Kuongororwa kwe "Kufananidza kwemazuva ekupedzisira maitiro kuburikidza nemifananidzo yepabonde muvanoshandisa zvinetso nekudzora kusingapindirani nekupindwa muropa kwepabonde" (Prause et al., 2015)

ziviso

Nokuti iyi yekuongorora kweEEG yakataura kushandiswa kwakawanda kwepabonde kunosangana zvishoma uropi hunoshandiswa kuvanilla zvinonyadzisira kutsigira iyo pfungwa yokuti zvisingaperi zvekushandisa porn zvinoshandisa pasi zvinodzora kukwezva zvepabonde. Zvichinyatsojeka, vashandi vanowanzoita zvepabonde vaishushikana nemifananidzo yakadzika yehu-pornography (zvayo zvakawanikwa zvakafanana Kuhn & Gallinat., 2014). Izvi zvitsva zvinowirirana nekushivirira, chiratidzo chekudhakwa. Kushivirira kunorondedzerwa semhinduro yomunhu inopera kuderera kune mishonga kana kukurudzira iyo ndiyo mugumisiro wokushandisa zvakare.

Mapepa gumi akaongororwa nevezera bvumirana nekuongororwa kweYBOP kwe Prause et al., 2015 (zvigaro ndezvezvikamu zvakanyanya kutaura Prause et al.)

  1. Yakaderera LPP nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvepabonde mune dambudziko rekuona zvinonyadzisira vashandisi vangave vakagadzikana nemishonga yekutsvaga. Zvose zvinoenderana nemuenzaniso (Commentary on Prause et al., 2015)
  2. Neuroscience yeIndaneti Zvinonyadzisira Kuwedzerwa: Kuongorora uye Kuvandudzwa (2015)
  3. Neurobiology yeCompulsive Sexual Behavior: Emerging Science (2016)
  4. Kufanira kuita zvepabonde kunokonzerwa nekuita zvepabonde kunofungidzirwa kuwedzerwa? (2016)
  5. Zvinonyadzisira ZvepaIndaneti Zvinokonzera Zvinetso Zvepabonde Here? A Review na Clinical Reports (2016)
  6. Kuziva uye Kusingazivi Nzira dzekushungurudzika: Vanoshushikana neHaiidzo yeIndaneti Inoshandisa here? (2017)
  7. Nzira dzehutano hwehutano mukunyengedzera kwehutano hwepabonde (2018)
  8. Kubva paIndaneti Kunetseka: Zvatinoziva uye Zvatisingaiti-Ongororo Yakarongeka (2019)
  9. Kutanga uye Kufambiswa kweIndaneti Kunokanganisa Zvepabonde: Kuvhiringidzika Kwevanhu, Reinforcement Mechanism uye Neural Mechanism (2019)
  10. Ita Kusiyanisa Mazinga Ekuratidzwa Kwemifananidzo Yezvekunyadzisira uye Mhirizhonga Uite Mhedzisiro Yekusaziva-Kwemutsindo Mune Varume (2020)

Nokuti vanowanzoita zvinonyadzisira vanoshandisa mafundo EEG akaderera kupfuura kutonga, munyori anotungamirira Nicole Prause anoti kudzidza kwake kusanzwisisika kunokanganisa iyo inodhakwa modhi modhi. Prause akazivisa kuti kuverenga kwake kweEEG kwakaongororwa "cue-reactivity" (kukurudzira), pane kujairira. Kunyangwe dai Prause anga akarurama iye anoregeredza gomba rakakoromoka mukutaura kwake kwe "kunyepa": Kunyangwe Prause et al. 2015 vakanga vawana zvishoma zvishoma-reactivity muvanoshandisa vanowanzoona zvepabonde, 27 dzimwe dzidzo dzezveuropiyo dzakashuma cue-reactivity kana chido (sensitization) muzvinomanikidza vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,23, 24, 25, 26, 27. Sayenzi haiende neiyo yega anomalous kudzidza inokanganiswa neakakomba maitiro maitiro; sainzi inoenda pamwe nekusafarira kweuchapupu (kunze kwekunge uri zvinotungamirirwa).

update: Mune mharidzo ye2018 Gary Wilson anotsanangura chokwadi chiri shure kweHNUMX chinokanganisika uye chinotsausa zvidzidzo, kusanganisira iyo mbiri Nicole Prause EEG zvidzidzo (Steele et al., 2013 uye Prause et al., 2015): Ukutsvaga Zvinonyadzisira: Chokwadi kana Nhema?

ZVIRI NYAYA

Hyperbole & Yakarurama Mhosva

Sezvazvakabudiswa muna July 2015, tichatarisa pepa ino se Prause et al., 2015. Ngatitangei nemutungamiri anotungamira. Nicole Prause akashinga akataura pawebsite yake yeSP lab kuti chidzidzo ichi chega "chinokanganisa kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira":

Ndeupi muongorori anonyatsokodzera angamboti ane debunked an nzvimbo yose yekutsvakurudza uye kupikisa zvose zvidzidzo zvekare neEEG imwechete yekudzidza?

Uye zvakare, Nicole Prause akati chidzidzo chake chine 122 zvidzidzo (N). Muzvokwadi, chidzidzo ichi chaingova nemisangano makumi mashanu neshanu chete iyo yaive "ichisangana nematambudziko kudzora kuona kwavo zvifananidzo zvepabonde". Zvidzidzo izvi zvakatorwa kubva kuPocatello Idaho, iri pamusoro pe55% Mormon. Vamwe vevatori vechikamu makumi matanhatu nenomwe vaive ma control.

Mumutsara wechipiri unoshushikana, Prause et al., 2015 yakataura mune zvose zvinyorwa uye mumuviri wekudzidza:

"Aya ndiwo maitiro ekutanga ehupenyu hwevanhu vanotaura maonero eVual Sexual Stimuli zvinetso zvepamutemo".

Izvi zvakajeka kwete mhaka, sai Cambridge fMRI kudzidza yakabudiswa gore rinenge rapfuura.

Muchitatu chekuti Nicole Prause akagara achitaura izvozvo Prause et al., 2015 "ndiyo huru kuongororwa kweurouroscience yekunyadzisira kupindwa muropa". Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti zvichienzaniswa nehuropi scan zvidzidzo, EEG zvidzidzo zvakadhura zvakanyanya pachidzidzo. Zviri nyore kuunganidza boka hombe re "porn vakapindwa muropa" zvidzidzo kana usinga tarise izvo zvidzidzo zvehupombwe kana chero mamiriro ekusiyanisa (matambudziko epfungwa, kupindwa muropa, psychotropic kushandisa zvinodhaka, nezvimwewo). Mamwe matambudziko nematambudziko ekutaura kwaPrause:

  1. Haisi chidzidzo pamusoro pekupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kana isina vanodhakwa. Ichi chidzidzo, uye 2 yekutanga Prause zvidzidzo (Prause et al., 2013 & Steele et al., 2013), haana kuongorora kana chimwe chezvidzidzo zvacho chaiva chekuita zvepabonde kana kwete. Kunyengetera kwakabvuma mune imwe nyanzvi kuti dzakawanda zvehurukuro dzakanga dzisinganyanyogadziri kutonga kushandiswa: ivo vakanga vasina kuvhiringidzwa. Zvose zvenyaya idzi zvingave zvakasimbiswa kuti vanoita zvepabonde vanovhiringidza kubvumira kuenzanirana kwakanaka neboka revasingaiti zvinonyadzisira. Mukuwedzera, iyo Prause Studies yakaita kwete zvinyorwa zvidzidzo zvepfungwa, maitiro ekumanikidzira, kana zvimwe zvinodhaka. Anavo pane gumi akaongororwa vezvematongerwo enyika vanongedza izvi zvinouraya zvikanganiso: 2, 3, 4, 8.
  2. "HPA axis dysregulation mune varume vane hypersexual kusagadzikana" (2015) inogona kutorwa senge hombe neuroscience-yakavakirwa pakudzidza kusvika parinhasi pa "hypersexourse" (ine 67 zvidzidzo zvekurapa zvekupindwa muropa pabonde, zvichienzaniswa nePemuse's 55 nyaya dzakatsamwiswa nekushandisa kwavo zvinonyadzisira). Chidzidzo chakaongorora kupindura kwehuropi kunetseka nekuongorora kuburitswa kwehomoni nehuropi (ACTH), uye mahormone anotungamirirwa nehuropi (cortisol). Nepo kudzidza uku kwakaburitswa mwedzi mishoma yapfuura Prause et al., 2015, Nicole Prause anoenderera mberi achitaura kuti EEG yekudzidza ndiyo yakakura.
  3. Urongwa hweBongo uye Kubatanidza Kunobatsira Kushamwaridzana Nezvinonyadzisira Kushandiswa: Brain on Porn (2014) - Inogona kutariswa kunge yakakura kudarika Prause et al., 2015, nekuti yaive nezvidzidzo makumi matanhatu neshanu, uye zvese zvakanyatso kuongororwa zvinhu zvekusarudzika senge kupindwa muropa, kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, uye kurapa & neurological kusagadzikana. Iwo 64 Prause zvidzidzo haana kuita izvi.

Prause et al., 2015 Yakaongorora Brain Wave Basa

Prause et al., 2015 yakanga iri Electroencephalography kana EEG kudzidza. EEG chiyero chemagetsi, kana masaisai ehuropi, pamusoro wemusoro. Kunyangwe tekinoroji yeEEG yanga iriko kwemakore zana, gakava rinoenderera mberi kuti chii chaizvo chinokonzeresa mafungu ehuropi, kana kuverengwa chaiko kweEEG kunonyatsoratidza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mhedzisiro yekuyedza inogona kududzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Spikes muchiitiko chemagetsi inonzi amplitudes (pazasi).

Vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti dzimwe EEG amplitudes (LPP, P3) gona nyatsocherechedza zvakapiwa kune chimwe chinhu chinokurudzira, chakafanana nemufananidzo. Taura zviri nyore, makuru amplitudes anoratidza hurukuro iri kunyanya kukoshesa kuonekwa kwakaratidzwa kunoitwa kuedza. MuMunyengetero kudzidza nezvekukurudzira kwaiva kwechipiri-chekuita kune chithunzi chepabonde. Mamwe mashomanana anokosha:

  1. Kunyanya kutarisa, uye iyo yeEEG spike inoenderana, haigone kutitaurira kana munhu wacho aibata zvepabonde kana dai vakanyadziswa. Nyoka yakakwirira inogona kungonzwisisika nyore nyore mafungiro asina kunaka, zvakadai sokunyangadza kana kushamiswa.
  2. Kana iyo EEG spike haingatiudze isu kana iyo yeuropi mubairo wedunhu akaitwa kana kwete. Kusiyana neizvi, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi zvevanoshandisa porn na Voon et al., 2014. uye Kuhn & Gallinat 2014 vakashandisa fMRI scanners kuti vaone kuchinja kwemuitiro uye kupa mubayiro webasa rekuita.

Muchidzidzo chino, Prause et al., 2015 akafananidza chiitiko cheEEG cheavo vanonzi "vanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisa" (avhareji maawa e3.8 e porn / vhiki) kudzora (avhareji 0.6 maawa ehupombwe / vhiki). Sezvinotarisirwa, vese "vanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" uye maitirwo aive nebasa rakakura reEEG (LPP amplitude) kana uchiona mafoto ebonde. Zvisinei, the amplitude yaiva zvidiki kune "vanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira."

Prause et al., 2015 Zvechokwadi Inotsigira Porn Addiction

Tichitarisira kukura kwakakura kwe "porn vanopindwa muropa", vanyori vakati,

"Iyi muenzaniso inoratidzika zvakasiyana nemishonga inodhaka. "

Asi izvozvo zvine musoro here? Sekutaura kunoita shamwari yekutsvagurudza, mune chero chidzidzo pane zvabuda… uyezve pane dudziro yemuongorori. Mhedzisiro yacho yakajeka chaizvo: Zvinodhakwa vanopindwa muropa vakabhadhara kushoma kutarisisa kumifananidzo yevanilla bonde yakavhenekera pachiratidziro sekondi imwe chete. Izvi hazvishamise kune chero munhu anokunda porn yanhasi.

Zvinowanikwa naPrause zvezasi LPP amplitudes ye "vanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisa" kana ichienzaniswa neanodzora anoenderana chaizvo nemhando yekupindwa muropa, kunyangwe achidudzira kuti ane "debunked kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira." Kutsvaga kwake kunoratidza zvese desensitization (kana kugara) uye kushivirira, iyo inoda kuwedzera kukurudzira. Zvose izvi zvinowanzoonekwa mukuvhiringidzika, uye, zvimwe zvinotyisa, zvakanyorwawo mune vane nzara vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vaiva kwete kuvhiringidza (zvimwe pasi apa).

Nheyo inokosha: Kana kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kwaive kwete mhedzisiro pazvidzidzo zvaPrause, isu taizotarisira kutonga uye "vanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" kuva ne imwe LPP yakakura mukupindura kumifananidzo yepabonde. Panzvimbo iyoyo, iyo Prause yainzi "vanodhakwa porno" yaive iine mashoma brain activation (yakaderera LPP) kune ichiri mifananidzo yevanilla porn. Ini ndinoshandisa makotesheni nekuti Prause haana kunyatsoshandisa chimbo chekutarisa painternet vanopindwa muropa, saka hatizive kana vamwe, kana chero, vevadzidzi vake vaive vakapindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Zvekutaura kwaPemuse kwekunyepedzera uye nemusoro unokatyamadza wakakonzerwa kuti uve wechokwadi, zvose yenyaya dzaPemuse dze55 dzaifanira kunge dzaive vechokwadi vanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Kwete, kwete mazhinji, asi nenyaya imwe neimwe. Zvose zviratidzo zvinoratidza kuti nhamba yakanaka yevanonyanya kutaridzirwa neC55 ndeyekusagadzikana

Zvidzidzo izvi zvakatorwa kubva kuPocatello Idaho kuburikidza neshambadziro dzepamhepo dzichikumbira vanhu vaive "vane matambudziko anotungamirira maonero avo emifananidzo yepabonde". Pocatello Idaho anopfuura 50% Mormon, saka zvizhinji zvehurukuro idzi dzinogona kunzwa kuti chero uwandu hwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira chinetso chakakomba. Mune nzira yakakomba yakasiyana-siyana, hapana chimwe chezvidzidzo zvacho chakaongororwa zvehupombwe. Mune imwe nzira nzira dzisina kukodzera, mukana wekutsvaga kuverengera kune vatori vechikamu vaiva nezvinetso ne chete "Mifananidzo yepabonde". Sezvo vazhinji vanomanikidza vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vachiona kutenderera mavhidhiyo, izvi zvakanyengedza vatori vechikamu zvakatonyanya?

Usaita chisina kukanganisa, zvakare Steele et al., 2013 nor Prause et al., 2015 yakatsanangura idzi 55 zvidzidzo sevanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kana vanomanikidza vanoshandisa porn. Zvidzidzo izvi zvakabvumidzwa kuti vanzwe "kutambudzika" nekushandisa kwavo zvinonyadzisira. Ichisimbisa iyo yakasanganiswa mamiro evatongi vayo, Prause akabvumirwa mukati Ongororo ye 2013 kuti dzimwe dzeZ55 zvidzidzo zvinongova nezvinetso zviduku (izvo zvinoreva kuti vakanga vari kwete vanoita zvepabonde):

“Chidzidzo ichi chaisanganisira chete vanhu vaitaura matambudziko, kubvira zvishoma kumatambudziko akakura, kudzora maonero avanoita zvinoonekwa pabonde. "

Iwe ungaita sei debunk iyo inodhakwa modhi modhi kana mazhinji eako "ako akapindwa muropa nehupombwe" asiri iwo chaiwo akapindwa muropa nehupombwe? Iwe haugone.

The Prause et al. kuwana kuwirirana zvakakwana Kühn & Gallinat (2014), iyo yakawana kuti zvimwe zvinonyadzisa zvinoshandiswa zvakasanganiswa nechepasi huro hwekushanda muvashandi vane simba (avo vaiva kwete kuvhiringidza) paakaiswa pamifananidzo yepabonde (.530 seconds). Vakatsvakurudza vakati:

"Izvi zvinoenderana nepfungwa yekuti kunyanya kuona zvinonyadzisira kunokonzeresa kudzikisira kwehunhu hwehunhu kuzvishuwo zvepabonde.. "

Kühn & Gallinat zvakare vakataura zvimwe zvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira kuwiriranisa pamwe nemubairo mudiki wedunhu grey uye kukanganiswa kwemaseketi ane chekuita nekuzvidzora. In ino muongorori Simone Kühn, akati:

"Izvozvo zvinogona kureva kuti kugara uchishandisa zvinonyadzisira zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotora mubayiro wako."

Kühn anoti mafungiro epo aripo, mabhuku ezvesayenzi anoratidza kuti vatengi vezvinonyadzisira vachatsvaga mashoko ane nhoroondo uye zvinodhura zvepabonde zvepabonde.

"Izvozvo zvinokodzera zvakakwana pfungwa yokuti mibairo yavo inoda kuwedzera kukurudzira."

Chimwe chidzidzo cheEEG akawana kuti zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa muvakadzi zvakabatana nechepfungwa shoma kushandiswa kunotora. Taura zviri nyore, avo vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira zvakawanda vangada kukurudzirwa kwemazana ekupindura vanoonekwa muvhenekeri vatengi, uye mifananidzo yevanilla porn haigoni kunyora sezvose zvinonakidza. Pasina kufarira, kuenzanisa nekusanyatsocherechedza, uye kuderedza kuverenga kweEEG. Mugumo wenhau.

Prause et al., 2015 Yakagutsikana Izvozvo Kühn & Gallinat 2014 Inogona Kuva Yakarurama

Muchikamu chekukurukurirana, Prause et al, yakataurwa Kühn & Gallinat uye ndokuchipa senge inogona kutsanangurwa yemhando yepasi yeLPP. Akanga ari munzira chaiyo, uye zvakaipisisa kududzira kwake ndokutora U-kutendeuka kubva kudhata rake. Zvichida Prause akasimba kurwisa kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisa. Her kare Twitter slogan inoratidza kuti angasava nekusarura kunodiwa kutsvakurudza kwesayenzi:

“Kufunda kuti sei vanhu vachisarudza kuita zvounzenza pasina kukumbira kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka ”

Sezvineiwo, iyo ichiri mifananidzo yakashandiswa naKühn naPrause zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune 9-yechipiri "yakajeka" mavhidhiyo mavhidhiyo akashandiswa mu2014. Cambridge fMRI kudzidza, iyo yakawana kufanana pakati pevanopindwa muropa nehupombwe uye nevevanodhakwa nezvinodhaka. Vaya vaongorori vakawana wakakura mubairo wepakati zviitiko muvanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira mukupindura mavhidhiyo mavhidhiyo, izvo zvinowanzoitika kune vakapindwa muropa.

Zvidzidzo zvepaIndaneti zvinyorwa uye tsanangudzo dzavo dzakaoma nekuti kuona zvinonyadzisira zvidhori (zvisinga kana mavhidhiyo) is chiito chekurwisa, pane kungoita chete. Nokuenzanisa, kuona mifananidzo yemabhodhoro evodka is kuziva kune chidhakwa. Kunyangwe icho chirevo chichigona kuvhenekera huropi hwake kupfuura hunodzora huropi, chidhakwa chinoda huwandu hwakawanda hwedoro kuti riwane buzz. Ivo vanorema vanoshandisa porn muKühn uye Prause zvidzidzo zvakajeka vaida kukurudzira kukuru (mavhidhiyo?) Kuratidzira buzz yavo. Ivo havana kupindura zvakajairika kungo nyarara. Uhwu humbowo hwekushivirira (uye hunyanzvi hwepfungwa hune hukama nehusope hunochinja).

Dzokorora paNicole Prause's twitter slogan:

  1. UCLA haina kuvandudza chibvumirano chaPrause. Haana kubatana neyunivhesiti kubva kutanga kwa2015.
  2. MunaOctober, 2015 Prause's yepakutanga account yeAustralia inomiswa zvachose kunetswa

MunaHo 2013 EEG Kudzidza uye Blog Post Nyika Dzokunyengeterera Iyo KUSA Kushanda Kwebongo Kungaratidza Kugara Kwazvo kana Kuwedzeresa

Prause akataura kuti yake 2013 EEG kudzidza yaive kekutanga kuverenga kweEEG kwakanyorwa kune vanonzi "hypersexourse." Sezvo ichi chaive "chekutanga" Prause inobvuma kuti ndeyekufungidzira kwakachena nezvekuti "hypersexourse" fanira vane maverengi akareba kana ezasi eEG pane kutonga kwakanaka:

"Tichifunga kuti ino inguva yekutanga ERPs kunyorwa mune zvehupombwe, uye zvinyorwa zvekupindwa muropa (yakakwira P300) uye kushushikana (yakaderera P300) zvinoratidza kufungidzira kwakapesana, hutungamiriri hwehunhu hwehunhu hwakataurwa zvakanyanya pazvikonzero zvedzidziso." [Ndokunge, pasina hwaro hwakawanda zvachose.]

As akatsanangura pano Kunyengeterera kwa2013 EEG kudzidza kwanga kusina boka rekutonga, saka haigone kuenzanisa "vanopindwa muropa '" kuverenga kweEEG kune "vasina-kupindwa muropa." Nekuda kweizvozvo, yake 2013 kudzidza haana kutiudza chinhu nezve maEEG kuverenga kwevamwe vane hutano vanhu kana "hypersexourse." Ngatirambei tichienderera nemaonero aPrause kubva ku2013:

"Naizvozvo, vanhu vane chishuwo chebonde chakakwirira vanogona kuratidza musiyano wakakura weP300 pakati pesimba rekusangana pabonde nekusarerekera kwazvakarerekera nekuda kwekusaziva uye zvemukati mezvinhu zvekukurudzira. Zvichida, zvishoma kana kuti hapana P300 zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuyerwa nekuda kwekugara kune VSS."

Muna 2013, Prause akati zvinonyadzisira zvepabonde, kana zvichienzaniswa nemitemo, zvinogona kuratidza:

  1. yepamusorosoro EEG kuverenga nekuda kwekuda-reactivity kumifananidzo, kana
  2. dzikisa EEG kuverengwa nekuda kwekugara kune zvinonyadzisira (VSS).

Mwedzi mishanu mberi kwekudzidza kwake 2013 EEG kwakabudiswa, Prause naDavid Ley vakabatana kuti vanyore izvi Psychology Nhasi blog blog nezvechidzidzo chake chiri kuuya. Mariri vanoti "kuderedza simba remagetsi”Zvaizoratidza kugara kana kushushikana:

Asi, apo maEEG aishandiswa kune vanhu ava, sezvo vaifungidzira kusagadzikana, zvigumisiro zvaishamisa, uye kwete zvachose zvinopesana nekuita zvepabonde zvinodhaka. Kana kuona zvinonyadzisira chaizvoizvo kuchigara (kana kushushikana), sekushandisa zvinodhaka, ipapo kuona zvinonyadzisira kwaizoita kuti magetsi apedzisire apera muuropi. Muchokwadi, mune izvi zvawanikwa, pakanga pasina mhinduro yakadaro. Panzvimbo pezvo, huwandu hwevatori vechikamu hwakaratidza kuwedzera kwehuropi hwemagetsi kumifananidzo inokanganisa yavakaratidzwa, senge uropi hwe "vanhuwo zvavo"…

Saka, tine 2013 Prause kutaura "Kuderedzwa kwemagetsi kupindura" ingaratidzira tsika kana kuti kusagadzikana. Zvino, zvakadaro, muna 2015, apo Prause vakawana uchapupu hwekutsvaga (anowanzovhiringidzwa nevaya vanodhakwa), ari kutitaurira "Kuderedzwa kwemagetsi kupindura" debunks porn addiction. Huh?

Mumakore maviri apfuura zvakatora Prause kuti aenzanise iyeye akanyora nyaya yakaneta nedheta neboka rekudzivirira boka, akaita flip-flop yakakwana. Iye zvino, anotaura uchapupu hwekutsvaga zvaakawana paakawedzera boka rekutonga hazvisi humbowo hwekupindwa muropa (izvo zvaakataura mu2013 ingadai yakave). Panzvimbo pezvo, zvakare, anosimbirira kuti "aramba kupindwa muropa." Izvi hazviwirirane uye hazvitsigirane nesainzi, uye zvinoratidza kuti zvisinei nezvipikiso zvakawanikwa, achati ane "zvakabvumidzwa kupindwa muropa." Muchokwadi, kunze kwekunge 2015 Prause aramba iyo 2013 Prause kudzidza uye blog post iye achazosungirwa "invoke zvinodhaka zvisina kunaka. "

Nenzira, chirevo chiri pamusoro -"Chikamu chevatori vechikamu chakaratidza kuwedzera kwehuropi hwemagetsi kumifananidzo inokwezva" - zvinovhiringidza. Ehezve zvakajairika kuva nemhinduro yakakura kumifananidzo yebonde pane yekusarerekera mamiriro emifananidzo. Zvisinei, Prause's 2013 kudzidza yakanga isina boka rekutonga, uye haina kuenzanisa kuverenga kweEEG yevanopindwa muropa nevanozvibata. Paakango wedzera iro rinodzora boka, zvaive pachena kuti kumutsa mukupindura mifananidzo yekushusha kwakajairika uye mhedzisiro yakanyangarika. Pane kudaro, vanhu vaakatonga vakazove vachitambura desensitization, kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. Muchidimbu, mhedzisiro yaPemuse ya2013 yaive isina zvainoreva (ona pazasi), nepo misoro yake ya2015 ichipesana nezvose zvaakange ambotaura. Iye anoti anoratidzira kupindwa muropa nepo achiwana humbowo hwazvo.

Nzira Dzakashata Once Again

1) Sezvo Kunyengetera kwa2013 EEG kudzidza (Steele et al.), izvo zvidzidzo muchidzidzo ichi zvaive zvechirume, zvevakadzi uye pamwe "vasina-heterosexuals". Hwese humbowo hunoratidza kuti Prause akashandisa izvo zvakafanana zvidzidzo zvechidzidzo chake chazvino uye chidzidzo chake cha2013: huwandu hwevakadzi hwakafanana (13) uye manhamba ese ari padhuze (52 vs. 55). Kana zvirizvo, ichi chazvino chidzidzo zvakare yaisanganisira 7 "vasina-heterosexuals". Izvi zvinokosha, nokuti inotyora mitemo yakakwana yezvidzidzo zvekusvuta, umo vanotsvakurudza vanosarudza kufanana zvidzidzo maererano nezera, murume kana murume, maitiro, kunyangwe zvakafanana IQ's (ndinoiitawo iri boka rinopindira rinodzora) kuitira kuti usadzivisa kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nokusiyana kwakadaro. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune zvidzidzo zvakadai saiyu, iyo yakayera kumutsa kune mifananidzo yepabonde, sekutsvakurudza kunopupurira kuti varume nevakadzi vane zvakasiyana zvakasiyana neuropi kumifananidzo yepabonde kana mafirimu (Studies: 1, 2, 3,  4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14). Ichi chikanganiso choga chinobvunza mubvunzo zvese zvidzidzo zvePrause.

2) Zvinyorwa zvePrause zvaive zvisati zvatariswa. Yakakodzera kupindwa muropa nehuropi kudzidza kuongorora vanhu vane mamiriro akange aripo (kushushikana, OCD, zvimwe zvinodhaka, nezvimwewo). Iyi ndiyo chete nzira vatsvagiri vane mutoro vanogona kutora mhedzisiro nezve kupindwa muropa. Ona iyo Cambridge Univeristy zvidzidzo semuenzaniso wekuongorora kwakakodzera & maitiro.

3) Iwo maviri emibvunzo Mubvunzo Prause aivimba mune ese maEEG zvidzidzo kuti aongorore "kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" hazvibvumidzwe kutarisisa internet internet kushandisa / kupindwa muropa. Iyo Zvepabonde Kumanikidza Scale (SCS) yakagadzirwa mu1995 kuyera maitiro epabonde kubatsira neAIDS-njodzi yekuongorora, uye zvakanyanya kwete yakasimbiswa kuvasikana. The SCS inoti:

"Chikero chave chichifanirwa [chinoratidzwa?] Kufanotaura mitero yezviito zvepabonde, nhamba dzevakaroorana, tsika dzezviito zvakasiyana-siyana zvepabonde, uye nhoroondo dzezvirwere zvepabonde."

Uyezve, nyanzvi yeCSS inonyevera kuti chigadziro ichi hachiratidze psychopathology kuvakadzi,

"Kushamwaridzana pakati pezvokuita zvepabonde nhamba nezvimwe zviratidzo zvepfungwa dzepfungwa zvinoratidza maitiro akasiyana evarume nevakadzi; Kuita zvepabonde kwakabatanidzwa nehana dze psychopathology muvarume asi kwete kuvakadzi. "

Kufanana neCSS, yechipiri chebvunzo (CBSOB) haina mibvunzo nezve internet kushandisa. Yakagadzirirwa kutarisisa nyaya dze "hypersexual", uye kunze kwekudzora maitiro epabonde - kwete kunyanyisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekubuda pachena pa internet.

Kudhakwa kunoshanda "brain brain" inofanirwa:

  1. vane maitiro akafanana uye kutonga,
  2. chengetedza zvimwe zvinetso zvepfungwa nezvimwe zvinodhakwa, uye
  3. shandisa mibvunzo yakanyatsogadziriswa uye mabvunzurudzo kuti vimbise kuti nyaya idzi ndezvekuti vanonyadzisira vanopindwa muropa.

Kunyengeterera kweEEG mbiri dzevashandi vehuponi havana kuita chimwe cheizvi, asi yakagadzirisa mhedziso yakawanda uye yakaiparidzira zvikuru.

Mhosva dzinofanira kunge dzakatsigirwa neThe Data

Kunyengetera, kuburikidza nekubvuma kwake, kunoramba pfungwa yekunyadzisira, uye inofunga kuti kushandiswa kwepabonde hakugoni kukonzera matambudziko. Semuenzaniso pfupiso kubva kune ino ichangobva kuitika Martin Daubney chinyorwa pamusoro pepabonde / zvinonyadzisira zvinodhaka:

Dr Nicole Prause, mutsvaperi mukuru weHIVual Psychophysiology uye Affective Neuroscience (Span) Laboratory muLos Angeles, anozviti "profession debunker" wekuita zvepabonde.

Zvinhu zvakadai zvakanyanyisa zvinogona kunge zvakatungamirira kune zvirevo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonzi Prause, izvo zvisingaenderani nedhiari yekuongorora.

Muenzaniso wekutanga kudzidza kwake muna 2013 “Kuda zvepabonde, kwete hupombwe, kunobatana neurophysiological mhinduro dzinoshandiswa nemifananidzo yepabonde. ” Mwedzi mishanu chidzidzo ichi chisati chaburitswa, Prause akaisunungura (chete) kune chiremba wezvepfungwa David Ley, uyo akakurumidza kubhurwa pamusoro pazvo Psychology Nhasi, kutaura kuti zvakaratidza kupindwa muropa nekuona zvinonyadzisira kwanga kusipo. Kutaura kwakadai kwanga kusiri, kutaura zvazviri, kwakatsigirwa nechidzidzo pakaburitswa. Chikamu chinotevera chinotorwa kubva pane izvi peer-review review wekudzidza:

'Kuwana kumwe chete kunowanikwa zvakashata hakurevi chinhu pamusoro pokupindwa muropa. Uyezve, izvi zvakakosha kuwana ndey kunaka kuwirirana pakati peP300 uye chido chokurara nemumwe wako (r = -0.33), zvichiratidza kuti P300 yakakura yakabatana dzikisa chido chepabonde; izvi zvinopesana zvakananga nekududzirwa kweP300 se yakakwirira chido. Izvo hazvina kufananidzwa kune mamwe madzimai mapoka. Hapana kuenzanisa kutonga mapoka. Mhedziso inowanikwa nevanotsvakurudza inowanzokwira ichibva kune data, iyo isingatauri pamusoro pekuti vanhu vanotaura dambudziko rinotarisa maonero avo emifananidzo yepabonde vane kana vasina uropi hunoita sevamwe nekodhaine kana mamwe marudzi evanhu vanodhakwa. '

Sezvakangoita mune yazvino EEG kudzidza, Prause akataura kuti avo vatongi 'uropi havana kupindura sevamwe vakapindwa muropa. Muzvokwadi, vanhu vake vaive neEEG yepamusoro (P300) kuverenga kana vachiona mifananidzo yepabonde - ndizvo chaizvo zvinoitika kana vakapindwa muropa vachiona mifananidzo ine chekuita nekudhakwa kwavo. Kutaurisa pasi pe Psychology Nhasi indavhiyu pamwe nezvinotaurwa naPrause, Senior Psychology professor emeritus John A. Johnson akati:

"Pfungwa dzangu dzichiri kubatikana kunaPususe achiti pfungwa dzake" hadzina kupindura mifananidzo yebonde kunge vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka vanopindura mushonga wavo, zvichipa kuti audze kuverenga kwakakwira kweP300 kwemifananidzo yebonde. Just like vapindwa muropa vanoratidza P300 spikes kana vapihwa nemishonga yavo yesarudzo. Angawana sei mhedziso inopesana nemhedzisiro chaiyo? "Ini ndinofunga zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwekufunga kwake - izvo zvaaitarisira kuwana."

ichi 2015 kuongororwa kwemabhuku eurosicience pane zvinonyadzisira zvinowedzera mberi:

Chidzidzo chacho chakagadzirirwa kuongorora hukama pakati peE ERP amplitudes painoona mafungiro emagariro uye zvepabonde uye mibvunzo yenzira dzehupombwe uye chido chepabonde. Vanyori vakapedzisa kuti kusavapo kwehukama pakati pehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano hwehupombwe uye hunoreva P300 amplitudes paunotarisa mifananidzo yepabonde "kukundikana kupa rubatsiro rwemhando yehutano hwehupombwe" [303] (peji 10). Zvisinei, kushaikwa kwehukama kunogona kunge kwakanyatsotsanangurwa nezvikanganiso zvinopesana nenzira. Semuenzaniso, chidzidzo ichi chakashandiswa pane zvidzidzo zvisinganzwisisiki dzimba (varume nevakadzi, kusanganisira 7 kwete-heterosexuals). Cue-reactivity zvidzidzo kuenzanisa kupindura kwehuropi hwevhiringidzi kusvika kuhutano hwakanaka kunoda zvidzidzo zvehutano (zvepabonde imwechete, mazera akafanana) kuva nemigumisiro yakakodzera. Kunyatsotaura nezvekupindwa muropa kwehupombwe, zvinonyatsosimbiswa kuti varume nevakadzi vanosiyana zvakananga muhupfungwa uye kuzvimiririra mhinduro kune zvakafanana zvinoratidzira zvepabonde [304, 305, 306]. Uyezve, mibvunzo miviri yekuongorora iyo haina kubvumidzwa kune vashandisi veI IP vane utsinye, uye zvidzidzo hazvina kuongororwa kune zvimwe zviratidzo zvekudhakwa kana kushungurudzika kwepfungwa.

Uyezve, mhedziso yakanyorwa mubhuku iri, "Zvinonzwisisika pakunzwisisa hutano hwepabonde sechido chakakwirira, panzvimbo yekusagadzikana, kunokurukurwa" [303] (p. 1) inenge isiri munzvimbo iyo ichifunga nezvekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kuti P300 ukuru hwakakanganiswa nechishuvo chepabonde nemumwe wako. Sezvakatsanangurwa muHilton (2014), kutsvaga uku "kunopesana zvakananga nekududzirwa kweP300 sechido chakakwirira" [307]. Kuongorora kweHilton kunoenderera mberi kunoratidza kuti kusavapo kweboka rinodzora uye kusakwanisa kweEEG teknolojia yekusiyanisa pakati pe "chido chepabonde chepamusoro" uye "kumanikidza zvepabonde" kunopa Steele et al. zvakawanikwa zvisinganzwisiswi [307].

Pakupedzisira, kuwanikwa kukuru kwepapepa (yakakwirira yeP300 marefu kumifananidzo yepabonde, maererano nevematongerwe enyika) inopiwa zvishoma nezvishoma muchikamu chekukurukurirana. Izvi hazvisatarisirwi, sezvo kuwanikwa kunowanikwa nezvinhu zvinodhaka uye internet zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu huwandu hweP300 hukuru maererano nekusarerekera kwekutaura kana uchingoratidzirwa kune zvakaratidzwa zvinowanzobatwa nekudhakwa kwavo [308]. Chaizvoizvo, Voon, et al. [262] vakazvipira chikamu chekukurukurirana kwavo vachiongorora ichi chidzidzo chekutanga cheP300. Voon et al. vakapa tsanangudzo yekukosha kweP300 isina kupiwa mupepa reSteele, kunyanya maererano nekugadzirisa kusagadzirisa zviratidzo, kugumisa,

"Nekudaro, zvese zviri zviviri basa reDACC mune yazvino CSB kudzidza uye P300 chiitiko chakataurwa mune yapfuura CSB kudzidza [303] rinogona kuratidza kufanana kwakadaro kwezvinangwa zvekucherechedza. Saizvozvowo, zvidzidzo zviviri zvinoratidza kuwirirana pakati pezviyero izvi nechishuwo chakasimba. Pano tinoratidzira kuti basa reDACC rinopindirana nechido, izvo zvinogona kuratidza chirevo chekuchiva, asi hachibatanisi nekuda kufungidzira kwekukurudzira-muenzaniso wekudhakwa. [262] ”(Peji 7)

Saka kunyange vanyori ava [303] vakataura kuti kudzidza kwavo kwakaratidza kushandiswa kwemuenzaniso wezvinodhaka kune CSB, Voon et al. vakapa kuti vanyori ava vakapa uchapupu hunotsigira iyo mienzaniso.

Chinonyanya kukosha: Mapepa masere anoverengerwa nevezera rinobvumirana nekuongorora kwedu Steele et al., 2013 (Peer-reviewed reviews of Steele et al., 2013) The 2013 EEG yekuongorora yakashuma kuverenga kweEEG yakakwirira (P300) apo hurukuro dzaiva pachena kune zvepabonde. Ipamusoro P300 inowanikwa apo kuvhiringidzika kunoratidzwa kune cues (zvakadai semifananidzo) yakabatana nekudhakwa kwavo. Zvisinei, chidzidzo chacho chakanga chisina boka rinodzora rekuenzanisa, izvo zvakaita kuti zvitsva zvirege kushandiswa (sezvakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zvakangowana boka rinodzora rekuongorora kwe2013). Mukuwedzera, chidzidzo chacho chakarondedzera kukura kwakanyanya-reactivity kune zvinonyadzisira zvishoma chido chekuita zvepabonde. Ita zvinyoronyoro: Chidzidzo chacho chakawana hukuru hwehutano hwekuita zvepabonde uye chishuvo chiduku chepabonde (asi kwete chido chekuita bonhora). Kwete chaizvo izvo zvinyorwa zvitsva nezvehupombwe hunowedzera chido chepabonde kana kuvhiringidza zvepabonde kungova nepamusoro libidos.

Saizvozvowo kudzidza kwaPrause kwazvino, kudzidza kwake kwechipiri kubva ku2013 kwakawana mutsauko wakakura pakati peanodzora uye "vanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" - "Hapana Uchapupu Hwekutambudzika Kushungurudzika mu "Hypersexuals" Kuudza Maitiro Avo Kumutambo Wechirwere (2013). ” Sezvatsanangurwa munyaya ino, zita racho rinovanza zvakawanikwa zvacho. Muchokwadi, "vanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" vaive zvishoma manzwiro emanzwiro kana achienzaniswa nemasimba. Izvi hazvishamisi sevakawanda Vanonyadzisira vanopupurira vanopedzisira vachinzwa manzwiro uye manzwiro. Kunyengetedza kwakaruramisa zita racho nekutaura kuti aitarisira "kukurira kwakanyanya kwemanzwiro", asi haana kupa chirevo che "kutarisira" kwake kunokatyamadza. Chinyorwa chakanyatsojeka chingadai chiri: "Vaya vanoomerwa nekudzora kushandiswa kwavo kwepabonde vanoratidza kuderera kwepfungwa kune mafirimu ezvepabonde, zvichida nekuda kwekugara, chiratidzo chekudhakwa“. Uku kutsvaga kunoenderana naPrause's ikozvino EEG kudzidza uye Kühn & Gallinat (2014), uye inoratidza kushushikana.

Mupepa raPrause ra2015, "Kuona hutano hwepabonde hunobatanidza nekuita zvepabonde kukuru, kwete erectile dysfunction", Hapana zvemapepa zvataurwa zvinotsigirwa nedata rakapihwa muzvidzidzo zvepasi. Zvinyorwa zviviri, imwe nemunhu akarara, uye imwe nachiremba (akaongorora-vezera), tsanangura mapepa akawanda kusawirirana uye zvirevo zvinopokana:

Sezvakataurwa mune zvataurwa pamusoro apa, Prause haana kuyera kuita kwepabonde, kumisikidza, kana kuita kwehuropi. Pane kudaro, vashandisi vezvinonyadzisira vakapa nhamba pamubvunzo mumwe wega kuzvitaurira "zvekuita zvepabonde" mushure mekutarisa zvinoonekwa zvepabonde. Vaya vari muma2 + maawa pavhiki kushandiswa kwepabonde vaive nezvikwiriso zvishoma mushure mekuona porn. Izvi ndizvo izvo munhu angatarisira. Izvi hazvititaurire chero chinhu nezve kwavo kumutsa bonde vasina porn kana kwavo pabonde kumutsa nemumwe wako. Uye haitaure chinhu nezve erectile basa. Zvakaoma kutaura kuti iro zita rinofanirwa kunge rakaita sei sePemuse asina kuburitsa rakakodzera data, asi zvinoita sekunge zita chairo ringave "Kunyanya kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kunoita kuti varume vatye."

Kunyangwe zvakatonyanya kushamisa, zvibodzwa zvevakomana vechidiki (avhareji zera 23) mupepa rake zvakaratidza kusagadzikana kwe erectile. Kwete chete kuti hatipihwe chikonzero nei aya majaya aive neED, tinotaurirwa nhema varume vacho "yakashuma kuita kwakanaka kwekushanda kwe erectile ". Tinogona kuramba tichienderera mberi pamusoro pepa pepa.

Muna 2014, Prause pachena akabatana naDavid Ley - munyori we Nhema dzepabonde kukanganisa, uyo asina ruzivo muurouroscience yekupindwa muropa kana kutsvagurudzwa - kuburitsa ongororo isinganetseke nezvenyaya yeupombwe: "Mambo Haana Zvini: Kuongororwa kwemufananidzo we "Pornography Addict". ” Ndiwo wongororo iyi iyo vanyori vanotaura nezvechirevo chinoshamisa chekuti, "Indaneti haina [kuwedzera] kutariswa kwekuona kwekusangana pabonde." Zvekare zvakare, hapana kana chinhu muLey & Prause "ongororo" inomirira kuongororwa, sezvo izvi zvinorwadza zvakadzama zvinoratidza.Mambo Haana Mipfeko: Fairytale Yakaputsika Inoita Sekudzokorora."

Chekupedzisira, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti aimbove mudzidzi Nicole Prause ane kwenguva refu zvekuvhiringidza vanyori, vatsvakurudzi, therapists, vanyori venhau nevamwe vanotsunga kupupurira uchapupu hwekuvhiringidza kubva paIndaneti kushandiswa. Anoratidzika kuva yakanyatsonaka uye inobudisa indaneti, sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva apa chimiro chake (kuruboshwe) pachigadziko chetsvuku che X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO) mhemberero. (Maererano ne Wikipedia ari XRCO Awards inopiwa neAmerica X-Rated Critics Organization gore negore kune vanhu vanoshanda mukukuvaraidza kwevanhu vakuru uye ndiyo chete yevanhu vakuru vechikwata mibairo inoratidzirwa yakachengeterwa chete kumashizha emabhizimusi.[1]). Izvo zvinoonekwawo kuti Munyengetero unogona kuva vakawana vanoita zvinonyadzisira sezvikamu kuburikidza nedzimwe mhizha yehupenzi inofarira boka, the Free Speech Coalition. FSC-yakawanikwa zvidzidzo zvinonzi yakashandiswa maari kudzidza-pfuti kudzidza pa zvakasvibiswa uye kushambadzira zvikuru "Orgasmic Kufungisisa" zano (ikozvino kuva yakaongororwa neFBI) .Pruseuse yagadzirawo zvisingabatsiri zvirevo pamusoro migumisiro yezvidzidzo zvake uye iye zvidzidzo zvekudzidza. Nokuda kwemabhuku akawanda, ona: Is Nicole Prause Anonetswa Nebasa Rokuona?

Muchidimbu, Idzidzo Dhatu Dzokunyora paVashandi Vanonyanya Kuenderana ne Cambridge zvidzidzo uye Kühn & Gallinat (2014).

1) Zvepabonde, kwete hupombwe, hunoenderana Neurophysiological Responses Yakarongedzwa Nezvifananidzo Zvepabonde (2013)

  • Inoenderana ne 23 zvimwe zvidzidzo zvepfungwa dzehutano pavanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira uye vanoita zvepabonde vakawana cue-reactivity kune zvinonyadzisira kana kudiwa (sensitization). Mukuwedzera, chidzidzo cheMunyengetero chakashuma zvishoma chido chepabonde kune waunofambidzana naye greater cue-reactivity. Mukutsvaga kwakafanana, yekutanga Cambridge yekuongorora yakashuma kuti 60% yezvidzidzo zvaiva nekutambudzika pakuzadzisa zvisizvo / kumutsa nevakaroorana chaiwo, asi zvinogona kuita zvigadziriswa nehupenzi.

2) Hapana Uchapupu Hwekutambudzika Kushungurudzika mu "Hypersexuals" Kuudza Maitiro Avo Kumutambo Wechirwere (2013)

  • Anowirirana Kühn & Gallinat (2014) mune izvo zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa zvakanamatira kune zvishoma zvouropi kushandiswa mukupindura kumifananidzo yepabonde. Izvo zvinoenderana ne zvidzidzo zvepfungwa pane vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira.

3) Kufananidza kweLate Positive Potentials neZvifananidzo Zvepabonde muDambudziko Vashandisi uye Kudzora Kusingaenderane ne "Zvinodhaka Zvinodhaka" (2015)

  • Anowirirana Kühn & Gallinat (2014) mune izvo zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa zvakanamatira kune zvishoma zvouropi kushandiswa mukupindura kumifananidzo yepabonde.
  • Inobatanidza zvakakwana neCXUUMX Prause uyo akataura kuti pasi EEG amplitudes (yakaenzaniswa nemitemo) ingaratidza tsika kana kuti kusagadziriswa.

Hazvingave zvakanaka here kana vatapi venhau uye mabloggi vakaverenga chaizvo zvidzidzo, uye vakapihwa nehutachiona neuroscientists, pamberi perabha kutsikisa sexologists 'kuburitswa kana kurira kurira? Pazasi mutsara: Zvese brain and neuropsychological studies yakaburitswa kusvika parizvino inotsigira kuvapo kwekupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira, kusanganisira Prause's.

PAMUSORO PEMUNYORI WOKUTANGA

Analysis of Prause et al. yakabviswa kubva “Neuroscience yeInternet Zvinonyadzisira Kutengesa: Kuongorora uye Kuvandudza", 2015:

Imwe nyanzvi yeEEG inosanganisira vatatu vevanyori vakafanana yakabudiswa [309]. Zvinosuruvarisa, chidzidzo chitsva ichi chakavhiringidzwa kubva kune dzakawanda zvakafanana nenyaya dzakadai sepakutanga [303]. Semuenzaniso, yakashandisa nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana yekudzidzira dzimba, vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa kuongorora mibvunzo iyo isina kumbobvumirwa nehutachiona hwekuona zvinonyadzisira vashandisi, uye zvidzidzo hazvina kuongororwa kune zvimwe zviratidzo zvekudhakwa kana kushungurudzika kwepfungwa.

Muchidzidzo chitsva, Prause et al. achifananidza neEEG basa revanhu vanogara vachiona zvinonyadzisira zveIndaneti vane izvo zvekutonga sezvavakatarisa zvose zvepabonde uye zvematongerwe enyika [309]. Sezvakatarisirwa, iyo LPP yakakura maererano nekutakura mifananidzo haina kuwedzera kumapoka ose, kunyange zvazvo kuwedzera kwekukura kwaive kwakaderera kweAAPA zvidzidzo. Kutarisira hukuru hwakakura kune vanowanzoona zvinonyadzisira zveInternet, vanyori vakati, "Iyi nzira inoratidzika yakasiyana nemishonga yemishonga".

Nepo hukuru ERP amplitudes mukupindurwa kwezvinodhaka zvinyorwa zvisingatauri mifananidzo zvinowanikwa mune zvidzidzo zvezvinodhaka, zvinowanikwa iyezvino hazvisi zvisingatarisirwi, uye zvinoenderana nezvakawanikwa naKühn naGallinat [263], uyo akawana mamwe mashandisirwo akabatanidzwa nehutano hushoma hwekurovedza mukupindura mifananidzo yepabonde. Muchikamu chekukurukurirana, vanyori vakatsanangura Kühn naGallinat uye vakapa maitiro sechinhu chinonyatsotsanangurwa chemuenzaniso wezasi weLPP. Imwe tsanangudzo yakapiwa naKühn naGallinat, zvisinei, ndeyekuti kukurudzira kwakanyanya kungave kwakaguma neuroplastic changes. Kunyanya, zvinonyanya kukwirira zvinonyadzisira zvinosanganiswa nechepamusoro-ganda zvakanyanya mumwero we dorsal striatum, nzvimbo inobatanidza zvepabonde inokurudzirwa uye zvinokurudzira [265].

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvakawanikwa naPrause et al. vakanga vari kune rumwe rutivi rwezvavakatarisira [309]. Mumwe angatarisira vagara vachiona zveIndaneti zvinonyadzisira uye kutonga kuti vave neLPP yakadaro amplitudes mukupindura kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi kune mifananidzo yepabonde kana kushandiswa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti kwakanga kusina basa. Pane kudaro, kutsvaga kusingatarisirwi kwaPrause et al. [309] rinoratidza kuti vanowanzoona vanoona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti vanowanzogara mumifananidzo. Imwe inogona kunge yakafananidzana yakafanana ichi kuti ishivirire. Munyika yanhasi yepamusoro-soro yeIndaneti, zvinowanzoitika kuti kazhinji vatengi veIndaneti vanoona zvinonyadzisira vanoshandisa mafirimu evepabonde nemavhidhiyo zvisingapikanidzi zvikamu. Zvepabonde mafirimu zvinounza humwe hukama hwepanyama uye hunotenderera pane zviratidzo zvepabonde [310] uye kuona mafirimu emhando dzepabonde zvinokonzera kuderera kwepabonde nekuteerera kwepabonde kuzvidhori zvepabonde [311]. Kutorwa pamwe chete, Prause et al., Uye Kühn uye Gallinat zvidzidzo zvinotungamirira kumhedziso inonzwisisika yokuti nguva dzose vatariri veInternet vanonyadzisira vanoda kukurumidza kuona zvinoita kuti vape pfungwa dzehupi zvakaenzana nekugadzirisa utano hwakanaka kana vashandisi vanoita zvepabonde.

Mukuwedzera, chirevo che Prause et al. [309] kuti, "Aya ndiwo maitiro ekutanga ehupenyu hwevanhu vanozivisa VSS mitemo yezvinetso" inonetsa nokuti inotarisa tsvakurudzo yakabudiswa mberi [262,263]. Uyezve, zvakakosha kuona kuti chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvakanyanya pakuongorora huropi hwekupindurwa kune zvinyorwa zvepaIndaneti zvinonyadzisira ndezvokuti kutarisa zvepabonde ndezvekupindwa muropa. Kusiyana neizvi, zvinyorwa-reactivity zvidzidzo zvekucheka kwekodineine zvinoshandisa mifananidzo yakabatana nekushandiswa kwecocaine (mutsara mutsvuku pagirazi), pane kuva nenhau chaiyo ingest cocaine. Sezvo kuonekwa kwezvifananidzo zvepabonde nemavhidhiyo ndiyo maitiro ekudzora, kuongorora kwehuropi huchauya paIndaneti zvinonyadzisa vashandisi vanofanira kungwarira mune zvose zvekuenzanisa nekugadzirisa zvabuda. Somuenzaniso, kusiyana nechimwe chechipiri kutaridzirwa kumifananidzo yakashandiswa yakashandiswa naR prause et al. [309], Voon et al. vakasarudza zvakajeka 9-yechipiri mavhidhiyo mu cue reactivity paradigm kuti vawedzere kufanana neIndaneti porn stimuli [262]. Kusiyana neye-yechipiri kutaridzirwa kumifananidzo yakare (Prause et al. [309]), kuonekwa kweiyo 9-yechipiri mavhidhiyo akabudisa hutano hukuru hunoita kuti vateereri vakaoma veIndaneti vaone zvinonyadzisira kupfuura zvakaitwa kune imwe-yechipiri kune mifananidzo. Icho chiri pamusoro pezvo kuti vanyori vakataura nezveKühn neGallinat yekudzidza, vakasunungurwa panguva imwechete sekudzidza kweVoon [262], asi havana kubvuma Voo et al. kudzidza chero kupi mupapa yavo pasinei nekukosha kwayo.

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