COMMENTS: Ua kākau mākou keia 'atikala e hōʻike i nā ʻano hana hiki ke hana ma hope o nā pono o ka rebooting. Ma lalo wau e kamaʻilio nei i nā kuhi hewa maʻamau e pili ana i ka testosterone, abstinence a me ka ejaculation. ʻO ka preponderance o ka noiʻi kanaka a me nā holoholona e kuhikuhi i ka abstinence a i ʻole ka ejaculation i loaʻa nā hopena lōʻihi lōʻihi lōʻihi ma nā pae testosterone koko - ʻē aʻe ma kahi o ka spike a puni ka lā 7 o ka abstinence. ʻLelo ʻia, ʻaʻohe noiʻi e nānā ana i nā hopena o ka hoʻowalewale porn i nā pae hormone. ʻAʻole kūpono ia e noʻonoʻo e hoʻololi ʻia nā homone e nā loli o ka lolo e pili ana i ka hoʻomana porn (ie i ka hypothalamus). Mālama wau i nā mea heluhelu (ʻoi aku r / nofap) ʻaʻole e hoʻopili i nā hopena o ka ejaculation me nā hopena o ka hoʻoweliweli porn nui.
1) E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ka preponderance o nā holoholona a me nā noiʻi kanaka e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole i ʻaʻa ʻia ka abstinence a i ʻole "ejaculation nui" i nā pae testosterone koko. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi hōʻike e kūpuna i ka maka o ka moekolohe hoʻonāukiuki i nā lolo he nui - me a hoʻoliʻiliʻi ma nā androgen receptor. a hoʻonuiʻia nā hāʻina o ka estrogen a dopamine-hoʻopaʻaʻia opioids ma nāʻaoʻao lolo. Hoʻoponopono piha e pili ana i nā lā 15 a he kaʻawale loa ia mai nā loli o ka lolo. Ma lalo aʻe nei.
2)ʻAʻohe maʻauna likeʻole ma waena o ka moe kolohe, a me ka palekana, a me ka helu plasma testosterone -ʻoiai he Hoʻokahi lā (46% ma luna o ka palena manawa) ma hope o ʻehiku mau lā o ka hōʻole ʻana. Laulā nā fluctuations i nā pae testosterone kāne (10-40%) maʻamau.
3) ʻAʻohe mea hōʻike no ka hōʻole ʻana i ka pae testosterone. ʻElua wale nō mau ana i ana i nā pae T i ka manawa o kahi abstinence lōʻihi (16 & 21 mau lā), a ʻaʻole loaʻa nā hoʻololi ʻelua.
- ʻO ka "kaulana" ʻImiʻia ka'ōlelo Hawaiʻi ana i nā kūmole testosterone i nā lā a pau no nā lā 16, a ua loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka lā 7, i ka wā i loaʻa ai ke kiko. Ma hope o hoʻokahi lā iʻikeʻia aiʻo Testosterone i hoʻi i ke kumu lālā a iʻole iho paha i lalo mai ka lā 8 a hiki i ka lā 16 i ka pauʻana o ka hoʻokolohua.
- Ke aʻoʻia ma #4
4)ʻO kēia Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo - ʻO ka hopena endocrine i ka hopena i hoʻokomo i ka hopena i loko o nā kānaka olakino ma hope o ka halaʻole o ka 3-week sex abstinence, kahi i kū ʻole ai nā kumuhana no 3 mau pule, ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia he hōʻike e alakaʻi ana ka abstinence i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka testosterone. ʻAʻole ia. ʻO kēia huaʻōlelo mai ke kahakaha huaʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻopunipuni ʻia:ʻoiaiʻaʻole i kākauʻia ka testosterone plasma e ka orgasm, uaʻikeʻia nā haʻina testosterone kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka manawa o ka palekana". I ka piha piha, like nā lōʻihi testosterone i nā huiʻelua. Nānā i ka pakuhi testosterone C on palapala 379. ʻO nā kūlana o ka testosterone i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka pīkini (hōʻike 10-minute) heʻano like ia ma nā huiʻelua. Ka hopena o ka moʻolelo. ʻO ka'ōlelo kānalua i loko o ke kūpikipiki e pili ana i nāʻano likeʻole testosterone ma ka hoʻopiliʻana. ʻOiai e nānā ana i nā kiʻi paʻi a me ka hoʻoponoponoʻana, nā T-matū ua emi no ka wā o ka masturbation pre-abstinence. Ma hope o 21 mau lā o ka ʻauʻa, noho kokoke nā pae T i ka laina laina 10 mau minuke i ka wā o ka masturbation. ʻO ka ʻōlelo - “uaʻikeʻia nā kuhi kiʻekiʻe o ka testosterone ma hope o ka manawa o ka palaka"- ke kumu o ka hāʻule ʻole o nā pae testosterone i ka manawa o ka stimulus: masturbation & porn. Kuhi nā mea kākau i ka nānā ʻana i kahi porn (i hoʻonui ʻia paha e ke kakali o ka hoʻopau hope ʻana) i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka testosterone i loko o ka nānā ʻana.
5) Nā kūpeʻe'aene ʻike mau i ka ejaculation i "ka luhi wahine" ʻaʻohe hopena i nā pae testosterone. Hahai kēia mau haʻawina i nā holoholona a 15 mau lā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike lākou i nā loli he nui i loko o ka ʻōnaehana limbic, e like me ka emi ʻana o nā receptor androgen, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā estrogen reseptor & opioids (ka mea e ālai i ka dopamine), a me nā hoʻololi i ka hōʻike o ka ʻāpana.
6) Ke lōʻihi ke aʻoʻiaʻana i nā hua'ōlelo ʻaʻole i hōʻikeʻia ka pilina kūpono ma waena o ka hoʻoikaika a me nā koko testosterone.
7) He nui nā'ōlelo i hōʻikeʻia i nā kūmole testosterone i nā kāne a me nā kāne ola maʻi ED (1, 2, 3, 4). Mai kēia mau haʻawina wale nō e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻoholo i ka 1) hikiʻole i ka testostero haʻahaʻa ke kumuʻole o ED, 2) ke alapine o ka ejaculation i ka hopena o nā kū T.
8)ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, nā mea kākau o kēia mau aʻo EDʻelua (study1, study2) e manaʻo e hiki i ka hōʻole ke alakaʻi i nā haʻawina testosterone haʻahaʻa. Ua loaʻa i kahi haʻawina 2014 ED ka testosterone / DHT kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ke kaʻina penile implant i alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka moekolohe.
9) Nui nā kāne me ka hana erectile i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka porn i ʻike i nā kauka. Ua hōʻike āpau i nā pae testosterone maʻamau.
10) Hōʻike ka nui o nā noiʻi kanaka a me nā holoholona i ka hopena ʻole o ka testosterone haʻahaʻa i nā kūkulu i loaʻa ʻia ma o ka stimulate. E ʻike i kēia kūkā a kekahi polopeka o ka endocrinology hānau - ʻO ka Hypogonadal nā kāne a me nā kūkulu a ʻO Testosterone a me Erectile Lono
11)ʻO kēia ke aʻo hoʻokahi mai 1976 hōʻike i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana moekolohe e hoʻopili ana me nā testosterone kiʻekiʻe - no kekahi mau kumuhana, ʻaʻole naʻe nā mea āpau. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ke aʻo ʻana ua pili nā pae kiʻekiʻe ʻo testosterone i nā wā o ka hana moekolohe. Kue contradictory. E kau i kēia noi i ka pōʻaiapili: ʻAʻole i hana kope ʻia a loaʻa i nā loli ʻole i kaohi ʻole ʻia. ʻO nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a me nā kānaka āpau e nānā ana i ka testosterone a me ke alapine kiʻekiʻe ejaculation, abstinence, nā pae like ʻole o ka hana moekolohe, a me nā hana erectile e hōʻole i kāna mau hopena.
12) Hōʻike ka mea hōʻike i nā kaʻina hana hoʻomalu a iʻole ka hana pilinaʻana e like me ke kumu kumu o ED, i ka hopena o ka libido, a iʻole ka inoa e kapaʻiaʻo ka "ʻeleʻele wahine".
13) Ua hoʻāʻo kekahi mau kāne me ED i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka porn e hoʻāʻo i ka testosterone supplementation, me ka kūleʻa ʻole. I ka wā i hoʻouka hou ai kēia mau kāne like, ua hoʻōla ʻia kā lākou ED.
14) Ma ke ala,ʻo ka nui o nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka hōʻikeʻana o ka porn he mea liʻiliʻiʻole iʻole ka hopena testosterone. O kahi laʻana, ʻO nā hopena endocrine o nā hananaʻike o nā'ōlohelohe i nā kānaka maʻamau. (akāʻo kekahi poʻe)
15) Ma muli o ka dopamine lālā kaʻina hana moe makemake, ways, a ke kūkuluʻiaʻana. I ka pōkole,ʻo nā hoʻonui hou ʻike nā kānaka i ka libido a me ka hilinaʻi make lākou hiki mai paha mai nā loli i ko lākou lolo,ʻaʻole i ko lākou mau testosterone.
ʻIke nā kāne i nā pono he nui ke wehe ʻia lākou mai ka porn a me ka masturbation koʻikoʻi. Kūlohelohe ia e noʻonoʻo i nā loli maikaʻi e like me ka hilinaʻi nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka naʻau, ʻoi aku ka hopohopo, a me ka hoʻoulu nui e pono e pili i nā pae testosterone koko. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kākoʻo kahi noiʻi kanaka a holoholona paha i ke kuhiakau o testosterone. ʻOiai ua hōʻike iki kekahi mau kāne i ka abstinence e pili ana me T kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kāne i hoʻāʻo ʻia (ma mua & i ka manawa) hōʻike i kahi loli nui. Ma muli o ka nui o nā kumu (hoʻoluhi, hoʻoikaika kino, papaʻai) hiki ke hoʻopili i nā pae T a me nā hopena lab, pono mākou e akahele me kahi anecream i kekahi manawa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka loli ʻana o ka lolo ke pili me ka hoʻoweliweli porn ke hoʻopili i nā homone ma o ka hypothalamus. Eia kekahi laʻana: hoʻololi i ka ʻōnaehana autonomic a me ka axis HPA (CRF, cortisol, norepinephrine), me nā helu o nā hormones steroid i loaʻa mai nā gonad a i ʻole nā adrenal glands. ʻO ka noiʻi lōʻihi e pili ana i nā mea porn a me nā mea addict "rebooted" e kōkua i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano hana ma hope nā pōmaikaʻi kino e like me ka leo hohonu, ka maikaʻi o ka pane i ka hana, ka uluʻana o ka lauoho, kaʻiliʻoi aku o kaʻili, a pēlā aku.
No ka ʻepekema ma hope o nā keu pono e ʻike ai ka poʻe - ʻO Porn, Masturbation a me Mojo: ʻO kahi Neuroscience Perspective - Hoʻohana pinepine nā mea hoʻohana Ex-porn i kā lākou mojo. No ke aha mai?
KE KULA
KA LĀ LĀNA I NĀ KĀNĀWAI. MAKAHI A ME KA'OKAHI PAUKAHI PAUKAHI:
Hana ka hana maʻamau i ka hoʻololi o ka LH bioavailability.
Ka Int J Komo Kū. 2002 Apr; 14 (2): 93-9; Kōkua 100.
ʻO Carosa E, Benvenga S, Trimarchi F, Lenzi A, Pepe M, Simonelli C, Jannini EA.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Hoʻokumu pinepineʻia nei mākou i nā kūmole testosterone (T) i ka mau maʻi me ka hoʻowalewale erectile (ED). No ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i keʻano o kēia hypotetosteronemia, ka mea kūʻokoʻa i ka maiology o ED, a me kona hoʻololiʻana i nā maʻi wale nō i hoʻohoihoiʻia ai nāʻano nonhormonal āpau e pili ana i ka moekolohe, ua ana mākou i ka hormone luteinizing (LH) i loko o ka hui hoʻokahi o nā maʻi o ED ( n = 83; 70% organic, 30% nonorganic). Ua heluʻia nā LH (I-LH) hanaʻole a me ka LH (B-LH) kūpaʻa i ke komoʻana a me nā mahina 3 ma hope o ke kaohi. Ma muli o ka hopena (ʻo ia hoʻi ka helu o ka ho'āʻo maikaʻi o ka pilina ma ka malama), ua hoʻonohonohoʻia nā maʻi e like me nā mea pane piha (ʻo ia nō, iʻewalu mau ho'āʻo; n = 51), nā pane'ekeʻe (ma kahi o hoʻokahi ho'āʻo; n = 20) a me nā mea paneʻole (n = 16). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 30 mau kāne olakino me ka ʻole ED, laina B-LH (mean +/- sd) i nā maʻi he 83 i hoʻēmi ʻia (13.6 +/- 5.5 vs 31.7 +/- 6.9 IU / L, P <0.001), i ke alo o ua hoʻonui iki ʻia, akā i ka pae maʻamau, I-LH (5.3 +/- 1.8 vs 3.4 +/- 0.9 IU / L, P <0.001); no laila, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka lakio B / I LH (3.6 +/- 3.9 vs 9.7 +/- 3.3, P <0.001).
E like me ko mākou nānā muaʻana no ka maʻamau T,ʻaʻole iʻokoʻa loa nā'ōlā hopenaʻekolu no kekahi o kēia mau palenaʻekolu ma ka laina. Eia naʻe,ʻokoʻa nā hui i ka hopena o ke kāohi. Ua piʻi nuiʻia ka uluʻana o ka LH i nā mea pane piha (pre-therapy=13.7+/-5.3, post-therapy=22.6+/-5.4, P<0.001), kūpono i ka poʻe pane (14.8 +/- 6.9 vs 17.2 +/- 7.0, P <0.05) akā, noho mau i ka poʻe paneʻole (11.2 +/- 2.2 vs 12.2 +/- 5.1). Ua hele nā hoʻololi kūlike i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe no I-LH (5.2 +/- 1.7 vs 2.6 +/- 5.4, P <0.001; 5.4 +/- 2.2 vs 4.0 +/- 1.7, P <0.05; 5.6 +/- 1.2 vs 5.0 +/- 1.2, pakahi), a ma ke ala like me B-LH no ka lakio B / I (3.7 +/- 4.1 vs 11.8 +/- 7.8, P <0.001; 4.2 +/- 4.3 vs 5.8+ /-4.2, P <0.05; 2.1 +/- 0.7 vs 2.6 +/- 1.3, pakahi).
Ke manaʻo nei mākouʻo ka hypotetosteronemia o nā maʻi maʻi o ED no muli o ka hanaʻino o LH. ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o ka bioactivity he hiki ke hoʻololiʻia, akā inā loaʻa ka hopena o ka moekolohe ma muli o keʻano o ka hoʻokele kino. Ma muli o ka hoʻomaluʻiaʻana o ka hanu honua o ka hormones pituitary e ka hypothalamus, pono ka hypoactivity LH ma muli o kaʻino o ka hana hypothalamic e pili ana i nā haunaele o ke kino e kūponoʻole i ka hanaʻole i ka moekolohe..
COMMENTS: Aia nā mea kākau e hoʻoikaika i ka LH me ka testosterone i nā kāne i mālamaʻia no ED. ʻAʻole kekahi o nā kāne i hanaʻia me nā homoni, aʻaʻole ka kumu testosterone i kumu o kā lākou ED. Inā pono i nā kāne olakino, hōʻike kēia i ka hikiʻole i ka wahine / ka hana ke pale i ka emiʻana o nā kūmole testosterone.
ʻO ka hemahema o ka moe kolohe mai ka hanaʻole o ka erectile e pili ana me ka hoʻouka hoʻololi i ka testosterone serum.
Int J Androl. 1999 Dec;22(6):385-92.
Jannini EA, ʻO Screponi E, ʻO Carosa E, Pepe M, Lo Giudice F, Trimarchi F, Benvenga S.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
ʻO ka hana o nā hormones henrogenic i loko o ka pilina kanaka, ma keʻano o ke kūkuluʻiaʻana a me ka pathogenesis o ka nawaliwali. ʻOiai ka hoʻohanaʻiaʻana o ka testosterone i loko o ka hōʻailona o ke kāne maleʻole, ponoʻole ka hypogonadism i kumu o ka maʻiʻole. Hoʻopākino mākou i nā kūlana testosterone i nā kānaka me ka maʻiʻeleʻele kahiko e loaʻa mai ana mai nā mea lapaʻau aiʻole nā mea non-organic i mua a ma hope o ka nonotone therapy. He kanawalukūmākolu mau hihia hopeʻole (70% organic, 30% non-organic, ka maʻi o nā mea iʻoi aku keʻano pinepine) ma lalo o ka nānāʻana i ka hormonal i mua a ma hope o nāʻano likeʻole o ke kino, ka maʻi (E1, yohimbine prostaglandin) ka pale penile, me ka'enemo).
Tnā makahiki he kanakolu - ua pili i nā kānaka olakino i lawelaweʻia ma keʻano he papa alakaʻi. Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā mana,ʻo nā maʻi me ka maʻiʻole ma muli o nā meaʻeleʻele a me nā kumuhanaʻole i hōʻikeʻia i nāʻano o ke koʻikoʻi haʻahaʻa o ka testosterone a pau (11.1 +/- 2.4 vs. 17.7 +/- 5.5 nmol / L) a me ka testosterone manuahi (56.2 +/- 22.9 vs. 79.4 +/- 27.0 pmol / L) (ʻelua p <0.001). Me ka nānāʻole i nāʻano aiohoona likeʻole a me nāʻano maʻi o nā maʻi likeʻole, kahi piʻi nui ma ka nui o nā moʻo a me nā kūmole testosterone free (15.6 +/- 4.2 nmol / L a me 73.8 +/- 22.5 pmol / L, i kēlā me kēia) ua mālamaʻia i nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka 3 mau hana maʻamau maʻamau ma hope o ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka lāʻau (p <0.001).
Akā,ʻo nā kumu testosteroneʻole ka mea i hoʻololiʻoleʻia i nā maʻi i hikiʻole ai ke ho'ālaʻia. Ma muli o keʻano mua o ka pre -rapy ka haʻawina testosterone mai ke aetiology o ka maʻiʻole, ke manaʻo nei mākou he hōʻailona kēia homoni e pili ana i ka nalowaleʻana o ka moekolohe, e like me ka hōʻikeʻana i ka hoʻomauʻana i ka hana maʻamau ma hope o nāʻano likeʻole. ʻO ka loiloiʻiaʻo ia ka hana maʻamau i ka uluʻana o nā haʻawina testosterone.
COMMENTS: Aia nā mea kākau e hōʻikeʻole i ka hemahema o ka moe kolohe i ka haʻahaʻa testosterone. Ma ka haʻawina i'ōleloʻia ma luna nei, manaʻo lākou he pili kēia i ka pilikia o ED, a iʻole paha ma muli o ka hoʻomau houʻana i ka hana maʻamau. ʻO ka paʻakikī e hoʻopukaʻana e like me nā mea a pau i loaʻa iā ED, a loaʻa i nā testosterone haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka hopena o ka hana moekolohe ma ka pae serum hormone ma hope o ka penile prosthesis implantation.
Hoʻonaninia Ital Urol Androl. 2014 Sep 30; 86 (3): 193-6. hana: 10.4081 / aiua.2014.3.193.
NĀ HANA HANA:
ʻO ke kūkuluʻiaʻana o Penile pēpē ka mea koho hope loa no nā maʻi i loaʻaʻole ka hanaʻeleʻele. Hoʻomaopopo ka hapanui o nā maʻi i kā lākou penile pilikino me ka maikaʻi a pinepine no ka pilina pilina-vaina. Ua hōʻike nā papahana mua i ka emiʻana o ka moekolohe i ka hopena i ka emiʻana o ka maʻi testosterone a me ka hewa. ʻO ke kumu o kēia aʻoʻana,ʻo ia ka nānāʻana i ka hopena o ka hana maʻamau ma keʻano o ka hormone ma muli o ka hoʻohanaʻana i penikala penile.
NĀ MANAʻO A ME NĀ MANAʻO:
Ma kēia hoʻokolohua, ua nakinaki mākou i nā maʻi he kanaono me kumamāiwa no kā lākou hoʻololi i nā homone pili i ka hana penihana 2.7 ± 1.5 makahiki i hala.
Nā hopena:
Hoʻomaʻo ka poʻe maʻi i kā lākou penile pilikino no ka moekolohe me a ke kumu o ka 9.9 ± 5.7 manawa i kēlā me kēia mahina. Hoʻonui nuiʻia ka Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate i ka hoʻohālikeʻana i nā hopena o ke kauʻana (5.3 ± 2.6 vs 4.5 ± 2.9; p = 0.031). ʻO ke kaukamau ka nui o ka helu testosterone o nā maʻi ma mua a ma hope o ka hoʻohanaʻana i penile penehana 15.78 ± 4.8 nmol / L a me 16.5 ± 6.1 nmol / L. ʻO ka nui o ka maʻi luteinizing ka nui o nā mea maʻamau o ka poʻe ma mua a ma hope o ka hoʻohanaʻana i penile penehana 3.98 ± 2.16 IU / L a me 5.47 ± 4.76 IU / L. ʻAʻohe heluʻikepili iʻikeʻia ma ka mean total a me nā testosterone free, estradiol a me ka helu limeinizing i nā hormone ma waena o ka lā mua a me ka hoʻopauʻana.
Ka Hopena:
Ua hōʻikeʻia kēia mau hopena ma muli o ka hoʻololiʻana i ka wahine pili i ka homamelika ma muli o ka hana'eleptile.
Comments:ʻO kekahi hana hou e hōʻike ana i ka testosterone kiʻekiʻe a me ka DHT i ka manawa e piʻi ai ka hoʻonā wahine a hoʻihoʻiʻia paha.
Nā hopena lōʻihi o ka haʻalele ʻana a me nā ʻano ejaculation like ʻole:
[Hoʻololi manawa i nā pae testosterone serum ma hope o ka ejaculation i nā kāne]
LILO I KA ABSTRACT: 2002 Dec 25;54(6):535-8.
ʻO ke kumu o kēia haʻawina ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā loli i ka pae o ka hormone sex i nā kāne ma hope o ka ejaculation. Ua noiʻi ʻia ka nui o ka testosterone serum o 28 mau kāne manawaleʻa i kēlā me kēia lā i ka wā abstinence ma hope o ka ejaculation. Ua ʻike mākou he liʻiliʻi ka loli o nā pae testosterone mai ka lā 2 a hiki i ka lā 5 o ka abstinence. I ka lā 7 o ka haʻalele ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka serum testosterone, hiki i ka 145.7% o ka pae (P<0.01). Ma hope o ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka loli mau. ʻO ka Ejaculation ke kumu a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hanana manawa 7 lā. Inā ʻaʻohe ejaculation, ʻaʻohe loli manawa i ka pae testosterone serum. Hōʻike kēia mau hopena ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pae testosterone serum ma muli o ka ejaculation.
PĀHAI: Ua ana kēia haʻawina i ka pae T i kēlā me kēia lā, no ka manawa paʻa, a ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa i loaʻa i nā mea noiʻi ma mua a ma hope paha o ka spike hoʻokahi lā. Hōʻike kēia kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi lā i kahi pōʻai i hoʻomaka ʻia e ka orgasm. ʻAʻole piʻi mālie nā pae Testosterone ma luna o 7 mau lā a hiki i ka 146% o ka baseline. ʻAʻole hoʻi e emi mālie nā pae. Hoʻokahi lā spike—i luna a i hope i lalo. I nā ana ʻē aʻe o kēlā me kēia lā, mau ka pae testosterone i loko o nā pae maʻamau. Hoʻomalu ʻia nā pae testosterone plasma e nā hōʻailona hormonal mai ka hypothalamus. He mea maʻamau ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hormones a i ʻole nā hanana physiological. ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike i ke koʻikoʻi o kēia kaila plasma-testosterone i hoʻomaka ʻia e ka ejaculation.
Notes: ʻO kēia noiʻi kekahi o nā mea i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻaha kūkā kahi e kūkākūkā ai nā kāne i ke kino, hoʻoikaika kino,
ka wahine, ke olakino a me nā mea like. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomanaʻo i nā mea he nui e pili ana i ka loli ʻana o ka testosterone i kēlā me kēia lā, me ke ʻano o ka hana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wahine, ke kūlana pili kanaka, ke ʻano, nā pheromones, ke kaumaha, nā manaʻo, ke kau, etc.
memo lua: Ua ʻike ʻia kēia noiʻi like no kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he ka lua mea puke pai i kapa ʻia, “ʻO kahi noiʻi e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka ejaculation a me ke kahe testosterone i nā kāne," akā ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai ka Loulou Springer puke pai i hōʻike ʻia no ka mea he kope ia o ka noiʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma luna. ʻAʻole i wehe ʻia ma muli o kahi pilikia me ka haʻawina kumu! Huikau.
ka wahine, ke olakino a me nā mea like. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomanaʻo i nā mea he nui e pili ana i ka loli ʻana o ka testosterone i kēlā me kēia lā, me ke ʻano o ka hana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wahine, ke kūlana pili kanaka, ke ʻano, nā pheromones, ke kaumaha, nā manaʻo, ke kau, etc.ʻO ke ahōmikiki a me ka helu plasma testosterone i nā kāne kāne maʻamau
March 1976, Volume 5, Palapala 2, pp ppn XUMUM-125
Ua komo nā kāne he iwakālua ma kahi hoʻokolohua 2-malama e nānā ana i ka pilina ma waena o nā kūlana plasma testosterone plasma a me ka pinepine a iʻole e likeʻole. I loko o nā kumuhana,ʻo nā mea kiʻekiʻe o ka testosterone e pili ana i nā wā o ka moekolohe. Ma luna o nā kula, akā, ua hoʻohuliʻia ke kuhikuhi o ka pilina. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka piʻi o nā testosterone no nā mea pāʻaniʻole i ke kolohe.
PĀHĀ:ʻO ka nui o nā kūmole testosterone iʻoi aku ka nui ma lalo o ka poʻe kāne kolohe. Akāʻo ka hana maʻamau i hoʻonui i nā kūmole testosterone i kēlā me kēia kanaka-ma ke awelika. ʻO kēia ke aʻo hoʻokahi mai 1976 hōʻike i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka moekolohe me ka testosterone kiʻekiʻe - no kekahi mau kumuhana, ʻaʻole naʻe nā mea āpau. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ke aʻo ʻana ua pili nā pae kiʻekiʻe o testosterone me nā wā o ka moekolohe. Kue contradictory. E kau i kēia noi i ka pōʻaiapili: ʻAʻole i hana kope ʻia a loaʻa i nā loli ʻole i kaohi ʻole ʻia. ʻO nā holoholona āpau āpau a me nā kānaka e nānā ana i ka testosterone a me 1) pinepine ejaculation kiʻekiʻe, 2) abstinence, 3) nā pae like ʻole o ka hana moekolohe, a me 4) ka hana erectile, hōʻike liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe pilina ma waena o ka ejaculation / abstinence a me testosterone pae.
ʻO ka hopena Endocrine i ka hopena i hoʻokomoʻia i ka hoʻohemo i nā kānaka olakino ma muli o ka halaʻana o ka 3-week sex abstinence.
Exton MS, Krüger TH, Haakana N, Haake P, Knapp W, Schedlowski M, Hartmann U.
World J Urol. 2001 Nov; 19 (5): 377-82
Ua noʻonoʻoʻia kēia noi i ka hopena o ka manawa o ka 3-week o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wahine ma ka'ōlelo neuroendocrine i ka hopena i hoʻokomoʻia e ka masturbation. Ua nānāʻia nāʻokoʻa Hormonal a me nā maʻi cardiovascular i loko o nā kāne olakino maikaʻi i ka manawa o ka hoʻonāʻana i ka wahine a me ka hopena hoʻokomo. Hoʻopiʻiʻia ke koko a hoʻomau mauʻia nā kiʻikuhi cardiovascular. Ua mālamaʻia kēia hana no kēlā me kēia haumāna iʻelua manawa, ma mua a ma hope o ka hala o ka 3-week o ka moe kolohe. A laila ua hoʻoponoponoʻia ka papalama no nā hoʻoikaika o adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, prolactin, hormone luteinizing a me nā haipule testosterone. Hoʻopiʻi ka orgasm i ke koko, ka nui o ka naʻau, nā plasma catecholamines a me ka prolactin. Ua mālamaʻia kēia mau hopena i mua a ma hope o ka moe kolohe. I ka hoʻohālikeʻana,ʻoiai ua hōʻikeʻoleʻia ka testosterone plasma e ka orgasm, uaʻikeʻia nā haʻina testosterone kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma hope o ka manawa o ka palaka. Hōʻike kēia mauʻikepili i ka hoʻololiʻoleʻana i ka pane o ke neuroendocrine i ka orgasm akā e hoʻonui i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka testosterone i nā kāne.
PAPA: Ka hua'ōlelo o Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo he hopena. ʻO piha piha ke kū'ē loa i nā mea aʻu i wiwoʻole ai. E nānā i #4 ma luna
NĀ HANA KUMU AKU NO KA HOʻOLOʻIA MA KA MANAʻO
ʻO Neuroendocrine a me ka pane o ke kāpili i ka huhū wahine a me ka orgasm i loko o nā kāne.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998 May;23(4):401-11
ʻO kaʻikepili e pili ana i keʻano o ka pane no ke neuroendocrine i ke kolohe a me ka orgasm ma ke kanaka, he likeʻole. Ma kēia hoʻonaʻauaoʻana, ua mālama mauʻia heʻumi mau mea kōkua lima kūpono no kā lākou noiʻana i ka maʻi āpau a me ka neuroendocrine i ka huhū a me ka hoʻokalakupua. Hoʻomoeʻia mauʻia ke koko ma mua, i ka wā a ma hope paha o ka hoʻohemoʻia o ka plasma o adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, hormone luteinizing (LH), hormone stimulant (FSH), prolactin, hormone growth (GH), beta-endorphin testosterone. Hoʻokomoʻia ka hopena o ka puʻuwai ma ka puʻuwai o ka puʻuwai, ka nui o ka toto, a me nā kiʻekiʻe o ka plasma noradrenaline. Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka nui o nā plasma o ka plasma i ka wā o kogasm a ua hoʻomauʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka 30 min ma hope o kaʻaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻohālikeʻana,ʻaʻole i loaʻa kekahi o nā meaʻokoʻa'ē aʻe i ka hopena i ka hopena a me ka hoʻoholo pū.
PĀHĀ:ʻO nā haʻawina testosterone wā pokole i pāʻoleʻia e ka orgasm-kahi e kū'ē i ka aʻoʻana.
Nā hopena hopena o ka masturbation i nā kāne
Ka Nupepa o Endocrinology, Vol 70, Nānā 3, 439-444 1976 na ka Society for Endocrinology
ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe o ka mikopōneka, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), oestrone, oestradiol, cortisol a me ka hormone luteinizing (LH) i anaʻia i ka plasma o ke anaina o kahi'ōpiopio,ʻo ia paha nā kānaka ola ma mua a ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻuʻana. Ua hoʻoholo pūʻia nā steroid pūnaewele i loko o kahi hoʻonaʻauaoʻana, kahi i hoʻoikaikaʻia ai ka manaʻo o ka masturbation, akāʻaʻole i hoʻokōʻia ka hana kino. Ua piʻi nuiʻia nāʻano plasma o nā steroid a pau ma hope o ka masturbation, akā naʻe,ʻaʻole i hoʻokūpaʻaʻia nā steroid i loko o ke aʻoʻana. ʻO nā loli i kākoʻo nuiʻia ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻiaʻana iʻikeʻia i loko o ka nui o nā makahiki a me DHA. ʻAʻole iʻikeʻia kekahi hoʻololiʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe plasma o LH. ʻO nā lā ma mua a ma hope hoʻi o nā kūmomo plasma masturbation o testosterone i hoʻohālikelike loaʻia i nā mea o DHT a me oestradiol, akā,ʻaʻole i ka poʻe o nā poʻe steroid. I kekahiʻaoʻao, ua hoʻohālikelike nuiʻia nāʻano cortisol i nā mea o ka maʻamau, DHA, androstenedione a me ka oestrone. I loko o nā kumuhana likeʻole, nā kiʻekiʻe o ka minuke, DHA, androstenedione, testosterone a me DHT, androstenedione a me oestrone. I loko o nā kumuhana like, nā kiʻekiʻe o ka nehuʻana, DHA, androstenedione, ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia ka testosterone a me DHT ma nā pāpū seminal; ua hoʻopili loaʻia lākou a pau i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka mea hikapika maʻamau i loko o ke koko pūnaewele i hoʻokuʻuʻia ma mua a ma hope o ka hoʻopauʻana. Ma muli o ka hopena o ka hopena, hōʻikeʻia nā hopena i ka manawa e nānāʻia ai nā kokoʻelua a me nā semen, pono mua ka hōʻailona koko i mua o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i nā hui.
PĀHĀ:ʻO nā haʻawina testosterone wā pokole i hoʻokiʻekiʻeʻia e ka orgasm, akā ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kumu steroid. Akā naʻe, ua hōʻoleʻia kēia hopena e nāʻike'ē aʻe.
Ka pilina o ka testosterone maʻi i ka hana moekolohe i nā kānakaʻelemakule maikaʻi.
ʻO J Gerontol. 1982 May;37(3):288-93.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Aia kekahi mau hōʻike no ke emiʻana ma ka moekino a me ka testosterone i ke kaumāne, akā,ʻaʻole i kahi hui palekana ma waena o nā mau heluʻelua. I loko o nā mea kūikawā maikaʻi i ka Baltimore Longitudinal Study on'Oging, me kaʻoiaʻiʻoʻaʻole i emi iho ka moʻo testosterone me kaʻelemakule, ua emi iho ka hana maʻamau i kahiʻano kūʻokoʻa. I nā kāne ma luna o 60 makahiki,ʻo ka poʻe iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka moe kolohe (no ka makahiki) ua nui loa ka nui o nā testosterone maʻamau.. ʻOiai uaʻike mākou i ka pilina kūpono ma waena o nā testosterone a me ka hapa o ka momona o ke kino,ʻaʻohe pilina ma waena o ka hapa o ka momona kino a me ka hana kino. ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā mākou ka hoʻohuiʻana ma waena o ka testosterone a iʻole ka hana maʻamau a me ka puhi a me nā maʻi kokalāʻau. Nā mea e inu ana ma mua o 4 oz. o ka ethanol i kēlā lā i kēia lā i ka emiʻana o ka hoʻouluʻana i ka moe kolohe akāʻaʻole ka hoʻonāʻana i ka testosterone. Hōʻike kaʻikepili o mākou,ʻoiai ke kūʻana i ka testosterone level a me ka waihona ethanol e pā ana i ka hana maʻamau i nā kāneʻelemakule a hiki i kekahi kekelē,ʻo ka makahiki keʻikeʻia heʻano nui loa ka loli.
COMMENTS: nā kānaka ma luna o 60 makahiki,ʻo ka poʻe iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka moe kolohe (no ka makahiki) ua nui loa ka nui o ka testosterone serum. ʻAʻole kākoʻo kēia i ka meme a ka ejaculation e hoʻohana ai i ka testosterone
MĀHUA I NĀ HOPE I NĀ HOPE I NĀ MANUʻA I KA MĀMĀMĀ HĀLĀHĀ HOU ED
Pōʻokoʻa testosterone pāʻani o ka poʻe hana moe kolohe a me nā kānaka kīnāʻole.
Schwartz MF, Kolodny RC, Mākau MA. Hoʻopili i ka wahine Behav. 1980 Oct; 9 (5): 355-66
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā pae testosterone Plasma i kahi hui o 341 mau kāne me ka pono o ka moekolohe me nā kāne ma 199 kāne me ka hana maʻamau maʻamau. Ua komo nā kumuhana āpau i kahi papahana ʻoi loa o 2 mau wiki ma ka Masters & Johnson Institute. Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻoholo testosterone e hoʻohana ana i nā hana radioimmunoassay ma hope o ka chromatography kolamu; ua loaʻa nā laʻana koko āpau i ka lā lua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma waena o 8:00 a me 9:00 o ke kakahiaka ma hope o ka wikiwiki o ka pō. ʻO ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā pae o ka testosterone i loko o nā kāne me ka hana maʻamau (maʻamau 635 ng / dl)ʻaʻole iʻokoʻa loa i nā loina testosterone i nā kāne maleʻole (mean 629 ng / dl). Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā kāne me ka impotence mua (N = 13) ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka testosterone ma mua o nā kāne me ka maʻi lua (N = 180), me nā pae kiʻekiʻe o 710 a me 574 ng / dl, p (0.001). ʻO ka pae testosterone maʻamau no nā kāne me ka hiki ʻole o ka ejaculatory ka 660 ng / dl (N = 15), ʻoiai no nā kāne me ka ejaculation ma mua o ka 622 ng / dl (N = 91). ʻAʻole pili nā pilina testosterone Plasma i ka hopena o ka therapy akā ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole ʻia me nā makahiki o nā maʻi.
COMMENTS: E like me ia i'ōlelo ai -ʻaʻole nui keʻano i nā kūmole testosterone i waena o nā mea maʻi a me nā mea maʻamau. ʻO ka hopenaʻana,ʻo ka nui o nā mea maʻiʻole he lāʻau hoʻokalakupua. ʻO ka hopena hou aku,ʻo ka nui o nā testosteroneʻaʻole he mea nui i ka hana ma hope o kaʻoihana e pili ana i ka hana-e like me ka hana post-ejaculatory-no ka meaʻaʻole nā lālā o ka wā e hana ai i nā ejaculators a me nā non-ejaculators.
Aia kekahi pilina ma waena o nā hormones o ka wahine a me ka luʻu o ka honua? Nā hualoaʻa mai ka Study Massage Massachusetts.
J Urol. 2006 Dec; 176 (6 Pt 1): 2584-8.
Hoʻonui ka piʻiʻana o ka paila o ka erectile i keʻano o nā makahiki. I ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻololiʻia nā makahiki e pili ana i ka hana male endocrine. Nānā mākou i ka pilina ma waena o ka hanaʻeleʻele a me ka testosterone ponoʻole, testosterone bioavailable, sex hormone-binding globulin and luteinizing hormone.
Ua loaʻa nāʻikepili mai ka Study Massage Massachusetts Male, kahi o ka hui kaiaulu o nā kānaka 1,709. Ua hōʻikeʻia ka hanaʻole o ka mea i hōʻikeʻia e ka mea i hōʻikeʻia e ka mea i hōʻikeʻia e like me ka mea kūponoʻole a paʻakikī paha me kekahi a iʻole ka mea haʻahaʻa. Ua hoʻohanaʻia ka pālākiō paʻakikī a me 95% CI e nānā i ka pilina ma waena o ka nui o ka hormone a me ka hana'elepile. Hoʻohanaʻia nā hiʻohiʻona loiloi lōʻihi no ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i nā mea hōʻailona kūikawā me ka makahiki, ka helu kaihui kanaka, ka hoʻolaunaʻana o nā hoa, ka hoʻohanaʻana i keʻano o ka hoʻohanaʻana i keʻano o ka lolouila 5, ka pōʻino, ka maʻi diabetes a me ka maʻi.
I ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻikepili mai ka hahai houʻana, ua mālamaʻia nā kānana ma nā kānaka 625 me kaʻikepili piha. Uaʻikeʻia ka mea i hoʻonuiʻia i ka hopena o nā mea'elepona e like me ka nui o ka testosterone a me nā kūmole testosterone. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole maopopo kēia hopena ma hope o ka hoʻonaninauʻana i nā mea hōʻole. Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka pae luteinizing hormone (8 IU / l aʻoi aku paha) i kahi kiʻekiʻeʻoi aku o ka'āpana erectile (ORN 2.91, 95% CI 1.55-5.48) i hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ka helu hormone luteinizing ma lalo o 6 IU / l. ʻO kahi pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka hormone luteinizing a me nā helu testosterone a pau ua hōʻikeʻia ka piʻiʻana o nā haʻawina testosterone me ka emiʻana o ka pilikia o nā mea'elepili honua e like me ka nui o ka hormone ma mua o 6 IU / l.
In i kēia pūʻulu nui o nāʻelemakule iʻikeʻia heʻaʻohe hui i waena o nā testosterone, nā testosterone i hōʻikeʻoleʻia, ka wahine hormone-paʻa globulin a me ka pilau o ka honua. Ua pili nā kumu Testosterone me ka emiʻana o ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea'elepili erectile wale nō i nā kāne me ka nui o ka hormone luteinizing.
ʻO kaʻoihana'ōnaehana pituitary i loko o nā maʻi me kaʻeke erectile a me ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka wā kahiko.
Hoʻopili i ka wahine Behav. 1979 Jan;8(1):41-8.
Ua aʻo ʻia ka ʻōnaehana test pituitary i loko o nā kāne me ka maʻi psychogen. ʻEwalu mau mea maʻi me ka hiki ʻole o ka erectile pelekikena makahiki 22-36 mau makahiki, ʻewalu mau kāne me ka hānau ʻole erectile kiʻekiʻe 29-55 mau makahiki, a 16 mau kāne me ka ejaculation makahiki 23-43 mau makahiki i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ua hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ka hui hope loa i ʻelua mau pūʻulu: E1 (n = 7) nā mea maʻi me ka ʻole o E2 (n = 9) nā mea maʻi me ka hopohopo a me ka pale ʻana i ka hana coital. He ʻumikūmāono kāne makua makua makahiki 21-44 i lawelawe ma ke ʻano he hui hoʻokele. Ua hana ʻia ka diagnostic ma hope o ka loiloi psychiatric a me ke kino. ʻO nā mea maʻi e ʻōhumu nui nei no ka nalo ʻana o ka libido ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia i loko o ke aʻo ʻana. Ua loaʻa nā ʻāpana koko he ʻumi ma hope o 3 mau hola mai kēlā me kēia mea maʻi. Ua ana ʻia ka testosterone luteinizing (LH), ka testosterone holoʻokoʻa, a me ka testosterone manuahi (ʻaʻole protein). ʻAʻole hōʻikeʻia e ka hōʻikehelu'ānā hōʻike nuiʻole i waena o nā maʻi a me nā mana maʻamau.
ʻO ka testosterone a me ka testosterone e paʻa ana i nā loli i loko o nā kāne me nā maʻiʻole, oligospermia, azoospermia, a me hypogonadism.
Br Med J. 1974 Mar 2;1(5904):349-51.
ʻO nā pae testosterone testosterone maʻamau (+/- SD), e hoʻohana ana iā Sephadex LH-20 a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka protein protein, he 629 +/- 160 ng / 100 ml no kahi hui o 27 mau kāne makua maʻamau, 650 +/- 205 ng / 100 ml no 27 mau kāne impotent me nā ʻano moekolohe lua maʻamau, 644 +/- 178 ng / 100 ml no 20 mau kāne me ka oligospermia, a me 563 +/- 125 ng / 100 ml no 16 mau kāne azoospermic. ʻAʻohe o kēia mau waiwai i ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa. No nā kāne 21 me nā hōʻike maʻi o ka hypogonadism ka manaʻo o ka testosterone testosterone (+/- SD), ma 177 +/- 122 ng / 100 ml, ʻokoʻa loa (P <0.001) mai nā kāne maʻamau. i ana ʻia e ka pānaʻi like o ka nui o ka plasma e pono ai e hoʻopaʻa iā 50% o (3) H-testosterone tracer) like me nā kāne maʻamau, impotent, a me oligospermic. ʻOiai haʻahaʻa no nā kāne azoospermic ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa (P> 0.1). No ka 12 o nā kāne 16 hypogonadal he pilina maʻamau ka pilina paʻa testosterone, akā hāpai i nā pilina paʻa, like me nā mea i loaʻa i nā wahine makua a i ʻole nā keikikāne prepubertal (ma kahi o ʻelua mau manawa o nā kāne kāne maʻamau), i loaʻa i nā hanana ʻehā o ka lohi o ka ʻōpio. Ke kōkua nei kēia mau hopena e wehewehe i ke kumu o ka hoʻohanaʻoleʻana o ka therapy atrapy no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ka maʻiʻole.
Nā hopena o nā testosterone ma ka hana pilikino i nā kāne: nā hualoaʻa o kahi ho'ākāka kūpono.
ʻO Clinocrinol Clin (Oxf). 2005 Oct;63(4):381-94.
ʻO ke kuleana o ka hāpaiʻana o ka haʻenerogene i ka hana maʻamau o nā kāne kāne he mea hihia. E wehewehe i ka hanaʻana i ka hana maʻamau i ka hana testosterone (T) i nā kāne me nā māhele koʻikoʻi T a nāwaliwali paha, ua alakaʻi mākou i kahi hoʻolālā pūnaewele a me nā hōʻuluʻulu kūkākūkā o nā papahana i hoʻonohonohoʻia ma kahi o ka 30 mau makahiki. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia aʻoʻanaʻo ia e hoʻonui a hoʻohālikelike i nā hopena o T ma nāʻaoʻao likeʻole o ka noho kino. Na ka papahana i hoʻonohonohoʻia, nāʻikeʻikepili pūnaewele a me kaʻike i hōʻeuʻeuʻia e nā mea loiloi kūʻokoʻaʻelua, ua kūpono. No kēlā me kēia mehele o ka hana pilina, ua helu mākou i keʻano likeʻole e pili ana iā T a ua hōʻike i nā hopena o nā manaʻo kuhiʻia o ka lāʻau T e hoʻohana ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka meta-analysis. Ua nānāʻia ka'ōhumu, ke kope a me ke kūlike o nāʻike ma nā haʻawina a pau e nānāʻia me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka kānalua a me nā hoʻoponopono hapa.
Nā hopena:
Ma keʻano, ua nānāʻia nā māhele 656: 284 i helunaʻia i mua i T, 284 i placebo (P) a me 88 i mālamaʻia ma kaʻaoʻao āpau. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka heluheluʻanaʻo 3 mau mahina (ke kau o 1-36 mahina). ʻO kā mākou mau ho'ākākaʻana i hōʻikeʻia ai i nā kāne me kaʻumi T i ke kumuhana ma lalo o 12 nmol / l, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻiʻia ka nui o nā hana no ka hola, ka manaʻo wahine a me ka hoʻouluʻana, ka helu o nā kuʻina o ka holomua, ka nui o ka hana erectile a me ka pono o ka nohokino, akā naʻe,ʻaʻohe ona mana o T i ka hana erectile i nā kānaka eugonadal ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me placebo. Ua nānāʻia ka hua'ōlelo ma ka hui pūʻana e like me nāʻano o ka heluna haumāna. ʻO ka waiwai i hōʻokiʻoleʻia o 10 nmol / l no ka mean T o ka heluna kanaka iʻikeʻole i ka hopena o ka hoʻomaluʻana, akāʻo ka nui o nā kumu kūpono no kaʻole vasculogenic erectile disordinal (ED), kaʻaeʻole a me nā manawa lōʻihi e loiloiʻia me ka maikaʻiʻoi aku. nā hopena i loko o ka hana i hanaʻia ma hypogonadal, akā,ʻaʻole i ka'eugonadal, nā kāne. Ua hōʻikeʻia ma ka hōʻike Meta-hoʻoponopono i nā hopena o T ma ka hana erectile, akāʻaʻole ka libido, ua pili likeʻole i ka manaʻoʻoiaʻiʻoʻo T. ʻO ka ho'ākākaʻiaʻana o nā haʻawina e kūpono ana e kuhikuhi ana he mea pono paha ke kālaki T no ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i vasculogenic ED i nā koho i kohoʻia me nā kūlana T a haʻahaʻa paha. ʻO kaʻike no ka hopena maikaʻi o ka lāʻau T i ka hana erectile e pono e'ālike me nā mea e hōʻailona ai ka hopena o ka hopena o ka manawa, e emi iho ana me ka piʻiʻana o nā kumuhana T, aʻaʻole loaʻa nāʻike palekana lōʻihi.. Hōʻike ka hoʻolālāʻia i kēia manawa i ka hemahema, a me nā pitfalls, no ka lōʻihi, nā wā lōʻihi, a me ka ho'āʻoʻana i nā ho'āʻo e nānā pono i ka pono o ka hoʻopiʻiʻana o T i nā hiʻohiʻona i waena o nāʻelemakule a me nāʻelemakule me nā kūlana T a me ED.
NO KA HOʻOLOHE ANA I KA HOʻOMALU
ʻO ke kaʻina o ka testosterone plasma i ke kāne kāne.
ʻO J Clinocrinol Metab. 1975 Mala; 40 (3): 492-500
ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana,ʻo ia ke nānā i ke kūlana o nā kūmole testosterone i ka plasma o nā kāne kūlohelohe i kahi lōʻihi o ka manawa a no ka huliʻana i nā kaula manawa ma nāʻano loli. ʻO nā hanana koko i loaʻa mai ka 20 i nā kānaka'ōpio maikaʻi i kēlā me kēia lā no ka hoʻonāukiʻana o 2 no ka hōʻoia holoʻokoʻa testosterone ma muli o ka radioligand analysis me ka plasma hōʻino. ʻO nā flucturations o nā kūmole testosterone plasma ma luna o ka manawa lōʻihi he nui no ka nui o nā kānaka; ua piʻi nā heluna o ka hoʻololi ma 14 a 42% (median 21%). ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hana kau ma kēia mau loli i hoʻāʻo ʻia e 4 mau ʻano ʻokoʻa, kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa hoʻi. Loaʻa ka ʻaelike kokoke ma waena o 3 mau ʻano hana kālailai no 12 mai nā kumuhana 20. ʻO kēia mau kumuhana 12 he mau pōʻaiapuni o nā pae testosterone testosterone me nā wā i waena o 8-30 mau lā, me kahi pūpū o nā manawa ma kahi o 20-22 mau lā. ʻO ka hapa nui o ia mau pōʻaiapuni ka mea nui ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ka pae 5%. ʻO nā amplitude mean o kēia mau pōʻaiapuni mai 9 a 28% o nā kumuhana testosterone pae (ʻawelike 17%).
NĀ KUMU: "ʻO nā fluctuations o nā pae testosterone testosterone ma luna o ka manawa holoʻokoʻa i nui no ka hapa nui o nā kānaka - mai 14 a 42% (waena waena 21%)." ʻAʻole wale ia akā nui nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili i nā pae T, e komo pū me ke ʻano o ka hoʻoikaika kino, ka naʻau, ke kūlana kaiaulu, nā lāʻau, ka wai ʻona, a pēlā aku.
NĀ KĀLĀNA MA KA MĀMĀNA ME KA PILO NUI:
1) Nā hopena hopena o nā hanana uilaʻike i nā kāne maʻamau.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1990;15(3):207-16.
Carani C, Kālāʻo Bancroft, ʻO Del Rio G, Granata AR, Palekana F, Marrama P.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
ʻO nā hopena Endocrine i ka hoʻouluʻiaʻana o kaʻaila i loko o ka hale laulā ua heluʻia i nā poʻe maʻamauʻewalu. Ua ho'āʻoʻia kēlā me kēia kumuhana iʻelua manawa. Ma kekahi manawa, ua komo wale nā hanana. Ma hope o ka 15 min palena, hōʻikeʻia ka 30 min o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni. No ka maʻiʻeleʻele ma kahi'ē aʻe, ua hoʻopiliʻia nā kiʻiʻoniʻoniʻelua 10-min me ka 10 min no kahi hana palekana. Ua laweʻia nā hanana koko he 15 mau minuke mai ka hoʻomakaʻana o kēlā me kēia ho'āʻoʻana a hoʻomauʻia no ka 5 Hr ma hope o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Ua ho'āʻoʻia ka pāmaʻi testosterone, LH, prolactin, cortisol, ACTH a me beta-endorphin. Hoʻopiliʻiaʻo Urine no 4 Hr i mua a me 4 Hr ma hope o nā kiʻi; ua ho'āʻoʻia kēia no ka adrenaline, noradrenaline a me ka dopamine. Hoʻopiliʻia ka hopena o ka wahine ma ka paneʻana i nā kiʻiʻeleʻele i nā kumuhana a pau, e like me ka hōʻikeʻana o ka paectile a me nā manaʻo pilina. Aia aku nei ʻaʻohe hoʻololi nui ma ka hormone a iʻole ka catecholamine mau haʻawina e pili ana i ka'ōpala a iʻole ka hopena kūlohelohe, koe naʻe no ka alaʻana o cortisol i ka manawa kūʻokoʻa,ʻaʻole naʻe i ka kiʻiʻeleʻele. Hōʻike kēia mau hopena ma loko o ka weheweheʻana, hiki i ka nui o ka hopena o ka wahine ke hoʻololi i ka hopena o ka hopena.
2) Neuroendocrine a me ka pane o ke heart i ka manaʻoi ka wahine a me ka orgasm i loko o nā kāne.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998 May;23(4):401-11.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
ʻO kaʻikepili e pili ana i keʻano o ka pane no ke neuroendocrine i ke kolohe a me ka orgasm ma ke kanaka, he likeʻole. Ma kēia hoʻonaʻauaoʻana, ua mālama mauʻia heʻumi mau mea kōkua lima kūpono no kā lākou noiʻana i ka maʻi āpau a me ka neuroendocrine i ka huhū a me ka hoʻokalakupua. Hoʻomoeʻia mauʻia ke koko ma mua, i ka wā a ma hope paha o ka hoʻohemoʻia o ka plasma o adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, hormone luteinizing (LH), hormone stimulant (FSH), prolactin, hormone growth (GH), beta-endorphin testosterone. Hoʻokomoʻia ka hopena o ka puʻuwai ma ka puʻuwai o ka puʻuwai, ka nui o ka toto, a me nā kiʻekiʻe o ka plasma noradrenaline. Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka nui o nā plasma o ka plasma i ka wā o kogasm a ua hoʻomauʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka 30 min ma hope o kaʻaʻa. He 'okoʻa, kekahi o nā hopena endocrine'ē aʻe i pākino nuiʻia e ka ululāʻau a me ka orgasm.
NĀ KUMU: Ua ʻike wau i kekahi mau ʻatikala "ʻepekema" e koi nei e hoʻonui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka porn i nā pae testosterone 100%. ʻO ka lawe aku ka hana porn kahi ala maikaʻi loa e mālama i kāu kiʻekiʻe T. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole wau e ʻimi i kahi noi e hōʻoia i kēlā mau koi. Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi he hopena ʻole ka masturbation i ka porn ma nā pae testosterone.
Hoʻomalu a me nāʻano o ke kino no ka hoʻopauʻana i nā kāne kāne
ʻO Scand J Psychol. 2003 Jul;44(3):257-63.
Fernández-Guasti A, Rodríguez-Messenger G.
Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Mexico. [pale ʻia ka leka uila]
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Hōʻike kaʻatikala i kēia manawa i nā hopena o kēia manawa e pili ana i nā mea hoihoi o ka nohokino. Ua hōʻikeʻo Knut Larsson ma ka 1956 i ka hoʻouluʻana o kaʻeleʻele wahine ma ka male kāne ma hope o ka hoʻopili pinepineʻana. Ua aʻo mākou i ka papahana a uaʻike mākou i nā hopena i lalo.
(1) Ma kekahi lā ma hope o ka ninini 4 o ka ad libitum e hoʻopiliʻia,ʻelua hapa kolu o ka heluna kanaka i hōʻike i ka hōʻailona o ka moekolohe, aʻo ke kolu'ē aʻe i hōʻike i kahi laina ejaculatory hoʻokahi mai lailaʻole i ola.
(2) Keʻano o nā hōʻailona pharmacological, e like me 8-OH-DPAT, yohimbine, naloxone a me naltrexone, hoʻololi i kēia hoʻokipa moe kino, e hōʻike ana i nā papahana noradrenergic, serotonergic a opiate i loko o kēia kaʻina hana. ʻOi,ʻo nā hoʻoholoʻana neurochimika pololei ua hōʻike i nā loli i nāʻano neurotransmit i ka manawa o ka hoʻomahaʻana i ka wahine.
(3) Hāʻawiʻia i ka mea hoʻonāukiuki, ma ka hoʻololiʻana i ka wahine hoʻonani, hoʻokuʻuʻia keʻano o nā moe kolohe, e'ōlelo ana aia kekahi mau mea hoʻonāukiuki o ka moe kolohe eʻike i ka hoʻonāwaliwali.
(4)ʻO ka mea hoʻokūkū GABA bicuculline, aiʻole ka hoʻokalakupuaʻana o ka medial preoptic wahi,ʻaʻole i hoʻololi i ka hoʻopauʻana i ka wahine. Hōʻikeʻia kēia mau manaʻo, ma kekahiʻaoʻao,ʻo ka hoʻomahaʻana i ka wahine a me ka wā postjaculatory (i pōkoleʻia e ka lawelawe bicuculline)ʻaʻole i pāpākioʻia e nā hana like likeʻole a, ma kekahiʻaoʻao,ʻaʻole e hoʻonohonoho ka medial preoptic wahi i ka nohokino.
(5) ʻO ka māmā o ka neenehana o ka neʻeneʻe ma nā wahi pūpū e pili kokoke ana i ka hōʻikeʻana i nā moe kolohe male, e like me ke kōlani preoptic medial, i ho'ēmi ikiʻia i nā holoholona pauʻole. ʻO kēlā hapa i pili pono i kekahi mau lolo aʻaʻole pili i ka hoʻololiʻana i nā kūmole o nā tolo. Hōʻike kēia mau hualoaʻa i ka hoʻololiʻana i ka helu o ka helu o ka lolo a me ka hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka hanaʻana i ka moe kolohe i ka manawa o ka hoʻopauʻana.
(6) ʻO ka hana hōʻoia o ka noho maʻemaʻe ma hope o ka ninini 4 o ka ad libitum copulation e hōʻike ana, ma hope o 4 lā, hiki i ka 63% o nā kāne ke hōʻike i ka moe kolohe wale nō ma hope o ka hana 7 i nā hana holoholona a pau.
COMMENTS:ʻO ka hapa o ka lolo i kahi i hāʻule ai ka hāʻina o ka lolomihi e like me ka like loa i nā mea mamu. Inā hāʻule kēia hāmole o nā hōʻailona testosterone i nā kāne kāne, hiki iā ia ke ho'ākāka i ke kumu o ka manaʻo o kekahi mau kānaka e like me ka haʻahaʻa o kā lākou testosterone ma muli o ka ejaculation pinepine, a no ke kumu i manaʻo ai lākou e piʻi aʻe kā lākou mau kumu testosterone me ka manawa o ka hōʻole.
NĀ MEA: Ke anaʻia nei kēia hana lōʻihi i ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau. Inā hoʻololi kou lolo ma muli o ka pākēnaʻi, hoʻoponoponoʻia kāu dopamine, ma kahi'ē aʻe o ka emi ikiʻana o nā hāpai i ka testosterone, a ponoʻoe e lōʻihi e hoʻi i ka libido mau.
Eia kekahi: # 4 - Ua pale ʻia ka luhi wahine ma o ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kahi wahine wahine (ʻo ia ka hana a porn).
Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka estrogen receptor alpha immunoreactivity i ka mua o ka haukale i hoʻohuiʻia i ka wahine.
Horm Behav. 2007 Mala; 51 (3): 328-34. ʻO Epub 2007 Jan 19.
Phillips-Farfán BV, Lemus AE, Fernández-Guasti A.
Keʻena o ka Pharmacobiology, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, México.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Hanaʻia ka alpha-alpha alphabet (ERalpha) i keʻano neuroendocrine o ka moekolohe kāne, ma mua o nā wahi lolo i loko o ka'ōnaha limbic. ʻO nā kāne o nāʻano he nui e hōʻike ana i ka hana lōʻihi o ka moe kolohe ma hope o nā hoʻololiʻana, i kapaʻia heʻano noho male. Ua hōʻikeʻia i ka hoʻonuiʻia o kaʻenehana receptor androgen i ka 24 h ma hope o kahi ejaculation hoʻokahi a iʻole ka male e hoʻomalu, ma kahi o ka medial preoptic, ka nui o ka hopena a me ka hypothalamus ventromedial. ʻO ke kumu o kēia aʻoʻana,ʻo ia ke nānāʻana inā ua hoʻololiʻia ka māmā o ERALAL i ka 24 h ma hope o kahi ejaculation aiʻole male e noho ai. ʻO ka nohoʻana o ka moe me ka nui ERalpha nui i loko o ka hale anteromedial bedcle of the stria terminalis (BSTMA), septum ventrolateral (LSV), medley amygdala (MePD), medial preoptic area (MPA) a me nucleus accumbens core (NAc). Ua pili kekahi pilikino e pili ana i ka piʻiʻana o ka ikaika o ERalpha ma ka BSTMA a me ka MePD. ʻO ka ERalpha i kaʻae (Arc) a me ka nuclei hypothalamic ventromedic (VMN), a ua hoʻokūpaʻaʻoleʻia ka nui o ka serum estradiol i ka 24 h ma hope o kahi ejaculation a me ka male e hoʻomalu. Hōʻike kēia mauʻike i kahi pilina ma waena o ka hana maʻamau a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka manaʻo o ERalpha ma nā wahi o ka lolo pono'ī, ma muli o nā kiʻekiʻe o ka estradiol i ka'ōnaehana pūnaewele.
COMMENTS: Hoʻonuiʻia ka māmā o nāʻenehana Estrogen ma kekahi mau'āpana ma hope o kahi ejaculation, a me ka nohokino. Ma ke aʻo pihaʻana, ua'ōlelo lākou i kēia loli ma mua o 24 hola.
ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ka wahine aloha a me nā'ōiwi Androgen Receptors.
ʻO Romano-Torres M, Phillips-Farfán BV, Chavira R, Rodríguez-Messenger G, Fernández-Guasti A.
Neuroendocrinology. 2007;85(1):16-26. Epub 2007 Jan 8.
Keʻenaʻo Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Meikoiko.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Hōʻike koke mākou i ka 24 h ma hope o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i kaʻoluʻolu, aia ka ho'ēmiʻana o kaʻenehana receptor (Androgen) i ka medial preoptic area (MPOA) a ma ka ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), akā,ʻaʻole i loko o ka moena moe o ka stria terminalis (BST).
Ua hoʻoholoʻia ka papahana i kēia manawa e hoʻohānā i ka hoʻololiʻana o ka AMd i kēia mauʻano'ē aʻe, e like me ka amygdala medial (MeA) a me ke septum laulā, mahele (ventral) (LSV), i pili i nā loli o ka moe kolohe ma hope o ka noho male.
Ua kaumahaʻia nāʻiole kāne i ka 48 H, 72 H a 7 paha ma hope o ka noho malināʻana (4 h ad libitum copulation) e hoʻoholo ai i keʻano o ka palekana ma ka immunocytochemistry; ʻoiai, ua anaʻia nā ana o ka moʻo testosterone i nā hui kūʻokoʻa i mōhaiʻia i nā wā like. I kekahi hoʻokolohua'ē aʻe, ua ho'āʻoʻia nā kāne no ka hoʻouluʻana i ka 48 h, 72 H a 7 paha ma hope o ka halakino. Tua hōʻikeʻo ia i ka 48 h ma hope o ka hoʻonāukiʻana i ka 30% o nā kāne i hōʻike i kahi ejaculation aʻo ka mea i koe o 70% i hōʻike i ka hoʻopau pihaʻana i ka moe kolohe. Ua hoʻokomoʻia kēia hoʻonuiʻana i ka moekolohe me kahi emiʻana o ka huhū ma ka MPOA-medial part (MPOM). ʻEhiku mau hola ma hope o ka maʻemaʻeʻana i ka moekino, ua ho'ōlaʻia ka hana pilina me ka piʻiʻana o ka ARd e hoʻonā i nā kiʻekiʻe ma ka MPOM a me ka hōʻikeʻana o ka ARD ma ka LSV, BST, VMH a me MeA. ʻAʻole i hōʻikeʻia nā hanukona testosterone i ka wā o ka nohoʻana. Ke kūkākūkāʻia nā hopena ma muli o keʻano likeʻole a me nā kūkākūkā ma waena o nā manaʻo ma waena o ka naʻau a me ka noho kāne kāne.
COMMENTS: E like me nā meaʻimi'ē aʻe i hoʻonuiʻia i ka lā 4, akā, ua hōʻole hou i ka lā 7
Hoʻopiliʻia nā moekolohe me ka plasma testosterone maʻamau i loko o nā'ōnele hhesus male
ʻO Biol Kōpala. 1984 Apr;30(3):652-7.
Michael RP, Zumpe D, Bonsall RW.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Aia kekahi mauʻike e pono ai nā torogens no ka hoʻopihapihaʻana i nā moe kolohe ma nā malemua male, akā, ua hōʻoia i ka paʻakikī e pili i ka pili piliʻana i ka wahine ma ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā mea likeʻole ma ka hoʻohālikeʻana me nā kāne male. Ma ka papahana o kēia manawa, nā hoʻonākiuʻano 4423 o Hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻia nā māmā 32 o nā hessus mele i kahi photoperiodi mau ma luna o ka manawa 2-makahiki, aʻaʻohe pilina pili i waena o ke alapine o ka ejaculation a me ka helu testosterone plasma i nā mea i'ākoakoa ma 0800, 1600 a iʻole 2200 h. Eia naʻe,ʻo ka nui o ke ala waena ma waena o ka haʻahaʻa a me ka kiʻekiʻe loa i hoʻopiliʻia me ka piliʻole i ka moe kolohe. I ka hopena o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hana maʻamau, ua like ka emiʻana o ka nui o ka testosterone plasma. Eia kekahi,ʻo kēlā mau kāne me ka helu nui o nā mea i hōʻikeʻia, hōʻike lākou i nā pūnaepa plasma plasma i ka nui o ka plasma plasma. Ua ho'āʻoʻia kekahi hoʻokolohua'ē aʻe me nā kānaka 32ʻaʻole hoʻi i hoʻowalewale i nā hana a iʻole ka hopena o ka ejaculation ka mea i hoʻohālikelike i ka nui o nā testosterone diurnal. No laila, ua hoʻoholo mākou inā e hanaʻia ka hopena i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena. Hōʻikeʻia kēia mau hopena e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā kūmole o ka testosterone i ka halihali aʻo ka paepae pae i mālamaʻia ma loko o ka 24 H hiki paha ke lilo i mea nui endocrine.
COMMENTS:ʻO keʻano hou,ʻo nāʻano testosterone a me ka ejaculationʻaʻole i liʻiliʻi iki
ʻO ka piʻiʻana o ka prolactin post-orgasm ma hope o ka moeʻana ma mua o ka hahaiʻana i ka masturbation a'ōlelo i kaʻai nuiʻana (2006)
ʻO Biol Psychol. 2006 Mala; 71 (3): 312-5. ʻO Epub 2005 Aug 10.
Mokuna Psychology, Kula o nāʻike o nāʻike kaiāulu, Kulanui o Paisley, Scotland, UK. [pale ʻia ka leka uila]
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Hōʻike kaʻimi i ka piʻiʻana o prolactin ma hope o ka hopena i loko o ka papa hana manaʻo e hoʻemi i ke alapiʻi ma waena o ka hopena a me ka hopena o ka hana. ʻO ka nui o ka piʻiʻana o ka prolactin post-orgasmic he penei ia o ka hōʻailona neurohormonal o ka nohokino. Ke hoʻohana nei i nāʻikepili mai nā moʻoleloʻekolu e pili ana i nā kāne a me nā wāhine e komo ana i ka hale hana maʻamau,ʻike mākou i kēlā me kēia mau wāhine (hoʻololiʻia no ka hoʻololiʻana i ka hoʻololiʻole)ʻo ia ka nui o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka nui ma hope o ka moekoloheʻana he 400%ʻoi aku ma mua o kēlā ma hope o ka masturbation. Ua hoʻololiʻia nā hualoaʻa ma keʻano he hōʻailona o ka pilina eʻoi aku kaʻoluʻolu o ka physiologically ma mua o ka hoʻopunipuniʻana, a ua kūkākūkāʻia ma ka mālamalama o ka noiʻiʻana i mua e hōʻike ana i nā ponoʻoihana physiological a me ka naʻau e pili ana i kaʻoihanaʻoi aku ma mua o kekahi mau hanaʻokoʻa.
NĀ KUMU: ʻO kēia wale nō paha ka noiʻi e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā ʻokoʻa hormonal ma waena o ka moekolohe a me ka masturbation. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hāpai ʻana i ka prolactin 400% ma mua o ka masturbation. Piʻi ʻo Prolactin i ka orgasm, a hana ma ke ʻano he satiationmekanismism - kāohi ia i ka dopamine.
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