Kuongorora kwe "Kuda zvepabonde, kwete hupombwe, kunobatanidza Neurophysiological Responses yakarongedzwa nemifananidzo yepabonde" (Steele et al., 2013)

CHOKWADI CHINOKOSHA VERSION: Mamwe makore akapfuura, David Ley uye akadzidza mutauriri Nicole Prause vakabatana kuti vanyore a Psychology Nhasi blog inotumira pamusoro Steele et al., 2013 inonzi "Ubongo Hwako paZvinyorwa - HAKASI MHURI". Nhoroondo ye blog yakabuda miyezi 5 pamberi Kunyengeterera EEG kudzidza kwakaburitswa zviri pamutemo. Yayo oh-so-inobata zita iri kutsausa sezvo isina chekuita nayo Ubongo Hwako paZvono kana neuroscience yakaratidzwa ipapo. Pane kudaro, David Ley's March, 2013 chinyorwa chemu blog chinogadzirisa pachako kune imwe chete yeEEG isina kukanganisa - Steele et al., 2013.

update: Mune mharidzo ye2018 Gary Wilson anotsanangura chokwadi chiri shure kweC5 isinganzwisisiki uye inotsausa zvidzidzo, kusanganisira ichi chidzidzo (Steele et al., 2013): Ukutsvaga Zvinonyadzisira: Chokwadi kana Nhema?

David Ley ndiye munyori we Nhema dzepabonde kukanganisa, uye anonamata zvechitendero zvose zvepabonde uye zvepabonde zvinodhaka. Ley akanyora 30 kana kuti mabhurogi kurwisa zvinonyadzisira-kutora maforamu, uye kudzinga kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira uye porn-inosimudzira ED. Ley & Prause havana kungo batana pamwe chete kunyora Ley's Psychology Nhasi blog inotumira pamusoro Steele et al., 2013, ivo vakazobatana nemauto kuti vaparidze pepa 2014 kubvisa zvinonyadzisira zvinodhaka.

Isu tinowanzoona Ley's Psychology Nhasi blog post inotsanangurwa mumakakatanwa pamusoro pehutano hwekusvuta. Nepo vazhinji vanotaura kuti seicho chikuru cheuchapupu hwebunbunking kuvepo kwehutano hwepabonde, vashomanana vane pfungwa ipi zvayo Steele et al., 2013 yakataurwa chaizvo. Kana kutsvaga kweGoogle kusingasarudze ndizvo zvese zvaunazvo, izvi ndizvo zvaunotumira. Muchokwadi, Prause ya2013 EEG yekudzidza inotsigira iyo inodhakwa modhi modhi uye haina kuwana izvo izvo Ley kana Prause vanoti zvavakaita. Kanomwe kuongorora kwevezera-kuongororwa kwe Steele et al. 2013 inotsanangura kuti sei Steele et al. zviwanikwa zvinopa chikwereti kumushambadzi wekutengesa zvinonyadzisira. Mapepa anobvumirana neYBOP inopikisa pakuti isu tose tinobvumirana nazvo Steele et al. chaizvoizvo akawana zvinotevera:

  • Vanowanzogara vachishandisa zvinonyadzisira vaiva nechekare-reactivity (kuverenga kweEEG yakakwirira) kune zvifananidzo zvepabonde maererano nevematongerwo enyika.
  • Vanhu vane ruzivo rwakanyanya-reactivity kunotora vaiva zvishoma chido chekuita zvepabonde nemumwe wako (asi kwete chido chekuita zvepabonde kune zvinonyadzisira). Ichi chiratidzo chokunzwisisika uye kukanganisa.

Vatatu vemapepa vanotsanangurawo nzira isina kudzidza yekudzidza uye mhedzisiro isina kutsigirwa. Bepa # 1 rakazvipira kune Steele et al., 2013. Papers 2-8 ine zvikamu zvekuongorora Steele et al., 2013:

  1. 'High Desire', kana kuti 'Zvimwe' Anodhaka? A Response to Steele et al. (2013), naDonald L. Hilton, Jr., MD
  2. Neural Correlates Zvekuita Zvepabonde Reactivity Muvanhu Vose vasina uye Vanomanikidzwa Kuita Zvepabonde (2014), naValerie Voon, Thomas B. Mole, Paula Banca, Laura Porter, Laurel Morris, Simon Mitchell, Tatyana R. Lapa, Judy Karr, Neil A. Harrison, Marc N. Potenza, naMichael Irvine
  3. Neuroscience yeInternet Zvinonyadzisira Kupindwa muropa: Ongororo uye Gadziriso (2015), naTodd Rudo, Christian Laier, Matthias Brand, Linda Hatch & Raju Hajela
  4. Pane zvinonyadzisira zveIndaneti Zvinokonzera Zvinetso Zvepabonde Here? Kuongorora neCliniki Reports (2016), naBrian Y. Park, Gary Wilson, Jonathan Berger, Matthew Christman, Bryn Reina, Frank Bishop, Warren P. Klam naAndirea P. Doan
  5. Kuziva uye Kusingazivi Maitiro Ekushungurudzika: Vanotambudza Nenguva Dzakawanda Zvinonyadzisira Vanoshandisa? (2017) naSajeev Kunaharan, Sean Halpin, Thiagarajan Sitharthan, Shannon Bosshard, naPeter Walla
  6. Nzira dzehutano hwehutano hwekunyengedzera kwehutano hwepabonde (2018), Ewelina Kowalewska, Joshua B. Grubbs, Marc N. Potenza, Mateusz Gola, Małgorzata Draps, uye Shane W.Kraus.
  7. Kubva paIndaneti Kunetseka: Zvatinoziva uye Zvatisingazivi-Ongororo Yakarongeka (2019), Rubén de Alarcón, Javier I. weIglesia, Nerea M. Casado uye Angel L. Montejo.
  8. Kutanga uye Kufambiswa kweIndaneti Kunokanganisa Zvepabonde: Kuvhiringidzika Kwevanhu, Reinforcement Mechanism uye Neural Mechanism "(2019) naHe Wei, Shi Yahuan, Zhang wei, Luo Wenbo, He Wiezhan

Cherechedza: Pamusoro peongororo makumi maviri neshanu dzinokanganisa kutaura kuti bonde & porn vanopindwa muropa "vanongova nehupombwe" Izvi zvakakosha sekunyorwa kwaPrause kuti vateveri vake vaingova nepamusoro libidos (asi ivo havana, sezvamuchaona pazasi).

ziviso

Iyo SPAN Lab kudzidza: "Zvepabonde, kwete hupombwe, hunoenderana Neurophysiological Responses Yakarongedzwa Nezvifananidzo Zvepabonde”(Anozivikanwa sa Steele et al., 2013).

Iyi 2013 EEG yekudzidza yakaiswa mune zvenhau sehuchapupu hunopesana nehupo hwehutachiona hwehupombwe (kana kutengesa, zvekuita zvepabonde). Muzvokwadi, YBOP inotarisa chidzidzo ichi sechitsigira kuvapo kwehutachiona hwepabonde. Sei? Chidzidzo chacho chakanyora kuverenga kweEEG yakakwirira (P300) apo hurukuro dzaiva pachena kune zvinonyadzisira. Ipamusoro P300 inowanikwa apo kuvhiringidzika kunoratidzwa kune cues (zvakadai semifananidzo) yakabatana nekudhakwa kwavo.

Mukuwedzera, chidzidzo chacho chakashuma icho vanhu vane guru cue-reactivity kune zvinonyadzisira aiva chishuvo chiduku chepabonde nemumwe wako (asi kwete chido chakanyanya chekuita bonhora kune zvinonyadzisira). Kuisa imwe nzira - vanhu vane huropi hwakawanda hwekuita uye zvishuwo zvekuona zvinonyadzisira vangangoda kuita bonhora kune porn pane kurara nemunhu chaiye.

Mutsamba, mutauri wekudzidza Nicole Prause akati vashandi vepabonde vaingova ne-libido yakakwirira, asi migumisiro yechidzidzo inoti chimwe chinhu chakasiyana. Saizvozvo, chikuru-reactivity kune zvinonyadzisira, pamwe nechishuvo chepasi chepabonde nevanonyatsobatana navo, vanobatanidza 2014 Cambridge University uropi hunoongorora chidzidzo pane zvinonyadzisira. Sezvo iwe uchizoona pazasi, izvo chaizvo zvakawanikwa zveiyi EEG kudzidza hazvibvumirane nemusoro wakagadzirwa misoro kana zvataurwa nemunyori.

Muchirevo chinotevera tinoparadza zvisizvo zvisingazivikanwi uye tinoratidza izvo zvidzidzo zvakawanikwa chaizvo, uye nei zvisingafaniri kumbove zvakabudiswa. Ndinokurudzira ichinyorwa chinyorwa, icho chinotarisana nematatu makuru ezvinyorwa akabudiswa munhau.

update: Zvakawanda zvakabva muna July, 2013. UCLA haina kudzorera chibvumirano chaNicole Prause (kutanga 2015). Haasisiri Munyori wedzidzo Akabatanidzwa mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvakanyorwa zvinotambudzwa uye kupomerwa sechikamu chechirongwa che "astroturf" chinoenderera mberi kukunyengetedza vanhu kuti ani naani asingabvumirani nemafungiro ake akakodzera kutukwa. Kunyengetera kwakaunganidza a kwenguva refu zvekuvhiringidza vanyori, vatsvakurudzi, therapists, vanyori venhau nevamwe vanotsunga kupupurira uchapupu hwekuvhiringidza kubva paIndaneti kushandiswa. Anoratidzika kuva yakanyatsonaka uye inobudisa indaneti, sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva apa chimiro chake (kuruboshwe) pachigadziko chetsvuku che X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO) mhemberero. (Maererano ne Wikipedia the XRCO Awards inopiwa neAmerica X-Rated Critics Organization gore negore kune vanhu vanoshanda mukukuvaraidza kwevanhu vakuru uye ndiyo chete yevanhu vakuru vechikwata mibairo inoratidzirwa yakachengeterwa chete kumashizha emabhizimusi.[1]). Izvo zvinoonekwawo kuti Munyengetero unogona kuva vakawana vanoita zvinonyadzisira sezvikamu kuburikidza nedzimwe mhizha yehupenzi inofarira boka, the Free Speech Coalition. FSC-yakawanikwa zvidzidzo zvinonzi yakashandiswa maari kudzidza-pfuti kudzidza pa zvakasvibiswa uye kushambadzira zvikuru "Orgasmic Kufungisisa" zano (ikozvino kuva yakaongororwa neFBI. Kusekerera kwagadzirawo zvisingabatsiri zvirevo pamusoro migumisiro yezvidzidzo zvake uye iye zvidzidzo zvekudzidza. Nokuda kwemabhuku akawanda, ona: Is Nicole Prause Anonetswa Nebasa Rokuona?

Kugadziridza (Zhizha, 2019): Musi waMay 8, 2019 VaDonald Hilton, MD vakaisa humbowo per se mhosva inopesana naNicole Prause & Liberos LLC (Dr. Hilton vakatsoropodza Steele et al. mu2014). Musi waKurume 24, 2019 Donald Hilton akagadzirisa chikumbiro chake chekusvibiswa kuratidza (1) inonyunyuta Texas Board of Medical Examiners kunyunyuta, (2) mhosva yekunyepedzera iyo Dr. Hilton akanyepedzera kuvimbika kwake, uye (3) affidavits kubva ku9 vamwe vaPususe vakashungurudzwa zvakafanana (John Adler, MD, Gary Wilson, Alexander Rhodes, Staci Sprout, LICSW, Linda Hatch, PhD, Bradley Green, PhD, Stefanie Carnes, PhD, Geoff Goodman, PhD, Laila Haddad.)

VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU VANHU

Vakwikwidzi: 52 bvunzo zvidzidzo zvakatorwa kuburikidza neshambadziro "kukumbira vanhu vakanga vari nematambudziko ekuraira maonero avo emifananidzo yepabonde. ” Ivo vatori vechikamu (avhareji zera 24) vaive musanganiswa wevanhurume (39) nevakadzi (13). Vatori vechikamu 7 vaive non-heterosexual. Chikanganiso chikuru mu Prause Studies (Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015) ndeyekuti hapana anoziva kuti, kana paine, yedzidziso dzaPemuse dzainyatsoita zvinodhaka. Muhurukuro ya2013 Nicole Prause anobvuma kuti nhamba yevanhu varo vaisangana nematambudziko maduku (zvinoreva kuti vakanga vasingaiti zvepabonde):

"Chidzidzo ichi chaisanganisira chete vanhu vaitaura matambudziko, kubva pazvidiki kusvika kumatambudziko akakura, vachidzora kuona kwavo zvido zvekuona pabonde."

Kunze kwekutadza kusimbisa kuti ndeipi yezvidzidzo zvaive zvepabonde zvinodhaka, zvidzidzo zvose zveMunyengetero, kusanganisira iyi, yakazviita kwete zvinyorwa zvidzidzo zvepfungwa, maitiro ekumanikidzira, kana zvimwe zvinodhaka. Izvi zvakakosha zvakanyanya kune chero "huropi kudzidza" pane kupindwa muropa, kuti zvisakanganise zvinopa zvabuda zvisina zvazvinoreva

Chimwe chikanganiso chinouraya ichocho Steele et al. zvidzidzo zvakanga zvisina kufanana (zvakafanana kune zvimwe zvidzidzo zveMuruse). Vaiva varume nevakadzi, kusanganisira 7 isiri-heterosexuals, asi zvose zvairatidzirwa zviyero, zvichida zvisingafadzi, murume + zvepabonde. Izvi chete zvinoderedza chero zviwanikwa. Sei? Kudzidza mushure mokudzidza kunosimbisa kuti varume nevakadzi vane zvakakosha siyana uropi hunopindura kumifananidzo yepabonde kana mafirimu. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chakanyanya kukanganisa vatsvakurudzi vanobatana nyaya zvakanyatsonaka. Sezvo Minyoro Yedzidzo isina kuita, zvigumisiro hazvina kuvimbika, uye hazvigone kushandiswa kutadza chero chinhu.

Zvavakaita: EEG kuverenga (kushanda kwegetsi pamakumbo) kwakatorwa sevatori vechikamu vakaonekwa 225 mifananidzo. 38 yemifananidzo yaiva zvepabonde, uye vose vaibata mukadzi mumwechete uye murume mumwe chete. Iyi EEG inoverengeka yekuverenga (P300) mitemo yekuteerera kuita zvinokurudzira. Vaparidzi vakapedzawo mibvunzo ye4: Zvepabonde Inoda Inventory (SDI), Kuita Zvepabonde Zvimwe Zvimwe (SCS), Zvirangariro zvekuita zvepabonde zvePabonde (SBOSBQ), uye Zvinonyadzisira ZvinoshandiswaEffect Scale (PCES).

Mubvunzo wemibvunzo wakashandiswa kuongorora "kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" (Zvepabonde Kumanikidza Scale) yaive hazvina kusimbiswa sechinhu chekuongorora zvinhu zvepabonde zvinodhaka. Yakasikwa muC1995 uye yakagadzirirwa nechisimba chisina kudzora Rara (pamwe chete) mupfungwa, maererano nekuongorora chirwere cheAIDS. The SCS inoti:

"Chikero chave chichifanirwa [chinoratidzwa?] Kufanotaura mitero yezviito zvepabonde, nhamba dzevakaroorana, tsika dzezviito zvakasiyana-siyana zvepabonde, uye nhoroondo dzezvirwere zvepabonde."

Zvakare, ivo vakapa iro remibvunzo kune echikadzi zvidzidzo. Asi iye anovandudza SCS anonyevera kuti chishandiso ichi hachiratidze psychopathology muvakadzi,

“Kushamwaridzana pakati pezvikamu zvekumanikidzira zvebonde uye zvimwe zviratidzo zve psychopathology zvakaratidza mapatani akasiyana evarume nevakadzi; kumanikidza kwepabonde kwaibatanidzwa neindekisi dzepfungwa dzepfungwa mune varume asi kwete mumadzimai. "

Taura zviri nyore, iyo 3 Prause Studies (Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015) vose vakabatanidzwa dzidziso dzakadaro - uye vese vakatadza kuongorora kana iwo madhaidhi aive akapindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kana kwete. Kunyengeterera kwakabvuma kuti mazhinji ezvidzidzo aive nedambudziko rekudzora kushandiswa. Zvese izvi zvidzidzo zvaifanira kunge zvakasimbiswa kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kuti zvibvumidze kuenzanirana neboka revasiri-vanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira.

chinangwa: Kutsvaga kuwirirana pakati peEEG kuverenga mavhareji uye zvikamu zvevatori vechikamu pane akasiyana mabvunzo-pane dzidziso yekuti chero kuwirirana kunovhenekera kuti dambudziko rekushandisa zvinonyadzisira ibasa rekupindwa muropa here kana kungori yakakwira libido.

Mhedzisiro: Vanyori vekutsvakurudza kwekutsvaga vakawana kuwirirana kumwechete kwechirevo pakati pezvose zvakasangana:

"Kurukura kweP300 kukwana kwemaonero kune zvinonakidza zvepabonde zvinokonzera zvepabonde, maererano nekutapukira kwemaitiro, kwaive zvakaipa zvine chokuita nezviyero zvechido chepabonde, asi isingabatanidzwa nezviyero zvehupombwe. "

Translation: Hazvirevi kuti zvinoderedza chido. Vanhu vane ruzivo rwakanyanya-reactivity kune zvinonyadzisira vaiva nechido chakanyanya chekuita zvepabonde nemumwe wako (asi kwete kuderera chishuwo chekuita bonhora). Kuisa imwe nzira - vanhu vane huropi hwakawanda hwekuita uye zvishuwo zvekuona zvinonyadzisira vangangoda kuita bonhora kune porn pane kurara nemunhu chaiye. Uku kutsvaga kunoteverwa nemhedziso iyi:

mhedziso: Zvinonzwisisika pakunzwisisa hutano hwepabonde se high desire, pane kunetseka, zvinokurukurwa.

Hu? Zvakashata zvakadini (pasi) zvakashanduka zvakajeka (zvakakwirira)? Sei zvakakosha-kureva zvekuita zvinonyadzisira kunobatana na kuderedza chido kuti uite zvepabonde nemumwe wako kutungamirira kusvika pakufunga kuti hupombwe hunofanira kunzwisiswa se kuchiva kwakakwirira? Hapana anoziva, asi kushandura kunoshamisa kwaiva chikonzero chezvizhinji zvezvinyorwa. Nicole Prause akashanda semutauriri we Steele et al., 2013 Mune vezvenhau Kunyengetera kunopa zvinotevera nharo kutsigira kuda kwake kuti "kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisa hakupo":

  1. In Kukurukurirana kweTV and in the UCLA press release muongorori Nicole Prause anoti izvo zvidzidzo zvevadzidzi hazvina kupindura sevamwe vakapindwa muropa.
  2. Misoro yenyaya uye mhedziso yechidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti "hupombwe" hunonzwisiswa se "high desire", Zvakadaro chidzidzo chinoshuma kuti zvidzidzo zvine huropi hukuru hwekuita porn zvine zvishuvo zvishoma nokuda kwepabonde.
  3. Steele et al. anotaura kuti the kusawirirana kwehukama pakati pekuverengwa kweEEG uye mamwe emibvunzo inoreva kuti kupindwa muropa kwepabonde hakupo.

Iwe unogona kuverenga iyo yose ongororo, asi heino scoop pane 1, 2 uye 3 pamusoro.

KUDZIDZA NOMBORO 1: Zvidzidzo zvehuropi mhinduro zvinopesana nemamwe marudzi evanopindwa muropa (cocaine yaive muenzaniso).

Zvizhinji zvehupombwe uye misoro yakakomberedza chidzidzo ichi zvinozorora pane ichi chisina kutsigirwa chikumbiro. Heino hype:

Press press release:

"Kana ivo vachitambura nehupombwe, kana kupindwa muropa nehupombwe, huropi hwavo hunopindirwa nekuona zvinoitika pabonde zvinogona kutarisirwa kunge zvakakwirira, nenzira imwecheteyo sekuti uropi hwevanopindwa muropa necocaine vakaratidzirwa kuita kumifananidzo yechirwere mune zvimwe zvidzidzo. ”

Kukurukurirana kweTV:

Reporter: "Vakaratidzwa mifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana inokwezva, uye huropi hwavo hwakatariswa."
Kunyengetera: "Kana iwe uchifunga kuti matambudziko ezvepabonde kupindwa muropa, isu taizotarisira kuona mhinduro yakagadziriswa, pamwe, kune iyo mifananidzo yepabonde. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti idambudziko rekushushikana, isu tingadai takatarisira kuona kuderera kwemhinduro kune iyo mifananidzo yepabonde. Uye chokwadi chekuti hatina kuona humwe hukama hwacho hunoratidza kuti hapana rutsigiro rwakakura rwekutarisa matambudziko ezvepabonde sekupindwa muropa. ”

Psychology Nhasi indavhiyu:

Chii chaiva chinangwa chekudzidza?

Kunyengetera: Kuongorora kwedu kwakaonekwa kana vanhu vanorondedzera matambudziko akadaro vanoita sevamwe vanovhiringidzika kubva muhupi hwavo kupindura kune zvidhori zvepabonde. Zvidzidzo zvezvinodhakwa zvinodhaka, zvakadai secocaine, zvakaratidza maitiro akafanana ehuropi kumhinduro kumifananidzo yezvinodhaka zvekushungurudzwa, saka takafanotaura kuti tinofanira kuona mufananidzo wakafanana kune vanhu vanorondedzera zvinetso zvepabonde kudai, chaizvoizvo, addiction.

Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvepabonde zvinodhaka ndeyechokwadi here?

Kunyengetera: Kana zvidzidzo zvedu zvichitsanangurwa, izvi zvingangodaro zvinomiririra dambudziko guru kune zvakakosha zvepabonde "kusvuta". Chikonzero chikonzero izvi zvakawana chinetso ndechokuti zvinoratidza uropi hwavo husina kupindura mifananidzo yakafanana nedzimwe nhamo kune zvinodhaka zvinodhaka.

Izvo zvataurwa pamusoro zvinoti "ubongo hahuna kupindura sezvimwe zvinodhaka”Haina rutsigiro. Icho chirevo hachina nzvimbo inowanikwa muzvakanyatsodzidza. Inongowanikwa mubvunzurudzo dzaPrause. Muchidzidzo ichi zvidzidzo zvaive neEEG yepamusoro (P300) kuverenga kana uchiona mifananidzo yepabonde - ndizvo chaizvo zvinoitika kana vakapindwa muropa vachiona mifananidzo ine chekuita nekudhakwa kwavo (senge ichi chidzidzo pamusoro pezvinokanganisa cocaine). Kunyorera pasi pe Psychology Nhasi indavhiyu of Prause, Senior Psychology professor emeritus John A. Johnson akati:

"Pfungwa dzangu dzichiri kungogumbukira kunaPreuse achiti pfungwa dzake 'hadzina kupindura mifananidzo yebonde sevanhu vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka vanopindura zvinodhaka zvavo, zvakapihwa kuti ataure zvepamusoro P300 kuverenga kwemifananidzo yebonde. Just like vapindwa muropa vanoratidza P300 spikes kana vapihwa nemishonga yavo yesarudzo. Angawana sei mhedziso inopesana nemhedzisiro chaiyo? "Ini ndinofunga zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwekufunga kwake - izvo zvaaitarisira kuwana."

John A. Johnson anoenderera mberi:

Mustanki inobvunza, "Chinangwa chekudzidza chii?" Uye Prause anopindura, "Kudzidza kwedu kwakaratidza kana vanhu vanotaura nezvematambudziko akadaro [matambudziko ekugadzirisa maonero avo e-online erotica] vanoita sevamwe vanodhakwa kubva muuropi dzavo kupindura kumifananidzo yepabonde."

Asi chidzidzo chacho hachina kufanidza kuongororwa kweuropi kubva kune vanhu vane matambudziko anorongedza maonero avo ekutengesa paIndaneti kuongororwa kweuropi kubva kune zvinodhaka zvinodhaka uye kuongororwa kweuropi kubva kune vasiri mishonga yekuchengetedza mishonga, iyo ingadai iri nzira yakajeka yekuona kana uropi huchipindura kubva kune vanotambudzika boka rinotarisa zvakafanana nehuropi kupindura kwevaya vanodhakwa kana kuti vasina kuvhiringidza.

Pane kudaro, Murumbidzi anotaura kuti mukati--kugadzirwa kwepakati kwaive nzira iri nani, apo nyaya dzekutsvakurudza dzinoshanda seboka ravo rokutonga. Nekugadzirwa uku, vakaona kuti maEEG mhinduro yevatungamiri vavo (seboka) kumifananidzo yakashata yakanga yakasimba kudarika maEEG mhinduro kune mamwe marudzi emifananidzo. Izvi zvinoratidzwa muine inline waveform grafu (kunyange pane chimwe chikonzero girafu yakasiyana zvikuru kubva pamagrafu chaiwo munyaya yakabudiswa).

Saka boka iri rinotaura kuti rine dambudziko rinotarisa maonero avo ekutengeserana kwekombiyuta rine mhinduro yeEEG yakasimba pamifananidzo yakashata kupfuura mamwe marudzi emifananidzo. Vanopindwa muropa vanoratidza mhinduro imwechete yakasimba yeEEG kana yaiswa nedhiza yavo yesarudzo? Hatizive. Ko vakajairwa, vasiri vanopindwa muropa vanoratidza mhinduro yakasimba seboka rinotambudzwa kusvika erotica? Zvekare, hatizive. Hatizive kana iri EEG maitiro yakafanana neyehuropi maitiro evanopindwa muropa kana vasiri-vanopindwa muropa.

Boka revatsigiri vePemuse vanoti vanokwanisa kuratidza kuti iyo yakasimudza EEG mhinduro kune avo erotica mhinduro inopinda muhuropi kana kungova kwepamusoro-libido huropi kupindura nekugadzirisa seti yemibvunzo mibvunzo ine kusiyana kwemumwe munhu mune yeEEG mhinduro. Asi kutsanangura misiyano mumhinduro yeEEG mubvunzo wakasiyana kubva pakuongorora kana mhinduro yeboka rese ichitaridza kupindwa muropa kana kwete.

Peji ine nharo pakati paNicole Prause (seasingazivikanwi) naJohn A. Johnson: John A. Johnson paSteele et al., 2013 (naJohnson vachitaurirana naNicole Prause muchitsauko chemashoko pasi pechinyorwa chake pamusoro paSteele et al.).

Zviri nyore: Zvinotaurwa kuti uropi hwevadzidzi hwakasiyana nemamwe marudzi evanodhakwa hakuna rutsigiro. Muchokwadi, iyo 2014 Cambridge University kudzidza (Voon et al., 2014) yakaongororwa Steele et al. uye akabvumirana naJohnson: Steele et al. yakashuma yakakwirira P300 mukupindura mifananidzo yepabonde maererano nekutakura mumiririri (citation 25). Kubva kuCambridge yekudzidza:

"Zvatinowana zvinoratidza kuti chiitiko cheDACC chinoratidza basa rechishuwo chepabonde, iro rinogona kunge rakafanana nekudzidza paP300 muzvidzidzo zveCSB zvinoenderana nechishuwo. [25] …… Zvidzidzo zveP300, chiitiko chine chekuita nechiitiko chinoshandiswa kuongorora kutarisisa mukukanganisa kwekushandisa zvinhu, kuratidza matanho akakwirira zvine chekuita nekushandisa nicotine [54], doro [55], uye maopiates [56], nezviyero zvinowanzoenderana kuda indices. ”… ..Nokudaro, zvose zviri kuitwa DACC mune irizvino reCBB rekudzidza uye P300 basa rakarondedzerwa mune imwe shanduro yeCBB inogona kuratidzira maitiro akafanana. "

ichi 2015 inorondedzera mabhuku eurosicience muchidimbu Steele et al.:

"Saka nepo vanyori ava303] vakataura kuti kudzidza kwavo kwakaratidza kushandiswa kwemhando yekupindwa muropa neCSB, Voon et al. vakati vanyori ava vakapa humbowo hunotsigira mhando iyi. ”

KUTAURA NAMWE 2: Misoro yenyaya & mhedziso yekudzidza inoratidza kuti "hupombwe" hunonzwisiswa se "high desire", Zvakadaro chidzidzo chinoshuma kuti zvidzidzo zvine huropi hukuru hwekuita porn zvine zvishuvo zvishoma nokuda kwepabonde.

Izvo iwe zvausina kuverenga mukubvunzurudzwa uye zvinyorwa ndezvekuti chidzidzo chakamhan'ara a kunaka kuwirirana pakati "mibvunzo yepabonde yepabonde" uye P300 kuverenga. Mune mamwe mazwi, hukuru hukuru hwekuita hunoenderana ne zvishuvo zvishoma zvepabonde (asi kwete zvishoma chido chekuita bonhora kune zvinonyadzisira). Cherekedza mazwi aPrause mune ino hurukuro:

Chii chinonyanya kuwanikwa mukudzidza kwako?

"Takaona kuti mhinduro yehuropi kumifananidzo yebonde haina kufanotaurwa nechero ipi nhatu yemibvunzo yemibvunzo yehupombwe. Mhinduro yehupenzi yaingofanotaurwa chete nechiyero chechido chepabonde. Mune mamwe mazwi, hupombwe hunoita kunge husinga tsanangure kusiyana kwehuropi mukuita bonde kwete kungova nehuremu hwakawanda. ”

Ziva kuti Prause akati na "chiyero”Yechishuwo chebonde, kwete ne“ iyo enitre Zvepabonde Chido Inventory ”. Pakabvunzwa mibvunzo yese gumi nemana pakange pasina kuwirirana, uye pasina musoro wenyaya. Chakatonyanya kuvhiringa izita rekudzidza iro rakashandisa “Kuda zvepabonde”, panzvimbo peizvo chaizvo zvakawanikwa: “kuwirirana kusina kunaka nemibvunzo yakasarudzwa pamusoro pepabonde rakabatana kubva kuSADI" asi hapana kuwirirana apo mibvunzo yese yeSADI yakaverengwa".

Heino John A. Johnson PhD kuverenga pasi pehurukuro ye Prause:

"Boka raPrause rakashuma kuti kuwirirana chete nemhinduro yeEEG kwaive kusawirirana kwakashata (r = -. 33) nechishuwo chebonde nemumwe wako. Mune mamwe mazwi, pakanga pane tsika shomanana yekutongwa neEEG yakasimba kupindura kuti kuve nechido chakaderera chepabonde nemumwe wako. Izvi zvinodaro sei chero chinhu nezvekuti huropi hunopindura vanhu vane dambudziko rekutarisa kwavo kuona erotica vakafanana nevanopindwa muropa kana vasina-kupindwa muropa neyakawandisa libido? "

Mwedzi gare gare John A. Johnson PhD akabudisa a Psychology Nhasi blog blog nezve Prause's EEG kudzidza uye izvo zvaakaona sekusarura pamativi ese enyaya. Nicole Prause (asingazivikanwe) akataura pasi pekutora Johnson kuita basa rekubatanidza neiyi YBOP inotsoropodza. Johnson akapindura na iyi inotevera mhinduro iyo iyo Prause yakanga isina mhinduro:

Kana pfungwa yekudzidza yaive kuratidza kuti "vanhu vese" (kwete kungofungidzirwa kupindwa muropa nekuita bonde) vanoratidza chipikisi muP300 matera kana uchiona mifananidzo yepabonde, wakarurama - ini handiwane poindi yacho, nekuti chidzidzo chakashandisa chete zvinonzi bonde. vakapindwa muropa. Dai chidzidzo * chaive * chakashandisa iro risiri-rekupokana boka rekuenzanisa uye vakaona kuti zvakare vairatidza iyo P300 spike, saka vaongorori vangadai vakave nenyaya yekuzviti kwavo kuti huro hwevanonzi vanoita zvepabonde vanopindwa muropa vanoita zvakafanana nevasiri-vakapindwa muropa. , saka pamwe hapana mutsauko pakati pevanonzi vakapindwa muropa nevasiri-vakapindwa muropa. Pane kudaro, chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti ivo vanozvitsanangurira vakapindwa muropa vakaratidza P300 spike vachipindura yavo yega-inorondedzerwa inodhakwa "zvinhu" (mifananidzo yepabonde), kungofanana nevanodhakwa necocaine vanoratidza P300 spike painounzwa cocaine, zvidhakwa zvinoratidza P300 spike apo yakapihwa nedoro, nezvimwe.

Kana zviri izvo kuwirirana pakati peP300 kukura uye zvimwe zvikwangwani zvinoratidza, iko chete kwakakosha kuwirirana kwaive * kwakashata * kuwirirana nechishuwo chebonde nemumwe wako. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo yakasimba iko kupindura kwehuropi kumufananidzo wepabonde, iyo * shoma * chishuwo munhu aive nekurara nemunhu chaiye. Izvi zvinonzwika kwandiri kunge chimiro chemumwe munhu akanyatso gadzirirwa pamifananidzo iye / ane dambudziko rekubatana pabonde nevanhu muhupenyu chaihwo. Ndingati munhu uyu ane dambudziko. Kunyangwe isu tichida kudaidza dambudziko iri "kupindwa muropa" kuchiri kupokana. Asi ini handioni kuti kutsvaga uku kunoratidza sei * kushomeka * kwekupindwa muropa mune iyi sampuli.

Zviri nyore: Hapana kuwirirana kwakavapo pakati pekuverengwa kweEEG uye 14-mubvunzo mubvunzo wepabonde yekutsvaga. Wakaonekana musoro wenyaya wekudzidza nemusoro wenyaya. Kunyangwe kana kuwirirana kwakanaka kukavapo, chirevo chekuti "chishuwo chakakwirira" chinowirirana kubva pa "kupindwa muropa" ndeyekunyepedzera. Zvimwe zvakasvika, P300 kuverenga kwaive zvakaipa yakabatana (r = -. 33) nechishuwo chekurara nemumwe. Taura zvakapusa - vatungamiri avo vaive vakanyanya kukura-reactivity ku porn had zvishoma chido chekuita zvepabonde nemunhu chaiye.

KUDZIDZA NOMWE 3: Zvinodhakwa zvinodhaka hazvipo nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekubatana pakati pezvidzidzo 'EEG kuverenga uye zvidzidzo' zvidzidzo paHurongwa hweKumanikidzika.

The kusawirirana kwehukama pakati peEEG uye mibvunzo inotsanangurwa nyore nyore nezvimwe zvinhu:

1) Zvidzidzo zvaive varume nevakadzi, kusanganisira 7 isiri-heterosexuals, asi zvose zvairatidzirwa zviyero, zvichida zvisina kufadza, murume + mifananidzo yemadzimai. Izvi chete zvinoderedza chero zviwanikwa. Sei?

  • Kudzidza mushure mekudzidza kunotsigira kuti varume nevakadzi vane zvakasiyana zvakasiyana neuropi pamifananidzo yepabonde kana mafirimu.
  • Yakakodzera kupindwa muropa nedzidzo dzehuropi dzinosanganisira nyaya dzakafanana: bonde rakafanana, kuita bonde kwakafanana, pamwe nezera rakafanana neIQ's.
  • Vanotsvagisa vangaruramisa sei vasina-heterosexourse mune yekuyedza nehukadzi hwepabonde - vobva vatora mhedziso dzakakura kubva kune (inofungidzirwa) kushomeka kwekubatana?

2) Zvidzidzo izvi hazvina kutariswa. Mvumo yakagadzirisa uropi huongorori hutachiona hwevanhu kune hutsika hwakagara huripo (kuora mwoyo, OCD, zvimwe zvinodhaka, nezvimwewo). Onai Cambridge kudzidza semuenzaniso wekuongorora kwakakodzera & maitiro.

3) Vatevedzeri vakawana maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekumanikidzira kushandiswa kwezvinonyadzisira, kubva pane zvakanyanya kusvika kune zvishoma. A quote from Prause:

"Chidzidzo ichi chaisanganisira chete vanhu vaitaura matambudziko, kubva pazvidiki kusvika kumatambudziko akakura, vachidzora kuona kwavo zvido zvekuona pabonde."

Izvi zvoga zvinogona kutsanangura mhedzisiro dzakasiyana idzo dzisina kuenderana nenzira inofungidzirwa. Yakakodzera kupindwa muropa nehuropi zvidzidzo kuenzanisa boka revapindwa muropa nevasiri-vakapindwa muropa. Chidzidzo ichi chaive chisina.

4) Iyo SCS (Zvepabonde Kumanikidza Scale) haisi yechokwadi bvunzo bvunzo yeInternet-porn kupindwa muropa kana yevakadzi. Yakagadzirwa mu1995 uye yakagadzirirwa neisingadzorwe bonde Rara mupfungwa (mune chokuita nokuongorora chirwere cheAIDS). The SCS inoti:

"Chikero chave chichifanirwa [chinoratidzwa?] Kufanotaura mitero yezviito zvepabonde, nhamba dzevakaroorana, tsika dzezviito zvakasiyana-siyana zvepabonde, uye nhoroondo dzezvirwere zvepabonde."

Uyezve, nyanzvi yeCSS inonyevera kuti chigadziro ichi hachiratidze psychopathology kuvakadzi,

"Kushamwaridzana pakati pezvokuita zvepabonde nhamba nezvimwe zviratidzo zvepfungwa dzepfungwa zvinoratidza maitiro akasiyana evarume nevakadzi; Kuita zvepabonde kwakabatanidzwa nehana dze psychopathology muvarume asi kwete kuvakadzi. "

Kufanana neCSS, yechipiri chebvunzo (CBSOB) haina mibvunzo nezve internet kushandisa. Yakagadzirirwa kuongorora "hypersexual" zvidzidzo, uye kunze kwekudzora maitiro epabonde.

Zviri nyore: Kudhakwa kwakaringana "kudzidza kwehuropi" kunofanirwa: 1) kuve nenyaya dzakasiyana uye kutonga, 2) skrini yehumwe kusagadzikana kwepfungwa uye kupindwa muropa, 3) shandisa mibvunzo yakagadziriswa uye mabvunzurudzo kuti vimbise kuti vanyowani vakapindwa muropa. Ichi chidzidzo cheEEG chevashandisi vezvinonyadzisira hachina kuita izvi. Izvi zvega zvinoderedza mhedzisiro yekudzidza.

Analysis of Steele et al. kubva pane ino ongororo yevezera - - Neuroscience yeInternet Zvinonyadzisira Kutengesa: Kuongorora uye Kuvandudza (2015)

Kuongorora kweEEG pamusoro pevaya vanonyunyuta nezvezvinetso zvinotarisa kuona kwavo zvepaIndaneti zvinonyadzisira zvakashuma reactivity reactivity kune zvido zvepabonde [303]. Chidzidzo chacho chakagadzirirwa kuongorora hukama pakati peE ERP amplitudes painoona mafungiro emagariro uye zvepabonde uye mibvunzo yenzira dzehupombwe uye chido chepabonde. Vanyori vakapedzisa kuti kusavapo kwehukama pakati pehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano hwehupombwe uye hunoreva P300 amplitudes paunotarisa mifananidzo yepabonde "kukundikana kupa rubatsiro rwemhando yehutano hwehupombwe" [303] (peji 10). Zvisinei, kushaikwa kwehukama kunogona kunge kwakanyatsotsanangurwa nezvikanganiso zvinopesana nenzira. Semuenzaniso, chidzidzo ichi chakashandiswa pane zvidzidzo zvisinganzwisisiki dzimba (varume nevakadzi, kusanganisira 7 kwete-heterosexuals). Cue-reactivity zvidzidzo kuenzanisa kupindura kwehuropi hwevhiringidzi kusvika kuhutano hwakanaka kunoda zvidzidzo zvehutano (zvepabonde imwechete, mazera akafanana) kuva nemigumisiro yakakodzera. Kunyatsotaura nezvekupindwa muropa kwehupombwe, zvinonyatsosimbiswa kuti varume nevakadzi vanosiyana zvakananga muhupfungwa uye kuzvimiririra mhinduro kune zvakafanana zvinoratidzira zvepabonde [304,305,306]. Uyezve, mibvunzo miviri yekuongorora iyo haina kubvumidzwa kune vashandisi veI IP vane utsinye, uye zvidzidzo hazvina kuongororwa kune zvimwe zviratidzo zvekudhakwa kana kushungurudzika kwepfungwa.

Uyezve, mhedziso yakanyorwa mubhuku iri, "Zvinonzwisisika pakunzwisisa hutano hwepabonde sechido chakakwirira, panzvimbo yekusagadzikana, kunokurukurwa" [303] (p. 1) inenge isiri munzvimbo iyo ichifunga nezvekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kuti P300 ukuru hwakakanganiswa nechishuvo chepabonde nemumwe wako. Sezvakatsanangurwa muHilton (2014), kutsvaga uku "kunopesana zvakananga nekududzirwa kweP300 sechido chakakwirira" [307]. Kuongorora kweHilton kunoenderera mberi kunoratidza kuti kusavapo kweboka rinodzora uye kusakwanisa kweEEG teknolojia yekusiyanisa pakati pe "chido chakanyanya chepabonde" uye "kumanikidza zvepabonde" kunopa Steele et al. zvakawanikwa zvisinganzwisiswi [307].

Pakupedzisira, kuwanikwa kukuru kwepapepa (yakakwirira yeP300 marefu kumifananidzo yepabonde, maererano nevematongerwe enyika) inopiwa zvishoma nezvishoma muchikamu chekukurukurirana. Izvi hazvisatarisirwi, sezvo kuwanikwa kunowanikwa nezvinhu zvinodhaka uye internet zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu huwandu hweP300 hukuru maererano nekusarerekera kwekutaura kana uchingoratidzirwa kune zvakaratidzwa zvinowanzobatwa nekudhakwa kwavo [308]. Chaizvoizvo, Voon, et al. [262] vakazvipira chikamu chekukurukurirana kwavo vachiongorora ichi chidzidzo chekutanga cheP300. Voon et al. vakapa tsanangudzo yekukosha kweP300 isina kupiwa mupepa reSteele, kunyanya maererano nekugadzirisa kusagadzirisa zviratidzo, kugumisa,

Nokudaro, zvose zviri kuitwa DACC mune zvidzidzo zveCBB zvino uye P300 basa rakarondedzerwa mune imwe chidzidzo cheB CSB [303] rinogona kuratidza kufanana kwakadaro kwezvinangwa zvekucherechedza. Saizvozvowo, zvidzidzo zviviri zvinoratidza kuwirirana pakati pezviyero izvi nechishuwo chakasimba. Pano tinoratidzira kuti basa reDACC rinopindirana nechido, izvo zvinogona kuratidza chirevo chekuchiva, asi hachibatanisi nekuda kufungidzira kwekukurudzira-muenzaniso wekudhakwa. [262] (peji 7)

Saka kunyange vanyori ava [303] vakataura kuti kudzidza kwavo kwakaratidza kushandiswa kwemuenzaniso wezvinodhaka kune CSB, Voon et al. vakapa kuti vanyori ava vakapa uchapupu hunotsigira iyo mienzaniso.

THE LONG VERSION

Mhedzisiro yacho Inotaura Chinhu chimwe chete, Kunyange Mhedziso yeChidzidzo uye Vanyori Zvichireva Zvinopesana

Musoro wenyaya yekudzidza, pamwe nemisoro yenyaya yakawanda, inotaura kuti kuwirirana (hukama) kwakawanikwa pakati pe "chishuwo chepabonde" sekuyerwa ne Zvepabonde Chido Inventory uye EEG kuverenga. Maererano nezvose zvatinogona kuwana, SDI i 14-mubvunzo test. Pfumbamwe yemibvunzo yaro inotaurirana yakakamurwa ("dyadic") bonde chishuwo uye ina kero solo ("wega" chishuwo chepabonde. Kungojekeserwa, iyo yekudzidza kunaka kuwirirana kwakawanikwa neye chete kuparadzana Mibvunzo yepabonde kubva kuSADI. Pakanga pasina kuwirirana kunokosha pakati pekuverengwa kweP300 uye zvose mibvunzo iri pa SDI. Mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro yakatorwa kubva kuabstract:

 RESULTS: "Makuru P300 makwikwi misiyano kune zvinonakidza zvebonde, zvine chekuita nekusapindirana, yakanga yakabatana zvisina kunaka nezviyero zvechido chepabonde, asi isingabatanidzwa nezviyero zvehupombwe. "

Dudziro: Vateereri vane yakakura cue-reactivity kune porn (yakakwira EEG's) yakarova yakaderera mukuda kwavo bonde nemumwe wako (asi kwete kwavo kuda kuita bonhora). Kuzviisa neimwe nzira, chikuru cue-reactivity inoratidzirana ne zvishuvo zvishoma zvepabonde (asi vachiri kuda kunyoresa zvinonyadzisira). Kunyange zvakadaro mutongo unotevera unotendeuka kuderedza chido chepabonde pamwe nemumwe munhu yakakwirira chido chepabonde:

Chiverengwa: Zvinokonzerwa kunzwisisa hutano hwepabonde sechido chakakwirira, pane kunetseka, zvinokurukurwa.

Is Steele et al iye zvino vachiti ivo vakawana zvechokwadi chido chepabonde kuwirirana ne yakakwirira P300 kuverenga? Zvakanaka, izvo hazvina kuitika, sekutsanangura kwakaita John Johnson PhD iyi vezera-rakadzokororwa rebuttal:

'Kuwana kumwe chete kunowanikwa zvakashata hakurevi chinhu pamusoro pokupindwa muropa. Uyezve, izvi zvakakosha kuwana ndey kuwirirana kusina kunaka pakati peP300 uye chido chokurara nemumwe wako (r = -0.33), zvichiratidza kuti P300 yakakura yakabatana nekuderera kwechido chepabonde; izvi zvinopesana zvakananga nekududzirwa kweP300 sechido chikuru. Izvo hazvina kufananidzwa kune mamwe madzimai mapoka. Hapana kuenzanisa kutonga mapoka. Mhedziso inowanikwa nevanotsvakurudza inowanzokwira ichibva kune data, iyo isingatauri pamusoro pekuti vanhu vanotaura dambudziko rinotarisa maonero avo emifananidzo yepabonde vane kana vasina uropi hunoita seanodhakwa necocaine kana mamwe marudzi evanhu vanodhakwa '

Nei John Johnson achifanira kuyeuchidza vanyori nevamwe vese, kuti Steel et al. chaizvo akawana "yakaderera chishuwo chebonde nemumwe wako", pane "kukwirisa bonde chishuwo"? Nekuti vazhinji vaSteele et al. uye vezvenhau blitz vanoreva kuti cue-reactivity kune porn inopindirana nehupombwe. Mhedziso yakatorwa kubva kuabstract:

mhedziso: Zvinokonzerwa kunzwisisa hutano hwepabonde sechido chikuru, pane kunetseka, zvinokurukurwa.

Iti chii? Asi kudzidza kwakaratidza kuti nyaya dzacho nechisimba-reactivity chaive kuderedza chido chepabonde nemumwe wako.

Pamusoro pezvo, chirevo "chishuwo chepabonde" chinodzokororwa ka63 muchidzidzo, uye zita rechidzidzo (Zvepabonde, Kwete Hupombwe ....) Zvinoreva kuti kukwirisa kwehuropi kumabasa kwakabatana nechishuwo chepamusoro chepabonde. Verenga chidzidzo chacho azere kugumisa uye iwewo unogona kufunga kuti vanyori vakawana zvakakwirira kune kuderedza chido chepabonde:

Mukupedzisa, zviyero zvekutanga zveveural reactivity kune zvinoratidzika zvepabonde uye zvisingaiti zvepabonde mune muenzaniso wekutarisa zvinetso zvinotarisa kuona kwavo kwekuita kwakadaro kusakundikana kupa rubatsiro rwemhando yehutano hwehupombwe, sezvinotariswa nemibvunzo. Kunyanya, kusiyana pakati pewindo reP300 pakati pepabonde uye kusapindira mune zvematongerwe enyika kwaiva inofanotaurwa nezvido zvepabonde, asi kwete neipi (yevatatu) miitiro yehupombwe. Kana chido chepabonde inonyanya kufungidzira zvinyorwa zvevashingi zvekuita zvepabonde, kutungamira kwechido chepabonde, pasina kutaurira mamwe mazano ekutsvaga kwehupombwe, inogona kuva nzira inoshanda kuderedza manzwiro ekuita zvepabonde kunetseka kana maitiro.

Hapana kupi kwatinoona dzikisa kuda bonde. Asi tinopihwa - “zvakafanotaurwa nechishuwo chebonde ” uye "Manejimendi echishuwo chepabonde" uye "Kuderedza kushungurudzika kwepabonde kana maitiro." Hakusi kungoita kuti vadzidzisi vadzidze kuti vanotenda zvepabonde zvinodhaka zvaingova zvakanyanya libido, Kunyengetera kwakasimbisa iyi meme mu mubvunzurudzo dzake: (nyora mashoko)

Chii chinonyanya kuwanikwa mukudzidza kwako?

"Takaona kuti mhinduro yehuropi kumifananidzo yebonde haina kufanotaurwa nechero ipi nhatu yemibvunzo yemibvunzo yehupombwe. Mhinduro yehupenzi yaingofanotaurwa chete nechiyero chechido chepabonde. Mune mamwe mazwi, kusaita zvepabonde hakuratidzi kunotsanangura kusiyana kwehuropi mune zvepabonde chero zvinopfuura kungova ne-libido yakakwirira."

Prause akati na "chiyero"Yechishuwo chebonde, kwete ne" iyo yese Bonde Chido Inventory ". Pakabvunzwa mibvunzo yese gumi nemana pakange pasina kuwirirana, uye hapana musoro wenyaya wekutendeuka. Kunyengetera kunoita chirevo chimwe chete maari UCLA press release:

"Mhinduro yehuropi kumifananidzo yebonde haina kutaurwa nechero ipi yemibvunzo mitatu yemibvunzo yehupombwe," akadaro. "Kubvuma kwehupombwe kwaingoenderana chete nechiyero chechido chepabonde. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuita zvepabonde hakuratidzi kunotsanangura uropi kupindura kune zvidhori zvepabonde chero kungova nehurukuro yakakwirira."

Mune mabvunzurudzo ese ari maviri zvinofungidzirwa kuti kuverenga kwepamusoro kweP300 kwakabatana ne "yakakwira libido". Wese munhu mune vezvenhau akazvitenga. Tichifunga nezve zvakawanikwa, Steele et al. inofanira kunge yakadaidzwa - “kuwirirana kusina kunaka nemibvunzo pamusoro pepabonde rakabatana, asi hapana kuwirirana apo mibvunzo yese yeSADI yakaverengwa".

Zviri nyore: Cue-reactivity (kuverenga kweP300) yaiva zvakaipa yakabatana (r = -. 33) nechishuwo chekurara nemumwe. Taura zviri nyore: chishuvo chiduku chepabonde chakakonzerwa zvikuru-reactivity yezvinonyadzisira. Pakazara, hapana kuwirirana kwaivapo pakati pekuverenga kweEEG uye iyo yese 14-mubvunzo mubvunzo wepabonde yekuverenga. Kunyangwe kana kuwirirana kwakanaka kwaivapo, chirevo chekuti "chishuwo chakakwirira" chinoenderana kubva ku "kupindwa muropa" ndeyekunyepedzera.

Chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti chidzidzo chine zvikanganiso zviviri maererano neiyo SDI. Kutora chidzidzo:

"I-SDI mizinga yehutano hwepabonde uchishandisa zviyero zviviri rakanyorwa zvinhu zvinomwe."

Chaizvoizvo, iyo Zvepabonde Chido Inventory ine mapfumbamwe akabatanidzwa mibvunzo, mana mubvunzo ogas, uye mubvunzo umwe icho hachikwanisi kuiswa mazita (#14).

Chikanganiso chechipiri: Tafura yechipiri inoti iyo Yega yekuyera mamaki chiyero ndi "2-3," uye zvakadaro mukadzi zvinoreva kuti inopfuura iyo. Zviri 26 – chaiko kure nemachati. Chii chakaitika? Mibvunzo mina yebonde iri yega (26.46-10) inowedzera kusvika pachikamu chinokwana "13".

Bhuku rinoshamwaridzana remitambo, iro rakaenderera mberi nekubudisa chidzidzo ichi, rinotangira-kutora misoro yezvinyorwa zvezvikamu zveSAD. Asi chidzidzo kunyora-up kune zvikanganiso zvinopisa pamusoro pe SDI pachayo, izvo zvisingaiti chivimbo kuvatsvakurudzi.

High Desire is Mutual Exclusive With Addiction?

Kunyange Steele et al. zvakataurwa zvishoma chishuwo chebonde rakabatana chinowirirana kuti cue-reactivity, zvakakosha kugadzirisa chirevo chisingadaviriki chekuti "chishuwo chebonde chakakwirira" chinowirirana chete kune kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Kusanzwisisa kwaro kunova pachena kana munhu akafunga fungidziro zvichibva pane zvimwe zvinodhaka. (Kune zvimwe ona iyi critique yaSteele et al. - Chido chepamusoro ', kana' kungoti 'kupindwa muropa? Mhinduro kuna Steele et al., NaDonald L. Hilton, Jr., MD *.)

Somuenzaniso, manzwiro akadaro anoreva here kuti kushaya zvakanyanya, kusakwanisa kudzora kudya, uye kusanyanya kufara pamusoro payo, kungo "chido chikuru chekudya?" Kuwedzera zvishoma, mumwe munhu anofanira kugumisa kuti vanodhakwa vanongova nechido chakanyanya chodhakwa, rudyi? Muchidimbu, vose vanokanganisa vane "chido chakakwirira" nokuda kwezvinodhaka zvezvinhu uye mabasa (anonzi "kukurudzira"), kunyange kana kufara kwavo kwezvinhu zvakadaro kuchiderera nekuda kwehumwe hutano hwehutano hunoshandiswa (tsvina).

Nzira dzakawanda dzedhutano nyanzvi dzinofunga nezve "kushandiswa kushandiswa pasinei nemigumisiro yakaipa" kuti ive iyo nyanzvi yekudhakwa. Mushure mezvose, mumwe munhu angave ane zvinonyadzisira-akaita kuti erectile irege kushanda uye haakwanisi kuendesa mberi kwekombiyuta yake muimba yaamai vake. Asi, maererano nevaya vanotsvakurudza, chero bedzi paanoratidza "chido chepabonde chepamusoro," haasisina zvinodhaka. Iyi paradigm inoshora zvose zvinonyatsozivikanwa nezvekusvuta, kusanganisira zviratidzo uye maitiro akagoverwa nevose vanodhakwa, zvakadai semigumisiro yakaipisisa, kusakwanisa kudzora kushandiswa, zvido, nezvimwewo.

Ichi chidzidzo chikamu chekukasira kwezvidzidzo kunoenderana nepfungwa yakasarudzika yekuti chero chiyero che "chishuwo chakakwirira," kunyangwe chisinganzwisisike, chinopa hutachiona kubva kupindwa muropa? Mumwe chiremba wezvepabonde wekuCanada akaedza kupenda iwoyu mufananidzo mupepa ra2010 rakanzi, Kuita zvepabonde zvakashata uye chido chikuru chepabonde: zvakasiyana zvakagadzirwa? Achicherechedza kuti vanhu vanotsvaka kurapwa kwehupombwe hwekuita zvepabonde vanoparidza zvose zvepabonde zvakashata uye chido chakakwirira, iye akapedzisa achiti:

"Mhedzisiro yetsvagurudzo iyi inoratidza kuti kusangana pabonde zvisina kukodzera, sekufungidzirwa kwazvino, kunyorerwa, uye kuyerwa, kunogona kungova chiratidzo chechishuwo chebonde chakanyanya uye kushungurudzika kwakabatana nekugadzirisa kwakanyanya pfungwa dzepabonde, manzwiro, uye zvido."

Zvakare, kupindwa muropa nehupombwe pachako kunounza zvishuwo zvinowanzo kuratidza se "mwero wakakwirira wepfungwa, manzwiro, uye zvido." Kungori kufunga kwekuda kuratidza kuti "kukwezva kwepabonde" kunobvisa kuvapo kwekupindwa muropa. Pazasi pane zvidzidzo zvinonyatsopokana "kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kunonyanya kuda" modhi:

Kuita zvepabonde paIndaneti: Kuita zvepabonde kune ruzivo kana uchiona zvinonyadzisira uye kwete chaiyo-hutano hwepabonde hunoita mutsauko (2013)

Quote: "Zvakare, zvakaratidzwa kuti vanonetsa vanoshandisa cybersex vanotaura nezvekusimudzira pabonde uye nekuda kwekuita kunokonzerwa nekuratidzwa kwekuona zvinonyadzisira. Muzvidzidzo zviviri izvi, huwandu uye hunhu zvine hukama hwepabonde chaihwo hwaive husina hukama nehutachiona hwepa cybersex. "

Urongwa hweBongo uye Kubatanidza Kunobatsira Kushamwaridzana Nezvinonyadzisira Kushandiswa: Brain on Porn (2014).

Iyi fmRI yakagamuchira kuti maawa akakwirira kwevhiki / mamwe makore ekuona zvinonyadzisira akabatana nechepfungwa shomanana kushandiswa pavanoratidzwa nemifananidzo yevanilla porn. Vakatsvakurudza vakati:

"Izvi zvinoenderana nepfungwa yekuti kunyanya kuona zvinonyadzisira kunokonzeresa kudzikisira kwehunhu hwehunhu kuzvishuwo zvepabonde.. "

Kühn & Gallinat zvakare vakataura zvimwe zvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira kuwiriranisa pamwe nemubairo mudiki wedunhu grey uye kukanganiswa kwemaseketi ane chekuita nekuzvidzora. In ino muongorori Simone Kühn, akati:

"Izvozvo zvinogona kureva kuti kugara uchishandisa zvinonyadzisira zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotora mubayiro wako."

Kühn anoti mafungiro epo aripo, mabhuku ezvesayenzi anoratidza kuti vatengi vezvinonyadzisira vachatsvaga mashoko ane nhoroondo uye zvinodhura zvepabonde zvepabonde.

"Izvozvo zvinokodzera zvakakwana pfungwa yokuti mibairo yavo inoda kuwedzera kukurudzira."

Taura zviri nyore, varume vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira zvakawanda vangada kukurudzirwa kwemazana ekupindura vari kuonekwa muvhenekeri vatengi, uye mifananidzo yevanilla porn haigoni kunyora sezvose zvinonakidza. Pasina kufarira, kuenzanisa nekusanyatsocherechedza, uye kuderedza kuverenga kweEEG. Mugumo wenhau.

Neural Correlates Zvekuita Zvepabonde Reactivity Muvanhu Vose vane uye vasina Kuita Zvepabonde Zvokuita Zvepabonde (2014)

Ichi chidzidzo chakawana kuti vanopindwa muropa nehupombwe vaive nehuropi hwakaenzana sezvinoonekwa mune vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhakwa. Vatsvakurudzi vakataurawo kuti 60% yezvidzidzo (avhareji zera: 25) yanga ichinetseka kuwana erections / kumutsa pamwe nevakabatana chaivo, asi inogona kuita erections ne porn. Uku kutsvaga kwakaputsa zvachose chirevo chekuti vanomanikidza vashandisi vezvinonyadzisira vanongova nechishuwo chepamusoro chebonde pane avo vasingamanikidze vashandisi ve porn

Sei Pasina Kubatana Pakati Pemibvunzo uye EEG Kuverenga?

Chirevo chikuru Steele et al., 2013 ndiyo iyo kusawirirana kwehukama pakati pezvidzidzo EEG kuverenga (P300) uye mimwe mibvunzo yemibvunzo zvinoreva kuti kupindwa muropa kwepabonde hakupo. Zvikonzero zviviri zvakakura zvinoita kushayikwa kwehukama:

  1. Vatsvakurudzi vakasarudza hurukuro dzakasiyana-siyana (vakadzi, varume, hutano husina maturo, vasina-heterosexuals), asi vakavaratidza zvose zviyero, zvichida zvisingafadzi, varume + zvevakadzi zvepabonde. Taura zvakajeka, migumisiro yekudzidza iyi yaive yakavakirwa nechinangwa chokuti varume, vakadzi, uye vasiri vanhu vakasiyana-siyana havana kusiyana mukupindura kwavo kumifananidzo yepabonde. Izvi zviri pachena kwete iyo (pasi).
  2. Ivo vaviri vanobvunza mibvunzo Steele et al. vanovimba nezvose zviri zviviri EEG zvidzidzo kuti vaongorore "kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" hazvibvumidzwe kuongorora internet yekushandisa / kupindwa muropa. Mumapepanhau, Prause akaramba achinongedzera kushayikwa kwehukama pakati peEEG mamaki uye "hupombwe" zviyero, asi hapana chikonzero chekutarisira kuwirirana muvanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira.

Kusiyana-siyana Kunogamuchirwa Kwekuedzwa Muzvikamu: Vatsvakurudzi vakasarudza nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana (vakadzi, varume, heterosexuals, kwete-heterosexuals), asi vakavaratidza zvose zviyero, zvichida zvisina kufadza, murume + zvepabonde. Izvi zvinokosha, nokuti inotyora mitemo yakakwana yezvidzidzo zvekusvuta, umo vanotsvakurudza vanosarudza kufanana zvidzidzo maererano nezera, murume kana murume, maitiro, kunyangwe zvakafanana IQ's (ndinoiitawo iri boka rinopindira rinodzora) kuitira kuti usadzivisa kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nokusiyana kwakadaro.

Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune zvidzidzo zvakadai saiyu, iyo yakayera kumutsa kune mifananidzo yepabonde, sekutsvakurudza kunosimbisa kuti varume nevakadzi vane zvakasiyana zvakasiyana neuropi pamifananidzo yepabonde kana mafirimu. Ichi chakaipa chinongotsanangura kusakwanisa kwehukama pakati pekuverenga kweEEG nemibvunzo. Zvidzidzo zvekare zvakaratidza kusiyana kukuru pakati pevarume nevakadzi mukupindura mifananidzo yepabonde. Ona, somuenzaniso:

Tinogona kuva nechivimbo chokuti a kwete-heterosexual ane shungu imwechete yevarume-vakadzi vanoita sevanhurume vasina hanya? Aiwa, uye kubata kwake kunogona kukanganisa maEEG zvikamu zvinopa kuwirirana kunobatsira zvisingaiti. Ona, somuenzaniso, Neural circuits of disgust inokonzerwa nekuita zvepabonde muhuchani nevarume vanoita zvepabonde: fMRI kudzidza.

Zvinoshamisa kuti Munyengetero pachake akataura mukati chidzidzo chekare (2012)  kuti vanhu vanosiyana zvakanyanya mukupindura kwavo kumifananidzo yepabonde:

"Zvinokurudzira zvemafirimu zviri panjodzi yekusiyana kwemunhu mukutarisa kune zvakasiyana zvikamu zvezvinhu zvinokonzeresa (Rupp & Wallen, 2007), kufarira zvimwe zvirimo (Janssen, Goodrich, Petrocelli, & Bancroft, 2009) kana nhoroondo yezvekiriniki inogadzira zvikamu zvezvinhu zvinopesana ( Wouda et al., 1998). ”

"Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vanozosiyana zvakanyanya mukuona izvo zvinoratidza chiratidzo chebonde kwavari (Graham, Sanders, Milhausen, & McBride, 2004)."

mune Kunyengetera kudzidza rakabudiswa kwemavhiki mashomanana izvi zvisati zvaitika iye akati:

"Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvichishandisa yakakurumbira International Affective Picture System (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1999) vanoshandisa zvinopesana zvakasiyana kuvarume nevakadzi mumuenzaniso wavo."

Zvimwe Murumbidzi anofanira kuverenga mazwi ake kuti aone chikonzero nei kuverenga kweEEG ikozvino kwakasiyana zvikuru. Kusiyana kwemunhu mumwe nomumwe kune zvakasununguka, uye kusiyana kukuru kunofanira kutarisirwa neboka rakasiyana-siyana repabonde rezvidzidzo.

Mibvunzo Yisina Kubatsira: The SCS (Kuvhiringidza zvepabonde Nhamba) haagoni kuongorora Indaneti-zvinonyadzisira zvinodhaka. Yakasikwa muC1995 uye yakagadzirirwa nechisimba chisina kudzora Rara mupfungwa (mune chokuita nokuongorora chirwere cheAIDS). The SCS inoti:

"Chikero chave chichifanirwa [chinoratidzwa?] Kufanotaura mitero yezviito zvepabonde, nhamba dzevakaroorana, tsika dzezviito zvakasiyana-siyana zvepabonde, uye nhoroondo dzezvirwere zvepabonde."

Zvakare, anovandudza SCS anonyevera kuti chishandiso ichi hachiratidze psychopathology muvakadzi:

“Kushamwaridzana pakati pezvikamu zvekumanikidzira zvebonde uye zvimwe zviratidzo zve psychopathology zvakaratidza mapatani akasiyana evarume nevakadzi; kumanikidza kwepabonde kwaibatanidzwa neindekisi dzepfungwa dzepfungwa mune varume asi kwete mumadzimai."

Uyezve, iCSS inosanganisira mibvunzo inobatanidza shamwari, iyo inowanikwa paIndaneti-vanonyadzisira vanoita zvepabonde vanogona kuenzanisa zvakasiyana nekuenzaniswa nevarume vanoita zvepabonde, sezvo vakamanikidzira vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira kazhinji vari kure chido chikuru chekushandiswa kwe cyber kupfuura zvepabonde chaiwo.

Kufanana neCSS, yechipiri chepabonde (hypersexual question questionnaire)CBSOB) haina mibvunzo nezve internet kushandisa. Yakagadzirirwa kutarisisa nyaya dze "hypersexual", uye kunze kwekudzora maitiro epabonde - kwete kunyanyisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekubuda pachena pa internet.

Imwe mibvunzo yemubvunzo yakaitwa nevatsvakurudzi ndeyePCES (Zvinonyadzisira Zvinoshandisa Mhedzisiro), iyo inonzi "psychometric nightmare, ”Uye hapana chikonzero chekutenda inogona kuratidza chero chinhu nezve Internet zvinodhaka zvinodhaka or zvekuita zvepabonde.

Nekudaro, kushomeka kwehukama pakati pekuverengwa kweEEG uye aya emibvunzo hakupi rutsigiro kumhedziso yekudzidza kana zvirevo zvemunyori.

Kwete Pre-Screening: Zvinyorwa zvePrause zvaive zvisati zvatariswa. Yakakodzera kupindwa muropa nehuropi kudzidza kuongorora vanhu vane mamiriro akange aripo (kushushikana, OCD, zvimwe zvinodhaka, nezvimwewo). Iyi ndiyo chete nzira vatsvagiri vane mutoro vanogona kutora mhedzisiro nezve kupindwa muropa. Ona iyo Cambridge kudzidza semuenzaniso wekuongorora kwakakodzera & maitiro.

Vanyengeri vevanyengeri vaive zvakare vasina-kuongororwa kwehupombwe. Maitiro akajairwa ezvidzidzo zvekupindwa muropa ndeyekuongorora zvidzidzo nemuedzo wekupindwa muropa kuitira kuti uenzanise avo vanoyedza kuti vane hutachiwana nevaya vasingadaro. Ava vaongorori havana kuita izvi, kunyangwe hazvo Indaneti inonzi porn-addiction test iripo. Pane kudaro, vatsvakurudzi vakatevedzera Kuita Zvekuita Zvepabonde pashure vatori vechikamu vakanga vasati vasarudzwa. Sezvakatsanangurwa, SCS haisi yakakodzera kune zvinodhaka zvepabonde kana zvevakadzi.

Kushandisa Pornic Porn For Various Subjects: Steele et al. inobvuma kuti sarudzo yayo ye "isina kukwana" porn inogona kunge yakachinja mhedzisiro. Kunyangwe pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera, kusarudzika kwekuyedza porn kunonyengera, sevashandisi vezvinonyadzisira (kunyanya vakapindwa muropa) vanowanzo kwira kuburikidza nezvakawanda zvavanofarira. Mhinduro zhinji kuva nepabonde zvishoma zvepabonde kune mifananidzo yezvinonyadzisira isingafananidzi zvinonyadzisira-du-jour-Kusanganisira mhando dzavakawana dzichimutsa pakutanga mumabasa avo ekuona zvinonyadzisira. Semuenzaniso, zvizhinji zvemazuva ano zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa kuburikidza nemavhidhiyo ane tsanangudzo yakakwirira, uye zvimedu zvinoshandiswa pano zvinogona kusapa mhinduro imwe chete.

Nekudaro, kushandiswa kweiyo generic porn kunogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro. Kana munhu anofarira zvinonyadzisira achitarisira kuona zvinonyadzisira, mubayiro wedunhu redunhu ungangodaro unowedzera. Asi kana iyo porn ikazove mimwe inofinha heterosexual mifananidzo iyo isingaenderane neayo / yake yazvino genre kana ichakamira panzvimbo yeiyo yakakwira-tsananguro mavhidhiyo evatambi, mushandisi anogona kunge asina shoma kana isina mhinduro, kana kunyange aversion. "Chii chaive kuti? "

Izvi zvakafanana nekuyedza iyo cue reactivity yeboka revapindwa muropa nechikafu nekushandira munhu wese chikafu chimwe chete: mbatatisi dzakabikwa. Kana mukwikwidzi akasaitika achida mbatatisi dzakabikwa, haafanire kuve nedambudziko nekudya zvakawandisa, handiti?

Unodhakwa hunodhakwa "huropi kudzidza" hunofanirwa: 1) kuve nehunhu hwakasiyana uye kutonga, 2) kuongorora kumwe kusagadzikana kwepfungwa uye zvimwe zvinodhaka, uye 3) shandisa yakagadziriswa mibvunzo uye mabvunzurudzo kuvimbisa izvo zvidzidzo ndezvipi chaizvo zvinodhaka. Steele et al. hapana kana chimwe cheizvi, asi akagumisa mhedziso uye akazviburitsa pachena.

Kwete Control Group, Asi Kutora Kunodiwa

Vatsvakurudzi havana kuongorora boka rinodzora revasiri-dambudziko vanoshandisa porn. Izvo hazvina kumisa vanyori kuita zvirevo munhau izvo zvaida kuti boka rekutonga rienzanise. Semuyenzaniso:

UCLA press release:

"Kana ivo vachitambura nehupombwe, kana kupindwa muropa nehupombwe, huropi hwavo hunopindirwa nekuona zvinoitika pabonde zvinogona kutarisirwa kunge zvakakwirira, nenzira imwecheteyo sekuti uropi hwevanopindwa muropa necocaine vakaratidzirwa kuita kumifananidzo yechirwere mune zvimwe zvidzidzo. ”

Kukurukurirana kweTV:

Reporter: "Vakaratidzwa mifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana inokwezva, uye huropi hwavo hwakatariswa."

Kunyengetera: "Kana iwe uchifunga kuti matambudziko epabonde kupindwa muropa, isu taizotarisira kuona kunyatsopindura mhinduro, pamwe, kune iyo mifananidzo yepabonde. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti idambudziko rekushushikana, isu tingadai takatarisira kuona kuderera kwemhinduro kune iyo mifananidzo yepabonde. Uye chokwadi chekuti hatina kuona humwe hukama hwacho hunoratidza kuti hapana rutsigiro rwakakura rwekutarisa matambudziko ezvepabonde sekupindwa muropa. "

Muzvokwadi, Steele et al. yakashuma yakakwira P300 kuverenga kweiyo porn mifananidzo pane yekusarerekera mifananidzo Zviri pachena kuti "kunyatsopindura mhinduro“. Kutaurisa pasi pe Psychology Nhasi kubvunzurudzwa yeMunyengetero, psychology purofesa John A. Johnson akati:

"Pfungwa dzangu dzichiri kungopopota pamunyengetero wePrimuse kuti hunyanzvi hwevadzidzi vake hauna kupindura mifananidzo yepabonde sehuropi hwevanopindwa muropa nezvinodhaka vanopindura kumushonga wavo, zvichipiwa kuti vanotaura kuverenga kwepamusoro kweP300 kwemifananidzo yebonde. Kungofanana nevanodhakwa vanoratidza P300 spikes pavanounzwa nemushonga wavo wesarudzo. Aigona sei kutora mhedzisiro iyo inopesana neye chaiyo mhedzisiro? "Ndinofunga zvinogona kuita kufungidzira kwake-izvo zvaaitarisira kuwana."

Muchidimbu, chii chinonzi Prause chakashinga kuparidzira mukati maro mahurukuro evhidhiyo haisi kutsigirwa nemigumisiro. Chimwe chirevo chinobva mubvunzurudzo chaida boka rekutonga:

Mustanski: Chii chaiva chinangwa chekudzidza?

Kunyengetera: Kudzidza kwedu kwakaedzwa kana vanhu vanorondedzera matambudziko akadaro vanoita sevamwe vanokanganisa kubva kuhupi hwavo kupindura kune zvepabonde. Zvidzidzo zvezvinodhakwa zvinodhaka, zvakadai secocaine, zvakaratidza maitiro akafanana ehuropi kumhinduro kumifananidzo yezvinodhaka zvekushungurudzwa, saka takafanotaura kuti tinofanira kuona mufananidzo wakafanana kune vanhu vanorondedzera zvinetso zvepabonde kudai, chaizvoizvo, addiction.

Mhinduro yaPemuse kuna Mustanski inoratidza kuti kudzidza kwake kwakagadzirirwa kuona kana huropi hunopindura mifananidzo yepabonde kune vanhu vanotaura nezvematambudziko epabonde hwakafanana nekupindura kwehuropi kwevashandisi vezvinodhaka pavanosangana nemifananidzo yemushonga wavanodhakwa nawo.

Kuverenga kwechicaine yekudzidza iye anotaura (Dunning, et al., 2011), zvisinei, zvinoratidza kuti zvakagadzirwa naSteele et al. yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo nekudzidza kwaDunning, uye kuti Steele et al. haana kutotarisa rudzi rwemhinduro dzehuropi dzakanyorwa muChidzidzo cheDunning.

Kudzidza kwaDunning kwakashandisa mapoka matatu: 27 vasingawanikidzi vashandisi vekocaine, 28 ikozvino vashandisi vekocaine, uye 29 isingashandisi zvidzidzo zvekutonga. Steele et al. vakashandisa muenzaniso mumwe chete wevanhu: avo avo vakaratidza matambudziko anoronga maonero avo emifananidzo yepabonde. Kunyangwe chidzidzo cheDunning chakakwanisa kuenzanisa mhinduro dzekhocaine zvinokanganisa kuhutano
kudzora, kuongorora kunyoreswa hakuna kuenzanisa mhinduro dzekutsvaga kunetseka neboka rinodzora.

Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana. Chidzidzo cheDunning chakayera mikana yakasiyana-siyana yakakonzerwa nechiitiko (ERPs) muuropi, nokuti tsvakurudzo yapfuura yakaratidza kusiyana kwakakosha mumagariro epfungwa kunoratidzwa muE ERPs. Kudzidza kwaDunning kwakaparadzaniswa zvakananga kare shure kwekusagadzikana (EPN), kufungidzirwa kuratidza kunyatsotarisa kusarura, uye kugona kwenguva refu (LPP), inofungidzirwa kuratidza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinokurudzira. Kudzidza kwaDunning kwakapfuurira kusiyanisa kutanga
chikamu cheLPP, chinofungidzirwa kuti chimirire kutarisa kwekutanga kutorwa, kubva kune imwe nguva chikamu cheLPP, chaifungidzirwa kuratidza kushandiswa kwakasimba. Kusiyanisa iyi ERP dzakasiyana-siyana kunokosha nokuti kusiyana pakati pevasina kumira, vashandisi vemazuva ano, uye kusasashandisa kutonga kunotsamira pane iyo ERP yaive ichiongororwa.

Kusiyana neizvi, Steele et al. akatarisa chete ERP inonzi P300, iyo Dunning inofananidzwa newindo rekutanga reLPP. Nokugamuchirwa kwavo pachavo, Munyengeri uye vashandi vake vanotaura kuti izvi zvingave zvisina kuva nzira yakanakisisa:

“Zvimwe zvinogona kuitika ndezvekuti P300 haisiyo nzvimbo yakanakisa yekuziva hukama nehusimbe. Izvo zvishoma gare gare LPP inoratidzika zvakanyanya kusunganidzwa nekukurudzira."

The upshot ndeyekuti Steele et al. haana kunyatsoongorora whether mhinduro dzehuropi dzevanhu vanotambura pabonde "dzakaratidza maitiro akafanana”Semhinduro dzevanopindwa muropa. Ivo havana kushandisa zvimwe zvakafanana ERP zvinoshandiswa mukudzidza kwecocaine uye havana kushandisa boka risingabvumirwe uye boka rinodzora, saka havafanirwe kunge vakaenzanisa mhedzisiro yavo kuDunning kudzidza vachiti kuenzanisa kwacho kwaive "maapuro nemaapuro."

EEG Technology Kukwana

Chekupedzisira, EEG tekinoroji haigone kuyera mhedzisiro iyo vanotsvaga vanoti inogona. Kunyangwe vaongorori vachisimbirira kuti, "Neural kutarisana nehutano hwepabonde mumuenzaniso wevanonyadzisira vanogona kusiyanisa izvi zvinonzwisisana zviviri zvinokwikwidza zvezviratidzo [uchapupu hwekushaya zvinopesana nechishuwo chepabonde chepamusoro],”Zvirokwazvo hazvigone kuti maEGE anogona kuita izvi zvachose. Kunyangwe tekinoroji yeEEG yanga iriko kwemakore zana, gakava rinoenderera mberi kuti chii chaizvo chinokonzeresa mafungu ehuropi, kana kuverengwa chaiko kweEEG kunonyatsoratidza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mhedzisiro yekuyedza inogona kududzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Maona Brainwashed: The Seductive Appeal of Mindless Neuroscience nokuda kwekukurukurwa kwekuti maEEG angashandiswa sei kusvitsa zvisizvo zvisingaiti.

EEG inoyera basa remagetsi kune kunze kwerhenya, uye zvinodhaka vatsvakurudzi vanoshandisa maEEG kutarisa zviratidzo zvishoma zvakanyanya zvezvinhu zvinodhaka. Somuenzaniso, izvi EEG yakakurumbira kuongorora paIndaneti kuvhiringidzika inoratidza kugona kweInternet-kupindwa muropa neuroscientists kuitisa izvi zviedzo. Ziva kuti vaongorori vanoparadzanisa zvidimbu zvidiki zvezviitwa nehuropi, senge kushushikana, uye dzivisa zvakanyanyisa zvirevo zverudzi rwakagadzirwa pano neSPAN Lab. Ziva zvakare iro rinodzora boka uye pre-kuongorora kwekupindwa muropa, ese ari maviri asipo mune ino SPAN Lab kuedza.

Zvichida vanyori havazive nezve tekinoroji kutadza kusiyanisa pakati pekupindirana kwekuziva maitiro:

"Iyo P300 [EEG chiyero] inozivikanwa uye inowanzo shandiswa kuyera neural reactivity kune emanzwiro, dzimwe nguva zvepabonde, zvinoonekwa zvinooneka. Kukanganisa kwekunongedzera hombe, inononoka ERP chinhu icho chimiro chechimiro chekupindirana kwekuziva maitiro ayo anoteedzera chinhu chakadai. Mumushumo uripo iye zvino, P300 inogona kunge iri, uye ingangoita, kunongedzera kuita kwakawanda kwekuziva. ”

Usambofungisisa kuti, kuburikidza nekubvuma kwavo, P300 inogona kunge isisati iri sarudzo yakanakisisa yeE ERP yekudzidza iyi. Usambofungisisa kuti kuitisa kuongororwa kwenhamba nekuparadzanisa zvikwata kwave kuonekwa sechinetseka kwemazana emakore anopfuura 50, zvakadai kuti zvino zvimwe zvinoshandiswa pakusiyana kwezvikoro zvinowanzoshandiswa (ona http://public.kenan-flagler.unc.edu/faculty/edwardsj/Edwards2001b.pdf). Usambofa wakafunga kuti isu hatinyatso kuziva kuti kukura kweP300 kune mamwe mifananidzo inoenderana nemifananidzo isina kwayakarerekera kunorevei. P300 inosanganisira kutarisisa kune ruzivo rwepfungwa, asi sekubvuma kwaPrause nevamwe vake, havagone kufanotaura kana P300 mukupindura mifananidzo yepabonde yaizokwidziridzwa zvakanyanya kune vanhu vane chishuwo chebonde chakanyanya (nekuti ivo vanonzwa kwakasimba kune dzepabonde mamiriro) kana iyo P300 yaizove yakatsetseka (nekuti vaijairira kumifananidzo yebonde).

Uyewo hazvikwanisi kufanana pakati pekunyanya kukudzwa (yakakwirira P300) inokonzerwa nekukwirirana kwepabonde, kana kukurudzirwa kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nemasimba mafungiro asina kunaka, sekusemesa. Kana iyo tekinoroji yeEEG haigone kutsanangudza pakati peiyo yepamusoro P300 kuverenga kunobva mukumutsa pabonde nekukatyamadza / kushamisika. Kana iyo tekinoroji yeEEG haigone kutitaurira kana mubairo weuropi wedunhu wakagadziriswa kana kwete.

Pane rimwe dambudziko rakakosha pano: Steele et al. inoita kunge inoda kutora imwe / kana kusvika pakuona mifananidzo yepabonde-iyo mhinduro dzeEEG dzinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nechido chebonde kana dambudziko rekurwisa - sekunge dai chishuwo chinogona kupatsanurwa zvachose kubva kumatambudziko ekurwisa. Pane chero munhu angaratidza kuti mhinduro dzeEEG muzvidhakwa kana zvinodhaka zvecocaine zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa zvachose nechishuwo chavo chechinhu chinodhakwa or kune dambudziko ravo rekunyadzisa?

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kuverenga kweEEG. Ko kana chifananidzo chakabatana nemhando yaunoda, asi iyo pornstar inokuyeuchidza nezvemunhu wausingadi / kutya / asina hanya nekuona akashama. Uropi hwako huchave nehukama hunopesana hweakadai erotica. Iyi makakatanwa anogona kunge achinyanya kuitika mune yezvinonyadzisira mifananidzo kupfuura mune kesi, toti, cocaine anoonekwa eupfu nemhino (anoshandiswa pakuyedza cocaine vakapindwa muropa).

Pfungwa ndeyokuti kushamwaridzana kwakawanda nechisimba sekuoma kwakafanana nekuita zvepabonde kunogona nyore nyore kuverenga kuverenga kweEEG.

Zvakare, Steele et al. inofungidzirwa yakakwira maEEG mavhareji anoratidza kukwidziridzwa kwepabonde kwakakwirira, asi zvinyorwa 'EEG zviyero zvaive zvechokwadi pese pamepu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti vamwe vacho vaive vakapindwa muropa uye vamwe vasina? Kana kutarisa zvinonyadzisira zvakavadzima. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa kuverenga kweP300. Funga zvinotevera, kubva imwe P300 kudzidza:

Kunyangwe basa rinokosha reP300 richiri kupikisana1, 2, hukuru hwayo hunoratidza kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa kuitira kuongororwa kwesimba….Yakaderedzwa P300 amplitude yave ichinyorwa mumatambudziko akawanda epfungwa, kusanganisira schizophrenia4, kuora mwoyo5, uye kudhakwa6.

Muchidimbu, fungidziro yemunyori yekuti uropi hwevanopindwa muropa hunoratidza humwe humbowo hwekupindwa muropa kana humbowo hwe "chishuwo chebonde chakakwirira" hachizivikanwe. Asi izvo zvinokonzeresa zvinogadzira muverengi fungidziro yekuti mhedzisiro yechidzidzo ichatiratidza kuti idzi hupombwe dzinoratidza (1) humbowo hwekupindwa muropa kana (2) kuwirirana kwakanaka ne "chishuwo chebonde chakakwirira." Uye zita rechidzidzo rinobva razivisa zvisirizvo "kuda kurara" iye anokunda.

Zvinyorwa zvinonyadziswa nehutano hwekuita

Rimwe dambudziko nedanho rekudzidza nderekuti SPAN Lab inovhiringidza zvine chekuita nezvekupindwa muropa nehunhu pachahwo (hunhu). Muchidzidzo ichi, vaongorori vanoti kuona zvinonyadzisira chinhu, kwete kusiyana nechidhakwa chinoona mufananidzo webhodhoro revodka, uye kuti kuita bonhora ndiko kuita muropa. Izvi hazvisiri izvo.

Kuona zvinonyadzisira, ndizvo izvo vatsvakurudzi vakakumbira nyaya idzi kuti vaite, ndizvo ari kupindwa muropa neinternet zvinodhaka. Vazhinji vashandisi vanoona kunyangwe bonyora isiri sarudzo (semuenzaniso, paunenge uchikwira bhazi, pamakomputa emaraibhurari, kubasa, mumakamuri ekumirira, nezvimwewo). Kuona zvinonyadzisira zvekusimudzira is mufambiro wavo usingadzorwi.

Kusiyana neizvi, chokwadi chechokwadi chevanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira chingave zvinhu zvakadai sekuona mabhukumaki emasaiti avo avanofarira, kunzwa izwi kana kuona chifananidzo chinovayeuchidza nezvevanoda porn fetish kana nyeredzi ye porno, mukana wega weinternet, uye zvichingodaro. Kuti uve nechokwadi, kuona chinoonekwa chinoratidzira fetish kunogona kushanda sechirevo kune mumwe munhu ane chinodhaka kune iyo mhando ye fetish porn, asi pano vaongorori vakashandisa generic porn, kwete porn yakanangana nezvinodiwa zvevanhu.

Iko kufungidzira kuti chidzidzo ichi "chakangofanana" nezvidzidzo zvemushonga, ndeimwe yemafungidziro mazhinji anodedera Steele et al. zvinoita Ramba uchifunga kuti mufananidzo weiyo blackjack tafura haisi kubhejera; mufananidzo wembiya yechando hausi kudya. Kuona zvinonyadzisira, zvakasiyana, is iro rinodhaka. Hapana munhu ane pfungwa ipi zvayo yekuverenga kweEEG fanira Iva nevanotengesa zvinonyadzisira vachiita mubasa ravo rekuita zvepabonde.

Nekukurukura mhedzisiro yavo nekuda kwechokwadi cue tsvagurudzo ine chekuita nezvimwe zvinodhaka, vatsvagiri vanoreva kuti vari kuenzanisa "maapuro nemaapuro." Havasi. Kutanga, imwe yekupindwa muropa nezvidzidzo Steele et al. zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Zvinonyadzisira zvinodhaka hazvisi nyore kuedza mubazi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvatsanangurwa kare. Chechipiri, dhizaini yaSteele et al. rakasiyana zvachose neidzo zvidzidzo zvarinotaura (hapana mapoka ekutonga, nezvimwewo).

Zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi pane cue-reactivity kumifananidzo yepabonde kana mafirimu akajeka anofanirwa kungwarira mukududzira kwavo mhedzisiro. Semuenzaniso kudzikira kwehuropi kupindura kunogona kuratidza kushushikana kana kujairira, pane "kusapindwa muropa".

mhedziso

Chokutanga, munhu anogona kuita nharo yakasimba yokuti chidzidzo ichi hachina kumbobvira chabudiswa. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvidzidzo, mibvunzo inokwanisika yekuongorora kubudiswa kwepaIndaneti kusvuta, kusakosha kwekuongorora maitiro ekubatana, uye kusavapo kweboka rinodzora kwakaguma nemigumisiro isingagoneki.

Chechipiri, kuwirirana kwega - chishuvo chiduku chokurara kwepabonde kunobatana nepamusoro P300 - inoratidza kuti kumwe kushandiswa kwepabonde kunotungamira kune yakakura cue-reactivity (zvishuwo zvekuona zvinonyadzisira), asi chishuwo chidiki chekurara nemunhu chaiye. Ita zvinyoronyoro: Vateereri vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vanoshuva zvinonyadzisira, asi kuda kwavo kuita zvepabonde chaiko kwakaderera pane kune avo vaiona zvishoma. Kwete chaizvo zvakataurwa nemusoro wenyaya kana vanyori vakataura mune vezvenhau (kuti zvimwe zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa zvakabatana nechishuwo chakakwirira "chishuwo chepabonde").

Chechitatu, "zvemuviri" kutsvaga kwe akakwirira P300 paanoratidzwa zvinonyadzisira inoratidza kukurudzirwa (hyper-reactivity kune zvinonyadzisira), iyo inoshandiswa pakuita zvinodhaka.

Chekupedzisira, isu tine vanyori vari kuita zvirevo kune vezvenhau vari makore akareruka kure ne data. Kubva pamisoro yenhau, zviri pachena kuti vatapi venhau vakatenga spin. Izvi zvinonongedzera kune chisina kujeka mamiriro esainzi venhau. Sayenzi blogger uye nhepfenyuro dzinongodzokorora zvavakapihwa Hapana munhu mune vezvenhau akaverenga chidzidzo, akaongorora izvo chokwadi, kana kukumbira rechipiri pfungwa kubva kune chairo kupindwa muropa neuroscientists Kana iwe uchida kusimudzira imwe ajenda, zvese zvaunoda kuti uite kurongedza zvine hungwaru kuburitswa. Izvo hazvina basa kuti chii chawakawana chaicho chawakadzidza, kana kuti nzira yako yakakanganisa inogona kungogadzira iyo jumbled data saladi.

Uyewo ona zvinyorwa zvekudzidza kumwechete:

Zvakafanana naSteele et al, wechipiri SPAN Lab kudzidza kubva ku2013 yakawana mutsauko wakakura pakati pevatongi uye "vanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" - "Hapana Uchapupu Hwekutambudzika Kushungurudzika mu "Hypersexuals" Kuudza Maitiro Avo Kumutambo Wechirwere (2013). ” Sezvatsanangurwa mu this critique, zita racho rinovanza zvakawanikwa zvacho. Muchokwadi, "vanopindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" vaive zvishoma manzwiro emanzwiro kana achienzaniswa nemasimba. Izvi hazvishamisi sevakawanda Vanonyadzisira vanopupurira vanopedzisira vachinzwa manzwiro uye manzwiro. Vanyori vakapembedza zita iri nekutaura kuti vaitarisira "mhinduro huru", asi havana kupa chirevo che "tarisiro" iyi inokatyamadza. Chinyorwa chakanyatsojeka chingadai chiri: "Vaya vanoona zvakaoma kutarisa kushandiswa kwavo kwepabonde vanoratidza kuderera kwepfungwa kune mafirimu epabonde“. Vakanga vasina hanya

ona Zvinopokana & Zvinotsausa Zvidzidzo pamapepanhau akaparidzirwa zvikuru izvo zvisiri izvo zvavanoti ndizvo.