Feto-fetoha liphetoho ka mor'a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho Internet li amahanngoa le matšoao a Internet-sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa-sheba ho hloka taolo (2016)

Litlaleho tsa Maiketsetso a tloaelehileng

E fumaneha Inthaneteng 8 December 2016

Mona Laier ^a^,,,
Matthias Brand ^a^,^b

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2016.11.003

Lintlha-khōlō Tsa

Ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa maikutlo le takatso ea botona le botšehali pele le kamora ts'ebeliso e litšila ea inthanete ea bootsoa Inthaneteng tikolohong ea boinotšing
Ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho ne ho amana le liphetoho maikutlong le matšoao a ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali
Mood pele le ka mor'a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso inthaneteng hammoho le liphetoho tse bang teng maikutlong li ne li amahanngoa le matšoao a ho se sebetse hantle ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng

inahaneloang

Internet-litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro-ho sheba bothata (IPD) ho nkuoa e le mofuta o le mong oa bothata ba ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang. Bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea IPD, ho ne ho nahanoa hore tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete ho sebetsana le maikutlo a sithabetsang kapa khatello ea maikutlo e ka nkuoa e le kotsi. Ho sebetsana le litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete maikutlong, ho ile ha etsoa thuto ea inthanete e nang le lintlha tse tharo tsa ho lekanya le mohlala oa banna ba nkang karolo. Barupeluoa ba ile ba batlisisoa mabapi le litloaelo tsa bona tsa IPD, ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng, maikutlo a akaretsang, khatello ea maikutlo, le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete li sebelisa tšusumetso. Ho feta moo, barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa mabapi le maikutlo a bona a hona joale, ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano, mme ba hloka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali pele le ho li latela ba shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete ka boikemelo tikolohong ea lekunutu. Boitsebiso bo bontšitse hore litloaelo tsa IPD li ne li amahanngoa hampe le ho ikutloa o le motle, o tsohile, o khobile matšoafo ebile o na le khatello ea kelello bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng bakeng sa ho batla nyakallo le ho qoba maikutlo. Tšebeliso e ikemetseng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete tikolohong ea lekunutu e ne e tsamaisana le liphetoho maikutlong le lits'oants'o tsa tsoho ea thobalano. Ho feta moo, litloaelo tsa IPD li ne li amana hampe le maikutlo pele le kamora Internet-litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa hape le keketseho ea 'nete ea maikutlo a matle le khutso. Liphetho li bonts'itse litlamorao tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete ka maikutlo le ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano e ka nkuoang e na le litlamorao tse matlafatsang ho mosebelisi. Kahoo, liphetho li tsamaellana le likhopolo-taba tsa kholo ea kholo ea IPD, moo matlafatso a nepahetseng (le a mabe) a amoheloang ke ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a amanang le ho ts'oaroa le ho ts'oaroa hoa takatso.

Keywords

Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete
Tlatsetso;
Mongobo;
Ho tsosoa ka thobalano

1. Selelekela

Litlamorao le tse mpe tse hlahisoang ke ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro marang-rang li buisanoa ka ngangisano (Campbell le Kohut, 2016, Grubbs et al., 2016, Hald le Malamuth, 2008, Harkness et al., 2015, Peter le Valkenburg, 2014, Shaughnessy et al., 2014 'me Stanley et al., 2016). Ho totobetse hore batho ba bang ba tlaleha tahlehelo ea taolo mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, e atisang ho tsamaisoa le ho eketseha ha linako le litlamorao tse mpe maemong a 'maloa a bophelo, joalo ka sekolo / mosuoe / ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi.Duffy et al., 2016, Griffiths, 2012 'me Wéry le Billieux, 2015). Mokhoa o lemalloang oa boitšoaro ba thobalano o ntse o phehisanoa (Potenza, 2014), empa bafuputsi ba bangata ba pheha khang ea hore ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le boitšoaro bo bobe ba botona le botšehali ho ka nkuoa e le lemallo (Brand et al., 2014, Garcia le Thibaut, 2010, Kraus et al., 2016 'me Rata et al., 2015). Le ha ba bang ba pheha khang ea hore ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka inthanete e ka ba mokhoa o itseng oa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate kapa ho ba le moea o mongata (Garcia le Thibaut, 2010 'me Kafka, 2015), ba bang ba pheha khang ea hore e lokela ho khethoa e le mofuta o itseng oa tahi ea inthanete (Laier le Brand, 2014 'me E monyenyane, 2008). Ka sebele litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ile tsa bontšoa e le ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang e kotsing ea ho theha tšebeliso ea tšebeliso ea tšebeliso e mpe (Meerkerk, van den Eijnden, le Garretsen, 2006). Ka lebaka la puisano e tsoelang pele mabapi le phenomenology ea rona re sebelisa poleloana ea Internet-pontso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (IPD) ka papiso e amanang le taolo ea lipapali tsa marang-rang e sebelisitsoeng ho DSM-5 (APA, 2013). Kaha ha ho na tumellano ka mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea IPD, ho ata hoa ketsahalo ena ho ka hakantsoe feela. Phuputso e le 'ngoe e ile ea hlahloba moemeli oa Sweden bakeng sa Sweden' me ea fumana 2% ea basali le 5% ea barupeluoa ba batona ba tlalehang matšoao a IPD (Ross, Månsson, & Daneback, 2012).

Mabapi le nts'etsopele ea IPD ho ile ha phetoa khang ea hore litšobotsi tsa mahareng (mohlala, litlamorao tse matlafatsang, ho se tsejoe, ho fumaneha), li kenya letsoho tšusumetso ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Cooper, Delmonico, Griffin-Shelley, & Mathy, 2004). Mabapi le litšoaneleho tsa basebelisi, ho ile ha phehisanoa hore batho ka bomong ba ka rereloa nts'etsopele ea matšoao a IPD ka litšobotsi tsa motho (mohlala, thabo e phahameng ea thobalano) le hore litšobotsi tsena li tsamaisana le maikutlo a amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (mohlala, ts'ebeliso e ntle ea ts'ebeliso ea nako eo. ) ((Laier & Brand, 2014). Ka lebaka la litlamorao tse matlafatsang mabapi le khotsofalo ea thobalano ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, lits'ebetso tsa maemo li lokela ho lebisa nts'etsopele ea ho etsa lintho hape ho fella ka litakatso tsa maikutlo a amanang le bokhoba ba kahare kapa kantle bo amanang le bokhoba. Bopaki ba karolo ea bohlokoa ea maikutlo a ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali bakeng sa IPD bo bontšitsoe lithutong tse 'maloa (Brand et al., 2011, Laier et al., 2013, Laier et al., 2014, Laier et al., 2015, Rosenberg le Kraus, 2014 'me Snagowski et al., 2015). Liphumano tsena li lumellana le monahano oa hore haholo batho bao ba tloaetse ho nts'etsapele IPD ba sebelisang tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho sebetsana le maikutlo a sithabetsang kapa khatello ea maikutlo (Cooper, Putnam, Planchon, & Boies, 1999). Khopolo ena e boetse e bontšitsoe mofuteng oa I-PACE oa tšebeliso e itseng ea marang-rang (I-PACE e emetse ts'ebelisano ea Motho-Motho ea Phelang-Polao) (Brand, Young, Laier, Wolfling, & Potenza, 2016). Khopolo e 'ngoe ea mohlala ke hore maikutlo a hajoale a ka susumetsa qeto ea ho sebelisa ts'ebeliso e itseng ea inthanete (mohlala, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete) le hore litlamorao tse fumanoang ka ts'ebeliso e itseng li lokela ho tiisa likhopolo tse amanang le inthanete. Ntle le moo, mohopolo le tebello ea hore ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang e na le thuso ho sebetsana le khatello ea maikutlo kapa maikutlo a sa tloaelehang le eona e nkoa e matlafatsoa le mokhoa o akaretsang oa ho se sebetse hantle oa ho sebetsana le ona. Litšobotsi tsa botho le matšoao a psychopathological a kanna a tsitsa kapa a matlafatsoa ke liphihlelo tse kahare ho ts'ebetso ea bokhoba. Leha ho sebetsana le mathata a sa sebetseng hantle ho bontšitsoe hore ho amana le IPD (Laier & Brand, 2014), karolo ea phetoho ea maikutlo le maikutlo a hajoale kamora ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro marang-rang bakeng sa matšoao a IPD ha e so ho hlahlojoe ho fihlela joale. Morero oa thuto e ne e le ho kenya letsoho ho tlatselletsa lekhalo lena la lipatlisiso ka ho sebetsana le methati e latelang ea batho ba tloaetseng ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng: 1.) Litloaelo mabapi le IPD li amana le maikutlo le khatello ea kelello, 2. e amanang le maikutlo a hona joale le takatso ea thobalano pele le kamora ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng, 3.) Litloaelo mabapi le IPD li amana le liphetoho tsa maikutlo le takatso ea botona kapa botšehali ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng, le 4. Kamano lipakeng tsa tšekamelo ea IPD le tšusumetso ea ho e sebelisa Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete li lekanyetsoa ka ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali e fumanoang ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho sebetsana le li-hypotheses tsena, ho ile ha etsoa thuto ea inthanete e nang le lintlha tse tharo tsa ho lekanya.

2. Boitsebiso le mekhoa

2.1. Tsamaiso

Barupeluoa ba ile ba hapuoa ka lenane la mangolo-tsoibila, liwebosaete tsa marang-rang, le lipapatso Univesithing ea Duisburg-Essen (Jeremane). Tlhaloso e bonts'itse pepeneneng hore thuto ea inthanete e lekola tšebeliso ea marang-rang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le hore ke banna feela ba memiloeng ho nka karolo. Batho ka bomong ba ratang ho nka karolo ba ile ba botsoa ho araba memo ka lengolo-tsoibila mme ba tsebisoa ka tlhaloso e qaqileng ea thuto. Phuputso e hlahisitsoe e le tlhahlobo e nang le lintlha tse tharo tsa ho lekanya. Karolong ea pele, barupeluoa ba fane ka leseli ka mefuta-futa ea sechaba le batho, tšebeliso ea marang-rang bakeng sa boitšoaro bo susumetsoang ka thobalano, khatello e lemohileng, le matšoao a IPD (t1). Ho ile ha hlalosetsoa barupeluoa hore haeba ba ka ikemisetsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete tikolohong e ikemetseng nakong e tlang, ba tla botsoa ho araba lipotso mabapi le maikutlo a bona a hona joale le takatso ea thobalano pele (ntlha ea bobeli ea ho lekanya, t2) le kamora (ntlha ea boraro ea ho lekanya, t3). Kamora hore barupeluoa ba fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng ba fane ka li-tokens ho tsamaisana le lintlha tsa bona ho lintlha tse lekanyang. Baithaopi bohle ba ile ba memeloa ho nka karolo lothong ea ho hapa litefiso tse ngata ho tsoa ho BestChoice (lipapatso tsa 3 á 50 €, litefello tsa 5 á 20 €, likhetho tsa 5 á 10 €). Lintlha li ile tsa hlahlojoa hore na lia utloahala ebile ha ho mathata a ileng a bonoa. Boithuto bona bo amohetsoe ke komiti ea boitšoaro ea lehae.

2.2. Barupeluoa

Mohlala ona o ne o le banna ba 80 (M_dilemo = Lilemo tse 26.41, SD = 6.23, moeli: 18-55). Thuto e bolelang e ne e le lilemo tse 12.90 (SD = 0.45), batho ba 43 (53.8%) ba bontšitsoeng ba na le molekane. Batho ba mashome a mane a metso e robong ba itlhalosa e le "batho ba bong bo fapaneng", 12 e le "bong bo fapaneng", 5 e le "bong bo fapaneng", 2 e le "bosodoma" mme ba 12 e le "basodoma". Palo ea bankakarolo ba sebelisang lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng tsa inthanete tse susumetsoang ke thobalano le nako e boletsoeng e sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsena e bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo 1. Barupeluoa ba mashome a tšeletseng a metso e tšeletseng ba qetile tlhahlobo eo t2 le t3. Lilemo tse bolelang hore subsource ena e ne e le 25.91 (SD = 5.43). Batho bohle ba subsample ba bonts'itse ho sebelisa lits'ebetso tsa cybersex khafetsa.

Tafole 1.

Tlhaloso ea mehlala ea liketso tsa thobalano. Lintho tse ngata le liphapang tse tloaelehileng li bua ka nako (min / beke) eo u e sebelisang ho sebelisa ts'ebeliso e itseng ea cybersex.

	n	M	SD
Litšoantšo tse bonolo	55	28.96	45.04
Livideo tse bonolo	26	20.03	30.81
Litšoantšo tse thata	55	46.01	61.89
Livideo tse thata	75	116.15	171.66
Lipuisano tsa botona le botšehali	12	71.96	131.38
Thobalano ka Webcam	4	185.45	154.08
Lipontšo tsa botona le botšehali	7	32.20	37.35

Hlokomela. Ka kopo ela hloko palo ea barupeluoa ba sebelisang e le 'ngoe (n = 8), tse peli (n = 14), tse tharo (n = 8), tse 'ne (n = 25), tse hlano (n = 12), tse tšeletseng (n = 10), kapa tse supileng (n = 3) ea lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng tsa cybersex. Lintho tsohle tse bolelang le ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng ho bua feela ka batho ba sebelisang ts'ebeliso e itseng ea cybersex beke le beke.

Litlhahlobo tsa lipapali

2.3. Lipotso

At t1, matšoao a IPD, maikutlo a akaretsang, khatello ea maikutlo, le inthanete-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa tšusumetso li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Mekhoa e lebisang ho IPD e ile ea lekanyetsoa ka mofuta o khuts'oane oa Internet Addiction Test o fetotsoeng bakeng sa thobalano (s-IATsex, Cronbach's α = 0.83) ( Laier et al., 2013 'me Wéry et al., 2015), e nang le lihlapiso tse peli "tahlehelo ea taolo / taolo ea nako" (s-IATsex-1) le "mathata a sechaba / takatso" (s-IATsex-2). Lintho tse leshome le metso e 'meli li ile tsa arajoa ka sekala ho tloha 1 (= ha ho mohla) ho isa ho 5 (= khafetsa), tse akaretsoeng lintlha kaofela ka lintlha tse phahameng tse emelang tloaelo e phahameng kapa matšoao a phahameng a IPD, ka ho latellana. Maikutlo a akaretsang a ile a hlahlojoa ka Lenaneo la Lipotso la Multidimensional Mood State (MDMQ, Cronbach's α = 0.94) (Steyer, Schwenkmezger, Notz, & Eid, 1997). Lintho tse mashome a mabeli a metso e mene li ile tsa arajoa ka sekala ho tloha 1 (= ha ho joalo) 5 (= haholo), mme li bolela litefiso tse ngata tsa "good-bad" (MDMQ-good), "tired-tired" (MDMQ-woke) , le "calm-nervous" (MDMQ-calm) li baliloe. Lintlha tse phahameng li emela botle ho feta bobe, ho fapana le ho khathala ho e-na le ho khathala, hape ho e-na le khutso ho fapana le ho tšoha. Lenaneo la Ts'ebeliso ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa (PCI, Cronbach's α = 0.83) e ne e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya likarolo tse 'ne tse susumetsang bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Reid, Li, Gilliland, Stein, & Fong, 2011). Lintho tse leshome le metso e mehlano li ile tsa arajoa ka sekala ho tloha 1 (= le ka mohla ha ke nthate) ho isa ho 5 (= khafetsa joalo ka nna), mme li bolela lintlha tsa "subspirations" tsa "qoba" maikutlo (PCI-EA), "Curiosity of Sexual" (PCI-SC) , "Ho Batla Nyakallo" (PCI-ES), le "Monate oa Thobalano" (PCI-SP) ho ile ha baloa. Lintlha tse phahameng li emela tšusumetso e matla bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Ho bontša ho ba tlokotsing ea khatello ea maikutlo, mofuta oa tlhahlobo ea Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS, Cronbach's α = 0.92) e sebelisitsoe (Schulz, Schlotz, & Becker, 2004). Lenane la lipotso le kopa ho tsebahatsa khatello ea maikutlo likhoeling tse tharo tse fetileng ka lintho tse leshome le metso e 'meli tse lokelang ho arajoa ka sekala ho tloha 0 (= ha ho mohla) ho (= khafetsa). Kakaretso ea lintlha e ile ea baloa. Lintlha tse phahameng li emela khatello e phahameng ea maikutlo. Tumellanong le lithuto tse fetileng ( Laier et al., 2014 'me Laier et al., 2015), batho ba ile ba botsoa hore na ba sebelisa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng tsa inthanete tse nang le karabo ea "e / che". Haeba ho joalo, re ile ra botsa hore na (“ka tlase ho hanngoe ka selemo”), “hanngoe ka selemo le ka tlase ho hanngoe ka khoeli”, “bonyane hanngoe ka khoeli le ka tlase ho beke e le 'ngoe”, “bonyane hanngoe ka beke le ka tlase ho hanngoe ka letsatsi ”," bonyane hanngoe ka letsatsi ") le hore na ba sebelisa ts'ebetso ea" cybersex "ka nako e kae” Lipalo tse ngata tsa beke e sebelisitsoeng beke ka 'ngoe ka metsotso e le ngoe le e' ngoe ea ts'ebeliso ea cybersex li ne li thathamisitsoe.

At t2 le t3, re ile ra lekola maikutlo a hajoale le ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano pele le kamora ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete. Ka hona, re fetotse taelo ea MDMQ ho tloha "Ka kakaretso ke ikutloa ..." ho "Hona joale, ke ikutloa…" mme ra kopa barupeluoa ho araba lipotso ho t2 (Cronbach's α = 0.91) le ho t3 (Cronbach's α = 0.93). Re lekantse hore MDMQ-e ntle, MDMQ e tsohile ebile e khutsitse ho MDMQ t2 le t3. Ho feta moo, lintlha tsa "delta" (t3 ”-“t2 ”) li ne li lekantsoe ho bontša keketseho ea maikutlo a matle (Δ-ntle), maikutlo a tsohileng (Δ-falimehile), le moea o khutsitseng (Δ-calm). Lintlha tse phahameng li emela keketseho e matla boikutlong bo botle, bo tsohileng kapa bo khutsitseng. E le lits'oants'o tsa ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano, barupeluoa ba bonts'itse ho tsoha ha bona ka thobalano ka sekhahla ho tloha 0 = "ba sa tsosoe ka thobalano" ho 100 = "ba tsohile haholo ka thobalano" ekasitana le tlhoko ea bona ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho tloha 0 = "ho hloka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali" ho 100 = "Tlhoko e matla haholo ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali" ho t2 le t3. Ho bolela lintlha ho t2 le tHo ne ho baloa 3, lintlha tse phahameng li emela takatso e matla ea thobalano kapa tlhoko ea ho ipholla litho. Linepe tse peli li bolela Delta ("t2 ”-“t3 ”) li ne li lekantsoe ho bontša phokotso ea ts'oaetso ea thobalano (Δ-thobalano e tsosang takatso) le phokotso ea tlhoko ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali (Δ-hloka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali). Lintlha tse phahameng li emela phokotso e matla ea ho tsoha le thobalano le tlhoko ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. Ho feta moo, barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa hore na ba kile ba ba le bothata bo le bong kapa ho feta le hore na ba bone khotsofalo e kae (sekala ho tloha ho 0 = "ha se khotsofatse ho hang" ho 100 = "e khotsofatsang haholo"). Khotsofalo eo ba e bonang e sebelisitsoe e le sesupo sa khotsofalo ("khotsofalo ea thobalano").

3. Liphetho

Liphetho tse hlalosang tsa lipotso li hlahisoa ho Lethathamo 2. Palo-kakaretso ea s-IATsex e ne e le 21.09 (SD = 0.69, moeli: 12-42). S-IATsex e hokahane haholo le MDMQ-ntle (r = - 0.32, p = 0.004), MDMQ-tsoha (r = - 0.29, p = 0.009), khutso ea MDMQ (r = - 0.30, p = 0.007), PCI-EA (r = 0.48, p <0.001), PCI-ES (r = 0.40, p <0.001), le TICS (r = 0.36, p ≤ 0.001). S-IATsex e ne e sa amane haholo le PCI-SC (r = 0.01, p = 0.91) le PCI-SP (r = 0.02, p = 0.85).

Tafole 2.

Lintlha tse hlalosang tsa lipotso tse hlahlobiloeng ho t1.

N = 80	M	SD
s-IATsex-1	11.47	4.69
s-IATsex-2	9.61	3.21
MDMQ-hantle	3.89	0.88
MDMQ-e tsohile	3.43	0.80
MDMQ-khutsa	3.56	0.78
PCI-EA	2.19	1.08
PCI-SC	2.52	0.94
PCI-SE	2.62	0.95
PCI-SP	4.08	0.71
LITLHAKISO	1.41	0.87

Litlhahlobo tsa lipapali

Ho tsoa sethaleng sa barupeluoa ba 66 ba qetileng le tlhahlobo ho t2 le t3, 65 e bontšitse hore ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang ho tsamaisana le ho ipholla litho. Ho feta moo, 61 ea barupeluoa ba bile le bonyane orgasm e le 'ngoe ha ba ntse ba shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho ipholla litho. Batho ba bararo ba bonts'itse hore ba na le liphihlelo tse peli, 'me batho ba babeli ba bontšitse hore ba bile le li-orgasms tse tharo (M = 1.11, SD = 0.41). Batho bao ba bane ba tlalehiloeng hore ha ba na boiphihlelo ba bongoli ha ba kenyelelitsoe tlhahlobisong e ngoe. Mohlala o setseng oa barupeluoa ba 61, lintlha tse bolelang tsa kakaretso ea s-IATsex e ne e le M = 20.59, SD = 6.59. Lintlha tse bolelang tsa s-IATsex-1 e ne e le M = 11.12 (SD = 4.70), lintlha tse bolelang tsa s-IATsex-2 e ne e le M = 9.39 (SD = 2.79). Ho bolela lintho tse ngata tse ntle tsa MDMQ, tsoho ea MDMQ, khutso ea MDMQ, tsoho ea thobalano le tlhoko ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. t2 le t3 hammoho le liphetho tsa tLiteko tsa lisampole tse itšetlehileng ka tsona li hlahisoa Lethathamo 3.

Tafole 3.

Liphetho tse hlalosang tsa lipotso tse lekantsoeng ho t2 le t3 hammoho le liphetho tsa tLiteko tsa mefuta-futa tse itšetlehileng.

N = 61	t1		t2		t	p	d^a
N = 61	M	SD	M	SD	t	p	d^a
MDMQ-hantle	3.91	0.90	4.14	0.77	3.22	0.002^⁎⁎	0.18
MDMQ-e tsohile	3.06	0.12	3.19	0.93	1.61	0.11	0.13
MDMQ-khutsa	3.74	0.85	4.20	0.56	5.23	<0.001^⁎⁎	0.60
Ho tsosoa ka thobalano	51.69	26.19	27.69	27.44	4.88	<0.001^⁎⁎	0.89
Tlhokahalo ea ho ipholla litho	75.67	23.24	7.61	17.35	20.38	<0.001^⁎⁎	3.30

Cohen's d disampole tse its'epahalletseng.

⁎⁎

p ≤ 0.01.

Litlhahlobo tsa lipapali

Ka karolelano, ho fokotseha ha maikutlo a ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa botšehali ho ne ho le teng M = 24.00 (SD = 38.42), phokotso ea tlhoko ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali (Δ-hloka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali) e ne e le M = 68.06 (SD = 26.08). Ha u tlosa t2 ho tloha t3, keketseho ea moea o motle (Δ-good) e ne e le M = 0.23 (SD = 0.54), keketseho ea maikutlo a tsohileng (Δ-woke) e ne e le M = 0.12 (SD = 0.59), mme keketseho ea maikutlo a khutsitseng (Δ-khutso) e ne e le teng M = 0.45 (SD = 0.68). Pearson-likamano lipakeng tsa lipalo tsa s-IATsex le lits'oants'o tsa tsoho ea thobalano le maikutlo ho t2 le t3 li bonts'itsoe Lethathamo 4.

Tafole 4.

Litlamorao tsa pearson tsa matšoao a bonyatsi a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka inthanete le matšoao a ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano le maikutlo a teng pele (t2) le ho latela (t3) ho shebella inthanete maemong a poraefete.

N = 61	s-IATsex	s-IATsex-1	s-IATsex-2
t1
Ho tsosoa ka thobalano	0.13	0.16	0.02
Tlhokahalo ea ho ipholla litho	- 0.01	- 0.03	0.02
t2
Ho tsosoa ka thobalano	- 0.11	- 0.12	- 0.06
Tlhokahalo ea ho ipholla litho	- 0.06	0.06	- 0.25^⁎
Δ Likamano tsa botona le botšehali	0.16	0.19	0.06
Need -Ke hloka ho ipholla litho	0.03	- 0.07	0.19
t1
MDMQ-hantle	- 0.40^⁎	- 0.40^⁎⁎	- 0.27^⁎
MDMQ-e tsohile	- 0.23	- 0.23	- 0.17
MDMQ-khutsa	- 0.41^⁎⁎	- 0.44^⁎⁎	- 0.23
t2
MDMQ-hantle	- 0.32^⁎	- 0.28^⁎	- 0.29^⁎
MDMQ-e tsohile	- 0.14	- 0.07	- 0.22
MDMQ-khutsa	- 0.35^⁎⁎	- 0.30^⁎	- 0.33^⁎⁎
Δ-E hantle	0.21	0.27^⁎	0.04
Alm Khafetsa	0.14	0.24	- 0.09
Alm Khafetsa	0.22	0.31^⁎	0.02

⁎

p ≤ 0.05 (khokahano e fapane haholo le zero le alpha = 5%, e mohatla o moholo).

⁎⁎

p ≤ 0.01 (khokahano e fapane haholo le zero le alpha = 1%, e mohatla o moholo).

Litlhahlobo tsa lipapali

Ho lekola litšebelisano lipakeng tsa mabaka a susumetsang le liphetoho tsa matšoao a ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa botšehali ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ho noha litabatabelo mabapi le IPD, re balile tlhahlobo ea maemo a boemo bo holimo le mefuta e meng e boletsoeng esale pele (Cohen, Cohen, Bophirimela, & Aiken, 2003). Sekalo sa kakaretso ea s-IATsex e ne e le phapang e fapaneng. Boemong ba pele, PCI-ES e hlalositse 8.90% ea s-IATsex, F(1, 59) = 5.79, p = 0.02. Ho eketsa khotsofalo ea thobalano (khotsofalo e lemohuoang ke setho) mohatong oa bobeli, phapang ha ea ka ea eketseha haholo, liphetoho ho R² = 0.006, liphetoho ho F(1, 58) = 0.36, p = 0.55. Ha o kena tšebelisanong ea PCI-SE le ho ikhotsofatsa ka thobalano, tlhaloso ea s-IATsex e eketsehile haholo, e fetoha R² = 0.075, liphetoho ho F(1, 57) = 5.14, p = 0.03. Tlhaloso e akaretsang ea s-IATsex ka lihlahlobi tse tharo e ile ea lula e le bohlokoa (R² = 0.17, F(3, 57) = 3.89, p = 0.01). Bakeng sa litekanyetso tse ling, bona Lethathamo 5.

Tafole 5.

Tlhahlobo ea boemo bo phahameng ba tsamaiso ea Hierarchical ka lintlha tsa s-IATsex e le phapang e lekantsoeng.

	β	T	p
Litlamorao tse kholo "PCI-ES"	0.32	2.61	0.01
“Ho khotsofatsa ka ho kopanela liphate”	0.16	1.26	0.21
"PCI-ES × ho ikhotsofatsa ka thobalano"	0.29	- 2.27	0.02

Litlhahlobo tsa lipapali

Ka lebaka la tšebelisano e kholo ea ts'ebelisano ea PCI-ES le khotsofalo ea thobalano, re ile ra sekaseka matsoapo a bonolo ho sebetsana le phello ea boitaolo ka botlalo. Sethala sa moeli oa "regression" se emelang "litakatso tse tlase tsa thobalano" (tekanyetso e thehiloeng ho khatello ea lithuto bakeng sa sehlooho sa pele SD ka tlase ho se boleloang ke sehlopha) e ne e fapane haholo le zero (t = 3.67, p = 0.001). Moepa oa khatello ea mohala o emelang "ho tsosa takatso e phahameng ea thobalano" (tekanyetso e thehiloeng ho khatello ea maikutlo bakeng sa lithuto tse le 'ngoe SD kaholimo ho se boleloang ke sehlopha) e ne e sa fapana haholo le zero (t = 0.48, p = 0.64). Sena se bontša hore kakaretso ea s-IATsex e ne e phahame haeba batho ba ne ba na le tšusumetso e matla ea ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro inthaneteng ho batla nyakallo ntle le hore na khotsofalo ea thobalano e ne e phahame kapa e tlase (bona Feie. 1).

Setšoantšo sa 1.

Pontšo ea tlhahlobo e lekanyelitsoeng ea regression eo ho eona palo ea kakaretso ea s-IATsex e neng e itšetleha ka phapang. Batho ba nang le boits'oaro bo phahameng ba thobalano ha ba shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ba ile ba iphahamisa holimo ho s-IATsex ntle le ts'usumetso ea bona ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng. Batho ba amohetseng likamano tsa botona le botšehali ba phahameng ba ile ba ipona ba le holimo ho s-IATsex haeba ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ka thabo.

Mokhoa oa ho khetha

4. Puisano

4.1. Liphetho tse akaretsang

Liphetho tsa mantlha tsa boithuto ke hore litloaelo tsa IPD li ne li amahanngoa hampe le ho ikutloa o le motle, o tsohile, o khobile matšoafo hape o na le khatello ea kelello bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi le ts'usumetso ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete mabapi le ho batla nyakallo le ho qoba maikutlo. Ho feta moo, ho bonts'itsoe hore ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ka boikemelo boinotšing ho ne ho sa tsamaee ka mokhoa o makatsang ke phokotso e matla ea ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano le tlhoko ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, empa hape le keketseho ea maikutlo a ho ikutloa o le betere, o tsohile hape o khutsitse. Ntle le moo, litloaelo tsa IPD li ne li amana hampe le maikutlo pele le kamora ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng le keketseho ea 'nete ea khutso le khutso. Kamano pakeng tsa litloaelo tsa IPD le thabo e batlang ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ile ea lekanyetsoa ke tlhahlobo ea khotsofalo e nang le boiphihlelo. Ka kakaretso, liphetho tsa boithuto li tsamaellana le khopolo-taba ea hore IPD e hokahane le tšusumetso ea ho fumana khotsofalo ea thobalano le ho qoba kapa ho sebetsana ka katleho le maikutlo a ferekanyang le mohopolo oa hore maikutlo a fetoha ka mor'a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a hokahane le IPD (Cooper et al., 1999 'me Laier le Brand, 2014).

E ne e ngotsoe pejana hore ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ho sebetsana ka katleho le maikutlo a sithabetsang kapa khatello ea maikutlo e ka nkoa e le sesosa sa kotsi ea ho nts'etsapele IPD (Cooper et al., 1999). Kaha re fuputse sampole eo e seng ea bongaka, liphetho tse hlalosang li bontša hore batho bana ba tlaleha boholo ba matšoao a matla a IPD, khatello ea maikutlo le boemo bo botle ba kakaretso. Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka ha ho lebelletsoe, ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ho lebisa ho nyakallo le ho fokotseha ha maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate, esita le sampole eo e seng ea bongaka. Liphetho tse khahlano le IPD li ne li amahantsoe hampe le maikutlo pele le kamora ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse ts'oereng marang-rang le litšoantšo tse nepahetseng tse lumellanang le liphetoho tse tsamaisanang le maikutlo li tsamaellana le sehokela sa hypothesised ea ho se sebetse hantle le IPD (Cooper et al., 1999). Kameho ea ts'ebetso e sa sebetseng bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea IPD e boetse e totobalitsoe mohlaleng oa morao-rao oa I-PACE (Brand, Bacha, Laier, Wolfing, et al., 2016). Moetso oa I-PACE o nka hore batho ba nang le litšobotsi tse 'maloa tse ka rerang pele ba ka iphumana ba le maemong ao ba ikutloang ba imetsoe kelellong, ba nang le likhohlano tsa botho, kapa ba ikutloa ba sa tloaeleha. Sena se lokela ho lebisa likarabong tse amang maikutlo, mohlala, tlhoko ea taolo ea maikutlo le qeto ea ho sebelisa ts'ebeliso e itseng ea inthanete joalo ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete. Khopolo ke hore khotsofalo e fumanoang ke Marang-rang ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e matlafatsa mokhoa o sebelisitsoeng oa ho sebetsana, empa ho feta moo sepheo se ikhethileng sa ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le khethollo ea inthanete e amanang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Tšebelisano ea sepheo se ikhethileng sa ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete le khotsofalo eo ho nahanoang hore e teng bakeng sa ho hlalosa matšoao a IPD e emeloa pusong e lekantsoeng, moo kamano lipakeng tsa tšusumetso ea inthanete-litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisang ka lebaka la ho batla thabo le matšoao a IPD ho ne ho lekantsoe ke tekolo ea khotsofalo e nang le boiphihlelo. Batho ba nang le thabo e tlase ba batlang ka lebaka la litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete ba sebelisa le khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano ba tlaleha litloaelo tse tlase ho IPD. Leha ho le joalo, batho ka bomong ba ile ba phahamisa matšoao a IPD haeba ba ne ba e-na le tšusumetso e matla ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng mabapi le thabo e batlang ho ikemela ho sa natsoe hore na ba hlile ba bona ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete e le tse khahlisang kapa che. Sephetho sena se kanna sa amana le mohopolo o mong oa mofuta oa I-PACE, e leng ho lemalla ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng ho lokela ho lebisa ho khotsofatseng ka nako e khuts'oane, empa batho ba bang ba kotsing ea ho fetoha ho tloha ho khotsofatsong ho ea ho matšeliso joalo ka lemalla selikalikoe se tsoela pele ho lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea ho ts'oara-ho ts'oara le ho lakatsa le ho fokotseha ha taolo ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litlamorao tse mpe bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi (Brand, Bacha, Laier, Wolfing, et al., 2016). Kaha ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali ho ka utloisisoa e le tšusumetso ea mantlha 'me ka hona e khothatsa haholo (Georgiadis le Kringelbach, 2012 'me Janssen, 2011) le khahlano le semelo sa ts'ebetso ea maemo maemong a tlatsetso (Berridge, Robinson, & Aldridge, 2009), hoa utloahala ho nahana hore ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali ho ka utloisisoa e le tšusumetso e sa laoloang e ka amanang le litšekamelo tsa kantle le tsa kahare tse neng li sa nke lehlakore tse lebisang ho ts'oarong hape le sepheo sa litakatso. Sena se tsamaisana le lithuto tse lekolang likamano tsa boko ba mathata a nahannoeng ho laola boitšoaro ba thobalano bo bonts'ang hore ts'ebetso ea likarolo tse amanang le boko le litakatso tse nahannoeng ka nepo li amana le tlhahiso ea litakatso tsa thobalano tse amanang le bokhoba ba ho lemalla.Brand et al., 2016a 'me Voon et al., 2014). Ho fihlela joale, litholoana li tsamaellana le polelo ea hore ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng ho sebetsana ka katleho le maikutlo a sithabetsang kapa khatello ea maikutlo e ka nkoa e le lebaka la kotsi la ho theha IPD. Liphetho li tšehetsa likhopolo tse ling tsa mantlha tsa tšebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, empa melaoana ena e hloka ho hlalosoa mabapi le mekhoa e kenyang nts'etsopele le ho boloka ts'ebeliso ea litlolo tse litšila tsa inthanete.

4.2. Meeli le lithuto tsa nako e tlang

Re buile ka khopolo-taba ea bongaka ka ho fuputsa sampole e seng ea bongaka. Hape ho bile le phapang e hlokomelehang moetlong oa sampole ho IPD, liphetho li hloka ho netefatsoa ka sampole e batlang thuso. Ho feta moo, kaha re ile ra hira batho feela ba lumellaneng ho fuputsoa pele le ka mor'a ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa marang-rang lapeng, khetho e kanna ea ba e etsahetse. Le ha re ile ra botsa bankakarolo hore na ba lula kamanong, empa eseng hore na ba lula hammoho le balekane ba bona. Bakeng sa leeme le teng, sena se hloka ho laoloa bakeng sa lithuto tse tlang. Ntle le moo, leeme le ka bang teng tikolohong ea poraefete le ne le ke ke la laoloa. Liphuputso tse tlang li ka sebetsana le litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa maikutlo ka botlalo (mohlala, ka lithuto tsa nako e telele) kapa mabapi le basali ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng.

References

APA, 2013

APA

Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello

(5th ed.) American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA (2013)

Berridge le al., 2009

KC Berridge, TE Robinson, JW Aldridge

Likarolo tse lahlang moputso: “Ho rata”, “ho batla” le ho ithuta

Maikutlo a hajoale ho Pharmacology, 9 (2009), maq. 65-73 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2008.12.014

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