Ubufakazi bePudding buyinkambinkimbi: Idatha iyadingeka ukuze ihlolwe amamodeli nezinhloso ezihlobene nezithintelo zobulili ezicindezelayo (2018)

Incwadi eya kuMhleli

UGola, Mateusz, noMarc N. Potenza.

I-Archives yokuziphatha ngokocansi: 1-3.

UWalton, uCantor, uBhullar, noLykins (2017) muva nje ubuyekeze isimo solwazi kuma-hypersexuality anenkinga futhi wethula imodeli yokucabanga yokuziphatha ngokuziphatha kocansi okuphoqelekile (CSBs). Kuyiqiniso, ukusesha kwabo izincwadi kwaqedwa ngoSepthemba 2015 futhi inqubekela phambili eminingi yenziwe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Okusemqoka, ngenkathi amamodeli amaningi emiqondo ngokweqile kanye nama-hypotheses athunyelwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi mayelana ne-CSB nokuziphatha okuhlobene, amamodeli amaningi nama-hypotheses asalinde ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni okusemthethweni. Yize kunjalo, ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze imigqa yesikhathi esizayo yophenyo ukuze kuvivinywe ngokusemthethweni amamodeli nama-hypotheses ahlongozwayo. Kule ncwadi, sigxile kweminye imibuzo ephakanyiswe nguWalton et al. kususelwa kokutholakele kwakamuva futhi kukhombisa imibuzo ebalulekile engaphendulwanga evumela ukucubungula kocwaningo ukukhuthaza inqubekela phambili ehlelekile.

Imibuzo engaphendulwanga

Kuyini ukwanda kwe-CSB?

Walton et al., Efana nabanye ababhali (Carnes, 1991), ithi ukubikwa kokuqagelwa kwe-CSB kuphakathi kwe-2 ne-6% yabantu abadala. Ngeshwa, izincazelo maqondana nalokho okwakha i-CSB zihlala zidingidwa, okwenza kube nzima ukuqagela okucacile kokuthandwa kwe-CSB. Kunesimo esifanayo senkinga yemidlalo ye-inthanethi (IGD) lapho inani lokuqagela lalihluka kakhulu ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwenqubo ehlongozwayo esemthethweni kuhlelo lwesihlanu Incwadi Yokuhlola Nezibalo Zezinkinga Zengqondo (DSM-5; APA, 2013; UPetry no-O'Brien, 2013). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayikho idatha emele izwe lonke kuze kube manje eshicilelwe ukunikeza izilinganiso ze-CSB, nedatha ekhona ngokujwayelekile incike kumasampula wokusebenziseka kalula (Odlaug et al., 2013). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqoqa imininingwane kusuka kumasampula abamele ukuze uqonde ukwanda (kanye nomthelela omuhle) we-CSB kubantu jikelele, nokuthi kungahluka kanjani phakathi kwezomthetho kanye namaqembu ahlukene (isib, maqondana nobudala, ubulili, amasiko ). Imininingwane enjalo ingasisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi izici ezithile (isib. Ukufinyelela ezithombeni zocansi, amasiko noma izinkambiso, izinkolelo zenkolo) zingahlobana kanjani nezinhlobo ezithile noma izinhlobo ze-CSB.

Umbuzo ohlobene uhilela ukwehluka okungahle kube khona phakathi kwabantu basemtholampilo nabangaphansi kwemitholampilo. Isibonelo esisodwa singahlobana nengxoxo kaWalton et al. Ngendima yezenkolo ku-CSB. Izifundo ezimbili (iGrubbs, Exline, Pargament, Hook, neCarlisle, 2015a; Grubbs, Volk, Exline, & Pargament, I-2015b) ahlinzeke ukusekelwa ukuthi inkolo nokungavunyelwa kokuziphatha okuhle kokusebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungahle kube nomthelela ekuzaziseni ngokwakho umlutha wezocansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iReid, Umbazi, noHook (2016) ithole ukuthi inkolo yayihlobene nezinyathelo zokuzibika ze-hypersexourse. Ukuchazwa okungenzeka kokungafani kungabonakala ngezici zendlela yokusebenza (isb., Ephathelene nendlela i-CSB echazwa futhi ihlolwe ngayo) umehluko kubantu abafundile, noma ezinye izinto. Mayelana nezifundo zabantu, uGrubbs et al. egxile kubantu abangaxilonganga (abangafuni ukwelashwa) ngenkathi uReid et al. kuhlolwe imibandela yokuhlangana kwezifundo mayelana ne-hypersexual disorder (Kafka, 2010). Ocwaningweni lwethu lwakamuva (Gola, Lewczuk, & Skorko, 2016a), sihlole ukuthi ngabe inkolo ingaba nomthelela ohlukile kulaba bantu ababili ePoland. Sisebenzisa imodeli yokulinganisa ejwayelekile, sahlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwenani lokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, izixhumanisi zezempilo ezingezinhle zokusebenzisa izithombe zocansi, inkolo, kanye nesimo sokufuna ukwelashwa nge-CSB. Siqoqe imininingwane evela kwabesilisa besilisa be-132 abafuna ukwelashwa ngokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kobuchopho, bethunyelwa ngabezengqondo emitholampilo (kanye nenqubo yokuhlangana ye-HD), nabesilisa be-437 besebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njalo kodwa bengafuni nhlobo ukwelashwa. Sithole ukuthi inkolo yayihlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezingezinhle zokusebenzisa kabi izithombe zocansi kwabesilisa abangafuni ukwelashwa kodwa hhayi kwabesilisa abafuna ukwelashwa. Siphinde sabona ukuthi ngenkathi inani lokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile lingazange libikezele ngesibalo sokufuna ukwelashwa, ubukhulu bezimpawu ezimbi ezihlobene nokusebenzisa ucansi benza. Lokhu okutholakele kwaqashelwa naphezu kwamazinga afanayo enkolo phakathi kwabantu abafuna ukwelashwa kanye nabangafuni ukwelashwa (Gola et al., 2016a). Ngaphezu kwalokho, okutholakele kungahluka kwabesifazane, njengoba sisanda kubona ukuthi inkolo kanye nenani lezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zisebenzisa okuhlobene nokufuna ukwelashwa kwe-CSB phakathi kwabesifazane (Lewczuk, Szmyd, Skorko, & Gola, 2017). Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokufunda izihloko ze-CSB ngendlela yemininingwane eqondene nobulili nokucatshangelwa okuningana okufika kubantu abaningi aba-cos- kanye nobungqingili, ubungqingili, ubungqingili, polyamorous, namanye amaqembu.

Imiphi imininingwane edingekayo ukwazisa ukucwaswa kwe-CSB?

Njengoba kuchaziwe kwenye indawo (Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016a), likhona inani elandayo lokushicilelwa kwi-CSB, elifinyelela ngaphezulu kwe-11,400 ngo-2015. Noma kunjalo, imibuzo eyisisekelo mayelana nokuqanjwa kwe-CSB ihlala ingaphenduliwe (Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017). Kungaba kuhle ukucabangela ukuthi i-DSM ne- Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezifo Zomhlaba Wonke (ICD) isebenza maqondana nencazelo nezinqubo zokuhlukaniswa. Ngokwenza kanjalo, sicabanga ukuthi kufanelekile ukugxila ekuphazamiseni ukugembula (okwaziwa nangokuthi ukugembula kwe-pathological) nokuthi kwathathwa kanjani ku-DSM-IV ne-DSM-5 (kanye ne-ICD-10 kanye ne-ICD-11 ezayo). Ku-DSM-IV, ukugembula kwe-pathological kwahlukaniswa njenge- "Impulse-Control Disorder Not Not Another Classified." Ku-DSM-5, kwavuselelwa kabusha kwathiwa yi-"Disstance-Okuhlobene Nokwezigqila." Isizathu salokhu kufakwa kabusha kwasuselwa kwidatha ekhona isekela ukufana kuzizinda eziningi, kufaka phakathi i-phenomenological, clinical, genetic, neurobiological, therapeutic, kanye namasiko (uPetry, 2006; Potenza, 2006), kanye nomehluko kule sizinda maqondana namamodeli ancintisanayo njengokuhlukaniswa-kokuphoqelela-isibuko sokuhlukaniswa (i-Potenza, 2009). Indlela efanayo kufanele isetshenziswe ku-CSB, okumanje icatshangelwa ukufakwa njengesiphazamiso sokulawula umfutho ku-ICD-11 (Grant et al., 2014; Kraus et al., 2018). Noma kunjalo, kunemibuzo yokuthi ngabe i-CSB ifana kangakanani nokuphazamiseka umlutha kunolunye ukuphazamiseka okulawula umfutho (isifo sokuqhuma kwesinye isikhathi, i-kleptomania, ne-pyromania) okuhlongozwayo ku-ICD-11 (Potenza et al., 2017).

Phakathi kwezizinda ezingahle ziphakamise ukufana phakathi kwe-CSB kanye nokuphazamiseka kokulutha izidakamizwa, ukuhlolwa kwezinhlelo ezithile zamuva okwenziwe yiWalton et al. (2017). Izifundo zokuqala zazivame ukuhlola i-CSB maqondana namamodeli wokulutha (kubuyekezwe eGola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, I-2016b; IKraus, Voon, nePotenza, I-2016b). Imodeli evelele-imfundiso yokuzikhuthaza (iRobinson neBerridge, 1993) - ithi kubantu abanemilutha, izinkomba ezihlobene nezinto zokuhlukumeza zingathola izindinganiso ezinamandla zokukhuthaza futhi zivuse ukulangazelela. Ukuphendula okunjalo kungahle kuhambisane nokusebenza kwezindawo zobuchopho okubandakanyeka ekusetshenzisweni komvuzo, kufaka phakathi i-ventral striatum. Imisebenzi ehlola ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-cue kanye nokucubungulwa kwemivuzo kungashintshwa ukuze kuphenywe imininingwane ethile (isb., Imali eqhathaniswa nezocansi) kumaqembu athile (iSescousse, iBarbalat, iDomenech, neDreher, 2013), futhi sisanda kusebenzisa lo msebenzi ukutadisha isampula yomtholampilo (Gola et al., 2017). Sithole ukuthi abantu abafuna ukwelashwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziyinkimbinkimbi basebenzisa nokushaya indlwabu, uma kuqhathaniswa nokufaniswa (ngobudala, ubulili, inzuzo, inkolo, ukuxhumana kocansi kanye nabalingani, ukuvuswa kocansi) izifundo zokulawula okunempilo ivuza, kodwa hhayi emivuzo ehambisanayo hhayi ngemali yemali kanye nemivuzo. Le ndlela yokubuyisa ubuchopho ihambelana nethonya lokubangela ukugqugquzela futhi iphakamisa ukuthi isici esiyinhloko se-CSB singabandakanya ukucubungula noma ukulangazelela okubangelwa yiziqephu zokuqala ezingahambisani nezocansi nezenzo zocansi. Idatha eyengeziwe ibonisa ukuthi ezinye izikhampasi zobuchopho nezinqubo zingabandakanyeka ku-CSB, futhi lokhu kungafaka phakathi i-anterior cingulate, i-hippocampus ne-amygdala (Banca et al., 2016; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Voon et al., 2014). Phakathi kwalokhu, sicabange ukuthi isekethe le-amygdala elandisiwe elihlobene nokusebenza kabusha okuphezulu kwezinsongo nokukhathazeka lingahle lisebenze ikakhulukazi emtholampilo (iGola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015; IGola & Potenza, 2016) ngokusekelwe ekuqapheliseni ukuthi abanye abantu be-CSB abakhona abanamazinga aphezulu okukhathazeka (Gola et al., 2017) kanye nezimpawu ze-CSB zingancishiswa kanye nokuncipha kwemithi ekukhathazekeni (iGola & Potenza, 2016). Kodwa-ke, lezi zifundo okwamanje zibandakanya amasampula amancane futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka.

Isiphetho

Ngokufingqa, sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqinisekiswa kokuqina kwamamodeli we-CSB. Ukuvumelana kuyadingeka maqondana nencazelo yama-CSBs kanye ne-CSB disorder. Uma ukuphazamiseka kwe-CSB kufakiwe ku-ICD-11 njengoba kuhlongozwe njengamanje, lokhu kunganikeza isisekelo sokucwaninga okuhleliwe kuzizinda eziningi. Ukwenza kahle okwenziwe futhi kwenziwa izifundo zesayensi ye-longitudinal ye-CSB kanye namaqembu angewona ama-CSB, kufaka phakathi uphenyo oluvumela ukukalwa komsebenzi wobuchopho ngesikhathi sangempela sokwenza ucansi, kungakufundisa kakhulu. Sikholwa ukuthi leyo datha ingahle isetshenziselwe ukuvivinya futhi ihlaziye amamodeli akhona bese kuvumela isizukulwane samamodeli amasha wethiyori athuthukiswe ngendlela eqhutshwa idatha.

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