Menahano ea Bootsoa (2018), Stephen A. Wilson, MD, MPH

Stephen A. Wilson, MD, MPH

Fam Med. 2018;50(3):238-240.

DOI: 10.22454 / FamMed.2018.365688

Basali le banna ba fapane. Ha re ntse re loanela monyetla o tšoanang le oa kalafo ho na le pherekano e batlang e lekana le e tšoanang e ka lebisang ho arolelaneng kapa ho fetoleng lipuisano tse hahang.

Ha ho thata ho elella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro — joalo ka ha Moahloli oa Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo Potter Stewart a boletse ka 1964, "… Kea e tseba ha ke e bona" ​​1,2 - empa ho ka ba thata ho e hlalosa. Ho tsoa mantsoeng a segerike porne (letekatse) mme graphein (ngola) Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li qalile ho hlaha ka puo ea Senyesemane ho 1842.3,4 Ke ntho e makatsang ho feta ea botle ba tlhaho 'me ho ka nahanoa hore ke lingoliloeng tse ngotsoeng, tse mameloang kapa tse bonoang tse nang le litlhaloso tse hlakileng kapa pontšo ea litho tsa botona kapa tsa ts'ebetso e tsosang thabo kapa karabelo e matla. , hangata ke tsa thobalano.

Se ka hare sa sejana ke sa bohlokoa. Ha re batla ho hlatsoa senoelo, re hloekisa se kahare. Haeba re batla ho tseba se ka har'a senoelo re sheba kahare kapa re bone se tšeloang ho sona.

Se kenang kelellong se ama menahano, maikutlo le boits'oaro. Hobaneng ha lik'hamphani li ne li ka lefa limilione tsa $ 5 bakeng sa khoebo ea 30-ea bobeli nakong ea 2018 Super Bowl? Mekhoa ea ho shebella thelevishene ea 5 e amana le mekhoa le maikutlo a amang bophelo. Bacha 12-17 ea lilemo li sebelisang thobalano e eketsehileng ho tsa thelevishene ba na le menyetla ea thobalano ea pelehi.6 Ho banna ba banyenyane, ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse fetileng ho amana le maikutlo a fokolang a khethollo ho basali le maemo a hlekefehileng a bong bo bobe.7

Ho 2013, 30% ea phetisetso ea data ea marang-rang e ne e le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​'me libaka tsa bootsoa li ne li na le baeti ba ikhethang ho feta Netflix, Amazon, le Twitter li kopane.8 Ho 2015, PornHub, sebaka sa marang-rang sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​se ne se etetse 21.2 limilione tse likete ka motsotsoana , e lekane ho tlatsa li-iPhones tse ka bang limilione tse 75 tsa 175GB.16 Eo ke litaba tse ngata li tšolleloang likomong tse ngata. Mabapi le 9% -70% ea bashebelli ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete ke banna.80 Banna le basali ba shebang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Khetho ea batho ba bong bo tšoanang ka litšoantšo tse ts'oanang tsa bong bo fapaneng e atile har'a basali (8,9% ea basali vs 21.3% ea banna), mme ho shebella lintho tseo ba neng ba ke ke ba li etsa (kapa ho se khone?) Bophelong ba nnete ho atile hara banna (1.8% ea basali vs 14% ea banna) .70

Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li khothalletsa, ho fetelletsa, kapa ho netefatsa likhopolo tse kang: basali ke lintho tsa thobalano; motho e mong le e mong o lula a loketse ho robala le ho batla thobalano; basali ba ratoa ka seo ba se etsang kapa ba ikemiselitseng ho ba etsa ka thobalano; basali ke ba thobalano; mme basali ke mehatla. Litšoantšo tse ngata tsa bootsoa li hlahisa banna ba bua ka bophahamo ba bona ba 'mele le litoro tse sa laoleheng kapa tse sa laoleheng kamehla li le molemo kapa li lakatsa ntle le ho kenya maikutlo ho tsoa ho basali ba bona ba basali.

Ka Pherekhong 2018, Ngaka Lawrence G. Nassar o ile a ahloleloa lilemo tse 40-175 teronkong bakeng sa ho hlekefetsa banana ba banyane lilemong tsa 6 kaofela ka tlasa boiketlo ba ho fana ka liteko tsa bongaka kapa kalafo.11 Le ha a ipolela molato oa ho hlekefetsa banana ba supileng. ba fetang 160 ba tlil'o tlaleha lipale tsa bona tse nyarosang.11 Kahlolo ena e ne e le ho tlatselletsa le lilemo tsa 60 tseo a neng a se a li fumane ka November 2017 ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bana.11

Boholo ba selemo se fetileng, ho bile le letoto la liqoso tsa boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano ke banna khahlano le basali. Boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela likobo, ho tloha ka mantsoe ho ea ho motho ea sa ameheng ho ea ho peto e matla, ha se ntho e ncha. Lipuisano tsa rona tsa nalane ea bophelo le thobalano le bakuli li re rutile seo. Ho tla joang hore ho be le taba e telele hakana e tsebahalang e bileng e tsebahalang joalo? Liketsahalo tse amang ba ruileng le ba matla li fumana tlhokomelo e eketsehileng. Motho oa pele ea qosoang e ne e le moetsi oa lifilimi oa Hollywood ea hlahelletseng, ea ruileng le moetsi oa mesebetsi ea tšehetsang mabaka a "nepahetseng" le batho, mme a re lintho tse "nepahetseng". Ha boholo ba boitšoaro ba hae bo soabisang le boits'oaro bo bobe ba thobalano bo ne bo le bongata ebile bo le bobe, hore har'a bahlaseluoa ba hae ho ne ho na le basali ba bangata ba ruileng, ba hlahelletseng, ba basoeu ba neng ba fana ka tšebelisano le matla a ho khothaletsa karabelo e mpe ea setjhaba le ho itšunya-tšunya ha hae .12,13

Litefiso tse amanang le thobalano le ho tataisoa ha litšoantšiso tsa bootsoa le boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano, tlhekefetso le tlhaselo ke likhopotso: banna le basali ba kanna ba lekana, empa ehlile ha re tšoane. Lintho tse peli tse sa lumellaneng, leha ho le joalo, li ka ananeloa ka ho lekana, tsa phekoloa le ho ananeloa. Batho ba nang le bana ba fetang a le mong ba bona sena letsatsi le leng le le leng: e mong le e mong o na le matla, bofokoli, litlhoko, limpho, mekhoa ea ho tlisa masoabi le thabo; empa kaofela ba ratoa mme ba ananeloa ka ho lekana.

Linnete tsa lefatše la hona joale, tsa ephemeral, tse sentsoeng li na le litlamorao ho tsa bophelo bo botle ba meriana le bakuli. Bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba sebaka sa rona sa mosebetsi, ha feela maemo a lekana, 'me menyetla ea ho e fihlela e lekana, motho a e fumana kapa a e bonahatsa a ka fapana haholo. Khafetsa batho ba bangata ba latela tsela e isang katlehong e le ho latela mehato le lits'oants'o tse ts'oanang. Ba bang ba itsamaela hole; ba bang ba na le maoto a maholo; tse ling li na le mokotla o moholoanyane; tse ling li qala ho ea holimo kapa ka tlase tseleng.

Tsela eo e na le mathata a lekaneng; thobalano le bong ha ea lokela ho ba tse eketsehileng. E-ba mosa, u be bohlale 'me u mamele. Na u ka rata kapa ua amohela hore 'm'ao kapa morali oa hau a tšoaroe ka tsela eo? Na u ka bua kapa ua etsa “lintho tseo” le batsoali ba hao kapa bana ba teng? Haeba molekane ea sebetsang le mosali a tla le kameho kapa boiphihlelo bo bobe, mamela ntle le tšitiso, kahlolo kapa molato.

Bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba bakuli ba rona, ho kenyelletsa le lipotso tse mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa nalaneng ea bophelo bo botle kapa tsa thobalano li ka hlahisa tlhahisoleseling e mabapi le biopsychosocial. Mohlomong lingaka li lokela ho botsa ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa, haholo joalo ka karolo ea tlhokomelo ea bohlankana, mathata a maikutlo le ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile.

Na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke mofuta oa bothata ba bophelo ba sechaba? E atile haholo ho feta koae, joala, lithethefatsi le lithunya, lintho tsohle tse nang le melaoana ea tsamaiso ho tsona ho khothaletsa kapa ho sireletsa bophelo ba sechaba le polokeho. Mohlala o le mong o laoloang ke ho hloka hore marang-rang a lits'oants'o tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e be ".xxx" ho nolofalletsa batsoali kapa mang kapa mang ea ratang ho theha li-cyberbarriers. E 'ngoe e ka ba ho eketsa lisebelisoa bakeng sa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho maikutlo le boitšoaro le (thuto) ea bao mosuoe oa bona e moholo ka thobalano le thobalano e bileng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ama tsela eo bacha ba nahanang ka thobalano le hore na banna ba nahana joang le ho atamela basali.14 Boholo ba batho ba noang joala ntle le ho ba lino tse tahang. Batho ba bangata ba tsubang koae ha ba na mofetše oa matšoafo, empa batho ba bangata ba nang le mofetše oa koae ba tsuba lisakerete. Ho sa tsotelehe, boitekong ba ho ba mohlokomeli oa moena oa rona, re nka khato ea ho thusa ho thibela le ho phekola litlamorao tsa ho etsa liqeto tse bobebe, leha e le tse itšilafatsang likarolong tsena le tse ling tsa boitšoaro tse amang bophelo bo botle. Hobane feela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li kanna tsa se ke tsa bopa lebotho la batho ba hlekefetsang ka thobalano ha ho bolele hore ha e ame kelello hampe, e laolang menahano, e laolang maikutlo, e laolang ho amoheloa ha liketso. Ebang ke ka boholo, tekanyo ea ho tšela, kapa sekhahla sa tlatso, likopi tse ling li na le monyetla oa ho tlola litaba tsa tsona ho feta tse ling. Re ka etsa ho eketsehileng ho ba mohlokomeli oa bara le baralib'abo.

References

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