesi, U-Deng, u-Li, u-Wang, no-Teng (2021) ihlole ukuphoqeleka ngokocansi okuhlobene nengcindezi ehlobene ne-COVID-19. Esikhathini sokuqala (February 2020), ingcindezi ehlobene ne-COVID-19 yayihlotshaniswa kahle nokucindezeleka kwengqondo (ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka), kodwa yahlotshaniswa kabi nezimpawu zokuphoqeleka ngokobulili. NgoJuni 2020, abantu ababike ingcindezi ephezulu ehlobene ne-COVID-19 ngoFebhuwari, nabo babike amanani aphezulu e-SC.
Njengoba i-SC ixhunywe ebulilini, ukufuna imizwa kanye nokucindezeleka kwengqondo, kungacatshangwa ukuthi lezi zici zihlotshaniswa ne-SC, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zobhubhane, lapho abantu bethola amazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka kanye namathuba ambalwa okwenza ngokuvumelana nokuthambekela kwemizwa. efuna. Ngakho-ke ocwaningweni lwamanje sihlole (1) ukuthi ubudala, ukufuna imizwa, ukuhambisana nemikhawulo yokuxhumana, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, ukuhlala endaweni ngaphandle kokukhetha ukuhlehla komuntu siqu noma isimo sobudlelwane kuhlotshaniswa noshintsho lwe-SC ekuqaleni kwalolu bhubhane; (2) sihlole ukuthi ubulili bungumengameli walezi zinhlangano; futhi (3) sacabanga ukuthi izimpawu ze-SC zashintsha ngesikhathi sobhubhane, nezimpawu ze-SC eziphakeme emadodeni.
izindlela
Isakhiwo sokufunda
Sihlole ababambiqhaza abangu-404 kusetshenziswa inhlolovo ye-inthanethi ye-longitudinal engaziwa nge-Qualtrics phakathi nemikhawulo yokuxhumana ye-COVID-19 eJalimane. Inombolo encane kuphela (n = 5) yabahlanganyeli babonise ukuhlonza njengabangeyena owesilisa noma owesifazane, okuvimbela ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo okuvumelekile kwaleli qembu. Ngakho, leli qembu elincane alifakwanga ekuhlaziyweni. Ulwazi locwaningo lwasatshalaliswa ngezinkundla zokuxhumana kanye nabasabalalisi be-imeyili abehlukene. Imibandela yokufakwa yayiyimvume yokwaziswa yokubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni nokuba neminyaka engu-18 okungenani. Sibhalise ukuchofoza okungu-864 ekhasini lethu lokubikezela. Bangu-662 abantu abafinyelele lolu cwaningo. Ngamaphuzu amane okulinganisa (bona Ithebula 1), sicele ababambiqhaza ngokulandela emuva ukuthi bahlole ulwazi lwabo locansi kanye nokuziphatha ngezikhathi ezinhlanu ngesikhathi kuqala ubhubhane. I-T0 ne-T1 yahlolwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Isakhiwo sokufunda
| Iphoyinti lokulinganisa (inyanga/unyaka) | Uhlaka Lwezithenjwa | Izinyanga ezihloliwe | Ubukhulu bemikhawulo yokuxhumana | N | |
| T0 | 06/2020 | Izinyanga ezi-3 ngaphambi kobhubhane | 12 / 2019-02 / 2020 | Ayikho imikhawulo yokuxhumana | 399 |
| T1 | 06/2020 | Izinyanga ezi-3 ngesikhathi sobhubhane | 03 / 2020-06 / 2020 | Imikhawulo eqinile, ihhovisi lasekhaya, ukuvalwa kwezindawo zokusebenza ezingabalulekile, awekho imaski eyisibopho | 399 |
| T2 | 09/2020 | Izinyanga ezi-3 ngesikhathi sobhubhane | 07 / 2020-09 / 2020 | Ukunciphisa Imikhawulo | 119 |
| T3 | 12/2020 | Izinyanga ezi-3 ngesikhathi sobhubhane | 10 / 2020-12 / 2020 | Ukwethulwa kabusha kwemikhawulo, “isibani sokukhiya”* | 88 |
| T4 | 03/2021 | Izinyanga ezi-3 ngesikhathi sobhubhane | 01 / 2021-03 / 2021 | Imikhawulo, "isibani sokukhiya" | 77 |
Note. Wonke amaphuzu okulinganisa ahlolwe ngokubuyela emuva. “Ukukhanya okukhiyayo” eJalimane kwachazwa ngokukhawulela ukuxhumana nomphakathi emizini emibili, ukuvala ukuhweba okudayisa, imboni yezinsiza, kanye ne-gastronomy kodwa ukuvulwa kwezikole nezindawo zokunakekela izingane. Kwaphakanyiswa ihhovisi lasekhaya.
Izindlela
Ukukala i-SC, sasebenzisa i-Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS; UGoodman et al., 1989) okuvamise ukusetshenziselwa ukukala ubunzima bezimpawu ezinkingeni eziphoqayo. Isikali sishintshiwe ukuze kuphenywe imicabango yocansi eyeqisayo kanye nokuziphatha kocansi okuyimpoqo ngezinto ze-20 ku-Likert Scale kusuka ku-1 (akukho msebenzi/akukho ukonakala) kuya ku-5 (ngaphezulu kuka-8 h/extreme). I-Y-BOCS isetshenziswe kolunye ucwaningo ngesampula yabasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile abaphoqelekile, lapho ababhali babike khona ukuvumelana okuhle kwangaphakathi (α = 0.83) nokuthembeka okuhle kokuhlolwa kabusha (r (93) = 0.81, P <0.001) (IKraus, Potenza, Martino, & Grant, 2015). Uhlu lwemibuzo lwe-Y-BOCS lukhethiwe, ngoba luvumela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemicabango nokuziphatha okuphoqelekile ngokocansi. I-Y-BOCS ikala isikhathi esichithwe sokuzicabangela ngokweqile nokuphoqelelwa, ukonakala okuzicabangelayo, imizamo yokulawula kanye nokuzizwisa kokulawula. Ihluka esikalini sokulinganisa i-CSBD, ngokungagxili emiphumeleni emibi, kanye nokusebenzisa imicabango yocansi nokuziphatha njengamaqhinga okubhekana nesimo. Ukulinganisa ubukhali be-SC, sisebenzise izikolo ezinqamuliwe ze-Y-BOCS (ezifana ne UKraus et al., 2015). Ukuhunyushwa kwesiJalimane kohlu lwemibuzo lwe-Y-BOCS (Hand & Büttner-Westphal, 1991) yasetshenziswa futhi yalungiselwa ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile, ncamashi njengasemsebenzini we Kraus et al. (2015).
I-Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS) ikala umuzwa ofuna njengobukhulu bobuntu obunezinto ezingu-8 kusikali se-Likert ukusuka ku-1 (angivumi nhlobo) kuye ku-5 (ngivumelana ngokuqinile). I-BSSS iqinisekisiwe kubantu abahlukene futhi inokungaguquguquki okuhle kwangaphakathi (α = 0.76) nokuba semthethweni (UHoyle, uStephenson, uPalmgreen, uLorch, noDonohew, 2002). I-BSSS yahunyushelwa kwisiJalimane ngababhali ngendlela yokuhumusha - emuva futhi yahlolwa isikhulumi sesiNgisi esinekhono.
I-Patient-Health-Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4; uhla lwemibuzo lwezomnotho oluqukethe izinto ze-4, ukulinganisa ukucindezeleka kwengqondo mayelana nezimpawu zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka ngesilinganiso se-Likert esingu-4 kusuka ku-1 (akukona neze) kuya ku-4 (kakhulu). ikhubazekile). I-PHQ-4 iqinisekisiwe ngokwethembeka okuhle kwangaphakathi (α = 0.78) (Löwe et al., 2010) kanye nobuqiniso (Kroenke, Spitzer, Williams, & Löwe, 2009). I-PHQ-4 ishicilelwe ngolimi lwesiJalimane.
Ukuhlola izimo zengqondo ezihlobene nobhubhane, sibuze ababambiqhaza ukuthi banayo yini indawo yokuphumula ekhaya labo. Ukuvumelana nemikhawulo yokuxhumana kwahlolwa ngento eyodwa esikalini se-Likert samaphoyinti angu-5 (“Ubambelele kangakanani emikhawulweni yokuxhumana?”).
Ukuhlaziywa kwesitatimende
Kumodeli yomugqa wokuhlehla, siphenye ukuhlotshaniswa kwezinto ezihlukile ezizimele nezinguquko ekuphoqelekeni kocansi. Sichaze ukuhluka okuncikile njengoshintsho oluhlobene nobhubhane lokuphoqeleka ngokocansi ukusuka ku-T0 kuye ku-T1 (T1-T0). Okuguquguqukayo okuzimele (qhathanisa Ithebula 4) yayihlanganisa i-sociodemographic (ubulili, ubudala), ubudlelwano (isimo sobudlelwano, indawo yokuhlehla), i-COVID-19 (ukuvumelana nemikhawulo yokuxhumana, ukwesaba ukutheleleka), nezici ezingokwengqondo (ukufuna imizwa, izinguquko ekucindezelekeni kwengqondo). Umehluko kulezi zici phakathi kwabahlanganyeli besilisa nabesifazane uhlolwe ngemiphumela yokusebenzisana yoshintsho ekucindezelekeni kwengqondo, ukuhambisana nemikhawulo yokuxhumana kanye nokufuna ukuzwa ngobulili. Siphinde sahlola i-hypothesis yokusebenzisana phakathi kokuvumelana nemikhawulo yokuxhumana kanye nokufuna ukuzwa kumodeli yokuhlehla. Sisebenzise izinga lokubaluleka α = 0.05. Kumodeli yethu yokuhlehla sifake amacala kuphela anedatha ephelele yazo zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo (n = 292). Ushintsho lwesikolo se-Y-BOCS ngaphezu kwamaphoyinti esikhathi amahlanu lumodelwe ngemodeli exubile yomugqa. Isihloko sithathwe njengomphumela ongahleliwe, njengemiphumela engaguquki ubulili, isikhathi nokuxhumana phakathi kobulili nesikhathi kufakwe kumodeli. Ngale ndlela esekelwe okungenzeka yedatha engekho, izilinganiso zepharamitha ezingachemile namaphutha ajwayelekile zingatholakala (Graham, 2009). Ukubala kwenziwa ngezibalo ze-IBM SPSS (Inguqulo 27) kanye nesofthiwe ye-SAS (Inguqulo 9.4).
Ethics
Ucwaningo lugunyazwe ikomidi lendawo lezimiso zengqondo le-University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (inkomba: LPEK-0160). Ukuphenya imibuzo yethu yocwaningo, uhlu lwemibuzo olujwayelekile lwenziwe ngenkundla ye-inthanethi ye-Qualtrics©. Bonke abahlanganyeli banikeze imvume yokwaziswa okuku-inthanethi ngaphambi kokubamba iqhaza.
Imiphumela
Izici zesampula
Isampula yayiqukethe n = 399 abantu ngabanye ku-T0. Kulokhu, ama-24.3% abike izinga elincane le-SC, abantu abangu-58.9% babike amaphuzu amancane e-SC, kanti abangu-16.8% babike ukuthikamezeka okumaphakathi noma okunzima yi-SC. U-29.5% wabesilisa kanye no-10.0% wabesifazane babeseqenjini elilinganiselayo/eliqinile, lokho ngokwesilinganiso kwakuncane kunamanye amaqembu (qhathanisa Ithebula 2).
Izici zesampula eziyisisekelo zabahlanganyeli abahlukaniswe ubunzima bokuphoqeleka ngokocansi
| Isici Sesampula | I-subclinical (n = 97, 24.3%) | Imnene (n = 235, 58.9%) | Okumaphakathi noma Kunzima (n = 67, 16.8%) | Ingqikithi (n = 399) |
| Ubulili, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 72 (74.2) | 162 (68.9) | 26 (38.8) | 260 (65.2) |
| Male | 25 (25.8) | 73 (31.1) | 41 (61.2) | 139 (34.8) |
| Ubudala, Okushoyo (SD) | 33.3 (10.2) | 31.8 (9.8) | 30.9 (10.5) | 32.0 (10.0) |
| Imfundo, n (%) | ||||
| Isikole Esiphakathi noma ngaphansi | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | 1 (1.5) | 3 (0.8) |
| Isikole Sasezansi | 10 (10.3) | 24 (10.2) | 6 (9.0) | 40 (10.0) |
| Idiploma yesikole samabanga aphezulu | 87 (89.7) | 209 (88.9) | 60 (89.6) | 356 (89.2) |
| Isimo sobudlelwane, n (%) | ||||
| Akukho buhlobo | 33 (34.0) | 57 (24.3) | 24 (35.8) | 114 (28.6) |
| Nginothize engithandananaye | 64 (66.0) | 178 (75.7) | 43 (64.2) | 285 (71.4) |
| Umsebenzi, n (%) | ||||
| Isikhathi esigcwele | 51 (52.6) | 119 (50.6) | 34 (50.7) | 204 (51.1) |
| Okwesikhashana | 33 (34.0) | 93 (39.6) | 25 (37.3) | 151 (37.8) |
| Ayisebenzi | 13 (13.4) | 23 (9.8) | 8 (11.9) | 44 (11.0) |
| Ukufuna ukuzwa, Kusho (i-SD) | 25.6 (8.4) | 28.9 (7.9) | 31.0 (8.4) | 28.5 (8.3) |
| Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo ku-T0, Mean (SD) | 2.4 (2.3) | 2.3 (2.2) | 2.7 (2.3) | 2.4 (2.3) |
| Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo ku-T1, Mean (SD) | 4.1 (3.2) | 3.8 (2.7) | 4.9 (3.4) | 4.1 (3.0) |
Inothi. Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kukalwa nge-Patient-Health-Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4); Ukufuna Imizwa kukalwe Ngesikali Sokufuna Ukuzwa Okufushane (BSSS).
Iningi labantu libike izinga eliphezulu lemfundo (ekhombisa ukuya enyuvesi). Kuwo womathathu amaqembu, iningi labahlanganyeli libike ukuthi lithandana. Amazinga okuqashwa ngokuvamile ayephezulu. Amazinga okufuna ukuzwela ayephezulu eqenjini eline-SC emaphakathi noma eqinile. Amazinga okucindezeleka kwengqondo (PHQ-4) ahluka phakathi kwe-Timepoint T0 kanye ne-T1 (qhathanisa Ithebula 2).
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-attrition
Ekuqaleni, abantu abangu-399 babambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lwe-T0/T1. Kwa-T2, abantu abangu-119 kuphela abagcwalise uhlu lwemibuzo (29.8%, qhathanisa Ithebula 1). Izinombolo zokubamba iqhaza zilokhu zehla kumaphuzu okulinganisa ku-T3 (abantu abangama-88, 22.1%) kanye ne-T4 (abantu abangu-77, 19.3%). Njengoba lokhu kuholele ekubeni ngaphezu kuka-40% wedatha engekho ku-T4, sinqume ukungasebenzisi ama-imputations (qhathanisa Jakobsen, Gluud, Wetterslev, & Winkel, 2017; UMadley-Dowd, Hughes, Tilling, & Heron, 2019). Ukuqhathaniswa kwabahlanganyeli ekuqaleni kanye nabahlanganyeli abaqede ukulandelela kokugcina kwembule ukusatshalaliswa okuqhathanisekayo kwezici zesampula ezilinganisiwe. Ngokufuna ukuzwa kuphela, umehluko phakathi kwala maqembu amabili watholakala (Ithebula 3). Njengoba izici zabahlanganyeli endaweni yokulinganisa yokugcina zaziqhathaniswa nokusatshalaliswa ekuqaleni, ukuhlaziya imodeli exubile ye-longitudinal kwakhethwa ukubika izifundo zangaphakathi komuntu ngamunye ze-Y-BOCS ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-attrition
| Isici Sesampula | Ingqikithi (n = 399) | Ukulandelela kuqedwe ku-T4 (n = 77) | p |
| Ubulili, n (%) | .44 | ||
| Female | 260 (65.2) | 46 (59.7) | |
| Male | 139 (34.8) | 31 (40.3) | |
| Ubudala, Okushoyo (SD) | 32.0 (10.0) | 32.5 (8.6) | .65 |
| Imfundo, n (%) | .88 | ||
| Isikole Esiphakathi noma ngaphansi | 3 (0.8) | 1 (1.3) | |
| Isikole Sasezansi | 40 (10.0) | 8 (10.4) | |
| Idiploma yesikole samabanga aphezulu | 356 (89.2) | 68 (88.3) | |
| Isimo sobudlelwane, n (%) | .93 | ||
| Akukho buhlobo | 114 (28.6) | 23 (29.9) | |
| Nginothize engithandananaye | 285 (71.4) | 54 (70.1) | |
| Umsebenzi, n (%) | .64 | ||
| Isikhathi esigcwele | 204 (51.1) | 40 (51.9) | |
| Okwesikhashana | 151 (37.8) | 26 (33.8) | |
| Ayisebenzi | 44 (11.0) | 11 (14.3) | |
| Ukufuna ukuzwa, kusho (SD) | 28.5 (8.3) | 26.7 (7.8) | .04 |
| Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo e-T0, Mean (SD) | 2.4 (2.3) | 2.4 (2.3) | .91 |
| Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo e-T1, Mean (SD) | 4.1 (3.0) | 4.3 (3.1) |
Inothi. Ukufuna Imizwelo kukalwa ngeSikali Sokufuna Imizwa Emfishane (BSSS); Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kukalwa nge-Patient-Health-Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4).
Ukuthembeka
Sibale inkomba yokwethenjwa i-Alpha ka-Cronbach yezilinganiso zokucindezeleka kwengqondo (PHQ-4), ukuphoqeleka ngokocansi (Y-BOCS) nokufuna ukuzwa (BSSS) kuwo wonke amaphuzu esikhathi asetshenziswa ekuhlaziyweni kwezibalo. Ukuthembeka bekukuhle ku-PHQ-4 ngaso sonke isikhathi (α phakathi kuka-0.80 no-0.84). Imiphumela yamukelekile ku-Y-BOCS ngezikhathi zesikhathi T0 kanye ne-T1 (α = 0.70 kanye no-0.74) futhi engabazekayo ngesikhathi amaphuzu T2 kuya T4 (α phakathi kuka-0.63 no-0.68). Ku-BSSS, ukwethembeka kwakwamukelwa ngazo zonke izikhathi (α phakathi kuka-0.77 no-0.79).
Ukuphoqeleka ngokocansi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
Abahlanganyeli besilisa babonise amaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu e-Y-BOCS uma kuqhathaniswa nabahlanganyeli besifazane (p < .001). Nakuba amaphuzu e-Y-BOCS ehluke kakhulu phakathi nenkathi yokufunda (p < .001), ukusebenzisana phakathi kobulili nesikhathi bekungabalulekile (p = .41). Izindlela eziseceleni ezivela kumodeli exubile yomugqa zibonisa ukwenyuka kokuqala kwesikolo se-Y-BOCS sisuka ku-T0 siye ku-T1 kubo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane (Umdwebo 1). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amaphuzu amaphakathi abuyele kumazinga ayeqhathaniseka nesilinganiso sangaphambi kobhubhane.
Note. I-Y-BOCS isho i-marginal esuka kumodeli exubile yomugqa enezilinganiso eziphindaphindiwe zezihloko njengomphumela ongahleliwe. Imithelela engaguquki kwakuwubulili, isikhathi kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kobulili nesikhathi. Amabha wamaphutha amele izikhathi zokuzethemba ezingu-95% zezindlela ezisemaphethelweni. I-Y-BOCS: I-Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale
Ukucaphuna: Ijenali Yemilutha Yokuziphatha 11, 2; 10.1556/2006.2022.00046
Imodeli yokuhlehla yomugqa
Sibika okutholwe kokuhlaziywa kokuhlehla okuningi ekuhlanganisweni kokuguquguquka okumbalwa okubikezelayo kanye nezinguquko ekuphoqelekeni ngokocansi ku Ithebula 4. Kutholwe isibalo sokuhlehla esibalulekile (F (12, 279) = 2.79, p = .001) nge R 2 kwe.107.
Ukuhlehla okuningi kwezibikezelo ezihlukene ezinguqukweni zokuphoqeleka ngokocansi (t1-t0, n = 292)
| β | 95% CI | p | |
| Ngenisa | 3.71 | ||
| Ubulili besilisa | 0.13 | (−2.83; 3.10) | .93 |
| Ubudala | -0.04 | (−0.08; −0.00) | .042 |
| Nginothize engithandananaye | -1.58 | (−2.53; −0.62) | .001 |
| Shintsha ku-PHQ-4 | 0.01 | (−0.16; 0.19) | .885 |
| Shintsha ku-PHQ-4 * Ubulili besilisa | 0.43 | (0.06; 0.79) | .022 |
| Ukuthobela imithetho ye-COVID-19 | 2.67 | (−1.11; 6.46) | .166 |
| Ukuthobela imithetho ye-COVID-19 * Ubulili besilisa | 0.29 | (−1.61; 2.18) | .767 |
| Ukufuna | 0.02 | (−0.04; 0.08) | .517 |
| Ukufuna umuzwa * Ubulili besilisa | -0.01 | (−0.11; 0.10) | .900 |
| Indawo yokuphumula | -1.43 | (−2.32; −0.54) | .002 |
| Ukwesaba ukutheleleka | 0.18 | (−0.26; 0.61) | .418 |
| Ukuthobela imithetho ye-COVID-19 * Ukufuna Imizwa | -0.08 | (−0.20; 0.04) | .165 |
Inothi. I-PHQ: Uhlu Lwemibuzo Yezempilo Yesiguli; Ukufuna Imizwa kukalwe kusetshenziswa Isikali Sokufuna Imizwa Emfishane.
Kumodeli yokwehla (R 2 = .107), ubudala obudala buhlotshaniswa noshintsho lokwehlisa i-SC phakathi nokuvalwa kokuqala. Futhi ukuba sebudlelwaneni nokuba nendawo yokuhlehla emzini womuntu kwahlotshaniswa nokushintsha kwe-SC encane. Ababambiqhaza babike ukwehla kwe-SC ukusuka ku-T0 ukuya ku-T1, lapho besebudlelwaneni noma benendawo yokuhlehla ekhaya labo. Ushintsho ekucindezelekeni kwengqondo kusuka ku-T0 kuya ku-T1 (okuguquguqukayo: ukuguqulwa kwe-PHQ) akuzange kube nomthelela omkhulu ekushintsheni kwe-SC kuphela, kodwa kuphela ngokuhambisana nobulili (β = 0.43; 95% CI (0.06; 0.79)). Amadoda, abike ukwanda kokucindezeleka kwengqondo futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abike ukwanda kokuphoqeleka ngokocansi (R 2 = .21 kumodeli ye-bivariate), kuyilapho lo mphumela ubungabalulekile kwabesifazane (R 2 = .004). Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kwakuhlotshaniswa ne-SC emadodeni, kodwa hhayi kwabesifazane (qhathanisa Umdwebo 2). Ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo ye-COVID-19, ukufuna imizwa nokwesaba ukutheleleka akuhlotshaniswa noshintsho ku-SC.
Ukusebenzisana Kwezingcindezi Zengqondo kanye Nobulili Kuzikolo ze-SC Inothi. I-PHQ: Uhlu Lwemibuzo Yezempilo Yesiguli; I-Y-BOCS: I-Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale; Abesifazane: R 2 umugqa = 0.004; Madoda R 2 umugqa = 0.21
Ukucaphuna: Ijenali Yemilutha Yokuziphatha 11, 2; 10.1556/2006.2022.00046
Ingxoxo
Siphenye ukuhlotshaniswa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezingokwengqondo nezinguquko ku-SC kwabesilisa nabesifazane ekuqaleni kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19. Ngenkathi iningi labantu libike izimpawu ze-SC ezingaphansi noma ezithambile, ama-29.5% amadoda kanye ne-10.0% yabesifazane babike izimpawu ezimaphakathi noma ezinzima ze-SC ngaphambi kokuqala kwalolu bhubhane. Lawa maphesenti aphansi kancane kulawo we Engel et al. (2019) ababike i-13.1% yabesifazane kanye nama-45.4% abesilisa abanamazinga e-SC anyukile kusampula yangaphambi kobhubhane oluvela eJalimane, kukalwa nge-Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI-19, Reid, Garos, & Umbazi, 2011). Izinombolo eziphezulu ngokuqhathaniswa zivame ukubikwa kumasampula alula (isb I-Carvalho 2015; I-Castro Calvo 2020; U-Walton noBhullar, 2018; Walton et al., 2017). Kusampula yethu, amadoda abike izimpawu ze-SC eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane kuwo wonke amaphuzu okulinganisa. Le miphumela ihambisana nokutholwe kwangaphambilini kwezimpawu eziphezulu ze-SC emadodeni uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane (UCarvalho et al., 2015; Castellini et al., 2018; I-Castro-Calvo, Gil-Llario, Giménez-García, Gil-Juliá, & Ballester-Arnal, 2020; Dodge, Reece, Cole, & Sandfort, 2004; U-Engel et al., 2019; U-Walton noBhullar, 2018). Umphumela wobulili oqhathanisekayo ubonwe ekuziphatheni kocansi emphakathini jikelele (U-Oliver & Hyde, ngo-1993), okuyinto ngokuvamile ephakeme emadodeni.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-24.3% kuphela esampula yethu abonisa amazinga amancane e-SC. Lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthatha isampula ngokweqile kwabantu abazabalaza ngobulili babo, njengoba bebengase bazizwe bedingidwa yilesi sihloko socwaningo noma ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-Institute for Sex Research. Kungenjalo, ithuluzi i-Y-BOCS lingase lingahlukanisi ngokwanele phakathi kwamazinga ahlukene okubonakala kwezimpawu ngokuya nge-SC. Noma i-Y-BOCS eguquliwe ike yasetshenziswa ngaphambili ukuze kuhlolwe ukuqina kwezimpawu emadodeni athanda ubulili obuhlukile (UKraus et al., 2015), leli thuluzi lakhiwe futhi laqinisekiswa ukuthi i-obsessive-compulsive disorder hhayi eye-SC. Lokhu kukhawulela inani elifundisayo lamaphuzu anqunyiwe abikiwe, okumele ahunyushwe ngokuqapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifundo se- Hauschildt, Dar, Schröder, and Moritz (2019) iphakamisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-Y-BOCS njengendlela yokuzibika esikhundleni sokuthi kube yinhlolokhono yokuxilonga kungase kuthonye imiphumela kuze kube manje ukuthi ubukhali bezimpawu bungase bubukeke buphansi. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kufanele lwenziwe ukuze kuphenywe izici ze-psychometric zokujwayela kwe-Y-BOCS kwe-SC futhi kumiswe leli thuluzi kubantu abanezimpawu ze-SC.
Njengoba bekulindelekile, imiphumela yamanje ikhombisa ukuhlangana phakathi kokucindezeleka kwengqondo ne-SC ngesikhathi semikhawulo yokuxhumana ehlobene nobhubhane. Ngokwengqikithi yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, esikutholile kuqhathaniswa nokutholwe yi-COVID-XNUMX Deng et al. (2021), lapho ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kwabikezela ukuphoqeleka ngokocansi. Ngesikhathi semikhawulo yokuqala yokuxhumana, abesilisa nabesifazane babike i-SC ephakeme, uma kuqhathaniswa nangaphambi kwemikhawulo. Lokhu okutholakele kuhambisana nokutholwe yi Grubbs et al. (2022), ababike amazinga aphakeme okusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kanye nokuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile kuze kube ngu-August 2020. Kusampula yabo, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwahlala kuphansi futhi kungashintshile kwabesifazane. Ocwaningweni lwamanje, abesilisa nabesifazane babike amazinga aphezulu e-SC ku-T1, ehle kwaze kwaba yi-T2. Njengoba leli phethini lingase libonise ithonya lokucindezeleka kwengqondo ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kanye nomzamo wokubhekana nezitolo zocansi, kubalulekile ukugcina amanye amathonya engqondweni, isib. Iwebhusayithi yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile i-Pornhub enikeza ubulungu bamahhala ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kokuqala (Gxila ku-inthanethi, 2020).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yocwaningo lwamanje ikhomba ukuthi ukuba sebudlelwaneni nokuba nendawo yokuhlehla kwakuhlotshaniswa nokuncipha kwe-SC. Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kukodwa akuzange kube nomthelela omkhulu ekushintsheni kwe-SC, kodwa kuphela ngokuhambisana nobulili. Ukwanda kokucindezeleka kwengqondo kwakuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwe-SC kwabesilisa kodwa hhayi kwabesifazane. Lokhu kuhambisana nocwaningo lwe Engel et al. (2019) owathola ukuhlobana kwezimpawu zokucindezeleka ezinamazinga aphezulu e-SC emadodeni, uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane. Ngokufanayo, Levi et al. (2020) kubika ithonya eliphezulu le-OCD, ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka ku-SC emadodeni. Kube nokwanda kokucindezeleka ngokwengqondo ekuqaleni kwalolu bhubhane uma kuqhathaniswa nangaphambi kwalolu bhubhane kubo bobabili ubulili, kodwa lokhu kukhuphuka akuhlobene nokwanda kwe-SC kwabesifazane. Le miphumela iqinisa ukucabanga (qhathanisa U-Engel et al., 2019; Levi et al., 2020) ukuthi amadoda athambekele kakhulu ekuphenduleni ekucindezelekeni kwengqondo nge-SC, uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane. Lapho usebenzisa lokhu okutholakele kumodeli Edidiyelwe ye-CSBD (UBriken, 2020), kuyathandeka ukuthi imikhawulo ye-COVID-19 ithinte imithelela evimbelayo nejabulisayo ekuziphatheni kocansi okuhlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Nakuba, ngokwalo modeli, izici zokuvimbela inhibitory kwabesifazane zivame ukuvezwa kakhudlwana, izici ezivusa amadlingozi zazingenamandla kubo njengakwabesilisa. Lokhu kungachazwa ngokucatshangwa ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwengqondo ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwabesifazane kwakuhlotshaniswa nokuvinjelwa kocansi (isb. ngenxa yomzamo owengeziwe wokunakekela izingane noma ukukhathazeka, qhathanisa. Štulhofer et al., 2022). Kwabesilisa, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kwakuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwe-SC. Lokhu kungachazwa ngokucabangela ukuthi imithelela evimbelayo (isb. ukuzibophezela komsebenzi, imikhawulo yesikhathi) ayeqiwe futhi ngenxa yalokho kungenzeka ukuthi yenyusile i-SC. Le mibono iqiniswa yilokho okutholwe yi UCzymara et al. (2021), owabika ukuthi amadoda ayekhathazeke kakhulu ngezomnotho kanye neholo kunabesifazane, ababekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuphatha izingane (U-Czymara et al., 2021).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka ukuthi amadoda abike ukuphoqeleka kwawo ocansini ngokukhululekile, njengoba lokhu kulindelekile ngokwesiko emadodeni, kubhekiselwa “kwizinga elikabili locansi” (Carpenter, Janssen, Graham, Vorst, & Wicherts, 2008). Njengoba sisasebenzisa uhlu lwemibuzo olufanayo kanye nezikolo ezinqanyuliwe zabesilisa nabesifazane, kungenzeka ukuthi izilinganiso zamanje ziholela ekubikweni kancane kwe-SC kwabesifazane (qhathanisa U-Kürbitz no-Briken, 2021). Kuncane okwaziwayo ngezimbangela zomzimba zomehluko obhekiwe wobulili ku-SC. I-dysregulation ye-hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis yaboniswa emadodeni ane-hypersexual disorder, okubonisa ukuphendula kwengcindezi (Chatzittofis et al., 2015). Kolunye ucwaningo, awekho amazinga aphezulu e-testosterone eplasma atholakala emadodeni ane-hypersexual disorder, uma kuqhathaniswa namadoda anempilo (Chatzittofis et al., 2020). Kodwa-ke, izindlela zebhayoloji ezidala umehluko wocansi ku-SC azikakaboniswa ngokwanele.
Esifundweni sethu, ubudala obuncane buhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwe-SC kusuka ku-T0 kuya ku-T1. Njengoba Lehmiller et al. (2021) bathole ukuthi ikakhulukazi abantu abancane nabacindezeleke kakhulu abahlala bodwa bakhulisa umlando wabo wezocansi, lokhu kungachaza umehluko othile kusampula yethu enezimpawu ze-SC ezithambile. Njengabantu kusampula yethu babebancane impela (iminyaka yobudala = 32.0, SD = 10.0), bebengasebenzisa lesi sikhathi ukuhlola ucansi futhi ngaleyo ndlela babike ukuziphatha okuningi nemicabango yocansi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuba nendawo yokuhlehla kwakuhlotshaniswa ne-SC encane. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yomsebenzi wocansi wedwa kuwuhlobo lokuhlehla lulodwa. Ngakho-ke, abantu abangakwazi ukuhlehla, bangase bazizwe benesifiso esikhulu sokwenza kanjalo, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kwe-SC. Ukungakwazi ukuhlehla kwabanye abantu nakho kungase kube uhlobo lokucindezeleka, ngaleyo ndlela kuthande umthwalo ongokwengqondo ophakeme kulaba bantu.
Imiphumela yamanje ayizange ibonise ukuhlobana kokufuna ukuzwa, ukusebenzisana kokufuna imizwa kanye nobulili noma ukusebenzisana kokuvumelana nokufuna ukuzwa nge-SC, nakuba ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lubonise izinhlangano phakathi kokufuna imizwa kanye ne-SC kwabesifazane (Reid, 2012).
Imithelela
Okutholwe ocwaningweni lwamanje kusikisela ukuthi amadoda, abantu abangenabo ubudlelwano kanye nabantu abangabodwana abangenayo indawo yokuhlala emakhaya abo (isb. abantu abanezinselele zenhlalo-mnotho abahlala ezindaweni ezincane zokuhlala), bangathinteka ikakhulukazi ukuphoqeleka ngokocansi.
Imikhawulo yokuxhumana ehlobene nalolu bhubhane isiguqule izimpilo nempilo yocansi yabantu emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba i-SC ibonakala idlala indima ekubhekaneni nokucindezeleka, kuyatuseka ukuhlola izinguquko empilweni yezocansi yeziguli ekululekeni noma ezilungiselelweni zokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezingamadoda, ezingashadile noma ezihlala ezindaweni ezivaliwe. Njengoba imiphumela yamanje ikhombisa ukuphinyiselwa kwe-SC kusampula esitholakala ku-inthanethi, kungacatshangwa ukuthi i-SC isebenza njengendlela yokubhekana nokucindezeleka kwengqondo okuhlobene nobhubhane, ikakhulukazi emadodeni. Ukwakhiwa kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile kubantu abasengozini kuyancomeka esikhathini esizayo.
Amandla nokulinganiselwa
Umkhawulo owodwa walolu cwaningo ukukalwa kabusha kwe-T0 (ngaphambi kobhubhane), ngoba imiphumela yenkumbulo ibingahle ihlanekezele imiphumela ngokwezinga elithile. Sisebenzise uhlu lwemibuzo lwe-Y-BOCS ukukala i-SC, engahambelani nesigaba sokuxilonga se-Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder ku-ICD-11, ngakho-ke lokhu okutholakele akukwazi ukufakwa okuvamile kulesi sigaba sokuxilonga. Amandla awodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthi inguqulo eguquliwe ye-Y-BOCS eyasetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwamanje ikwazile ukukala imicabango eyimpoqo kanye nokuziphatha ngokuningiliziwe. Sisebenzise izikolo ezisikiwe ze-Y-BOCS ngezikolo ezisikiwe njengoba kuphakanyiswe ngu UGoodman et al. (1989) ye-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder kanye nokusetshenziswa ngu Kraus et al. (2015) esixukwini samadoda anobulili obuhlukile. Njengoba ingekho idatha evamile esebenzayo, ukunqanyulwa kungase kungafani.
Ezifundweni ezizayo, kungajabulisa ukuphenya ngokuningiliziwe, yiziphi izinguquko ezihlotshaniswa ne-SC kwabesifazane. Njengoba i-10% yabesifazane ibika amazinga amaphakathi noma aqinile e-SC, ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo ludinga ukufaka ababambiqhaza besifazane. Okunye okuguquguqukayo (okufana nokuba sengozini kwengcindezi, impilo yomzimba kanye nokwesekwa komphakathi) kungase kube izibikezelo ezifanele futhi kufanele kuphenywe ezifundweni ezizayo. Ukwengeza, kungajabulisa ukuhlaziya kabusha imibono yocwaningo lwamanje kusampula nge-CSBD.
Omunye umkhawulo wocwaningo lwamanje ukulinganiselwa okujwayelekile kwabantu abaningi, njengoba isampula lincane ngokuqhathaniswa, idolobha futhi lifundile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikwazanga ukubika idatha yawo wonke umkhakha wobulili. Ukwengeza, izinto eziningi ezishintshashintshayo ezingase zidide (isb. isimo sokuqashwa, inani lezingane, indlela yokuhlala, izingxabano) azikalawuleki. Lokhu kufanele kukhunjulwe lapho kuchazwa imiphumela.
iziphetho
Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi ubulili besilisa bube yingozi ku-SC esigabeni sokuqala sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19. Ikakhulukazi, amadoda anokucindezeleka kwengqondo okwandisiwe athinteka. Ukwengeza, ubudala obuncane, ukungashadi futhi ukungabi namfihlo ekhaya kwakuyizici eziyingozi ekuthuthukisweni kwe-SC. Lokhu okutholakele kungase kusize umsebenzi womtholampilo mayelana nokubhekana nezimo kanye nokunaka ukusabela kocansi kumongo wokucindezeleka kwengqondo.
Imithombo yokuxhasa ngezimali
Lolu cwaningo alutholanga imali yangaphandle.
Umnikelo wabalobi
Umqondo wokufunda nokuklama: JS, DS, WS, PB; ukutholwa kwedatha: WS, JS, DS; ukuhlaziywa nokuchazwa kwedatha: CW, JS, LK; ukuqondisa isifundo PB, JS; ukwakhiwa kombhalo wesandla: LK, CW, JS. Bonke ababhali babe nokufinyelela okugcwele kuyo yonke idatha ocwaningweni futhi banesibopho sobuqotho bedatha kanye nokunemba kokuhlaziywa kwedatha.
Ukungqubuzana kwesithakazelo
Abalobi bathi akukho mpikiswano yenzuzo.
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