IMIBUZO: Ucwaningo olwenziwa kwabesilisa abakhuluma isiFulentshi (ngezansi) luthole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinkinga zocansi kwe-inthanethi okunenkinga kuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi owehlisiwe we-erectile futhi kunciphise ukwaneliseka okuphelele kwezocansi. Noma kunjalo abasebenzisi be-porn abanenkinga babhekana nezifiso ezinkulu. Ucwaningo lubukeka lubika ukwanda, njengoba abesilisa abangama-49% bebheka izithombe zocansi ezithi “bekungakatholakali ngaphambili kubo noma ukuthi babecabanga njengezinengiso. ” Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi u-20.3% wabahlanganyeli uthe inhloso eyodwa yokusebenzisa kwabo i-porn "ukugcina ukuvusa nomlingani wami. ” (URob Weiss wenza umsebenzi omuhle we ukuhlaziya lolu cwaningo.)
Qaphela: Ama-OSA 'yimisebenzi yezocansi eku-inthanethi', okusho ukuthi i-porn yabaphenduli abangama-99%. Ingcaphuno:
“Imiphumela ikhombise ukuthi isifiso sobulili esiphakeme, ukwaneliseka kocansi jikelele, kanye nokusebenza okuphansi kwe-erectile kwakuhlotshaniswa nama-OSA anenkinga. Idatha yamanje ibonisa ukuthi amadoda abambe iqhaza ezinkingeni kuma-OSA angase abe nesifiso socansi esinamandla esingathintana nokuthuthukiswa kokuziphatha ngokweqile ngokocansi futhi angachaza ngokwengxenye ubunzima bokulawula lesi senzo socansi. Lezi imiphumela ingaxhunyaniswa nalabo bezifundo zangaphambilini ezibika izinga eliphezulu lokuvuselela ngokubambisana nezimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (Bancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004; Laier et al., 2013; Muise et al., 2013). ”
Lezi ziphumo zifanisa kahle nokuhlangenwe nakho kwamadoda ane-ED eyenziwe nge-porn: izifiso ezinkulu noma ukufuna, kodwa ukuvusa okuphansi nokuzaneliseka okuhambisana nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile nabalingani bangempela. Akumangalisi ukuthi, I-20.3% yabahlanganyeli ithe enye yezizathu zokusebenzisa kwabo i-porn "kwakuwukugcina ukuvuka nomlingani wami."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekugcineni sinezifundo ezibuza abasebenzisi be-porn mayelana nokunyuka kwezinhlobo zezintandokazi ezintsha noma eziphazamisayo. Qagela ukuthi yini etholakele?
"Amaphesenti angamashumi amane nesishiyagalolunye asho okungenani kwesinye isikhathi ukufuna okuqukethwe kwezocansi noma ukubandakanyeka kuma-OSA abekade engawajabulisi phambilini noma abecabanga ukuthi ayenyanyeka, kanti u-61.7% ubike ukuthi okungenani kwesinye isikhathi ama-OSA ahlotshaniswa namahloni noma imizwa yecala."
Abahlanganyeli baphinde babika amazinga aphezulu wokusetshenziswa kocansi "okungajwayelekile noma okuphambukayo". Ingcaphuno:
“Okuqaphelekayo ngukuthi yize imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi iningi lezithombe zocansi ezifunwa ngabesilisa empeleni" zingokwesiko "(isb. Ukuya ocansini kwangasese, ngomlomo nangokobulili, amavidiyo ama-amateur), ngokuqukethwe okufana nokuqukethwe okungajwayelekile (isb. Fetishism, masochism / sadism kuseshwa kaningi, okunye okuqukethwe kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile okuvame ukubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile noma “okwehlukile” kucwaningwe kaningi (intsha, 67.7%; iqembu lezocansi / iqembu legenge, i-43.2%; ukushaya, i-22.2%; i-bukkake, i-18.2%; nobugqila , 15.9%). ”
Ucwaningo luphinde lwabika izinga eliphakeme kakhulu "lokusetshenziswa kocansi okuyinkinga" phakathi kwabahlanganyeli. Qaphela ukuthi izindlela zokuthatha lolu cwaningo (1) zisebenzisa i-porn ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule, kanye (2) nowesilisa okhuluma isiFulentshi.
“Ekugcineni, ama-27.6% esampula azihlole ukuthi asetshenzisiwe yini ama-OSA njengenkinga. Phakathi kwabo (n 118), u-33.9% ucabange ukucela usizo lochwepheshe maqondana nama-OSA abo. ”
Isiphetho sabaphenyi sinxusa ukwakheka kokutadisha okuhlukanisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwezici ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa kocansi nezinkinga zocansi:
“Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kumele luqhubeke luphenye iqhaza lezinto ezithile ezingaba nobungozi ekuthuthukiseni nasekulondolozeni ukuzibandakanya okunenkinga kwamadoda kuma-OSA. Ikakhulu, ukuhlola ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi kubonakala kuyindlela ethokozisayo yocwaningo. Ngempela, izifundo zesikhathi esizayo ziyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe kangcono ubudlelwane obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokuziphatha okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi nokwe-inthanethi. Kuze kube manje, ukusetshenziswa okunenkinga kwama-OSA sekucatshangelwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuziphatha okuluthayo ngaphandle kokubheka ubungqayizivele nokucaciswa kwama-OSA, noma ukubonakaliswa okukhulu kokusebenzisa okunenkinga. Isibonelo, izingxoxo ezifanelekayo kungaba yindlela ebalulekile yokuqonda ukwenzeka kokusetshenziswa okunenkinga kwe-OSA. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele futhi luqhutshwe ngamasampula omtholampilo, kugxilwe ezinhlotsheni zakamuva zama-OSA njengemidlalo ye-3D yezocansi ebandakanya ukucwiliswa kanye nezinto zokulingisa. ”
Amakhompiyutha ekuziphatheni komuntu
Volume 56, Mashi 2016, Amakhasi 257-266
abstract
Ukubandakanya emisebenzini yezocansi e-intanethi (i-OSA) inobuningi, ikakhulukazi kubesilisa, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kungaba nzima. Izici eziyingozi ezihlobene ne-OSA eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlala, kodwa, azihloliswanga kahle. Ucwaningo lwamanje luhlose ukuphenya izici, amaphethini wokusebenzisa, nezinhloso zamadoda ukuba zihlanganyele ema-OSA futhi zivimbele izici eziyingozi ezihlobene nama-OSA anenkinga. Kulokhu, amadoda e-434 aqedela ukuhlola okusesidlangalaleni ukulinganisa ulwazi lwezenhlalakahle nezomphakathi, imikhuba ye-OSA yokusebenzisa, izisusa zokubandakanya kuma-OSA, izimpawu ze-OSA ezinenkinga, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi.
Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-OSA evame kakhulu, futhi ukuzithokozisa ngokocansi kuyisisusa esivame kakhulu ukubandakanyeka kwe-OSA. Ukuhlaziywa okuphindaphindiwe kokuphindaphindiwe kuboniswe ukuthi lezi zici ezilandelayo zihlobene nokusetshenziswa okunzima kwama-OSA: (a) imisebenzi ehlanganisiwe-isb. (Ingxoxo yezocansi) nemisebenzi yodwa (isib. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile); (b) izisusa zomthetho ezingabonakali kanye nezimo; futhi (c) nesifiso sobulili esiphakeme, ukwehlisa ukwaneliseka ngokobulili, nokusebenza okuphansi kwe-erectile.
Lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukukhanya okusha ngezici, izisusa, kanye nomsebenzi wezocansi wamadoda abandakanyekile kuma-OSA, egcizelela ukuthi ama-OSA anenkinga ayingqayizivele futhi ancike ezintweni ezihlobene. Lokhu okutholakele kusekela ukuhlelwa kwezenzo zokuvimbela kanye nokungenelela kwemitholampilo kokubili uhlobo lwe-OSA kanye nezici eziyimingcingo ngayinye.
Amagama angukhiye: Imisebenzi yocansi e-inthanethi; Ukulutha kobulili ngokocansi; Imisebenzi yezocansi enkingeni ye-intanethi; Izinhloso; Ukukhubazeka ngokocansi
Amaphuzu avela ekutadisheni
Izici zengqondo ezingase zihlobene nokusetshenziswa kanzima kwama-OSA nazo zitholanga ukunakekelwa okuncane. Ngokuyinhloko, izici ezimbili ezingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni nasekugcinweni kokusetshenziswa kwezinkinga azihloliswanga ngalokhu: (a) izisusa ngabanye ezifaka ukubandakanyeka kuma-OSA kanye (b) nokuba khona kwezidakamizwa zobulili (okungukuthi, ukungakwazi umuntu ukuzwa isifiso sobulili, injabulo, kanye / noma i-orgasm, noma ukufeza ukwaneliseka ngokocansi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele).
Kuze kube manje, kudingekile izifundo eziye zahlola indima yokuhlukumeza ngokocansi (isb., Ukuphazamiseka kwe-erectile noma i-orgasmic) ekuqaleni kwama-OSA anenkinga. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izingqinamba zingathathwa ezifundweni ezimbalwa ezibonisa ukubaluleka kokugculiswa ngokocansi noma ukuvusa ngokocansi kuma-OSA anenkinga. Ngempela, uBrand et al. (I-2011) ibike ubudlelwane obuphakathi kokulinganisa ngokocansi ngesikhathi sokubukwa kwezingcingo zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kanye nokuthambekela okubikiwe okubhekiswe kuma-OSA anenkinga. Kwesinye isifundo, uLaer, Pawlikowski, uPekal, Schulte, noBrand (2013) bagcizelela ukuthi izimpawu zokulutha komzimba we-OSA zihlobene nokuvuthwa okukhulu kobulili, ukuthanda, nokucindezela ngokucindezeleka okubangelwa ukuboniswa kocansi. Lezi zitholakele zisekela ukucabangela kokuthokozisa kwama-OSA anenkinga, lapho ukuqiniswa okuhle okuhlobene nama-OSA kuholela ekuthuthukiseni ukucubungula nokuzikhandla okukhulu (okungukuthi, ukuvuselela) maqondana nokuvezwa kwama-OSA anenkinga. I-Bancroft ne-Vukadinovic (i-2004) etholakale, kwisampula ye-31 "engavamile ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi" ezingeni eliphakeme lokuzijabulisa ngokobulili (okusho, ukuvuswa) kunokulingana nabahlanganyeli bokulawula, kuyilapho la maqembu amabili awafani ngokuhambisana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ( okungukuthi, ukuvimbela ngenxa yokusongela ukusebenza kwehluleka nokuvimbela ngenxa yengozi yemiphumela yokusebenza). Ucwaningo lwamuva olwenziwa ngu-Muise, uMilhausen, Cole, noGraham (2013) luhlolisise indima yokuvimbela ngokobulili kanye nokuzijabulisa ngokocansi, kubika ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kwezinkinga ezingavimba (okubonisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngesikhathi socansi) kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokucindezela ngokocansi emadodeni, kodwa hhayi kubesifazane. Lolu cwaningo lubuye lwabonisa ukuthi ozimele ngobulili, izinga eliphakeme lokuvusa amandla (ukukhululeka kokuvuswa kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo zobulili ezihlukahlukene) kuhlotshaniswa nezinga eliphakeme lokuphoqeleka ngokocansi.
Naphezu kokuhlolisisa kwesifundo samanje, singakwazi ukwakha imibono eminingana ngesisekelo socwaningo oludlule. Okokuqala, njengoba isampula ihlanganisa abathintekayo besilisa, sasilindele ukuthi imisebenzi yokuzimela yodwa izothathwa ngokuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi ehlangene-yokuvusa. Okwesibili, sasilindele ukuthi izisusa eziyinhloko zokuzibandakanya ema-OSA zizohlobene nokuzifunela ngokocansi, ukuvuswa kocansi, ukuphazamiseka / ukuphumula, isimiso somqondo, kanye nemfundo / ukwesekwa. Phakathi kwalezi zinsusa, sabikezela ukuthi ukulawulwa kwemizwelo kanye nesithakazelo kuma-OSA atholakala kuphela ku-intanethi kungahlanganiswa nama-OSA anenkinga. Okwesithathu, silindele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kuzohlotshaniswa nezinga eliphakeme lokuphakamisa / isifiso nokucindezeleka okuningi kocansi (isb., Isifo se-erectile kanye / noma i-orgasmic disorder).
- Imigomo yokungena yayiyindoda ekhuluma isiFulentshi, iminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphezulu, eyasebenzisa ama-OSA phakathi nezinyanga zangaphambilini ze-3.
- Ubudala besampula kwakungu-29.5 iminyaka (i-SD ¼ 9.5; ububanzi be-18e72). I-59% ibike ukuthi ibuhlobo obusondelene, futhi i-89.2% ibike ukuthi isandulela ngculazi.
- I-OSA eyinhloko kakhulu "yayibukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile" (99%), ilandelwa "ulwazi lokusesha" (67.7%) nokufunda "iseluleko socansi" (66.2%).
- Esifundweni samanje, iningi labahlanganyeli kwakungamadoda asebekhulile abesilisa nabesifazane abadala abathintekayo ebuhlotsheni obuzinzile obenezinga eliphezulu lemfundo. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi iningi labantu abaphendulile basebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, okuhambisana nemiphumela yezifundo zangaphambilini
- Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuqukethwe ezibikiwe (okungukuthi, kubahlanganyeli abaphendula ngokuthi okungenani "banesithakazelo" noma "banesithakazelo kakhulu"; n 396 ngenxa yedatha elahlekile) kwakuyizansi zobulili (87.9%), ubulili bomlomo (77.8%), amavidiyo amateur (72%), osemusha (67.7%), kanye nobulili obudala (56.3%)
Amaphesenti angamashumi amane nesishiyagalolunye okushiwo okungenani ngezinye izikhathi ukufuna okuqukethwe kobulili noma ukubandakanyeka kuma-OSA ababengazange bathandeke ngaphambilini noma ukuthi babecabanga njengezinengiso, futhi i-61.7% ibike ukuthi okungenani ngezinye izikhathi ama-OSA ahlotshaniswa namahloni noma imizwa enecala. Okokugcina, i-27.6% yesampula yokuzihlola yahlola ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwama-OSA njengenkinga. Phakathi kwabo (n 118), i-33.9% ihlose ukucela usizo lochwepheshe mayelana nama-OSA abo
Sinqume ukususa "ukuxhumana nabasebenzi bezocansi" kusukela ekuhlaziyweni, njengoba lokhu kuziphatha kwabikwa yingxenye encane yabathintekayo (5.6%) futhi ngaleyo ndlela ayimelwe isampula samanje uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-OSA ezikhonjiwe
Ukuhlaziywa okuhlukene okuhlukumeziwe okwesithathu kwakulinganiselwe ukubikezela ukusetshenziswa komlutha (ngokusekelwe ku-s-IAT-sex1) ngokuphathelene nezinhlobo ezintathu zezinto ezibeka ingozi: (a) izinhlobo ze-OSA (eziguquguqukayo ezintathu), (b) izisusa zokusebenzisa ama-OSA ( izinyathelo eziyisithupha), kanye (c) nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili (izinhlobonhlobo ezinhlanu).
Ukuhlaziywa kwesithathu ukuveza ukuthi isifiso sobulili esiphezulu, ukwaneliseka kobulili okuphansi, kanye nokusebenza okuphansi kwe-erectile kubikezela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-OSA kuyinkinga.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-OSA okunzima kwakuhlotshaniswa nohlobo oluthandwayo lomsebenzi (imisebenzi ehlanganisiwe-yokuvusa imisebenzi kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa yodwa), izisusa ezithile (ukulawulwa kwemizwelo kanye nokucabanga okungaziwa), nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (isifiso sobulili esiphakeme, ukwaneliseka okuphansi kocansi, kanye nokusebenza okuphansi kwe-erectile) .Ukuhlaziywa okuphindaphindiweyo kubonisa ukuthi phakathi kwalezi zici eziyingozi, izisusa zokuhlanganyela kuma-OSA zazihlobene kakhulu nokuzibonakaliswa kwezibonakaliso zokulutha.
Okuphawula ukuthi yize imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi iningi lezinto ezingcolile zobulili olufunwa ngamadoda ngokuyinhloko "lendabuko" (isib. Ubulili bobulili bomlomo, ubulili bomlomo kanye nesandulela ngculazi, amavidiyo amateur), okuqukethwe okunamapayipi nokungajwayelekile (isib., Fetishism, masochism / sadism) ukuseshwa njalo, okunye okucatshangwa kocansi okuvame ukucatshangwa ukuthi "okungavamile" noma "okungahambi kahle" kwakuvame ukucwaningwa (kwentsha, i-67.7%; ubulili beqembu / i-gang gang, i-43.2%; ukushaya, i-22.2%; i-bukkake, i-18.2%; nokugqila, i-15.9%).
Ucwaningo lwabonisa lokho kokubili ama-OSA azinzile-kanye nabalingani bawo ahlobene nokubandakanyeka okunzima.
Phakathi kwezici ezicatshangwayo, sithole ukuthi izisusa zokubandakanya ema-OSA zichaza ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokuthi ukulawulwa kwemizwelo nokuqagela okungaziwa kuhlobene kakhulu nokusetshenziswa okunzima.
Ngokuphathelene nokucabanga okungaziwa, ukutholakala kwethu kuyahambisana neka Ross et al. (2012), obonise ukuthi izithakazelo ezithile zobulili ezingcolile zihlobene nokusetshenziswa kanzima kwama-OSA.
Imiphumela yesifundo samanje iphinde igcizelele ukuthi amadoda abonisa ama-OSA anenkinga ayabonakala ngokunethezeka okuphansi nokusebenza okuphansi kwe-erectile.
Ngakho-ke bangasebenzisa ama-OSA ukwanelisa izidingo zabo zocansi ngenkathi begwema izinkinga ezihlobene nokwakhiwa abazithola ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini ungaxhunywanga. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungaholela kumbuthano ononya onomthelela omubi ekwanelisekeni kwezocansi jikelele. Ukuthola kwethu futhi kuyahambisana nalokho kukaMuise et al. (2013) ekhombisa ukuthi amadoda abika inani eliphakeme lokuqonda okuvimbela (okukhombisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu nokukhathazeka ngesikhathi socansi) abonisa ukuphoqeleka okuphezulu kwezocansi, kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo lwakamuva olugcizelela ukuthi imvamisa ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ihlotshaniswa nenjabulo ephansi nezocansi ukusondelana, kanye nokukhathazeka ngokusebenza kocansi nomzimba womzimba (ILanga, amabhuloho, uJohnason no-Ezzell, i-2014). Lokhu okutholakele ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezifundo ezintsha ukuphazamisa indima yezici zocansi ekuthuthukiseni nasekuqhubekeni kokusetshenziswa kwe-OSA okunenkinga
Lolu cwaningo luqala ukuphenya ngokuqondile ubudlelwane phakathi kwezidakamizwa zobulili nokubandakanyeka okunzima kuma-OSA. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi isifiso sobulili esiphezulu, ukwaneliseka kocansi okuphansi, nomsebenzi ophansi we-erectile wawuhlotshaniswa nama-OSA anenkinga. Idatha yamanje iphakamisa ukuthi amadoda anokubandakanyeka okunenkinga kuma-OSA angaba nesifiso esikhulu sobulili esingahlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kokuziphatha ngokweqile kwezocansi futhi angachaza ngokwengxenye ubunzima bokulawula lesi sifiso socansi. Le miphumela ingaxhunyaniswa naleyo yezifundo zangaphambilini ezibika izinga eliphakeme lokuvuka ngokuhambisana nezimpawu zokulutha ngokocansi (IBancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004; Laier et al., 2013; Muise et al., 2013).
Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele luqhubeke luphenye iqhaza lezinto ezithile ezinobungozi ekuthuthukiseni nasekugcinweni kokubandakanyeka okuyinkinga kwamadoda kuma-OSA. Ikakhulu, ukuhlola ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi kubonakala kuyindlela ethokozisayo yocwaningo Ngempela, izifundo zesikhathi esizayo ziyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe kangcono ubudlelwane obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokuziphatha okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi nokuziphatha kocansi online. Kuze kube manje, ukusetshenziswa okunenkinga kwama-OSA sekucatshangelwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuziphatha okuluthayo ngaphandle kokubheka ubungqayizivele nokucaciswa kwama-OSA, noma ukubonakaliswa okungajwayelekile kokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga. Isibonelo, izingxoxo ezifanelekayo kungaba yindlela ebalulekile yokuqonda ukwenzeka kokusetshenziswa okunenkinga kwe-OSA. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele futhi luqhutshwe ngamasampula emitholampilo, kugxilwe ezinhlotsheni zakamuva zama-OSA ezifana nemidlalo ye-3D yezocansi ebandakanya ukucwiliswa kanye nezinto zokulingisa.
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