Ukwehluka kobulili ebudlelwaneni bokuSebenza Ngocansi Ngokuthanda Okucacile Nokucacile Ngokuthanda Ucansi Nokufuna Ucansi: Ucwaningo Oluyisibonelo Lomphakathi (2018)

UJacques van Lankveld, uKenny Wolfs no-Andrea Grauvogl (2018)

Umehluko wobulili ebudlelwaneni bokuSebenza Ngocansi Ngokuthanda Okucacile Nokucacile Ukuthanda Ucansi kanye nokufuna ucansi: Ucwaningo Oluyisibonelo Lomphakathi,
I-Journal Sex Research,
I-DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1542656

abstract

Ucwaningo olukhona luhlose ukuphenya izinhlangano zokuzenzakalela okuzenzakalelayo nezilawulwayo nokusebenza ngocansi, kanye nokulinganiselwa kwalezi zinhlangano ngokusebenza kwenkumbulo yokusebenza kusampula yomphakathi yabesifazane abathandanayo nabobulili obuhlukile (N = 65) namadoda (N = 51). Ababambiqhaza basebenzise izivivinyo ezimbili ze-Implicit Association Tests (ST-IATs) ezimbili zokuhlola ukuthanda okungaqondile kanye nokufuna izikhuthazi ezingavumelani nezocansi. I-Surin Opinion Survey (SOS) isetshenziselwe ukuhlola ukuthanda ucansi ngokusobala. I-International Index ye-Erectile Function (IIEF) ne-Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) zisetshenziselwe ukuhlola ukusebenza kocansi. Umthamo wememori yokusebenza wahlolwa kusetshenziswa iTowers of Hanoi task and mood using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Kubabambiqhaza besifazane, amazinga aphakeme okusebenza kocansi abambisene nezinhlangano ezinamandla eziqinile zezisusa zobulili ngokufuna, kanti ukuthanda ucansi okungaqondile bekungahlobene nezinga lokusebenza kocansi. Kubahlanganyeli besilisa, amazinga aphakeme okusebenza kocansi abambisene ngokuthanda okuthe xaxa kwezisusa zobulili, kanti ukufuna ucansi okungaqondile bekungahlangene nokusebenza kocansi. Izikolo eziphakeme ze-erotophilia bezihlobene namazinga aphezulu wokusebenza kocansi kwabesifazane nakwabesilisa, kepha izimpawu zokukhathazeka nokudangala bezingahlobene nokusebenza kocansi. Umthamo wememori yokusebenza awuzange ulinganise ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-erotophilia nokusebenza kocansi.

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Iyakwazi ukubhala ngaphezulu izimpendulo ezizenzekelayo (ezingacabangi) (Hofmann & Friese, 2008 UHofmann, W., & Isi-Friese, M. (2008). Imikhuba yaba ngcono kimi: I-Alcohol ihambisa umthelela wezimilo ezingekho emthethweni zokudla kokuziphatha. I-Journal ye-Psychology engavamile, 117, 420-427. doi:10.1037 / 0021-843X.117.2.420[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; I-Strack & Deutsch, 2004 I-Strack, F., & Deutsch, R. (2004). Ukucacisa okucasulayo nokuphoqayo kokuziphatha komphakathi. Ubuntu Nokubuyekezwa Kwezengqondo Zomphakathi, 8, 220-247. doi:I-10.1207 / s15327957pspr0803_1[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), kepha ukusebenza kwayo ngobuhlakani kuncike ekutholakaleni kwe-WMC. Ukuncipha ku-WMC, ngakho-ke, kukhubaza umsebenzi olawulayo wokuqashelwa okulawulwayo, futhi vumela izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo zilawule imiphumela yokuziphatha kanye nokuma komzimba. Uma isetshenziswa ebucansini, imiyalo yenqubo-inqubo emibili ibikezela ukuthi i-WMC esezingeni eliphansi noma encishisiwe izothuthukisa umthelela we (ongema) we-appraisals othomathikhi futhi inciphise lokho (okuhle) okulawulwayo kokusebenza kocansi. Izinhlangano ezizenzakalelayo zithathwa njengezibonisa ama-stereotypes ajwayelekile amasiko adluliswa nge-socialization (Nosek et al., 2009 Nosek, BA, I-smyth, I-FL, I-Sriram, N., ULindner, I-NM, I-Devos, T., I-Ayala, A., ... I-Greenwald, AG (2009). Umehluko kuzwelonke kuma-stereotypes wobulili abikezela umehluko wobuzwe bobuzwe kwezesayensi kanye nokuphumelela kwezibalo. Izinqubo ze-National Academy of Sciences yase-United States of America, 106, 10593-10597. doi:10.1073 / pnas.0809921106[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; USteffens noBuchner, 2003 USteffens, MC, & I-Buchner, A. (2003). 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Umfanekiso we-1.  Imodeli yenqubo eyimbili yomsebenzi wobulili.

Khombisa usayizi ogcwele

Izakhi ezahlukahlukene zemodeli yenqubo-mbili yokusebenza kocansi ihlolwe ngamandla. Iqembu lokuqala lezifundo elizobuyekezwa ligxile esicini somkhawulo wokucubungula amandla wokuqonda. Ezifundweni eziningana zokuhlola phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, kusetshenziswa ama-paradigms womsebenzi ophindwe kabili noma okuphazamisayo, izimpendulo zocansi lobulili zitholwe ziyehluka ngokuya ngokutholakala komthamo wokucutshungulwa kolwazi (i-Adams, iHaynes, neBrayer, 1985 Adams, AE, III, UHaynes, SN, & I-Brayer, MA (1985). Ukuthikamezeka kwengqondo ekuvuseleleni kwabesifazane ngokobulili. I-Psychophysiology, 22, 689-696. doi:10.1111 / j.1469-8986.1985.tb01669.x[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; U-Anderson noHamilton, 2015 Anderson, AB, & I-Hamilton, I-LD (2015). Ukuhlolwa kokuphazamiseka kusuka ekuvuseleleni okuvusa inkanuko ngokungenela okungelona iqiniso. Umbhalo wocwaningo lwezocansi, 52, 317-326. doi:10.1080/00224499.2013.876608[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; U-Elliott no-O'Donohue, 1997 U-Elliott, AN, & O'Donohue, I-WT (1997). Imiphumela yokukhathazeka nokuphazamiseka ekuvuseleleni kwezocansi kusampula engeyona eyakhe yabesifazane abathandanayo. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 26, 607-624.[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; IGeer neFuhr, 1976 IGeer, JH, & UFuhr, R. (1976). Izici zokuqonda ekuvuseleleni kwezocansi: Indima yokuphazamiseka. Ijenali yokubonisana kanye neClinical Psychology, 44, 238-243. doi:10.1037 / 0022-006X.44.2.238[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; ISalemink & van Lankveld, 2006 I-Salemink, E., & van Lankveld, JJ (2006). Imiphumela yokwanda kokuphazamiseka kokungathathi hlangothi ekuphenduleni ngokocansi kwabesifazane abanezinkinga zocansi noma ngaphandle. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 35, 179-190. doi:10.1007/s10508-005-9014-2[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; van Lankveld & Bergh, 2008 van Lankveld, JJDM, & Bergh, S. (2008). Ukuxhumana kwezimpawu zesimo kanye nomkhondo wokuzinaka okugxile kuwe kuthinta izitho zangasese, kodwa hhayi okucashile, ukuvusa inkanuko ngokocansi kwabesifazane abasebenza ngocansi. Ukuziphatha Nokucwaninga Kwendlela Yokuziphatha, 46, 514-528. doi:10.1016 / j.brat.2008.01.017[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; van Lankveld & van Den Hout, 2004 van Lankveld, JJDM, & van Den Hout, MA (2004). Ukwanda kokuphazanyiswa okungathathi hlangothi kuvimbela izitho zangasese kepha hhayi okuzibandakanya ocansini kwabesilisa abasebenza ngocansi nabangasebenzi kahle. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 33, 549-558. doi:10.1023 / B: ASEB.0000044739.29113.73[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Qaphela ukuthi lezi zifundo, ngesikhathi zazenziwa futhi zishicilelwa, zazingakhelwanga njengezivivinyo zokubikezela okususelwa kumodeli yenqubo ekabili. Esikhundleni salokho babeklanywa, ngokwesibonelo, njengokuhlola imiphumela yokuphazamiseka, ukukhuphuka komthwalo wokuqonda, kanye nokwehla kwamandla okubheka ekuvuseleleni ngokocansi nokuzithoba. Izimpendulo zobulili ezenzakalweni ezivusa inkanuko zitholakale zincipha lapho umsebenzi wesibili, owenziwe ngasikhathi sinye, wokuqonda ubamba izingxenye ezinkulu ngokwengeziwe zomthamo wokucubungula okhona, yize ezinye izifundo, ngokuphambene, zithole ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kusiza izimpendulo ze-erectile (Abrahamson, Barlow, Sakheim, Beck , & Athanasiou, 1985 U-Abrahamson, UDJ, I-Barlow, DH, USakheim, DK, U-Beck, JG, & I-Athanasiou, R. (1985). Imiphumela yokuphazamiseka ekuphenduleni ngokocansi emadodeni asebenzayo futhi angasebenzi kahle. Ukwelapha Okuziphatha Kakhulu, 16, 503-515. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(85)80028-9[Crossref], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; UJanssen, u-Everaerd, uVan Lunsen, no-Oerlemans, 1994 IJanssen, E., I-Everaerd, W., UVan Lunsen, RH, & Ama-Oerlemans, S. (1994). Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kokuqina kwengqondo kokuvuka kwe-erectile (WEA) kwengqondo ngokuxilongwa kwesifo. Urology, 43, 686-695; ingxoxo 695-686. doi:10.1016/0090-4295(94)90185-6[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]).

Esibalweni esincane sezifundo, i-Implicit Association Test (IAT) paradigm (Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 I-Greenwald, AG, McGhee, DE, & USchwartz, JL (1998). Ukulinganisa umehluko ngamunye ekuqapheleni okusobala: Ukuhlolwa Okuhlanganisiwe Kwenhlangano. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480. doi:10.1037 / 0022-3514.74.6.1464[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) isetshenziselwe ukuvivinya enye into kusuka kwimodeli yenqubo e-nambili, okungukuthi, umnikelo osondelene wokuzihlanganisa ozenzakalelayo nolawulwa ngethonya lesisusa sokusetshenziselwa ezocansi. I-IAT ihlose ukukala amandla ezinhlangano ezizenzakalelayo kwimemori phakathi kwamabili ama-concepts (anqunyelwe ngababili okuhlosiwe futhi imfanelo ngazimbili). Ukuze benze kanjalo, ababambiqhaza bayalwa ukuba babele izikhuthazi ezivela esikrinini sekhompyutha ezigabeni ngokucindezela okhiye ababekiwe kukhibhodi yabo. Inkomba ye-IAT ibalwa kusukela ekuhlukaneni kwezikhathi zokuphendula phakathi kokuqala kwesikhuthazo nezimpendulo zokhiye wokucindezela ezinhlanganisweni ezahlukahlukene zombhangqwana womqondo. Sibhekisa kunqubo yokucabanga eyisisekelo ngokuthi "ukuzenzakalela uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa" lapho sixoxa ngezinkinga zomqondo kanye nemiphumela yokulinganisa elinganisiwe njenge- "okusobala ngokuqhathaniswa nokusobala" lapho sixoxa ngemininingwane kanye nokutholakele. Esifundweni samanje, kusetshenziswe i-Single-Target Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT), okuwukuguqulwa okukodwa kwe-IAT (Bluemke & Friese, 2008 I-Bluemke, M., & Isi-Friese, M. (2008). Ukwethembeka nokuba semthethweni kwe-single-Target IAT (ST-IAT): Ukuhlola ukuthinteka okuzenzakalelayo maqondana nezinto eziningi zesimo sokucinga. I-European Journal ye-Social Psychology, 38, 977-997. doi:I-10.1002 / ejsp.487[Crossref], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ku-IAT, kufakwa imikhakha emibili ephikisanayo okuqondiswe kuyo ethi imele okuvela ngokwemvelo (isb. Amadoda kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane, i-animate versus inanimate). Imikhakha enjalo ephikisayo ayitholakali kalula ukuze ivuseleleke ngokocansi, futhi ngakho-ke ukushukunyiswa ngokocansi kwakusetshenziswa njengesigaba sokuqondisa okukodwa.

Esicwaningweni sokubuka, izinhlangano ezingafakwanga zokungena kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngokunengwa nokwesatshiswa kwahlolwa (iBorg, de Jong, & Weijmar Schultz, 2010 Borg, C., de Jong, PJ, & I-Weijmar Schultz, W. (2010). I-Vaginismus kanye ne-dyspareunia: Ukuphendula okuzenzakalelayo vs. ngamanyala okuphendula ngamabomu. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 7, 2149-2157. doi:10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2010.01800.x[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) usebenzisa ama-ST-IAT amabili. Abesifazane abanenkinga yobuhlungu bezocansi noma i-vaginismus batholakala bekhombisa ukuzihlanganisa okuqinile phakathi kocansi nokuzenyanya kunokuba bebenabesifazane abangenangqondo. Ocwaningweni phakathi kwabadala abasebasha abanempilo, ukuzibandakanya kobudlelwano be-ST-IAT okuhlobene nobulili bekungahlobene ngokuqinile nokusebenza kocansi noma izimpendulo zobulili obucashile noma ezilandelanayo ezivusa inkanuko ye-erotic (Grauvogl et al., 2015 I-Grauvogl, A., de Jong, P., Peters, M., Izikhathi, S., van Zembiwa, M., & van Lankveld, J. (2015). Ukunyanyeka nokuvuselela ezocansi kwabesilisa nabesifazane abadala. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 44, 1515-1525. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0349-4[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Kokunye isifundo se-ST-IAT (uBrauer et al., 2012 I-Brauer, M., van Leeuwen, M., IJanssen, E., Indlu entsha, SK, UHeiman, JR, & I-Laan, E. (2012). Ukuqashelwa okuqondayo nokubonakalayo kwesisusa sobulili kwabesifazane abanesifiso sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuluthakathaka. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 41, 891-905. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9820-7[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), abesifazane abatholwe ngaleso sikhathi nge-hypoactive sexifiso disorder (HSDD) bakhombise ukungabi nampilo (kepha hhayi engemihle kakhulu) izinhlangano ezigcwele zokungena kwabesifazane besimame ngobuhle, uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abasebenza ngocansi.

UValence ubamba iqhaza kuzo zombili izinkomba ("ukuthanda") nezishukumisayo ("zokufuna") ezingaba nemiphumela eyehlukile ekusebenzeni ngocansi (Dewitte, 2015 I-Dewitte, M. (2015). Ukwehluka kobulili ekuthandeni nasekufuneni ubulili: Ukuhlola indima yesimo esishukumisayo nokusebenza okucacile nokuqhathaniswa. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Zombili lezi zinhlobo zohlelo lokuthathwa kwezimpawu zifakwe emcabangweni wemizwa (bheka uFrijda, 1993 I-Frijda, NH (1993). Indawo yokuhlaziya emizweni. Ukuqonda kanye Nemizwelo, 7, 357-387. doi:10.1080/02699939308409193[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) njengokunquma izinga lokwazisa (ukuthanda) isikhuthazi kanye nokuthambekela kokusondela noma ukugwema isikhuthazi (ukufuna). Muva nje, lokhu kwakhiwa kusetshenzisiwe kumodeli ye-neuroscience yokusebenza kocansi (UGeorgiadis, Kringelbach, & Pfaus, 2012 I-Georgiadis, JR, I-Kringelbach, I-ML, & I-Pfaus, JG (2012). Ucansi ngokuzijabulisa: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-neurobiology yomuntu neyezilwane. Ukubuyekezwa Kwemvelo Urology, 9, 486-498. doi:10.1038 / nrurol.2012.151[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Kulesi simodeli, ukufuna kuyisigaba esishukumisayo sempendulo yezocansi esingatholwa ngokusobala njengokukhula kwesifiso sobulili, kanti ukuthanda kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu esigabeni sokupheleliswa futhi kuboniswa ekuvukeni kocansi nokuzimela. Ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kokuthanda nokufunayo kuboniswe kumasampula eziguli ngezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni (iRobinson neBerridge, 1993 Robinson, I-TE, & I-Berridge, KC (1993). Isisekelo se-neural sokufisa izidakamizwa: Umbono wokukhuthaza ukuthambekela. Ukubuyekeza kobuchopho, 18, 247-291. doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-P[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar], 2008 Robinson, I-TE, & I-Berridge, KC (2008). Umbono wokukhuthaza ukuzwela umlutha: Ezinye izindaba zamanje. Ukudluliselwa kwefilosofi yeRoyal Society yaseLondon. Uchungechunge B, Isayensi Yezinto eziphilayo, 363, 3137-3146. doi:10.1098 / rstb.2008.0093[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) nezinkinga zokudla (uTibboel et al., 2011 I-Tibboel, H., I-De Houwer, J., I-Spruyt, A., Inkambu, M., Ama-Kemps, E., & E-Crombez, G. (2011). Ihlola ubuqiniso bezinyathelo ezicacile zokufuna nokuthanda. Ijenali ye-Behahlangu Therapy kanye ne-Experimental Psychiatry, 42, 284-292. doi:10.1016 / j.jbtep.2011.01.002[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ngakho-ke, eduze kwezinhlangano eziphelele zokuthanda ucansi, izinhlangano ezifuna ucansi zingaba nentshisekelo, zibonisa ugqozi oluzenzakalelayo locansi.

Izinhlangano ezihlanganisiwe zezisusa zangasese zombili ukuthanda nokufuna kwahlolwa ezigulini zabesifazane besifazane ezinezinkinga zocansi nangaphandle kwazo (van Lankveld, Bandell, Bastin-Hurek, van Beurden, & Araz, 2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, I-Bandell, M., I-Bastin-Hurek, E., van Beurden, M., & I-Araz, S. (2018). Ukuzihlanganisa okucacile nokungacacile okunesisusa esibi kwabesifazane abanazo nezinkinga zocansi. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 47, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1152-4[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Kuwo womabili amaqembu, ukuzihlanganisa okuqinile kwesisusa esinamandla ngokufuna kwakuhlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu wokusebenza kocansi. Kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abangenangqondo, abesifazane abanezinkinga zocansi batholakala bekhombisa ukuzihlanganisa okungekuhle okukhohlakele kwesisusa esivumayo ngokufuna, ukukhomba inkuthazo yezocansi ezenzakalelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilinganiso ezicacile eziphezulu zokucacisa okuvusa amadlingozi zazihlotshaniswa namazinga aphansi wokucindezela kocansi kuwo womabili amaqembu. Womabili la maqembu awazange ahluke maqondana nokuzibandakanya okuthonywe kokuvuselelwa kwezocansi ngokuthanda.

Ukuthanda okuzenzakalelayo nokufuna ukuzibandakanya nabantu, okulinganiswe kusetshenziswa ama-ST-IAT, nakho kuphenyiwe ezigulini zangomchamo besilisa ezingena dysfunction noma ngaphandle kocansi (van Lankveld et al., 2015 van Lankveld, JJDM, I-Odekerken, I., I-Kok-Verhoeven, L., Van Hooren, S., de Vries, P., van Den Hout, A., & I-Verboon, P. (2015). Ukuzihlanganisa okucacile nokucacile okuvusa amadlingozi kwabesilisa abasebenza ngocansi nabangavumelekile. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 12, 1791-1804. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12930[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Yize la maqembu womabili ehlukile ngokuhlangana kobudlelwano obungenasifiso sokuthandwa okuxakayo nokuthanda, ukuqondiswa komehluko obonakalayo bekungalindelekile: Amadoda angasebenzi ngocansi atholakala enobudlelwano obuhle obuhle nabashukumisayo abangavumelekile kunamadoda aphilile. Amaqembu womabili awahlukanga maqondana nokusweleka okuphelele. Esicwaningweni sesibili phakathi kweziguli zesilisa ezingama-urological ezinezinkinga zobulili ngaphandle kwalokhu, lokhu kwaphindwa, lapho ababambiqhaza ababenamazinga aphansi okusebenza kocansi bebonisa ukuzibandakanya okuqinile kobulili obuzenzakalelayo. Lo mphumela wawumkhulu eqenjini labancane (van Lankveld et al., 2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, de Jong, PJ, I-Henckens, MJMJ, UDen Hollander, P., van Den Hout, I-AJHC, & de Vries, P. (2018). Ukuthanda ukuzibandakanya ocansini nokuzenzakalelayo kwabesilisa abanokungaziphathi kahle ngokocansi. Umbhalo wocwaningo lwezocansi, 55, 802-813. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1394960[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Esibonelweni sabafundi abangacabangi, izici eziningana zokuziphatha kwabantu besilisa kwabikwa ukuthi zivela kakhulu ezilinganisweni zabo zokuthanda ucansi, kanti indlela yokuziphatha kwabesifazane yacatshangelwa kahle ngokusebenzisa izikolo ezifuna ucansi ngokuphelele (Dewitte, 2015 I-Dewitte, M. (2015). Ukwehluka kobulili ekuthandeni nasekufuneni ubulili: Ukuhlola indima yesimo esishukumisayo nokusebenza okucacile nokuqhathaniswa. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]).

Kuzo zonke izifundo ezibuyekezwe ngaphambilini zokuzibandakanya kokuzenzakalela okune-othomathikhi okungaqondakali, kuqhathaniswa abantu abanokungaziphathi kahle ngokocansi, kuthatha ukungafani phakathi kokusebenza ngocansi okunempilo nokuhlakazekile, kususelwa kwinqubo ehlukile eyisisekelo (isib., UBarlow, 1986 I-Barlow, DH (1986). Izimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi: Iqhaza lokukhathazeka nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ijenali yokubonisana kanye neClinical Psychology, 54, 140-148. doi:10.1037 / 0022-006X.54.2.140[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ngokuphambene namamodeli anjalo wezokwelapha noma wezigaba zokusebenza kocansi nokungasebenzi (engxoxweni, bheka iPronier neMonk-Turner, 2014 I-Pronier, C., & I-Monk-Turner, E. (2014). Izici ezakha ukwaneliseka kwabesifazane ngokobulili: Ukuqhathaniswa kwezamodeli zezokwelapha nezenhlalo. Ijenali yezifundo zobulili, 23, 69-80. doi:10.1080/09589236.2012.752347[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), imodeli yobukhulu be-psychopathology (Anderson, Huppert, & Rose, 1993 Anderson, J., IHuppert, F., & pink, G. (1993). Ukujwayelekile, ukuphambuka kanye nokuwohloka okuncane kwengqondo emphakathini. Indlela esekwe kwisinombolo sedatha yemibuzo ejwayelekile yezeMpilo ku-Health and Lifestyle Survey. I-Psychological Medicine, 23, 475-485. doi:10.1017 / S0033291700028567[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) ibeka phansi ukubakhona kokuqhubeka kwezimpawu ze-psychopathology kubantu, okusuka ekungatholakalini ngokuphelele kwabantu abangazwisiseki kahle kuya ezinkombeni zezimpawu ezigcwele kubantu abanenkinga yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (Kessler, 2002 UKessler, RC (2002). Impikiswano yokuhlola yokuqhathanisa ehlukaniswe ngokuhlukaniswa kwezempilo ekuguleni kwengqondo. Ijenali Yezempilo Nezokuziphatha Komphakathi, 43, 171-188. doi:10.2307/3090195[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Kutholakale ubufakazi bokuthi kube khona ukusatshalaliswa okubonakalayo, okuqhubekayo kwezimpawu kubantu okuhluka phakathi kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (isb., Fraley & Spieker, 2003 UFraley, RC, & I-Spieker, SJ (2003). Ingabe amaphethini okunamathiselwa kwezinsana asatshalaliswa ngokuqhubekayo noma ngokwezigaba? Ukuhlaziywa kwe-taxometric yesimo sokuziphatha esingaziwa. I-Psychology yentuthuko, 39, 387-404. doi:10.1037 / 0012-1649.39.3.387[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; I-Haslam, 2003a I-Haslam, N. (2003a). Izinhlobo ezinokwehlukahlukana kwezigaba zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngezigaba: Ubufakazi be-taxometric. I-Australia kanye ne-New Zealand Ijenali Yezengqondo, 37, 696-704. doi:10.1111 / j.1440-1614.2003.01258.x[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; Haslam, 2003b; USolomoni, iHaaga, ne-Arnow, 2001 USolomoni, A., Haha, I-DAF, & Yazi, BA (2001). Ingabe ukudana kwemitholampilo kwehlukile kwezimpawu eziphansi zangaphansi? Ukubuyekezwa kwendaba yokuqhubeka ocwaningweni lokudangala. I-Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 498-506. doi:I-10.1097 / 00005053-200108000-00002[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; I-Thewissen, Bentall, Lecomte, van Os, neMyn-Germeys, 2008 I-Thewissen, V., I-Bentall, RP, I-Lecomte, T., van Os, J., & I-Myin-gereys, I. (2008). Ukushintshashintsha kwezimpawu kokuzithemba neparanoia esimweni sempilo yansuku zonke. I-Journal ye-Psychology engavamile, 117, 143-153. doi:10.1037 / 0021-843X.117.1.143[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). I-Forbes, i-Baillie, ne-Schniering (2016 Forbes, MK, I-Baillie, AJ, & Ukufundisisa, I-CA (2016). Ngabe izinkinga zocansi kufanele zifakwe kuhlu lwangaphakathi? Ukuqhathaniswa kwamamodeli wokusayizi nokwahlukaniswa. Ijenali Yezokwelapha Nezocansi, 42, 70-90. doi:10.1080 / 0092623X.2014.996928[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) ihlongoze imodeli eyisilinganiso sokungasebenzi ngocansi njengengxenye yesilinganiso sokuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengcindezi nokukhathazeka. Isebenzisa ukuhlaziya kwephrofayili ye-latent kanye ne-modical equation modelling (SEM), imininingwane yabesifazane yatholakala ihambisana kangcono nemodeli ebusayo kunedatha yabantu (iForbes et al., 2016 Forbes, MK, I-Baillie, AJ, & Ukufundisisa, I-CA (2016). Ngabe izinkinga zocansi kufanele zifakwe kuhlu lwangaphakathi? Ukuqhathaniswa kwamamodeli wokusayizi nokwahlukaniswa. Ijenali Yezokwelapha Nezocansi, 42, 70-90. doi:10.1080 / 0092623X.2014.996928[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Imininingwane yamadoda ilingana kangcono nemodeli yezigaba. Kuhambisana nombono wobukhulu, kulabo ababambe iqhaza esifundweni samanje baqashwa emphakathini jikelele ukuphenya ubudlelwano phakathi kokusebenza kocansi kanye nezinhlangano ezizenzekelayo nezilawulwayo ezifunwayo nezithandwayo ezinesikhuthazo sezocansi kanye nokulinganiswa kwalobu budlelwano yi-WMC. Ngokwazi kwethu konke, ukucabanga okuyisisekelo kumodeli yenqubo ekabili yokuvusa ucansi-ukuthi imiphumela yezinhlangano ezizenzakalelayo nezilawulwayo zengqondo ekusebenzeni kocansi ihlolwe yi-WMC — ayikakahlolwa. Ocwaningweni lwamanje, olwehlukanisayo, besihlose ukwenza isivivinyo sokuqala kubantu abaningi balesi sisekelo sokuthi ukusebenza kocansi kunqunywa yizo zombili izivivinyo ezizenzakalelayo nezilawulwayo, nokuthi ithonya elilinganiselwe lalezi zinhlobo zokuhlola lilinganiselwe yi-WMC. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ukungenelela kokuziphatha okukhona njengamanje ekwelapheni ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi kugxile kakhulu ezintweni ezitholakalayo eziqondakalayo (uBerner & Gunzler, 2012 UBerner, M., & I-Gunzler, C. (2012). Ukusebenza kokungenelela kokusebenza kwengqondo kwabesilisa nabesifazane abanezinkinga zokuya ocansini-Ukubukeza okuhleliwe kwezivivinyo zomtholampilo ezilawulwayo: Ingxenye 1-ukusebenza kokungenelela kwengqondo kokuphazamiseka kokungasebenzi kwengqondo kwabesilisa.. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 9, 3089-3107. doi:10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2012.02970.x[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; UFruhauf, uGerger, uSchmidt, uMunder, noBarth, 2013 I-Fruhauf, S., UGerger, H., I-Schmidt, HM, Ukufa, T., & I-Barth, J. (2013). Ukusebenza kokungenelela kwengqondo kokungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi: Ukubuyekezwa okuhleliwe nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 42, 915-933. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-0062-0[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; UGunzler noBerner, 2012 I-Gunzler, C., & UBerner, MM (2012). Ukusebenza kokungenelela kokusebenza kwengqondo kwabesilisa nabesifazane abanezinkinga zokuya ocansini-Ukubuyekezwa okuhleliwe kwezivivinyo zomtholampilo ezilawulwayo: Ingxenye 2-Ukusebenza kokungenelela kokusebenza kwengqondo kokuphazamiseka kokungasebenzi kobulili kwabesifazane. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 9, 3108-3125. doi:10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2012.02965.x[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; UTer Kuile, Kokubili, noVan Lankveld, 2010 UTer Kuile, MM, Kokubili, S., & van Lankveld, J. (2010). Ukwelapha kokuziphatha okuqondakalayo kokungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi kwabesifazane. Imitholampilo Yengqondo YeNyakatho Melika, 33, 595-610. doi:10.1016 / j.psc.2010.04.010[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), ukuvivinya ukucatshangwa kwemodeli yenqubo eyenziwayo yomsebenzi wezocansi kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile emtholampilo.

Sivivinye ama-hypotheses alandelayo:

I-H1: Kwabesifazane, izinga lokusebenza kocansi lizohlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuzihlanganisa okuphelele kokukhuthaza okuxakile nokufuna: Izikolo ezifuna ucansi eziqinile zizohlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu wokusebenza kocansi.

I-H2: Kwabesilisa, izinga lokusebenza kocansi lizohlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuzihlanganisa okugcwele kokukhuthaza okukhohlisayo ngokuthanda: amazinga aphezulu wokuthanda ucansi azohlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu wokusebenza kocansi.

I-H3: Kokubili kwabesifazane nabesilisa, amazinga okusebenza kocansi azohlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuqonda okucacile maqondana nezocansi: izimo eziqondile zokuqina ocansini (i-erotophilia) zizohlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu okusebenza kocansi.

I-H4: Ukukhathazeka kanye namazinga wesibonakaliso sokudangala azohlotshaniswa kabi namazinga okusebenza kocansi.

I-H5: Izinga le-WMC lizohluka ngokulingana ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlangano ezizenzakalelayo nezilawulwayo nokusebenza ngocansi, okubonisa ukuzihlanganisa okuqinile phakathi kokuthanda ubulili nokulawulwa kokuya ocansini namazinga okusebenza kocansi emazingeni aphezulu e-WMC.

Indlela

Abahlanganyeli

Abantu abanentshisekelo bebefanelekile uma beneminyaka engu-18 ubudala noma ngaphezulu, bezibona bengabobulili obuhlukile, benolwazi lokuya ocansini nomlingani wabo, kubikwa ukuthi balala ocansini emasontweni amane edlule, futhi bekwazi kahle ukufunda isiDashi ukuphendula imibuzo yokufunda. nokwenza imisebenzi yekhompyutha. Abafundi be-undergraduate baqasha ababambiqhaza bokufunda embuthanweni wabo wabantu ababaziyo. Abantu abanentshisekelo bathole isimemo somuntu siqu nge-imeyili lapho kuchazwe injongo nezinqubo zokubamba iqhaza. Ukubamba iqhaza kwakungokuzithandela futhi akukho sinxephezelo esanikezwa. Abantu abaphendulile futhi bakhombisa intshisekelo yabo nokuzimisela kwabo ukubamba iqhaza bathola amakhodi abo wokungena kanye ne-URL exhumanisa nengxenyekazi yocwaningo eku-inthanethi.

Izindlela

Ukusebenza ngokocansi

Ngemuva kokuphothula uhlu lwemibuzo olufishane lwabantu, ababambiqhaza baphendula umbuzo wokuqala bebuza ukuthi njengamanje banazo yini izinkinga zobulili. Uma bephendula ukuthi kunjalo, umbuzo owalandelayo ubuza izinhlobo (zez) zezinkinga zobulili abahlangabezana nazo.

Index Yezinkomba Zomsebenzi Wezocansi (FSFI). I-FSFI (iRosen et al., 2000 I-Rosen, R., Brown, C., UHeiman, J., I-Leiblum, S., I-Meston, C., Shabsigh, R., ... I-D'Agostino, R., Omnci. (2000). I-Female Female Function Index (FSFI): Ithuluzi le-selfdimensional self-report lokuhlola umsebenzi wesifazane ocansini. Ijenali Yezokwelapha Nezocansi, 26, 191-208. doi:10.1080/009262300278597[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) wumbuzo wemibuzo wokuzibika ohlola ukusebenza kwabesifazane ngokocansi ngezinto eziyi-19 ezihlelwe kuma-subscales ayisithupha alinganisa isifiso sobulili, ukuvusa ucansi, ukuthambisa, umsebenzi we-orgasmic, ukwaneliseka ngokocansi, nobuhlungu bezocansi. Uhlaka lwethu lwethiyori lubeka izixhumanisi ezibalulekile phakathi kwezinqubo zokuhlola kwengqondo nokuvuka kocansi. Ukuphenya lezi zibikezelo, ama-subscales akhomba inkanuko yezocansi, ukuvusa ucansi, ukuthambisa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kanye ne-orgasm kwakhethwa ukumela lezi zici zokusebenza kwabesifazane ngokocansi. Izikolo ezifingqiwe ezifingqiwe zakha inkomba yomhlaba yokusebenza kocansi (amaphuzu aphelele we-FSFI). Izimpendulo zinikezwa ezikalini zezinto ezinhlanu nezintandathu, ngezikolo eziphakeme ezibonisa ukusebenza kocansi okungcono. Isakhiwo sesici sokuqala saphindaphindwa kunguqulo yolimi lwesiDashi (Ter Kuile, Brauer, & Laan, 2006 UTer Kuile, MM, I-Brauer, M., & I-Laan, E. (2006). I-Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) kanye ne-Female Sexual Disress Scale (FSDS): Izakhiwo zePsychometric phakathi kwabantu baseDashi. Ijenali Yezokwelapha Nezocansi, 32, 289-304. doi:10.1080/00926230600666261[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ukungaguquguquki kwangaphakathi kwe-FSFI kutholakale kukuhle kakhulu (ama-Cronbach's αs> 0.82). Ukuthembeka kwayo kokuhlolwa kabusha kusuka kokugculisayo kuya kokuphakeme kukho konke okuxhaswayo (r = 0.79 kuye ku-0.86) kanye nesilinganiso esiphelele (r = 0.88; URosen et al., 2000 I-Rosen, R., Brown, C., UHeiman, J., I-Leiblum, S., I-Meston, C., Shabsigh, R., ... I-D'Agostino, R., Omnci. (2000). I-Female Female Function Index (FSFI): Ithuluzi le-selfdimensional self-report lokuhlola umsebenzi wesifazane ocansini. Ijenali Yezokwelapha Nezocansi, 26, 191-208. doi:10.1080/009262300278597[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Esifundweni samanje, ukungaguquguquki kwangaphakathi kusuka kokugculisayo kuya kokuhle kakhulu (isifiso socansi esincane: I-Cronbach's α = .77; ukuvuswa kocansi: I-Cronbach's α = .94; ukuthambisa: i-Cronbach's α = .96; i-orgasm: I-Cronbach's α = .92).

Inkomba Yomhlaba wonke ye-Erectile Functioning (IIEF). I-IIEF (iRosen et al., 1997 I-Rosen, R., URiley, A., I-Wagner, G., Osterloh, IH, I-Kirkpatrick, J., & I-Mishra, A. (1997). I-International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): Isilinganiso esiningi sokuhlola ukukhishwa kwamandla erectile. Urology, 49, 822-830. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00238-0[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) uluhlu lwemibuzo oluzenzele lona lokuhlola ukusebenza kobulili besilisa. Inezinto eziyi-15 ezihlelwe zaba ngama-subscales amahlanu wokulinganisa umsebenzi we-erectile, umsebenzi we-orgasmic, isifiso sobulili, ukwaneliseka kokuhlangana, kanye nokweneliseka okuphelele kobulili. Izinkomba zokukhombisa inkanuko yokuya ocansini, umsebenzi we-erectile, nomsebenzi we-orgasmic kukhethiwe ukumela lezi zici zomsebenzi wobulili besilisa. Ababambiqhaza banikeze izimpendulo ezikalini ezinhlanu- kanye nezinto eziyisithupha, nezikolo eziphakeme ezibonisa ukusebenza kocansi okungcono. Isibalo esibaliwe sibalwa ukunikeza inkomba yomhlaba wonke yokusebenza kocansi (i-IIEF inani lesibalo). Ukuvumelana okungaphakathi kwe-IIEF kutholakale kukuhle ocwaningweni olwedlule (iCronbach's α phakathi kuka-0.92 no-0.96), futhi ukuthembeka kokuphindwayo kokuphakeme kwakuphezulu (r = .84; URosen et al., 1997 I-Rosen, R., URiley, A., I-Wagner, G., Osterloh, IH, I-Kirkpatrick, J., & I-Mishra, A. (1997). I-International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): Isilinganiso esiningi sokuhlola ukukhishwa kwamandla erectile. Urology, 49, 822-830. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00238-0[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Esifundweni samanje, ukungaguquguquki kwangaphakathi kusuka kokuhle kuya kokuhle kakhulu (umsebenzi we-erectile: i-Cronbach's α = .95; umsebenzi we-orgasmic: I-Cronbach's α = .96; isifiso sobulili: I-Cronbach's α = .84).

Ukucindezeleka Nokukhathazeka

Ukukhathazeka Kwezibhedlela Nokucindezeleka (HADS; iZigmond & Snaith, 1983 I-Zigmond, NJENGOBA, & I-Snaith, RP (1983). Ukukhathazeka Kwezibhedlela Nesifo Sokudangala. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361-370. doi:10.1111 / j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) wayeqashwe ukuhlola ubulukhuni bokudangala nezimpawu zokukhathazeka. I-HADS iyiphepha lemibuzo le-14 elizibika ngemininingwane emibili esetshenziselwa ukukhathazeka nokudangala. Izikolo eziphakemeyo zibonisa amazinga aphezulu wokukhathazeka nokudangala. Anelise ukuvumelana okuphezulu kwangaphakathi kwaboniswa kumasampula amaDashi, ne-Cronbach's α isukela .71 kuya ku-.90 (Spinhoven et al., 1997 Spinhoven, P., I-Ormel, J., I-Sloekers, I-PP, Kempen, I-GI, Amabala, AE, & UVan Hemert, AM (1997). Ucwaningo lokuqinisekiswa kwe-Hospital Anxcare and Depression Scale (HADS) emaqenjini ehlukene wezifundo zamaDashi. I-Psychological Medicine, 27, 363-370. doi:10.1017 / S0033291796004382[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ocwaningweni lwamanje, ukungaguquguquki kwangaphakathi kwakukuhle ku-subscale yokukhathazeka (i-Cronbach's α = .81) futhi yanelisa i-subscale yokudangala (i-Cronbach's α = .77).

Ukuzihlanganisa Okugcwele Ne-Stimuli Yocansi

Ukuhlolwa Kwenhlangano Elinganiselwa Kwodwa. I-ST-IAT inguqulo eguquliwe ye-IAT (Greenwald et al., 1998 I-Greenwald, AG, McGhee, DE, & USchwartz, JL (1998). Ukulinganisa umehluko ngamunye ekuqapheleni okusobala: Ukuhlolwa Okuhlanganisiwe Kwenhlangano. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480. doi:10.1037 / 0022-3514.74.6.1464[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) futhi isetshenzisiwe esifundweni samanje ukukala ukulinganisa okucacile kwezisusa zobulili. Izici ze-psychometric zombili i-IAT (Houben & Wiers, 2008 IHouben, K., & Amadoda, RW (2008). Ukulinganisa izinhlangano ezibandakanya notshwala nge-Intanethi: Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kwenhlangano okususelwa kwi-Web. Izindlela Zokucwaninga Zokuziphatha, Amathuluzi, Namakhompyutha, 40, 1134-1143. doi:10.3758 / BRM.40.4.1134[Crossref] , [I-Google Scholar]; I-Nosek, iGreenwald, neBanaji, 2005 Nosek, BA, I-Greenwald, AG, & I-Banaji, MR (2005). Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa Imposed Association Test: II. Izindlela ziyaguquguquka nokwakha ukusebenza kweqiniso. Bulletin yobuntu ne-Social Psychology, 31, 166-180. doi:10.1177/0146167204271418[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) kanye ne-ST-IAT (Bluemke & Friese, 2008 I-Bluemke, M., & Isi-Friese, M. (2008). Ukwethembeka nokuba semthethweni kwe-single-Target IAT (ST-IAT): Ukuhlola ukuthinteka okuzenzakalelayo maqondana nezinto eziningi zesimo sokucinga. I-European Journal ye-Social Psychology, 38, 977-997. doi:I-10.1002 / ejsp.487[Crossref], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; UKarpinski noSteinman, 2006 UKarpinski, A., & USteinman, RB (2006). Isigaba esisodwa sokuhlolwa kwenhlangano okusobala njengesilinganiso sokuqonda komphakathi okusobala. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 16-32. doi:10.1037 / 0022-3514.91.1.16[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) zitholakale ziyanelisa. Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini luthole ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-IAT okuku-inthanethi nasesizeni akuhlukanga ngokuhlelekile (Houben & Wiers, 2008 IHouben, K., & Amadoda, RW (2008). Ukulinganisa izinhlangano ezibandakanya notshwala nge-Intanethi: Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kwenhlangano okususelwa kwi-Web. Izindlela Zokucwaninga Zokuziphatha, Amathuluzi, Namakhompyutha, 40, 1134-1143. doi:10.3758 / BRM.40.4.1134[Crossref] , [I-Google Scholar]).

I-ST-IAT ibiqukethe isigaba esisodwa sethagethi (esivusa inkanuko) kanye nezigaba zemfanelo eziphikisanayo ezimbili. Okuqondiwe kokuvusa inkanuko ngokuthanda kanye nama-ST-IAT afunwayo amelwe yizithombe ezine zokuxhumana kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile okukhethwe ku-International Affective Picture System (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1999 Lang, PJ, Bradley, MM, & Cuthbert, BN (1999). I-International Affective Photo System (IAPS): Izindlela Zokusebenza Zobuchwepheshe nezilinganiso ezithintekayo. Gainesville, FL: Isikhungo Sokucwaninga ku Psychophysiology, University of Florida. [I-Google Scholar]).11 Izithombe ezingemthetho zokuthanda i-ST-IAT kwakuyizinombolo ze-IAPS 4658, 4659, 4664, no-4680. Lezi zithombe phambilini zazisetshenziswa ocwaningweni luka-van Lankveld et al. (2015 van Lankveld, JJDM, I-Odekerken, I., I-Kok-Verhoeven, L., Van Hooren, S., de Vries, P., van Den Hout, A., & I-Verboon, P. (2015). Ukuzihlanganisa okucacile nokucacile okuvusa amadlingozi kwabesilisa abasebenza ngocansi nabangavumelekile. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 12, 1791-1804. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12930[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Izithombe ezikhethiwe zokwenza umkhuba kwesifiso se-ST-IAT kwakuyizinombolo ze-IAPS 4611, 4652, 4690, kanye 4800.Buka wonke amanothi Ngamunye ubonise owesimame nowesifazane abadlala naye enza ucansi olungacacile, kepha akuboniswanga sibhamu esiphelele sobulili. Amabele abantu besifazane ayebonakala ngokuphelele. Izinhlobo zezimfanelo zokuthanda i-ST-IAT zazinhle “(zazimele amagama amahlaya, impilo, isipho, Futhi Ukuthula [ngesiDashi: amahlaya, gezondheid, kado, vrede]) kanye no “negative” (amelelwa ngamagama inzondo, impi, izifo, Futhi ubuhlungu [ngesiDashi: i-haat, i-oorlog, iziekte, i-pijn]). Izinhlobo zezimfanelo ze-ST-IAT ezifunwayo kwakungu "ngifuna" (zimelelwa yizenzo "kudala," "funa," "fisa," kanye "nesifiso"; ngesiDashi: hunkeren, begeren, wensen, verlangen) no- “Angifuni” (kusetshenziswa amagama athi “phumula,” “nqabela,” “gwema,” nokuthi “yima”; ngesiDashi: afweren, ontwijken, vermijden, Stoppen).

Amalebula wesigaba semfanelo akhonjiswe unomphela ekhoneni elingaphezulu-kwesobunxele (ilebula "elakhayo" noma "ngifuna") namaphezulu aphezulu (ilebula "elingelibi" noma "angifuni") amakhona esikrini. Isikhundla sabo sahlala sinjalo kulo lonke uvivinyo. Isigaba sokuqondiwe (“ubulili”) isikhundla esishintshiwe futhi sakhonjiswa ngaphezulu kwelebuli noma ilebuli lesigaba semfanelo, kuya ngemiyalo yebhulokhi ngayinye.

Ababambiqhaza bathole imiyalo yokuhlukanisa igama noma isithombe ngasinye, okuvela maphakathi nesikrini sekhomputha ye-laptop, kusigaba sokuqondiwe noma kolunye lwezigaba zemfanelo ngokucindezela isigaba z futhi m okhiye kwikhibhodi ye-QWERTY. Ngemuva kwempendulo efanele, kwethulwa isisusa esilandelayo. Lapho kunikezwe impendulo engalungile, impendulo yephutha yethulwe njenge-X ebomvu ethathe indawo yokuvuselela okuphakathi nendawo kwesikrini; i-X ebomvu ihlale esikrinini kuze kube kunikezwe impendulo eyiyo.

Ithebula 1 ikhombisa ukusetha kwe-ST-IAT okwakufana nokufana nangokuthanda izinguqulo futhi inikeze izibonelo zemiyalo yabahlanganyeli. I-ST-IAT iqale nge-block block isebenzisa kuphela isisusa semfanelo. Kamuva, bekukhona amabhlogo amabili afanayo, okokuqala kwaba yivimba lokuzivivinya elingu-16 lapho kwethulwa khona izithombe zombili ezingezona ezinengqondo namazwi aqondile, alandelwa yivivinyo lokulingwa kwezivivinyo ezingama-48 (bona Ithebula 1). Ngaphakathi kokuzilolonga nokwenza izivivinyo, izinombolo zemishini yokucindezela kuzo zombili izinkinobho zokuphendula zagcinwa zilingana ukuvikela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhetha impendulo (de Jong, 2015 de Jong, PJ (2015). Ukuphawula kwesihleli esithi "Ukuzihlanganisa okucacile nokucacile okuhambisana nokugqugquzela okukhohlakele kwabesilisa abasebenza ngocansi nabangavumelekile". Umagazini wezokwelapha, 12, 1805-1806. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12953[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). I-stimuli efanayo isetshenzisiwe ekuzivivinyweni nasekuvivinyweni kokuhlolwa (Nosek et al., 2005 Nosek, BA, I-Greenwald, AG, & I-Banaji, MR (2005). Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa Imposed Association Test: II. Izindlela ziyaguquguquka nokwakha ukusebenza kweqiniso. Bulletin yobuntu ne-Social Psychology, 31, 166-180. doi:10.1177/0146167204271418[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Okuhlosiwe nakho kanye nemfanelo kwavezwa ngokulandelana okungaguquki, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ukugqugquzelwa kwelitshe ngakunye kwandulelwa kwalandelwa yisikhuthazo semfanelo. Azikho ngaphezu kwesisekelo sezimpawu ezimbili ezethulwe zilandelana phakathi kwethonya lokuqondisa ezimbili. Kuwo umkhuba wokuqala kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe ezivusa inkanuko namagama aqondile abhalwe kumaki wokuphendula (inhlanganisela evusa inkanuko yobulili), kuyilapho kokuzilolonga kwesibili nokuhlolwa kwezithombe ezivusa inkanuko namagama angathandeki abelwe ukhiye wokuphendula ofanayo (inhlanganisela ye-sex-negative) . Enye inhlanganisela (ene-sex noma i-sex negative) bekulindeleke ukuthi iholele esikhathini sokuphendula esifushane. Lokhu kulindelwe kususelwa emcabangweni wokuthi imishini yokunyathelisa iqala ngokushesha lapho ubudlelwane phakathi kwelitshe nemfanelo buqina ngaphakathi kwinethiwekhi yomelele wabahlanganyeli, uma kuqhathaniswa lapho le nhlangano ingelona iqiniso.

Ithebula 1. Target futhi Unikele Imephu Eyisisekelo Kumabhuloki alandelayo ku-Ukuthanda nokufuna i-ST-IAT

Ayikho inqubo yokulungisa iphutha esetshenzisiwe ku-ST-IAT efunwayo, ukugcizelela ubunjalo bomuntu uqobo bale nguqulo ye-ST-IAT (Olson & Fazio, 2004 Olson, MA, & Fazio, RH (2004). Yehlisa ithonya lezinhlangano ezingaphandle kovivinyo lwe-Imposed Association Testing: I-IAT uqobo. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 653-667. doi:10.1037 / 0022-3514.86.5.653[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ukuhleleka kokusebenza kwama-ST-IAT wokuthanda nokufuna kulungisiwe, ngokuthanda i-ST-IAT kusetshenziswe njengomsebenzi wokuqala. Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini luthole ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-IAT okuku-inthanethi nasesizeni akuhlukanga ngokuhlelekile (Houben & Wiers, 2008 IHouben, K., & Amadoda, RW (2008). Ukulinganisa izinhlangano ezibandakanya notshwala nge-Intanethi: Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kwenhlangano okususelwa kwi-Web. Izindlela Zokucwaninga Zokuziphatha, Amathuluzi, Namakhompyutha, 40, 1134-1143. doi:10.3758 / BRM.40.4.1134[Crossref] , [I-Google Scholar]).

Ukuzihlanganisa Okucacile Ne-Stimuli Yezothando

Ucwaningo Lombono Wezocansi (i-SOS). I-SOS (Fisher, Byrne, White, & Kelley, 1988 I-Fisher, WA, Byrne, D., Mhlophe, I-LA, & UKelley, K. (1988). I-Erotophobia-erotophilia njengesilinganiso sobuntu. Umbhalo wocwaningo lwezocansi, 25, 123-151. doi:10.1080/00224498809551448[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) isetshenziselwe ukukala ukucacisa okucacile komhlanganyeli kwesifiso sobulili. Yakhiwa ngezinto ezingama-21 futhi iqukethe isikali esisodwa esihlola isikhundla somhlanganyeli esikalini se-erotophilia-erotophobia, “isimo sokuphendula ezinkambisweni zocansi ngesilinganiso esingesihle sokuthinta nokuhlola” (Fisher et al., 1988 I-Fisher, WA, Byrne, D., Mhlophe, I-LA, & UKelley, K. (1988). I-Erotophobia-erotophilia njengesilinganiso sobuntu. Umbhalo wocwaningo lwezocansi, 25, 123-151. doi:10.1080/00224498809551448[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar], k. 123). Izici ze-psychometric ze-SOS bezigculisayo, nge-Cronbach's α isukela ku-.82 kuya ku-.90) kumasampula owesilisa nowesifazane (Fisher et al., 1988 I-Fisher, WA, Byrne, D., Mhlophe, I-LA, & UKelley, K. (1988). I-Erotophobia-erotophilia njengesilinganiso sobuntu. Umbhalo wocwaningo lwezocansi, 25, 123-151. doi:10.1080/00224498809551448[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Esifundweni samanje ukungaguquguquki kwangaphakathi kwakukuhle, nge-Cronbach's α = .81. Akukho silinganiso sokufuna okusobala esetshenzisiwe.

Ukusebenza Kwememori Ukusebenza

I-Revised tower of Hanoi (ToH-R). Ukukala i-WMC yombambiqhaza, i-ToH-R (Welsh & Huizinga, 2001 IsiWelsh, MC, & I-Huizinga, M. (2001). Ukuthuthukiswa nokuqinisekiswa kokuqala koMbhoshongo weHanoi-Revised. Assessment, 8, 167-176. doi:10.1177/107319110100800205[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) kwasetshenziswa. Lona umsebenzi wokuxazulula izinkinga okuthiwa ulinganisa ukusebenza komphathi. Ukusebenza kwe-ToH-R kutholakale ukuthi kuhambisana kakhulu nezici zememori ezisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi nge-visuospatial element (Handley, Capon, Copp, & Harper, 2002 Ukuphatha, SJ, I-Capon, A., ICopp, C., & UHarper, C. (2002). Ukucabanga okunemibandela kanye nombhoshongo weHanoi: Indima yenkumbulo yokusebenza kwendawo nangokomlomo. IBritish Journal of Psychology, 93, 501-518. doi:10.1348/000712602761381376[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ukuphathwa kwe-ToH-R nge-computer akuzange kwehluke ekusebenzeni kusetshenziswa inguqulo yokhuni (Mataix-Cols & Bartres-Faz, 2002 Ama-Mataix-Cols, D., & I-Bartres-Faz, D. (2002). Ngabe ukusetshenziswa kwezinguqulo ezenziwe ngokhuni nangamakhompiyutha eMbhoshongo weHanoi puzzle kuyalingana? Kusetshenziswe i-Neuropsychology, 9, 117-120. doi:10.1207 / s15324826an0902_8[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ukuqhathaniswa kwemisebenzi ye-Tower of Hanoi esesizeni kanye ne-inthanethi akukashicilelwa. Uhlobo lwedijithali oluku-inthanethi lwe-TOH-R lusetshenzisiwe. Izikhonkwane ezintathu ezibheke phezulu, ezilinganayo ngobude nobubanzi, futhi zihlukaniswe ngokulingana, zabekwa endaweni eyisicaba. Amadiski amane anamadayimitha ahlukene kwakudingeka abekwe ezikhonkwane, avumela ukucushwa okuhlukile. IToH-R ibiqukethe izivivinyo ezingama-22 (bona i-Welsh ne-Huizinga, 2001 IsiWelsh, MC, & I-Huizinga, M. (2001). Ukuthuthukiswa nokuqinisekiswa kokuqala koMbhoshongo weHanoi-Revised. Assessment, 8, 167-176. doi:10.1177/107319110100800205[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ekuqaleni kwesivivinyo ngasinye kokubili ukucushwa kokuqala nokulungiswa kwegoli kuboniswe esikrinini sekhompyutha. Ababambiqhaza bayalelwe ukuba bashintshe ukumisa kokuqala kube yigoli lesibalo senani elincane kakhulu lokuhamba ngokuhambisa amadiski. Ukuhamba bekuphoqwa yimithetho emithathu: (1) idiski elilodwa kuphela elingahanjiswa ngasikhathi; (2) idiski kwakumelwe ifakwe kwesinye sezikhonkwane ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhamba okulandelayo; futhi (3) idiski akufanele ibekwe ngaphezulu kwe-disk enobukhulu obuncane. Imiyalo eyengeziwe bekufanele ifinyelele umgomo emzameni owodwa, kusetshenziswa inani elidingekayo lokuhamba, kepha akunakubekwa umkhawulo wesikhathi. Le mithetho yachazwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwecala lokuqala. Zidinga ukuthi obambe iqhaza ahlele uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ngaphambi kokwenza isinyathelo sokuqala futhi aqaphe futhi alungise lolu hlelo ngenkathi enza umsebenzi. Ngenxa yalokhu iToH, neminye imisebenzi yokudlulisa izinto, efana ne-London of London, zithathwa njengezwela ukungezwani kokusebenza kwe-lobe yangaphambili, inkumbulo yokusebenza (Goldman-Rakic, 1987 I-Goldman-Rakic, I-PS (1987). Ukuthuthukiswa kokujikeleza kwe-cortical nomsebenzi wokuqonda. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwabantwana, 58, 601-622. doi:10.2307/1130201[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), ukuvimbela (Goel & Grafman, 1995 I-Goel, V., & I-Grafman, J. (1995). Ngabe ama-lobes angaphambili ayathinteka emisebenzini 'yokuhlela'? Ihumusha idatha kusuka kuMbhoshongo waseHanoi. I-Neuropsychologia, 33, 623-642. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(95)90866-P[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), noma zombili izici zokusebenza okuphezulu (Zook, Davalos, DeLosh, & Davis, 2004 I-Zook, NA, I-Davalos, DB, I-DeLosh, I-EL, & Davis, I-HP (2004). Ukusebenza kwememori, ukuvimbela, kanye ne-fluid fluid njengababikezeli bokusebenza ku-tower of Hanoi kanye nemisebenzi yaseLondon. Ubuchopho nokuqonda, 56, 286-292. doi:10.1016 / j.bandc.2004.07.003[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Umphumela ngamunye wesivivinyo uthole amaphuzu njengo-0 (isixazululo esingalungile) noma u-1 (isisombululo esifanele), okuholelwa ekutholakaleni kwezinkinga ezixazululwe kahle ngobubanzi obungahle kube ngu-0 kuye ku-22. Izikolo eziphakeme zibonisa i-WMC ephezulu.

Inqubo

Ukuhlelwa okungaguquki kwezivivinyo kukhethwe ukugwema imiphumela yokuqala yokugcwaliswa kwamaphepha emibuzo ezindabeni zocansi ezingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni okulandelayo kokuhlolwa okuphelele kanye nokugwema ukukhathala kokuqedwa kokuhlolwa ngokwesilinganiso se-WMC. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, kwenziwa i-ToH-R; ngokulandelayo, imisebenzi yokuthanda nokufuna ye-ST-IAT yenziwe; ekugcineni, imibuzo yemibuzo eku-inthanethi (imibuzo yabantu, i-FSFI / IIEF, i-HADS, ne-SOS) yaqedwa. Ngokubambisana, yonke imisebenzi ithathe cishe imizuzu engama-45 ukuyenza. Ukuvunyelwa kokuziphatha esifundweni kutholwe ebhodini lokubuyekeza isimilo laseyunivesithi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesitatimende

Ukukhombisa ukuzihlanganisa okugcwele kokukhuthaza okuxakile nokuthanda, i-algorithm ye-D600 eyenziwe ngcono ye-Greenwald, Nosek neBenaji (2003 I-Greenwald, AG, Nosek, BA, & I-Banaji, MR (2003). Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwenhlangano okusobala: I. I-algorithm yokufaka amaphuzu ithuthukisiwe. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 197-216. doi:10.1037 / 0022-3514.85.2.197[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) wayeqashiwe. Imininingwane ehlanganisiwe yokwenza nezigaba zokuhlola kusetshenzisiwe ukubala inkomba ye-D600 ST-IAT. Ukuvumelana nenkambiso ejwayelekile, kulesi silinganiso, izikhathi zokuphendula (RTs) ezingezansi kwama-400 ms zalahlwa, ama-RTs ngaphezulu kwe-2,500 ms athathelwa indawo yi-2,500 ms, futhi, kuphela ku-ST-IAT, izilingo ezingalungile zathathelwa indawo yi-RT esho nge-an inhlawulo eyengeziwe ye-600 ms ngaphambi kokubalwa kwama-RTs asho. I-ST-IAT efuna yakhelwe njenge-IAT eyenziwe ngezifiso (Dewitte, 2015 I-Dewitte, M. (2015). Ukwehluka kobulili ekuthandeni nasekufuneni ubulili: Ukuhlola indima yesimo esishukumisayo nokusebenza okucacile nokuqhathaniswa. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; Olson & Fazio, 2004 Olson, MA, & Fazio, RH (2004). Yehlisa ithonya lezinhlangano ezingaphandle kovivinyo lwe-Imposed Association Testing: I-IAT uqobo. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 653-667. doi:10.1037 / 0022-3514.86.5.653[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]); ngale njongo, azikho izimpendulo ezingalungile ezazichaziwe. Umaki we-D600 Inkomba wabalwa njengemaki umehluko phakathi kwezikhathi zokusabela kokuya ocansini-olungile / ngifuna futhi ne-sex-negative / angifuni amabhlokhi ahlanganisiwe, ahlukaniswe ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kubalwe kuwo wonke amabhlogo ngaphandle kwento imfanelo block block. Izikolo eziphansi ezingama-D600 zikhombisile ukuthi ukuvusa inkanuko kwakuhlobene kakhulu nokuthanda nokufuna. Kusetshenziswa d = 0.65 njengokulinganiselwa kosayizi womphumela osetshenziswayo we-IAT umehluko, ngokususelwa ezifundweni zokuqhathanisa kweqembu (UNosek et al., 2005 Nosek, BA, I-Greenwald, AG, & I-Banaji, MR (2005). Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa Imposed Association Test: II. Izindlela ziyaguquguquka nokwakha ukusebenza kweqiniso. Bulletin yobuntu ne-Social Psychology, 31, 166-180. doi:10.1177/0146167204271418[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), besidinga ababambiqhaza abangama-60 ukuthi bathole amandla we-80% wesampula elizimele t hlola, usebenzisa p <.05. Ukuhlola ama-hypotheses 1 kuya ku-3, ukubalwa kwesikhashana somkhiqizo wePearson kwabalwa. Ukuhlola i-hypothesis 4, uchungechunge lokuhlaziywa kokuhleleka komugqa okulandelanayo lwenziwa ngezikolo ezisebenza ngokocansi (izikolo ezilinganiselwe ze-FSFI / IIEF) njengokuhlukahluka okuthembele. Osayizi bomphumela nezikhathi zabo zokuzethemba ezingama-95% (ama-CI) zibaliwe (I-Steiger, 2004 I-Steiger, JH (2004). Ngaphandle kovivinyo lwe-F: Isilinganiso sokuzithemba kokusebenza kwezikhathi kanye nokuhlolwa kokusondelene kokuhlaziywa kokwehluka nokwehluka kokuhlaziya. Izindlela Zengqondo, 9, 164-182. doi:10.1037 / 1082-989X.9.2.164[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa nge-SpSS Version 24.

Imiphumela

Isampula lalakhiwa abahlanganyeli abayi-116, kuthi abangama-65 kubo bekungabesifazane (56%, Mage = Iminyaka engu-31.6; SD = 10.1), namadoda angama-51 (44%, Mage = Iminyaka engu-37.0; SD = 12.0). Sekukonke, ama-77% wababambiqhaza besifazane kanye nama-73% wababambiqhaza besilisa babike ukuba sebudlelwaneni bokuzibophezela. Ubude bobudlelwano buhluka kakhulu, ngezilinganiso zeminyaka eyi-10.1 kanye ne-12 yabahlanganyeli besifazane nabesilisa, ngokulandelana. Ngaphezulu kwama-50% wabahlanganyeli ababike ngemfundo yasekolishi noma eyunivesithi. Izinkinga zocansi zabikwa ngo-3% wabesifazane no-2% wabahlanganyeli besilisa. Izici zobudlelwano, okunye ukubalwa kwabantu, nezindlela nokuphambuka okujwayelekile kokuguquguqukayo kwentshisekelo kuboniswa ku Ithebula 2.

Ithebula 2. Ukubalwa Kwabantu, Ezokwelapha, Ezocansi, Nezengqondo Zokusebenza Kwababambiqhaza (N = 116)

Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlobanisa kwePearson kwenziwa ngokwehlukile kwabahlanganyeli besifazane nabesilisa (bona Ithebula 3). Kwabahlanganyeli besifazane kuvezwe ukuxhumana okukhulu phakathi kwamazinga wokufuna kanye nokubikwa okuzenzakalelayo kokuvuswa kocansi (r = −.26, p <.05) kanye ne-orgasm (r = −.35, p <.01). Izinhlangano ezinamandla ezifuna ucansi ezinamandla zihambisana namazinga aphezulu wokuvusa ucansi nokusebenza kwe-orgasmic. Izinhlangano ezingathandeki ezithanda ubulili bezingahlobene kakhulu nezinkomba zokusebenza kocansi. Kubahlanganyeli besilisa ukuhlangana okubalulekile kwembulwe phakathi kwamazinga okuthanda okungazenzakalisi namazinga wokuzibika we-orgasm (r = .33, p <.05). Ngokuqondile, izinhlangano ezinamandla zokuthanda ubulili bezihambisana namazinga aphansi okusebenza kwe-orgasmic.

Ithebula 3. Brelariate Correlations in Abesifazane Abahlanganyeli Abahlanganyeli Phakathi Kwezinhlangano Ezenzakalelayo Ze-Erotic Stimuli Ngokuthanda Nokufuna, I-Erotophilia, Ukukhathazeka Nezimpawu Zokudangala, kanye Nezinkomba Zokusebenza Ngocansi.

Kwabahlanganyeli besifazane kwembulwa okukhulu ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-erotophilia kanye namazinga abikwa wona wesifiso sobulili (r = .25, p <.05), ukuvuswa kocansi (r = .40, p <.001), ukuthambisa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane (r = .32, p <.01), kanye ne-orgasm (r = .31, p <.01). Kubahlanganyeli besilisa ukutholakala okuphawulekayo kutholakele phakathi kwe-erotophilia kanye neleveli lokuzibika lesifiso sobulili (r = .30, p <.05). I-erotophilia enamandla yayihlotshaniswa nokusebenza okungcono kulezi zici zobulili kwabesifazane nakwabesilisa. Kubahlanganyeli besilisa amaphuzu aphezulu e-erotophilia ahlobene nokufuna ucansi oluphakeme kakhulu (r = −.31, p <.01). Izinyathelo ezicacile nezingacacisiwe zokuthanda ucansi nokufuna azizange zihambisane kakhulu nabahlanganyeli besifazane.

Ukuhlolisisa okwenziwa yi-WMC kwezinhlangano ezinobudlelwano obucacile nobungcacile bokuthanda ucansi kanye nokufuna ukuya ocansini kuye kwahlolisiswa ngokwenza uchungechunge ezimbili zokuhlaziywa kwe-lineer registry registry (Hlela indlela) ngesifiso sobulili, ukuvuswa kocansi, ukugcotshiswa kowesifazane, kanye ne-orgasm (konke okubhaliselwe kwe-FSFI izinyathelo) njengezimpawu eziguqukayo kubahlanganyeli besifazane, nesifiso sobulili, umsebenzi we-erectile, nomsebenzi we-orgasmic (zonke izindlela zokuxhaswa ze-IIEF) njengezimpawu eziguqukayo zabahlanganyeli besilisa. Esinyathelweni sokuqala, kufakwa ukuthanda ukucaciswa kobulili okucacile, ukufakwa kobulili okucacile, nezimpawu ze-erotophilia. Esinyathelweni sesibili, kwafakwa isikhathi sokusebenzisana kwe-erotophilia ne-WMC. Esinyathelweni sesithathu, kufakwa amaphuzu we-HADS ukukhathazeka nokucindezelwa. Phakathi kwabahlanganyeli besifazane, abadayisi abane abangabandakanyiwe abafakiwe kulolu cwaningo. Ababambiqhaza ababili babenenqwaba yezinga eliphakeme kakhulu kwi-ToH-R, eyodwa yayinezimpawu eziphansi ngokweqile esikalini sokukhathazeka kwe-HADS, kanti eyodwa yayinezimpawu eziphansi kakhulu kusilinganiso sokudangala kwe-HADS. Phakathi kwabahlanganyeli besilisa, abadayisi ababili abangabandakanyiwe abafakiwe. Bobabili babenezikolo eziphakeme kakhulu ku-ToH-R. Abekho abathengisi be-multivariate abahlonziwe.

Ngokwesampula yabesifazane, imodeli yokuqopha isebenzisa izikolo ezivusa inkanuko yobulili njengokuthanda okuguqukayo nokucacisa okucacile kobulili, isifiso sokuya ocansini, nezikolo ze-erotophilia njengokuguquguquka kwesinyathelo kusinyathelo sokuqala bekubalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli engashisi kuphela, R2 = .23, F (3, 52) = 5.18, p = .003 (bheka Ithebula 1 elengeziwe online). I-Erotophilia (β = .456, p = .001) kube nomthelela omkhulu kumodeli. Ezinyathelweni zesibili nezesithathu, akukho ukwehluka okuchaziwe okungeziwe okuveziwe. Imodeli yokubuyela emuva isebenzisa izikolo zomsebenzi we-orgasmic njengokuhlukahluka kokukhonjwa nokuthanda ucansi, ukufuna ucansi okucacile, kanye nezikolo ze-erotophilia njengokuguquguquka kwesibikezelo esinyathelweni sokuqala kwakubalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli ehlala njalo, R2 = .18, F (3, 52) = 3.90, p = .014. Ukufuna ucansi okusobala (β = −.313, p = .021) kanye ne-erotophilia (β = .327, p = .014) inikele ekubikezeleni. Ezinyathelweni zesibili nezesithathu, akukho ukwehluka okuchaziwe okungeziwe okuveziwe. Amamodeli wokuhlehla onesifiso sobulili kanye nezikolo zokuthanjiswa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane njengokuguquguqukayo kwemibandela bekungabalulekanga.

Esikhathini sesampula sesilisa, imodeli yokulawula isebenzisa izikolo ze-erectile njengokufana kokuguquguqukayo nokuthanda okucacile kocansi, isifiso sokuya ocansini, nezikolo ezi-erotophilia njengokuqagela okuguquguqukayo kusinyathelo sokuqala bekubalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli ehlala njalo, R2 = .20, F (3, 40) = 3.26, p = .03 (bheka Ithebula 2 elengeziwe online). Ukuthanda ucansi okusobala (β = .319, p = .035) ne-erotophilia (β = .321, p = .038) inikele kakhulu kwimodeli. Izinhlangano ezingezansi ezingathandwa ngokocansi kanye ne-erotophilia enamandla zihlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu okusebenza kwe-erectile. Ezinyathelweni zesibili nezesithathu, akukho ukwehluka okuchaziwe okungeziwe okuveziwe. Imodeli yokuhlehla isebenzisa izikolo zomsebenzi we-orgasmic njengokuhlukahluka kokukhonjwa nokuthanda ucansi, ukufuna ucansi okucacile, kanye nezikolo ze-erotophilia njengokuguquguquka kwesibikezelo esinyathelweni sokuqala kwakubalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nemodeli ehlala njalo, R2 = .19, F (3, 40) = 3.17, p = .03. Ukuthanda ucansi okusobala (β = .407, p = .008) kube nomthelela omkhulu kumodeli. Futhi, izinhlangano ezisezingeni eliphansi zokuthanda ubulili bezihlobene namazinga aphezulu wokusebenza kwe-orgasmic. Ezinyathelweni zesibili nezesithathu akukho ukwehluka okwengeziwe okuchaziwe okuveziwe. Imodeli yokuhlehla enesifiso sobulili njengokuguquguquka kwenqubo yayingabalulekanga.

Ingxoxo

Kulolu cwaningo siphenye ubudlelwano obuphakathi kokusebenza kocansi nokuzenzakalelayo nokulawulwa kwesifiso nokuthanda ukuzihlanganisa okunesisusa esingathandeki kanye nokulinganiselana kwalobu budlelwano yi-WMC kusampula yomphakathi engeyona eyeqiniso. Imiphumela yethu ixhase ingxenye yokwahlukaniswa kobungqingili yezinhlangano zezinto ezisebenza ngocansi ngakolunye uhlangothi nokuthanda okucacile nokufuna ucansi kolunye. Ngenkathi kubahlanganyeli besifazane amazinga aphakeme okusebenza ngocansi (ukuvusa inkanuko ngokobulili kanye ne-orgasm) kuhlotshaniswa nezinhlangano eziqinile eziqinile zesisusa esivumayo ngokufuna, ukuthambekela kobulili okusobala akuzange kuhambisane nanoma iyiphi ingxenye yokusebenza kocansi. Ukutholwa okuhlukile ngokuphelele kwembulwe kubabambiqhaza besilisa. Kwabesilisa, ukusebenza okungcono kwe-orgasmic kuhlotshaniswa namazinga aphansi wokufaka okucacayo kwesisusa esibuhlungu, kepha izinhlangano ezifuna ucansi eziphelele azizange zihambisane nanoma iyiphi ingxenye yokusebenza kocansi. Lokhu okutholakele okuphikisana kakhulu, noma kunjalo, imiphumela ephindaphindekayo ezifundweni ezedlule zeqembu lethu locwaningo kumasampula eziguli zabesilisa nabesilisa ngaphandle kokuzazi futhi nodokotela ohlonzwe ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi (van Lankveld, Bandell et al., 2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, I-Bandell, M., I-Bastin-Hurek, E., van Beurden, M., & I-Araz, S. (2018). Ukuzihlanganisa okucacile nokungacacile okunesisusa esibi kwabesifazane abanazo nezinkinga zocansi. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 47, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1152-4[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; van Lankveld, de Jong, et al., 2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, de Jong, PJ, I-Henckens, MJMJ, UDen Hollander, P., van Den Hout, I-AJHC, & de Vries, P. (2018). Ukuthanda ukuzibandakanya ocansini nokuzenzakalelayo kwabesilisa abanokungaziphathi kahle ngokocansi. Umbhalo wocwaningo lwezocansi, 55, 802-813. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1394960[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; van Lankveld et al., 2015 van Lankveld, JJDM, I-Odekerken, I., I-Kok-Verhoeven, L., Van Hooren, S., de Vries, P., van Den Hout, A., & I-Verboon, P. (2015). Ukuzihlanganisa okucacile nokucacile okuvusa amadlingozi kwabesilisa abasebenza ngocansi nabangavumelekile. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 12, 1791-1804. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12930[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), kusetshenziswa indlela efanayo. Okutholakele kubahlanganyeli besifazane kuyafana nalokho kwaDewitte (2015 I-Dewitte, M. (2015). Ukwehluka kobulili ekuthandeni nasekufuneni ubulili: Ukuhlola indima yesimo esishukumisayo nokusebenza okucacile nokuqhathaniswa. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), ophenye isampula elincane kakhulu. Kokubili isifundo samanje kanye ne-Dewitte (2015 I-Dewitte, M. (2015). Ukwehluka kobulili ekuthandeni nasekufuneni ubulili: Ukuhlola indima yesimo esishukumisayo nokusebenza okucacile nokuqhathaniswa. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) cwaningo, ukufunwa okuphezulu okungaphezulu kwakuhlobene namazinga aphezulu okusebenza kocansi nokuvama kokuziphatha kobulili kwabahlanganyeli besifazane. Yize lezi zifundo zibuye zathola ubudlelwano obukhona phakathi kokuthanda ukuzibandakanya ocansini nokusebenza ngocansi / ukuzibandakanya kwabahlanganyeli besilisa, izinkomba zobudlelwano lezi bezingahambisani. Ku-Dewitte's (2015 I-Dewitte, M. (2015). Ukwehluka kobulili ekuthandeni nasekufuneni ubulili: Ukuhlola indima yesimo esishukumisayo nokusebenza okucacile nokuqhathaniswa. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) cwaningo, ubudlelwane phakathi kokuthanda ukuzibandakanya ocansini okuphezulu nobuningi bokuziphatha okuphezulu kobulili butholakele; ocwaningweni olukhona, kwakukhona ukuzihlanganisa phakathi kokuthanda ukuzibandakanya kobulili okuphezulu kanye namazinga aphansi okusebenza kocansi.

Mayelana nezimo zengqondo ezicacile, imiphumela ye-erotophilic yayihlotshaniswa nokusebenza okungcono ezicini ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza kocansi kubo bobabili abesifazane nakwabesilisa esifundweni samanje: kwabesifazane abathola izilinganiso zocansi zesifiso sobulili, ukuvuswa kocansi, ukugcotshwa kowesifazane, kanye ne-orgasm; nakwabesilisa abakwizifiso zokuya ocansini. Izinhlangano ezinabesifazane abanamazinga aphezulu e-erotophilia kanye nokufuna ucansi oluqine kakhulu ngokusebenza okungcono kocansi bezihambisana nezincwadi kanye nokutholakele kwangaphambilini kusampuli engeyona eyezifiso (i-Dewitte, 2015 I-Dewitte, M. (2015). Ukwehluka kobulili ekuthandeni nasekufuneni ubulili: Ukuhlola indima yesimo esishukumisayo nokusebenza okucacile nokuqhathaniswa. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ukuhlola okuhle okuzenzakalelayo nokulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo kokuvuseleleka okuvusa inkanuko futhi kuhlobene nokusebenza kahle kocansi. Kodwa-ke, babonakala sengathi baneqhaza ngokuzimela ekusebenzeni kocansi, ngoba akukho ukuhlangana okubalulekile okwabonwa kubabambiqhaza besifazane phakathi kwezinyathelo ezicacile nezicacile zokuthanda ucansi nokufuna.

Yize kungekho budlelwano obutholakele phakathi kokuthambekele kokuthambekela okuyi-erotic kanye nokusebenza ngocansi kwabahlanganyeli besifazane esifundweni samanje, ukuhlangana okunjalo kuboniswe ocwaningweni lwabesifazane abane-HSDD (uBrauer et al., 2012 I-Brauer, M., van Leeuwen, M., IJanssen, E., Indlu entsha, SK, UHeiman, JR, & I-Laan, E. (2012). Ukuqashelwa okuqondayo nokubonakalayo kwesisusa sobulili kwabesifazane abanesifiso sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuluthakathaka. I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi, 41, 891-905. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9820-7[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Indlela esetshenziswe ocwaningweni lukaBrauer et al. nocwaningo lwamanje yayifana kakhulu, yize ukukhethwa kwezithombe ezivusa inkanuko kwaphela. Umphumela obalulekile owenziwe kubantu besifazane abatholakala ne-HSDD ungakhombisa ukuzibandakanya okuqinile kuleli qembu lezempilo kuqhathaniswa nesampula yomphakathi yamanje futhi kuyahambisana nokubuka okuyisisekelo kwi-psychchopathology yezocansi.

Isixhumanisi sokuqala esiphikisayo kwabesilisa phakathi kokuthanda okungahambelani nobulili obuphezulu kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokusebenza ngocansi, okutholakale kulolu cwaningo lwamanje kanye nophenyo lwe-ST-IAT olwedlule kumasampula emitholampilo (van Lankveld, de Jong, et al., 2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, de Jong, PJ, I-Henckens, MJMJ, UDen Hollander, P., van Den Hout, I-AJHC, & de Vries, P. (2018). Ukuthanda ukuzibandakanya ocansini nokuzenzakalelayo kwabesilisa abanokungaziphathi kahle ngokocansi. Umbhalo wocwaningo lwezocansi, 55, 802-813. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1394960[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; van Lankveld et al., 2015 van Lankveld, JJDM, I-Odekerken, I., I-Kok-Verhoeven, L., Van Hooren, S., de Vries, P., van Den Hout, A., & I-Verboon, P. (2015). Ukuzihlanganisa okucacile nokucacile okuvusa amadlingozi kwabesilisa abasebenza ngocansi nabangavumelekile. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 12, 1791-1804. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12930[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), kuvusa ukuqagela. Ukuchazwa okungenzeka kungaba ukuthi amadoda anomlando wokungaziphathi kahle futhi odumazayo wokuzibandakanya ocansini awazwani nabalingani bawo njengezisusa ezinhle zocansi yize benokwazisa okuqinile kwesisusa sobulili. Isisusa esibi ku-ST-IAT sibonisa abalingisi bezocansi abangaziwa. Ukuhlangana okuqinile, okucacile okungagcwele nalolu hlobo lwesikhuthazo emadodeni anamazinga aphansi okusebenza kocansi kungaba yisigaba sokugcina senqubo yokufunda (Georgiadis et al., 2012 I-Georgiadis, JR, I-Kringelbach, I-ML, & I-Pfaus, JG (2012). Ucansi ngokuzijabulisa: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-neurobiology yomuntu neyezilwane. Ukubuyekezwa Kwemvelo Urology, 9, 486-498. doi:10.1038 / nrurol.2012.151[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Isigaba sokuphela esinjalo singavela ekuvezweni njalo ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile ezicacile kanye nokuxhuma kwalezi zinto ezishukumisayo ngemivuzo etholwe yi-orgasm ngokushaya indlwabu, ngokungafani nokuhlangenwe nakho okungavuzi ngocansi nabalingani babo. Ezifundweni eziningana, kutholakala izixhumanisi ezinjalo, kufaka phakathi amadoda anesifiso sobulili esiphansi (UCarvalheira, Træen, & Štulhofer, 2015 UCarvalheira, A., Træen, B., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). Ukushaya indlwabu nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile phakathi kwamadoda ahlanganiswe abesilisa nabesilisa abangafani nabesilisa abanesifiso esinciphile kwezocansi: Zingakhi izindima zokushaya indlwabu? Ijenali Yezokwelapha Nezocansi, 41, 626-635. doi:10.1080 / 0092623x.2014.958790[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) nakwabesifazane nabesilisa kusampula yomphakathi (Vaillancourt-Morel et al., 2017 I-Vaillancourt-Morel, M.P., I-Blais-Lecours, S., I-Labadie, C., I-Bergeron, S., Sabourin, S., & I-Godbout, N. (2017). Amaphrofayli wokusetshenziswa kwe-cyberpornography kanye nenhlala-kahle yezocansi kubantu abadala. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 14, 78-85. doi:10.1016 / j.jsxm.2016.10.016[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), yize olunye ucwaningo phakathi kwezinsizwa zomphakathi lwehlulekile ukuthola ukuxhumana okuqinile (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015 I-Landripet, IA, & Štulhofer, A. (2015). Ngabe ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuhlobene nobunzima bokungasebenzi kwezemacansini kanye nokungasebenzi phakathi kwabesilisa abasebasha abathandanayo? Umagazini wezokwelapha, 12, 1136-1139. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12853[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ukuhlola le ncazelo eqanjiwe, van Lankveld, de Jong, et al. (2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, de Jong, PJ, I-Henckens, MJMJ, UDen Hollander, P., van Den Hout, I-AJHC, & de Vries, P. (2018). Ukuthanda ukuzibandakanya ocansini nokuzenzakalelayo kwabesilisa abanokungaziphathi kahle ngokocansi. Umbhalo wocwaningo lwezocansi, 55, 802-813. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1394960[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) kuphakanyiswe ukushumeka izithombe eziveza umlingani ngamunye wababambiqhaza kuzimo ezivusa inkanuko ku-ST-IAT. Ngenye indlela, izinhlangano zezisusa zocansi ezine-valence enhle, njengamadoda anamazinga aphansi okusebenza kocansi, angabonisa isifiso esinamandla sokuhlangana kocansi njengoba kuboniswe ezithombeni ezingcolile. Ukungafani phakathi kwalesi sifiso nokuxhumana kwabo ngokoqobo ngokocansi kungaba, empeleni, kungaba ngomunye wamandla okushayela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kocansi okungasebenzi. Okokugcina kungenzeka ukuthi abesilisa abanezinhlangano eziphakeme kakhulu ezithanda ubulili futhi banezinkolelo zocansi ezifuna kakhulu, ezihlobene nokusebenza ("izinkolelo zamehlo") ezisebenza njengezici zobungozi ekuthuthukiseni ukungasebenzi ngokocansi (Peixoto & Nobre, 2017 I-Peixoto, MM, & Nobre, P. (2017). Izinkolelo zika-'Macho 'zilinganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kweziqephu ezingezinhle zocansi kanye nokwenza kusebenze kwe-schemas yokungasebenzi ngokwesimo sobulili, emadodeni athandana nobungqingili.. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 14, 518-525. doi:10.1016 / j.jsxm.2017.02.002[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Ukuhlola umbono wokuthi izinhlangano ezinamathela ngokuqinile kobulili zichazwa izinkolelo ezinamandla zokwenza ukuthi kufakwe izinkolelo zocansi ezifundweni ezizayo.

Ngokuphikisana nalokho okutholakele kungqubuzana kwabesilisa maqondana nokuhlangana phakathi kokuthanda ukuzibandakanya ocansini okuzenzakalelayo nokusebenza ngocansi, isixhumanisi esiphawulekile kwabesilisa phakathi kwezikolo eziphakeme ze-erotophilia nezikolo eziphakeme zesifiso sobulili ziqondile. Yize izikolo eziphakeme ze-erotophilia bezihlotshaniswa nokufunwa okuphezulu kobulili okucacile kubahlanganyeli besilisa, ukuphindaphinda, ukufunwa kocansi okucacile akuzange kubonise ukuhlangana kokusebenza kocansi emadodeni.

Ukuhlaziya okwenziwe kaninginingi kwehlulekile ukuqinisekisa imiphumela yokulinganisa ebekiwe ye-WMC nezimpawu zokukhathazeka nokucindezeka kokuzihlanganisa phakathi kwezinyathelo ezifakiwe nezicacile nokusebenza ngocansi. Ngakho-ke, okutholakele kwethu akusikhanyisi okunye ngemibono engokwasekuqaleni uhlaka lwenqubo eyimbili kufanele lunikeze incazelo yokuhlukahluka kokusebenza kocansi owesilisa nowesifazane. Izinkathazo nezimpawu zokudangala azange zengeze ekubikezelweni kwanoma isiphi isici sokusebenza ngokocansi, mhlawumbe kungenxa yamazimpawu wesibonakaliso esiphansi, ahlanganiswe namazinga anele okusebenza kocansi kusampula yocwaningo.

Izincazelo eziningi ezibalulekile zokungatholi umphumela wokulawula we-WMC zingabekwa phambili. Owokuqala ukuthi umphumela onjalo we-WMC awusekho ngempela. Olunye ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lwe-empirical, kepha, lunikeza izinkomba zokuthi inkumbulo yokusebenza, futhi nezinye izici zomsebenzi ophathekayo, zibandakanyeka ekusebenzeni ngocansi, ukuvusa inkanuko ngokocansi ezinsizweni ezincane (Amezcua-Gutierrez et al., 2017 I-Amezcua-Gutierrez, C., I-Ruiz-Diaz, M., I-Hernandez-Gonzalez, M., I-Guevara, MA, I-Agmo, A., & I-Sanz-Martin, A. (2017). Umphumela wethonya lokuya ocansini ekuhlanganiseni kwe-cortical ngenkathi kwenziwa umsebenzi we-Tower of Hanoi emsebenzini wezinsizwa. Umbhalo wocwaningo lwezocansi, 54, 398-408. doi:10.1080/00224499.2015.1130211[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; URuiz-Diaz, uHernandez-Gonzalez, uGuevara, Amezcua, ne-Agmo, 2012 I-Ruiz-Diaz, M., I-Hernandez-Gonzalez, M., I-Guevara, MA, I-Amezcua, C., & I-Agmo, A. (2012). Ukuhlangana kokuqala kwe-EEG ngesikhathi se-Tower of Hanoi kanye ne-WCST: Umphumela wesikhuthazo sokubuka okungokomzwelo. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 9, 2631-2640. doi:10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2012.02782.x[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Enye incazelo yesikhashana ukuthi ukumodareyithwa yi-WMC kufihlwe yizinkinga zokusebenzisa izinsimbi. Yize i-ToH-R ibisetshenziselwa ukukhomba izici zememori yokusebenza (Goel & Grafman, 1995 I-Goel, V., & I-Grafman, J. (1995). Ngabe ama-lobes angaphambili ayathinteka emisebenzini 'yokuhlela'? Ihumusha idatha kusuka kuMbhoshongo waseHanoi. I-Neuropsychologia, 33, 623-642. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(95)90866-P[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; I-Goldman-Rakic, 1987 I-Goldman-Rakic, I-PS (1987). Ukuthuthukiswa kokujikeleza kwe-cortical nomsebenzi wokuqonda. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwabantwana, 58, 601-622. doi:10.2307/1130201[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]; UZook et al., 2004 I-Zook, NA, I-Davalos, DB, I-DeLosh, I-EL, & Davis, I-HP (2004). Ukusebenza kwememori, ukuvimbela, kanye ne-fluid fluid njengababikezeli bokusebenza ku-tower of Hanoi kanye nemisebenzi yaseLondon. Ubuchopho nokuqonda, 56, 286-292. doi:10.1016 / j.bandc.2004.07.003[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), into ebonakalayo ekuso ingabusa (Handley et al., 2002 Ukuphatha, SJ, I-Capon, A., ICopp, C., & UHarper, C. (2002). Ukucabanga okunemibandela kanye nombhoshongo weHanoi: Indima yenkumbulo yokusebenza kwendawo nangokomlomo. IBritish Journal of Psychology, 93, 501-518. doi:10.1348/000712602761381376[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]) futhi ikwenze kungafaneleki kakhulu ukumela izakhi zomlomo / zolimi zememori yokusebenza evunyelwe ukwenziwa kwalo msebenzi othile. Ezinye izinsimbi, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwamagama wamadijithi kanye namadijithi, kungahle kube kufanelekile ukufaka isici esifanele sememori yokusebenza. Ukuchazwa kokugcina kungenzeka ukuthi ubukhulu bomphumela wezingqinamba ze-WMC ezinqunyelwe kusampula engeyona eyejwayelekile incane kunalokho obekulindelwe, okuholela kumandla angalingani wezibalo (ezincane) zosayizi wesampula, okuye kwancipha kakhulu ngoba abahlanganyeli abaningi bahlangabezane nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe kanye abakwazanga ukwenza i-ToH-R. Enye ingxenye enkulu yabahlanganyeli yehlulekile wadlula umkhawulo wokusebenza kwezilingo ezintathu ezihlulekile okungenani ngoba beyekile ukubamba iqhaza kwabo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ucwaningo lwekusasa luhlelelwe ukuvivinya lezi zincazelo ezicatshangelwe.

Izikolo zabahlanganyeli besifazane kwisampula yethu zaziphansi impela, okubonisa ukuthi amazinga aphansi okusebenza kocansi (Ter Kuile et al., 2006 UTer Kuile, MM, I-Brauer, M., & I-Laan, E. (2006). I-Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) kanye ne-Female Sexual Disress Scale (FSDS): Izakhiwo zePsychometric phakathi kwabantu baseDashi. Ijenali Yezokwelapha Nezocansi, 32, 289-304. doi:10.1080/00926230600666261[UTaylor noFrancis ku-inthanethi], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]), futhi bangafaka ukungabaza kokuthi ingabe ngempela babemelele inani labantu abangavumelani. Kodwa-ke, inani le-FSFI lalabo bantu besifazane abaphendulile abazibike bona babhekene nezinkinga zocansi bebephakathi nendawo futhi bebangeni elingaphezulu kwesilinganiso lezikolo ze-FSFI. Ukutholwa okufanayo kwezikolo eziphansi ze-FSFI kubikwe nokuthi kusampula yabantu baseDutch (Lammerink et al., 2017 I-Lammerink, I-EAG, de Bock, GH, I-Pascal, A., van Beek, AP, van den Bergh, I-ACM, I-Sattler, MGA, & Ukulila, MJE (2017). Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kocansi besifazane kubantu baseDashi abajwayelekile. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 14, 937-949. doi:10.1016 / j.jsxm.2017.04.676[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]).

Sengiphetha, sithole ubufakazi kule sampule yomphakathi yokuthi izici eziningana zokusetshenziselwa ezocansi zihambisana nezinhlangano ezisobala zesisusa esivumayo nesokuthanda, ngaphezu kwezici ezicacile zokuqashelwa kwezocansi. Ukuthola kwethu kuphindaphindwe kokutholakele ezifundweni ezedlule. Asibutholanga ubufakazi bokumodareyithwa kwalezi zinhlangano yi-WMC, njengoba kusikiselwe imodeli yenqubo eyenzelwe ucansi.

Ukuvuma

Sibonga u-Anne Camper, uChantal Bos, uJill Philipsen, uMarcella Hagenaar, uMarije Koppenens, uMarissa van der Velde, uMyrinne M. Tinselboer, no-Esther Stehouwer ngokubamba kwabo iqhaza ekuqoqweni kwedatha.

Izinto zokwengeza

Ithebula lokungezwa eliku-inthanethi 2

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Ithebula lokungezwa eliku-inthanethi 1

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amanothi

Izithombe ezi-1 ezingemthetho zokuthanda i-ST-IAT kwakuyizinombolo ze-IAPS 4658, 4659, 4664, no-4680. Lezi zithombe phambilini zazisetshenziswa ocwaningweni luka-van Lankveld et al. (2015 van Lankveld, JJDM, I-Odekerken, I., I-Kok-Verhoeven, L., Van Hooren, S., de Vries, P., van Den Hout, A., & I-Verboon, P. (2015). Ukuzihlanganisa okucacile nokucacile okuvusa amadlingozi kwabesilisa abasebenza ngocansi nabangavumelekile. Umagazini wezokwelapha, 12, 1791-1804. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12930[Crossref], [I-PubMed], [I-Web of Science ®] , [I-Google Scholar]). Izithombe ezikhethiwe zokwenza umkhuba kwesifiso se-ST-IAT kwakuyizinombolo ze-IAPS 4611, 4652, 4690, kanye 4800.

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