Imiphumela Yezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Kubudlelwano Babantu Abadala Abesilisa (2019)

UG Anne Vanderlaan * no-Ellie Cinamon Jullian

Saybrook University, USA

I-Open Access Journal yokulutha kanye ne-Psychology, uMqulu 2; doi: 10.33552 / oajap.2019.02.000530

abstract

Injongo yalolu cwaningo ukubheka imiphumela yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kunoma yikuphi ukuluthwa okulandelayo kanye nethonya eliphumela ebudlelwaneni besilisa abadala. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ezincwadini ezihloliwe, kunemithombo embalwa etholakalayo ngesihloko sethonya imilutha yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile enalo ebudlelwaneni bomuntu siqu nabesilisa, noma imiphumela ebuhlotsheni. Isihloko sezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokulutha ngokweqile ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kuyavela.

Kunenkinga eyisisekelo yokuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nomlutha wazo kubukeka sengathi kunenkolelo engaphansi kwenkolo [1] ngaphandle kokuba yinkinga, kuyindlela yokuphila nje. Leyo nkinga inegama, umlutha wobulili. Umlutha wobulili awuyona impoqo noma nje indlela yokuphila. Lokhu kuziphatha umlutha kokubuka i-porn ngenkathi uhambisa indlwabu kunesikhathi esinqunyiwe se-Faping. Ukuhlunga yigama labesilisa kuphela. Igama elisetshenziselwa abantu besifazane abaziphatha ngendlela efanayo iSchlick. Le ndlela yokwenza ucansi ingumsebenzi owedwa, awuvamile ukufaka abanye abantu noma abalingani. Ukubuka izithombe ezingcolile kuletha iningi lalolu hlobo lwezinto zocansi. Abesilisa bavame ukuthinteka kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umlutha wobulili ezingcolile. Ezinye izazi zithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kunesixhumanisi esilimazayo ngokwanelisa ngokobulili ebudlelwaneni [2].

Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule i-Intanethi isiphenduke isisulu sezinto zocansi ezitholakala kalula, kufaka phakathi ukutholakala kwamafilimu ezingcolile, kanye nokuqashelwa okuningana kwemikhuba engahambelani neningi lomphakathi wethu. Ucwaningo lweMulac, Jansma noLinz [3] luveze ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane abasebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile bathola isehlukaniso kaningi kunamadoda nabesifazane abagqugquzelwa ezinye izinto, futhi bangasebenzisi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Imiphumela eyinhloko yokusebenzisa kabi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngenkathi isebudlelwaneni obuqhubeka nomthelela obubi kubudlelwano nesixhumanisi sokungathembeki, ivuswa ukungazinikeli ebuhlotsheni. [3] Lapho owesilisa ebuka izithombe ezingcolile, akaneliseki ngendlela abalingani bakhe ababonisa ngayo ubulili noma indlela abukeka ngayo umlingani wakhe. Abesilisa abaziphatha kabi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile babebonakala bezenza ubukhosi abakubona endaweni yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi bethanda ukungakhathazeki ngabalingani bakhe abazizwa noma izidingo zabo enjabulweni yezocansi noma ebudlelwaneni. Kungaba nesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungalimaza ubudlelwano ozibophile [4]. Ucwaningo lukhombisa imiphumela yobudlelwano bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ibucayi amazinga ancipha ebudlelwano bezocansi [5].

Isingeniso

Izithombe ezingcolile zobulili azintsha; bekulokhu kuyingxenye yayo yonke impucuko esemhlabeni. Umehluko omkhulu kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile namuhla ukuthi iyatholakala ukubukwa noma kukuphi. Ekuphepheni kwekhaya lakho, umuntu angagcwalisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifiso ngaphandle kokubandakanya omunye umuntu. Ekuchofozeni okumbalwa ocingweni noma ekhompyutheni umuntu angangena ezweni elinobunyoninco noma yini kwezocansi, kufaka phakathi ukulala nezilwane (kufaka phakathi ucansi nezilwane zalo lonke uhlobo), ukugqilazwa, ukuya ocansini nezingane, nokudlwengulwa kwabesifazane ngabesilisa abaningana. Imisebenzi ye-cybersexual ifaka izithombe zeSoftcore, amavidiyo weSoftcore, izithombe eziqinile, amavidiyo ama-Hardcore, izingxoxo zocansi, ucansi nge-Webcam Live, noma imibukiso yezocansi [6].

Izitudiyo ezikhiqiza amafilimu wezithombe zocansi zisungulwe ngemfashini yaseHollywood, ziphelele ngobudlelwano obungamanga. Abalingisi abanemizimba eguqulwe ukuze ibonakale iyingqayizivele, njengabesifazane abanamabele amakhulu, noma abesilisa abanezipikili ezinkulu, benzela ikhamera, imiphumela yezocansi umuntu ojwayelekile angasoze ayilingisa, noma engeke akwazi ukuyilingisa. Esikhathini esiningi owesimame onendoda uvezwa njengobuthakathaka futhi engenazinkinga. Abukho ubudlelwane bomuntu siqu obuthuthukisiwe, noma ubudlelwane bezothando obuhlongozwayo, konke kumayelana nokusebenza. Ngesikhathi se-2016 kuphela, abantu babuke amahora we-4,599,000,000 wezithombe zocansi kwenye yezindawo ezinkulu zocansi kwi-inthanethi [7].

Imiphumela iphakamise ukuthi ukungezwani okukhulu phakathi kwabalingani ekusebenziseni izithombe zocansi kuhlobene nokwaneliseka okuncane kobuhlobo, ukuqina okuncane, ukukhulumisana okuhle, kanye nolaka oluhlobene kakhulu. Ukuhlaziya ukulamula kuphakamise ukuthi ukungafani okukhulu kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwakuhlotshaniswa kakhulu namazinga aphakeme okulwa kobudoda besilisa, isifiso sobulili esiphansi, kanye nokukhulumisana okuhle okumbili kubo bobabili abalingani, okwabe kubikezela ukwaneliseka okuhlobene nokuqina okuphakathi kwabo bobabili abalingani. Imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ukungafani kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingeni labashadikazi kuhlobene nemiphumela emibi yemibhangqwana. Umehluko wezocansi ongaguqula izinqubo ezithile zokuxhumana ezimbalwa, ezingathonya ukwaneliseka nobudlelwano [8].

Abantu besilisa baphila amanga ngokubuka izithombe ezingcolile nokushaya indlwabu kulokho okusezibukweni zabo amahora amaningi nsuku zonke. Akusadingeki ukuthi avele enkantolo umlingani wakho noma azinikele nganoma iyiphi indlela. USun, uBridges, uJohnson, no-Ezzell [9] bayachaza, ingxenye yezentengiso yezithombe zocansi ixubile yahlanganisa le ndatshana ehambisana nodlame nokuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane. Ukususwa ngabalingani babo noma ukunganakwa kunikeza isizathu kowesilisa ukuthola eminye imithombo yokukhululwa kwabo ocansini. Bangazikhulula futhi bangabi nokuxhumana nabalingani babo. Umlingani wabo uba yizithombe zocansi. “Abesilisa babheka abesifazane ngendlela eyehlisayo imvamisa ngemuva kokubuka izithombe zocansi. Ukuziphatha kubesifazane nezinkinga ezihambisana nokuziphatha okungekhona kocansi nokuziphatha kocansi bese ngibaqhathanisa ”[3]. Ukugqugquzela ezocansi kumele kujabulise ngokwengeziwe ukuthola ukukhululwa kwabo. Bangazama futhi bakopishe abakubonayo kepha baphikiswa ngabalingani babo besifazane. Noma ngabe bayaphumelela ukuthola imvume yokuzama kwabalingani babo besifazane, izenzo zocansi abafisa ukuziqedela azinakwenzeka kubantu abajwayelekile. Amadoda kwesinye isikhathi awakwazi ukuzivusa futhi azizwe ephoqelekile ukuthi abuyele ezweni lamaphupho atholakala ezweni le-porn. U-Yucel no-Gassanov [10] basebenzise i-Interpersonal Exchange Model ye-Ukwaneliseka kwezocansi ophakamisa ukuthi ukwaneliseka ngokocansi kuncike kwizisusa nakukwaneliseka okutholakala ebudlelwaneni bezocansi. Ibonisa ukuthi isamba sokweneliseka kanjani ukuthi sincike kanjani ekwanelisweni. Ababhali bachaze, "ukuthi ukwaneliseka ngokocansi kuzokwehla uma omunye umlingani esebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengoba izinga lemivuzo yezocansi emshadweni kungenzeka lingalingani kahle nezinga lemivuzo elindelekile etholakala ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile" (iphe. 137). Lokhu kudala isidingo sezenzo zobulili ezingafani ezivela kwabalingani ezishisa ubulili obujwayelekile ngenxa yalezo zithombe ezibukwayo.

Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zingaba yingozi emshadweni futhi zingaholela emadodeni abuke abalingani babo njengabangahehi kangako ocansini ngoba abalingisi bezithombe zocansi abakhethe ngokukhethekile ukubukeka kwabo ngokocansi. Amadoda ajwayele ukwahlulela abalingani ngokuqhathanisa nalabo ababona kumawebhusayithi wezithombe zocansi, futhi ukusebenza kwabo ngokocansi kunganikeza indoda umbono wokuthi umlingani wayo akakwazi ukwenza njengoba kufanele. UMaddox, et al. [2] wachaza, ukuthi izithombe zocansi ziyisibonelo esihle salesi sahlulelo ngokuthi bachaze izinkinga ezahlukahlukene izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezingaba yingozi ngazo emshadweni. Ebudlelwaneni bomshado lapho omunye umuntu engajabule, ubudlelwano bungahlupheka. Izithandani zinomthelela komunye nomunye futhi ebudlelwaneni obuhle abantu abaningi bafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bahlangabezana nokulindelwe. Emishadweni lapho lokho okulindelwe kuhlala kungagcwaliseki, ubudlelwano bungalimala Ebudlelwaneni abesifazane abaningi bazizwa kabi uma bengakwazi ukulingana nabalingisi esikrinini. UStewart & Szymanski [11], uchaze ukuthi lokho kucwaninga kule ndawo kukhombisa ukuthi kuthanda ukuthi kube nembangela eguqukayo ngokungajabuli emshadweni okukhombisa ukuthi kungakhuphula ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi bese kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi. Banikeze imibiko yabo kulabo bantu abasebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi bazibuza ukuthi ngabe abaphendulile bakhulume iqiniso ngezithombe zocansi ngoba bathole amadoda amaningi angafuni ukwethembeka ngokusetshenziswa kwabo kwezithombe zocansi. Futhi bebengazi ukuthi la madoda asebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zodwa noma nabalingani bawo ngoba leyo mibhangqwana esebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ndawonye inezinkinga ezimbalwa kunalezo ezisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngaphandle komlingani wazo.

Isehlukaniso nobudlelwano obungajabulisi ngaso sonke isikhathi abunakuba neziphelo ezinhle. Akubona bonke abantu ababuka izithombe zocansi abayimilutha futhi akwaziwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kunamthelela muni kulezi zinkinga. Ukutholwa kwezithombe zocansi kuvunyelwe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomphakathi kufaka phakathi imitapo yolwazi eminingi. Ukuthi umuntu ongumlutha wakhe uthola kanjani usizo abaludingayo akucaci. U-Ariely noLoewenstein [12], bahlongoza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile noma umlutha nabantu kungahle kungabi sesimweni esifanele ingqondo, noma kungathathwa njengasesimweni esejwayelekile. Abenzi bezinqubomgomo noma i-APA bangahle bangene bakhombise umphakathi ubungozi obuxhumanisa umlutha wezocansi nokungajabuli futhi bubangele izinkinga ebudlelwaneni, ngisho nezinkinga ebudlelwaneni abazibophezele. Baphinde baphakamise ukuthi uma umuntu eqatha futhi efuna ukuba nobudlelwano obuhle, kufanele bafune labo bantu abazohambisana nokubuka kwabo izithombe zobulili ezingcolile emshadweni kunokuyigcina iyimfihlo. U-Ariely noLoewenstein [12]. Isigaba esilandelayo sidingida ukuxhumana phakathi komlutha we-porn nethonya lawo ebuchosheni bomuntu.

Ngabe Ubuchopho Buthonywa Kanjani?

Lesi sigaba sizoxoxa ngocwaningo oluhlukahlukene olwenziwe ngokulutha kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ebuchosheni kusetshenziswa ucwaningo olwedlule. UKühn & Gallinat [13] bathole ukuthi ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuba umlutha, futhi kuthinta into empunga yowesilisa, okwenza kube nzima ukukwazi ukugcina ubudlelwano nabalingani bezocansi.

Kusukela kuvela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kwi-Intanethi, ukutholakala, ukutholakala, kanye nokungaziwa kokukhuthala kwezocansi okubukwayo kukhule futhi kwaheha izigidi zabasebenzisi. Ngokusekelwe kumcabango wokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kufana nokuziphatha okukuvuzayo, ukuziphatha okufuna okusha, nokuziphatha umlutha, siguqula ukuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi yangaphambili yestriatal kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile [13].

Labacwaningi baphinde babika nezizathu zalolu hlobo lokulutha kwezithombe zocansi njengoba: Inhlangano engemihle yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngevolumu efanelekile ye-striatum (caudate), ne-activation ye-striatum (putamen) ngesikhathi sokusebenza kabusha, kanye nokuxhumeka okuphansi kokusebenza kwe-caudate efanele I-cortex yesobunxele yangaphambi kwesobunxele ingakhombisa ushintsho kusisekelo se-neural njengomphumela wokuvuselela okukhulu kohlelo lomvuzo, kanye nokushintshanisa okuphansi okuphezulu kwezindawo zangaphambi kwecortical. Ngenye indlela, kungaba yimibandela eyenza ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ezingcolile kube nomvuzo ngakumbi [13].

Ngokusho kukaBrand, et al. [6] Imiphumela isekela indima ye-ventral striatum ekucubunguleni ukulindelwa komvuzo nokunethezeka okuxhunywe kokuqukethwe kocansi okuncamela ukuthandwa. Ukusebenza kabusha kwe-dentral striatal kwakuzwela okuthandwa yibo futhi kuchaze ukwahluka kobukhulu bophawu. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokuthola ukulindelwa komvuzo kokuqothuka kwangaphakathi zingafaka isandla ekuchazeni kahle ukuthi kungani abantu abathandayo nabanemibono yezocansi besengozini yokulahlekelwa ukulawula kwabo ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kuyi-Internet.

Ucwaningo olusha olusebenzayo nge-functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMri) lukhombisa ukuthi le nkinga yokuluthwa ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ifana nemilutha yokugembula nokulutha kwezidakamizwa [i-14].

I-Intanethi inezindawo eziningi lapho umuntu angaba umlutha wazo njengokuthenga izinto esizeni sendawo, imidlalo, ezokuxhumana nabantu, kanye nokugembula. Leyo enamazinga aphezulu okulutha e-Intanethi okwamanje wokudlala. Futhi ifundwe futhi icwaningwe ngaphezu kweminye imisebenzi engenzeka yokulutha [15].

Isigaba esilandelayo sifaka umphumela ukuthonya okungcolile okungaba nawo emqondweni womuntu. Kufakwe kule ngxoxo sihloko sokuzibona, i-psychology yezengqondo

Amadoda Alinganisa Kanjani Kokuthi Abukeleni Kwezithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile?

Iningi labantu lizakhela ukuthi lingobani, noma ubunikazi balo ngokuhlangenwe nakho, izizathu zethu ezingemuva, izinkolelo zethu, ukuthi silibona kanjani izwe nokuzazi kwethu kwangaphakathi. UGeorge Kelly (1905- 1967) wayengomunye wabakadebona abasebenza ngezokwelapha abaphambili. Ngokusho kukaKelly's Personal Construct Theory, wonke umuntu uhumusha umhlaba ngendlela ehlukile futhi usebenzisa lezi zinhlaka ukuqagela ukuthi zizosithinta kanjani njengabantu (Allpsych, 2018). Lo mbono uyasebenza kwezithombe zocansi ezisetshenzisiwe. Izithombe ezingcolile zobulili zingathonya umbono womuntu ngobudlelwano babo futhi zithonye ubunikazi babo. Inani elithile lamahloni lingavela nokusebenzisa umlutha kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, okungenza kube nzima ngokwengeziwe ukwakha ubuhlobo. Ukubuka abadlali kula mavidiyo kungaba nomthelela ongemuhle ekutheni amadoda azibona kanjani izitho zangasese noma imizimba yawo ngemuva kokubuka izithombe zocansi ze-Intanethi [i-16]. Izithombe zomzimba ngenkathi ubuka izithombe zocansi zingafundisa amadoda ukuthi awekho mikhulu ngokwanele noma muhle ngokwanele ukuba sebuhlotsheni. Isikhungo Sokuhlola Ukulwa Nezifo Zempilo Yezempi sibike ocwaningweni lwe-2014 lweminyaka yabasebenzi bezempi be-367 iminyaka engu-21 kuya ku-40 bathola ukungasebenzi kwe-erectile kumaphesenti angu-33.2 wamadoda [17]. Umbhali uqhubeka nokusho ukuthi Ukwanda kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kuhambisane nokutholakala kalula kwezithombe zocansi ze-inthanethi. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo oluningi luthole ukuvumelana phakathi kokukhula kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokwehla kwesifiso sobulili, ukuvusa inkanuko yobulili, ukuthokozela ukusondelana ngokobulili nokweneliswa kwezocansi kanye nezinkinga ezengeziwe zocansi, njengokuqina kwe-erectile. Umlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ubonakala uthinta izindlela zomvuzo wobuchopho, okuholela enkambisweni yemivuzo engagcwaliswa kuphela ngezindlela ezitholakala kuzithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi kunciphise ukuphendula kobuchopho ekuvumeni okuvamile kobulili. Ngandlela thile, ukwanda kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kufisa umuntu lowo ukuba abe nesifiso sokuya ocansini [17].

Uma abantu benemikhuba yobudlova, bangathinteka kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izithombe zocansi. Labo asebevele banokuthambekela kobudlova bathinteka kakhulu yizithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Umbulali weS serial uJeffrey Dahmer uchaze indlela asebenzisa ngayo ezocansi ukubulala abantu abalishumi nesikhombisa ababathumbe. UTed Bundy, wayengumdlwenguli olahlwe yicala futhi wabulala abantu abaningi, wathi lapho kuxoxwa naye eqoshwa ngemuva kwamahora amane ngaphambi kokubulawa kwakhe, ukuthi izithombe ezingcolile zobudlova zazinomthelela ekuthambekeni kwakhe kobudlova nokulingisa kwakhe ngesikhathi sama-1970. Baningi abanye abahlukumeza ngokocansi nababulali be-serial abathi ukuba ngumlutha wobulili ezingcolile kwaba yisisusa ezenzweni zabo ezimbi. Umbuzo akukhona ukuthi wonke umuntu ozibandakanya ku-porn uzophuma enze lokho abakubonayo nokho kunephethini lapho izithombe zocansi zibambe iqhaza ezenzweni zabo. Isihluthulelo salokhu ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungenzeka ukuthi kunike laba bantu abakwenze indlela yokuthola imicabango kanye nokwenza impilo ejwayelekile kubo, ngendlela yokubenza bazimisele [18-20].

Ngokusho kuka-Elizabeth Smart [21] ekukhulumeni ngokuthathwa kwakhe nguBrian Mitchell e2002, umthumbi wakhe wamdlwengula ephindelela. Wake wanquma ukusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukuze azikhuthaze futhi nokuthi okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwaba isihogo esiphilayo. Wachaza ukuthi umthumbi wakhe uzomenza abuke izithombe zocansi futhi enze lokho akubonile.

Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zabamba Ingxenye Emcabangweni Ka-Abelidor Wakhe?

Izicelo zamakhasimende zokutholakala kwezithombe ezingcolile zibonisa ukuthi ngeke wehlise ijubane ngenxa yemvelo yomlutha onayo ebuchosheni. Ukukhululeka okwandisiwe kokufinyelela ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile kukhombisa ukuthi kufana nesitimela esinganqeneki, sizoqhubeka nokuchuma kulimaze ukuxhumana kwabantu. Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi kunentengo yobudlelwano okufanele ikhokhwe ehambisana nokudla izithombe zocansi, ngokuqondile maqondana nokuzibophezela ebudlelwaneni [22]. Izithombe zocansi ziphakeme kakhulu, ziphakeme kakhulu kunenjabulo yocansi evela kumlingani. Izithombe zocansi zitholakala njalo, azikaze zikhulume emuva, azikaze zibe nekhanda, futhi azikhathali kakhulu. Akukaze kwenza ukukhuluma okuncane noma kubuze omunye ukuthi abe ne-foreplay noma akuxhomekile ekubeni sondele komunye umuntu. Izithombe zocansi zihlala zikhona kumuntu olinde noma yini ecatshangwe ukuthi iyadingeka noma ayifunayo. Kuyajabulisa, futhi umuntu akufanele ahlanganyele imizwa. Futhi umuntu angahamba kaningi ngosuku ngaphandle kokuthenga izimbali. Amadoda asebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ekubukeni kokuzijabulisa, bese efafaza kungenzeka angaqondi ukuthi enza izindlela ezixhumeni zobuchopho zawo ezivela ku-arousal bese ehlangabezana nokweneliseka kwezocansi. Kufanele babuke izithombe zocansi ezintsha futhi eziguqukayo ezinemiphumela eyeqisayo futhi bangangena ngisho nasenkabeni yokubuya eshintshayo futhi ukuze ifinyelele kulokho phezulu kwezocansi. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nokushushumbiswa kwezocansi ziyaqalwa ngoba ukuxhumana kungokoqobo. Ngenxa yalomqondo wokuthenga manje, wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile usephenduke umlutha njengobugqila. Kungumsebenzi wobugqila obuthengiwe futhi obukhokhela ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi. Iningi lalabo bantu abasengozini esetshenziswa futhi ehlukunyezwa yila mafilimu aliboni ubungako bokulutha kwabo, noma ukuthi bayimilutha kangakanani. Ngakho-ke, umjikelezo uyaqhubeka futhi uyanda njengoba isidingo sokwanda kwezithombe zocansi ezingaphezulu. Khulu ibhizinisi. Kunesidingo esisobala sokwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe njengomzamo wokuvikela labo abasengozini enkulu yalolu gibe futhi uqaphele ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zilimaza kanjani ubudlelwano, futhi okubi kakhulu, futhi zinokubopha okukhulu ekulimazeni ubuchopho [23-28].

Isifinyezo

Isihloko sokulutha ngezithombe zobulili ezingcolile siyinsimu ecashile. Iningi locwaningo luphathelene nohlangothi lwenkolo lokusebenzisa kwalo. Izici ezingokwengqondo zakhona ziyashoda. Kunesidingo sokufundwa okwengeziwe ngokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi ngoba sitholakala kalula kwi-inthanethi [28-34].

Ukubonisa

Akukho.

Ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo

Akukho kungqubuzana kwenzalo

Okubhekwayo

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