LITLHAHISO: Prairie voles e theha litlamo tse peli. Ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tse 'maloa feela tse nang le molekane a le mong sechabeng joalo ka li-voles. Bokhoni ba ho theha maqhama a mabeli bo ipapisitse le lipotoloho tsa methapo le methapo ea kutlo. Mofuta o mong o na le mekhoa ea boko ea ho kopanya maqhama, kapa ha o joalo. Ha se boitšoaro bo ithutoang. Boholo ba batho ba ka ba le kamano e haufi, ka hona, re le mefuta eo re nang le eona. Phuputso e bonts'a hore lipalo tse nyaloang li sirelelitsoe ho lemalleng lithethefatsi, athe lifofane tse le 'ngoe li ka hlaseloa habonolo. Liteko tsa pejana li bonts'a hore mefuta e tlamang e tlamang e fumana buzz e kholo ea dopamine ho tsoa joala le amphetamine, mme ba na le monyetla oa ho lemalla.
Li-love tsa lerato le tlatsetso ka Lerata A re Che Che Ho potlaka
Ka Maia Szalavitz, Makasine ea Nako
Laboraro, June 1, 2011
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Le ha lerato e se kamehla e hlolang tsohle, e ka ba pheko e matla ea tahi, ho latela sehlopha se ntseng se hola sa lipatlisiso. Phuputso ea morao-rao mabapi le taba ena e hlahlobile boits'oaro ba banna ba masimong, ho fumana hore ba neng ba tlamahane le molekane oa bona oa mosali ba ne ba sa rate ho nka amphetamine ho feta bachelor voles.
"Litholoana tsena li supa hore boiphihlelo ba ho kopanya lintho tse peli bo fokolitse litšobotsi tse putsang tsa amphetamine," ho bolela Kimberly Young, mongoli oa boithuto le moithuti oa morao-rao Univesithing ea Florida State.
Ho fapana le likhoto kapa litoeba, li-prairie voles li theha maqhama a bophelo bohle le balekane ba bona, e batlang e le haufi le boits'oaro ba batho sechabeng, ke ka lebaka leo boramahlale ba ratang ho ithuta ka tsona. Bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa hajoale, tse phatlalalitsoeng ho Journal of Neuroscience, bafuputsi ba ile ba shebisisa hore na ho kopanya li-para le amphetamine ho amme likelello tsa voles joang.
(Tse ling ho TIME.com: Khatiso ea Lithethefatsi: Meth e Etsa Hore O Utloe Haholo joalo ka Cuddly as Ecstasy)
Teko ea pele e ne e kenyelletsa li-voles tse 30 tsa banna, tse 17 tsa tsona li ne li lumelletsoe ho nyalana le ho theha maqhama a mabeli; ba bang kaofela e ne e le baroetsana. Li-voles li ile tsa lumelloa ho lekola lethathamo la likhopo tse peli, tse hokahantsoeng ke tube, ho bona hore na ba rata lekareche lefe. Eaba liphoofolo li fuoa amphetamine kapa ente ea saline sebakeng seo ba sa se rateng. Morero e ne e le ho tseba hore na li-voles li tla qala ho khetha ntlo eo ba fumaneng sethethefatsi se monate ho eona. Ke li-voles tsa baroetsana tse fuoeng amphetamine feela tse entseng joalo.
Boitekong ba bobeli, bafuputsi ba ithutile tšebetso ea boko ho li-voes tse kopaneng le tse peli. Ba fumane hore li-singleton li natefeloa haholo ke amphetamine ho feta liphoofolo tse holileng. Li-voels tsa bachelor, amphetamine e atolositse ho fumaneha ha li-receptor tsa dopamine D1 ho li-bokellase tsa nucleus, e leng sebaka se amanang le thabo ea bokong. Li-voles tse tlamelletsoeng, leha ho le joalo, ho fumaneha ha li-receptor tsena ho fokotsehile.
"Ho pepeseha ha Amphetamine ho bile le litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa methapo ea kutlo ho li-na sexuallyve tsa thobalano le li-voles tse kopantsoeng," ho ngola Young.
Empa mofuputsi oa nako e telele oa vole Larry Young oa Univesithi ea Emory, ea neng a sa amane le lipatlisiso tsa hajoale, o bontšitse tlhokomeliso. "Le ha thuto ena e le e khahlisang haholo, ho tla ba bohlokoa ho tseba hore na li-voles tse tlamahaneng ka bobeli li ka ba tlase ho sebetsa bakeng sa lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso haeba li fuoa phihlello e sa lekanyetsoang," o boletse polelong. Joalo ka "khetho ea sebaka," ho etsa qeto ea hore na phoofolo e tla sebetsa ka thata hakae ho fumana lithethefatsi ke tsela e 'ngoe ea ho lekanya hore na e khahlisa hakae - kapa, joalo ka ha balaoli ba beha, e "ikarabella ho hlekefetsa" - ntho e teng.
Leha ho le joalo, patlisiso e fetileng ho batho e bontšitse hore litlamo tsa kahisano li thusa ho fokotsa monyetla oa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Bacha ba nang le kamano e haufi le batsoali ba bona, ha ba na monyetla oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Bakeng sa batho ba hlaphoheloang bokhobeng, ts'ehetso ea sechaba hangata e bohlokoa ho qoba ho oela hape. Ka sebele, litlamorao tse ntle tsa tšehetso ea sechaba li ka ikarabella bakeng sa hore ba ikemiselitseng ho ithaopa le lihlopha tse thusang ka boithatelo tse kang mananeo a bohato ba 12 kamora kalafo ea bokhoba ba tahi ba tloaetse ho ba le liphetho tse ntle.
Tse ling tsa liteko tsa khale tsa liphoofolo tse 'nileng tsa sebelisoa e le bopaki ba hore lithethefatsi tse kang cocaine le heroine li lemalla ka mokhoa o ke keng oa qojoa li thatafalloa ke hore liphoofolo tse lekiloeng li ne li ikarotse sechabeng pele li pepesetsoa lithethefatsi. Bahlahlobisisi ba lithuto tsena ba pheha khang ea hore ho tšoana le ho koalla batšoaruoa ba koaletsoeng ba le bang ho bontša hore e lemalla haholo.
(Ho eketsehileng ka TIME.com: Ho Bala Kelello: Kamoo Science e Ncha ea Tebello ea Batho ba baholo e ka Ntlafatsang Bophelo ba Hau)
Liphuputso tse ncha li re hopotsa liteko tse tummeng tsa "Rat Park" ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1970 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-80 tse entsoeng ke setsebi sa kelello sa Canada Bruce Alexander, ea neng a labalabela ho tseba hore na maemo a sechaba a ka ama bokhoba ba likhoto joang. O ile a bapisa boitšoaro ba likhoto tse neng li bolokiloe ka masakeng a patisaneng, a se nang letho le ka thoko kapa a lumelloa ho solla ka bolokolohi le likhoto tse ling tse 95-sq.-ft. sebaka se tletseng lintho tse lakatsehang ho litoeba (joalo ka lijo, libolo le mabili a mathang) tseo a li bitsitseng "Rat Park."
Liphuputso li ile tsa bula mahlo. Ha ho fanoa ka khetho lipakeng tsa metsi a hlakileng le metsi a nang le morphine, baahi ba "Rat Park" ba khethile ea pele, leha metsi a nang le morphine a entsoe monate haholo. Likhoto tse koetsoeng, leha ho le joalo, li ne li khetha seno se nang le lithethefatsi.
Le kamora hore likhoto li qobelloe ho noa tharollo ea morphine nako e telele hore li tsebe ho phela hantle, li ile tsa khetha metsi hape Rat Park, leha e ne e le ho tlohela ka thata. Leha ho le joalo, likhoto tse koaletsoeng a le mong, li ile tsa lula li khahliloe ke thipa.
Ho tloha lithutong tsa Rat Park, lipatlisiso tse ling tse ngata li bonts'itse hore litlamo tse mofuthu tsa sechaba li tloaetse ho loantša kotsi ea ho lemalla. Boithuto ba likhoto tsa booki bo fumana hore ba khetha ho nka cocaine e fokolang ho feta kamoo basali ba baroetsana ba etsang, mme ba bonts'a karabo e fokolang ea dopamine e amanang le lithethefatsi. Patlisiso e 'ngoe e fumana hore likhoto tse holisitsoeng boinotšing li nka koae e ngata kapa amphetamine ho feta tse tlisoang ke maemo a tloaelehileng a bophelo - hape ba khaolitse ho batla meriana ka potlako ho feta likhoto tse ikhethileng.
Litla-morao tsena li sebetsa ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng: lipatlisisong tse neng li phatlalalitsoe ke Bacha le balekane ba hae, li-voales tsa banna ba bakhachane ba hlotsoeng ho tloaelana le basali kamora ho etsa thobalano haeba pele ba ne ba amohela ente ea matsatsi a mararo ea amphetamine ka matsatsi a mararo. Lits'oants'o tse nyane tsa hore liphumano tse joalo li kanna tsa ama tšebeliso ea kalafo ea li-amphetamines bathong - mohlala, ho tšoara bana ka tlhokomelo e fokolang ea deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), eo ho nahanoang hore e ama 6% ho 16% ea baahi.
O re: "Ha re nahana ka seo re se fumaneng mabapi le litlamorao tse mpe tsa ho pepeseha ha amphetamine ho tlamahaneng lipakeng tsa lifate tsa morung, lipatlisiso mabapi le litlamorao tsa kalafo ea amphetamine mekhoeng ea boits'oaro le tlamahanyo ea sechaba bathong e ka ba ea bohlokoa."
(Ho feta ho TIME.com: Phuputso ea Meth e amana joang le kalafo ea tahi le Autism? (Ke Oxytocin))
Ho hlakile hore ho na le phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa voles le batho. 'Me lithethefatsi tse sebelisetsoang ho alafa ADHD li se li ithutiloe haholo lilemong tse mashome a ts'ebeliso. Ho joalo, ho na le bopaki bo bong ba hore kalafo ea ADHD ea pele ka li-amphetamine e ka fokotsa kotsi ea ho lemalla hamorao, eo hangata e leng holimo ho batho ba nang le ADHD.
Bopaki bo hlakile, leha ho le joalo, hore ho hloka lerato ho eketsa menyetla ea batho ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi, mme bafuputsi ba tlameha ho lula ba hopola litlamorao tsa ho se tsotelle bana le ho itšehla thajana ha ba ithuta ka likotsi le ho hlaphoheloa.
Read more: http://healthland.time.com/2011/06/01/love-and-addiction-voles-in-love-just-say-no-to-speed/#ixzz1O4poOSLl
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SE ITHUTOANG: Boreki ba Sechaba bo fokotsa Menyetla e Putsa ea Amphetamine ka Dopamine D1 Receptor-Mediated Mechanism
Yan Liu1, *, Kimberly A. Young1, *, J. Thomas Curtis2, Brandon J. Aragona3, le Zuoxin Wang1
+ Lingoliloeng tsa Sengoli
1.1Department of Psychology, Lenaneo ho Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306,
2.2Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Setsi sa Saense ea Bophelo, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa Oklahoma 74107, le
3.3Department of Psychology, Lenaneo ho Neuroscience, Univesithi ea Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
Menehelo ea 1.Author: BJA le ZW ba entse lipatlisiso; YL le JTC ba entse lipatlisiso; YL, KAY, le ZW e hlahlobile data; YL, KAY, BJA, le ZW ba ngotse pampiri ena.
2.↵ * YL le KAY ba kentse letsoho ka ho tšoanang mosebetsing ona.
inahaneloang
Leha litlamorao tsa ts'ireletso ea litlamo tsa kahisano mabapi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi / tlhekefetso li ngotsoe hantle, ha re tsebe letho ka mekhoa e ka tlase e sebelisang methapo ea kutlo. Re sebelisa prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) - molumo o kopaneng oa setsoalle o etsang litlamo tsa nako e telele kamora ho nyalana — re bonts'a hore maemo a amphetamine (AMPH) a kenyellelitse khetho ea sebaka se ikhethileng (CPP) ka thobalano le batho ba sa tsotelleng (SN), empa eseng ba babeli. tlamahanyo (PB), banna. Le ha kalafo ea AMPH e ile ea baka boholo bo ts'oanang ba tlhahiso ea dopamine ka har'a li-nucleus accumbens (NAcc) tsa banna ba SN le PB, e bile le litlamorao tse tlatselletsang ho NAcc D1 receptor (D1R). Ka ho khetheha, kalafo ea AMPH e ile ea eketsa tlamo ea D1R ho SN, empa ea fokotsa D1R e tlamang ho banna ba PB. NAcc D1R, empa eseng D2 receptor, antagonism e thibetse CPP e kenyellelitsoeng ho banna ba SN le ts'ebetso ea NAcc D1R pele boemo ba AMPH bo thusa AMP-induction CPP ho banna ba PB. Hammoho, datha ea rona e bonts'a hore boiphihlelo bo kopanyang bo fokotsa thepa e ruisang ea AMPH ka mochine o kopanetsoeng oa D1R.
• E fumanwe ka la 11 Hlakola, 2011.
• Phetoho e amohetsoe ka la 12 Mmesa, 2011.
• E amohetsoe ka la 14 Mmesa, 2011.
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