Ho sebelisitsoe mantsoe a mangata ho hlalosa boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba ho ba le thobalano, ho kenyelletsa boitšoaro bo qobellehang ba ho ba le thobalano, tšebeliso e mpe ea botona kapa botšehali, tšebeliso ea thobalano, ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa botšehali le boitšoaro bo qobelloang. Ho na le phehisano e tsoelang pele mabapi le ho re ho itlosa bolutu ka ho etsa thobalano e le “bokhoba” kapa ho ba le bothata bo tlamang.Bőthe, Bartók, et al., 2018; Bőthe, Tóth-Király, et al., 2018; Metsoana, 1983, 1991; Fuss et al., 2019; Gola le Potenza, 2018; Grant et al., 2014; Griffiths, 2016; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016; Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017; Stein, 2008; Stein, Mnyama, & Pienaar, 2000). Ntle le moo, ntle le ts'ehetso ea mahlale ea ho kenyelletsa maemo ho libukeng tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu, ho boetse ho bile le bobuelli bo matla khahlanong le sena, ho ipapisitse le kotsi ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boitšoaro bo tloaelehileng ba thobalano ka lebaka la maikutlo, tumelo kapa boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano.Fuss et al., 2019; Klein, Briken, Schröder, & Fuss, ka har'a khatiso). Ho joalo ka hona, tlhahiso ea hore ho kenyelletsoe khatello ea maikutlo mabapi le phetoho ea bohlano khatisong ea bohlano ea Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello (DSM-5; Kafka, 2010) e hannoe ke boto ea batsamaisi ba American Psychiatric Association (APA) (Kafka, 2014). Ho kenyelletsoa ha ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano e qobelloang (CSBD) e le bothata ba taolo ea tšusumetso ho ntlafatso ea 11th Kakaretso ea Lipatlisiso tsa Machaba ea Matšoao le Mathata a Amanang le Bophelo (ICD-11) e lokela ho netefatsoa semmuso ho 2019 (Kraus et al., 2018).
Haholo-holo ka lebaka la phehisano ka pherekano, ho haella ha mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea bongaka e amoheloang ka molao, le ho haelloa ke sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo se netefalitsoeng, lithuto tse 'maloa tse matla tsa lefu la CSBD li se li entsoe. Paleng ena, re bua ka CSBD e le boemo bo khethollang mokhoa o phehellang oa ho se laole maikutlo a ho phehella kapa litakatso tsa thobalano, tse hlahisang boits'oaro bo pheta-pheto ba thobalano ka nako e telele e bakang khatello ea maikutlo kapa ho senyeha hoa motho, lelapa, sechabeng, thuto, mosebetsi kapa likarolo tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa ho sebetsa (Kraus et al., 2018). Ho hakanngoa hore 5% -6% ea baahi ka kakaretso e kanna ea angoa ke koluoa ena (Metsoana, 1991; Coleman, 1992); leha ho le joalo, tlhahlobo ea boemeli ea morao-rao e fumane le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa mahlomola a amanang le ho thatafalloa ho laola maikutlo a thobalano, litakatso le boits'oaro ho la US (Dickenson, Coleman, & Miner, 2018). Habohlokoa, litekanyetso tsena tsa bosholu e ka ba kakaretso e kholo ka lebaka la khaello ea lipatlisiso ho sebelisa lits'ebetso tse ts'epahalang le tse netefalitsoeng.Klein, Rettenberger, & Briken, 2014).
Bakuli ba nang le CSBD hangata ba tlaleha boitšoaro bo hatelletsang, mathata a taolo ea tšusumetso le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi (Derbyshire & Grant, 2015). Ho ela hloko li-comorbidities tsena qetellong ho ka ba molemo ho conceptualization ea taolo ea thobalano ea boitšoaro ba thobalano e le ho qobella, ho qobelloa, kapa ho ba lekhoba la tahi. Phuputso ea morao-rao e fumane hore ho nkeha maikutlo le ho qobelloa ho amana le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho “tsoa taolong”, athe kamano ea ho susumetsoa e ne e le matla le ho feta (Bőthe, Tóth-Király, et al., 2018). Leha ho le joalo, kamano e pakeng tsa boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho “tsoa taolong” le ho qobelloa ho khothalelitsoe khafetsa (Metsoana, 1983, 1991; Coleman, 1991; Stein, 2008) hobane liketsahalo tsena ka bobeli li tšoauoa ka ho pheta-pheta le ho phahama ha tsitsipano pela boitšoaro, ho lateloa ke mohopolo oa tokollo nakong ea polao. Ka lebaka leo, polelo ho qobella ho kopantsoe le bothata ba boitšoaro ba thobalano bakeng sa boits'oaro bo “ntle-taolo” bo tsamaisanang le khatello ea maikutlo le mathata a ts'ebetsong bakeng sa ICD-11 (Kraus et al., 2018). Leha ho le joalo, ho bile le lipatlisiso tse fokolang tse hlophisehileng tsa CSBD bothateng bo fetolang mahlo (OCD), moferefere o tlamang oa paradigmatic. Thutong ena, re tsepamisitse maikutlo ho monate oa CSBD le OCD. Leha tšoaetso ea OCD e kile ea hlahlojoa pele ho liteko tsa bongaka le tseo e seng tsa bongaka tsa batho ba nang le boits'oaro bo matla ba thobalano ka litekanyetso tsa ho ata ho tloha ho 2.3% ho isa 14% (Mnyama, Kehrberg, Flumerfelt, & Schlosser, 1997; de Tubino Scanavino et al., 2013; Morgenstern et al., 2011; Raymond, Coleman, & Miner, 2003), hona ke thuto ea pele ea ho hlahloba ho ata ha CSBD ho bakuli ba OCD le likarolo tsa eona tse amanang le litaba tsa sechaba le tsa bongaka. Tlhahisoleseling e joalo e kanna ea thusa ka tleliniki hape e ka thusa ho conceptualization ea CSBD.
Liphetho tsa batho ba baholo ba nang le li-OCD tsa hona joale tse qapiloeng pakeng tsa Pherekhong 2000 le December 2017 li nkile karolo thutong ena. Ho tšoaneleha, bakuli ba ile ba tlameha ho kopana le khatiso ea bone ea DSM (DSM-IV; APA, 2000) mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea mantlha ea OCD ho Puisano e hlophisitsoeng ea Kliniki e fumanehang bakeng sa tlhahlobo le tlhaiso-leseling ea liphatlalatso tsa mafu a kelello, Khatiso ea bone, Axis I Disrupt-Patient Version (SCID-I / P; Pele, Spitzer, Gobbon, & Williams, 1998). Nalane ea psychosis e ne e le moelelo oa khethollo. Ngaka ea kelello kapa ngaka e 'ngoe ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello e nang le boiphihlelo ba OCD e buisane le bakuli ba tsoang mehloling e mengata (mohlala, Mokhatlo oa OCD oa Afrika Boroa le litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea mantlha ea sechaba).
Puisano e hlophisitsoeng hantle e kenyelelitse lipotso mabapi le tlhaiso-leseling e ikhethang ea tlhaiso ea batho le bongaka ho kenyelletsa lilemo tsa hona joale, morabe le lilemo tsa ho qala ha OCD. Tlhahlobo ea bongaka, ho kenyelletsa mohatsela, matšoenyeho, ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, somatoform e khethiloeng, le mathata a ho ja, li ne li thehiloe holim'a tlhaiso-leseling e fumanoeng le SCID-I / P. Ntle le moo, the Puisano e hlophisitsoeng ea Kliniki bakeng sa Mathata a ho Sheba Lintho ka Tsela e Ferekanyang (OCSDs) (SCID-OCSD; du Toit, van Kradenburg, Niehaus, & Stein, 2001) e ne e sebelisetsoa ho hlahloba li-OCSD tse behang maikutlo, tse neng li kenyelletsa boloetse ba Tourette le DSM-IV mathata a ho laola maikutlo [ke hore, lefu la Tourette, ho reka ka mokhoa o qobelloang, papali ea chelete, kleptomania, pyromania, ho phatloha ha nakoana (IED), boitšoaro bo intšang kotsi le CSBD ]. CSBD ea hajoale e fumanoe ha barupeluoa hajoale ba fihlella mekhoa ena e latelang - CSBD ea bophelo bohle e fumanoe ha bankakarolo ba fihlela lintlha tsohle tse latelang nakong e fetileng le / kapa boteng:
| - | Nako e fetang ea bonyane likhoeli tsa 6, mokhoa oa ho se khone ho laola litoro tse tsosang khafetsa, litakatso tsa thobalano, kapa boits'oaro bo sa oeleng tlasa tlhaloso ea paraphilia. | ||||
| - | Litoro, litakatso tsa thobalano, kapa boits'oaro li baka ts'oenyeho kapa ho senyeha ho hoholo sechabeng, mosebetsing kapa likarolong tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa tšebetso. | ||||
| - | Matšoao ha a hlahisoe hantle ke bokuli bo bong (mohlala, manic episode, delusional disorder: erotomanic subtype). | ||||
| - | Matšoao ha a bakoe ke litlamorao tse tobileng tsa mmele (mohlala, setlhare sa tlhekefetso kapa moriana) kapa boemo ba bongaka bo akaretsang. | ||||
The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Scale e Amohelang (YBOCS) lethathamo la matšoao le boima ba litekanyetso li ne li sebelisoa ho lekola typology le ho teba ha matšoao a bonang (a hlokofatsang) (Goodman, Theko, Rasmussen, Mazure, Delgado, et al., 1989; Goodman, Theko, Rasmussen, Mazure, Fleischmann, et al., 1989).
Litlhatlhobo tse senang maikutlo li entsoe ho sebelisoa IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). χ2 le liteko tse nepahetseng tsa Fisher, kamoo ho neng ho loketse, li ile tsa etsoa ho bapisa sekhahla sa ho ata ha li-OCSD, ho kenyeletsoa le CSBD, lipakeng tsa bakuli ba batona le ba batšehali ba nang le OCD le ho bapisa litefiso tsa likotsi tsohle tse hlahlobiloeng nakong ea tlhahlobo ea lipotso (ke hore, Tourette's syndrome, hypochondriasis, ho itšetleha ka lithethefatsi, tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi, ts'ebeliso e mpe ea joala, ts'ebeliso e mpe ea joala, khatello e kholo ea khatello ea maikutlo, lefu la dysthymic, lefu la ho ferekana kelellong, ho ea mabenkeleng ka mokhoa o qobelloang, papali ea chelete, kleptomania, pyromania, IED, ho tšoha le agoraphobia, ho tšoha ntle le agoraphobia, agoraphobia ntle le nalane ea tšabo, tšabo ea sechaba, phobia e khethehileng, lefu la khatello ea kelello ea morao-rao, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa le boits'oaro bo kotsi) lipakeng tsa bakuli ba OCD ba nang le CSBD le ba se nang eona. Seithuti t-liteko li entsoe ho bapisa lilemo, lilemo tsa ho qala ha OCD, le sekhahla sa YBOCS lipakeng tsa bakuli ba OCD ba nang le CSBD le ba se nang eona. Bohlokoa ba lipalo bo thehiloe ho p <.05.
Mekhoa ea ho ithuta e entsoe ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki. Boto ea tlhahlobo ea setheo sa Univesithi ea Stellenbosch (Stellenbosch University Health Ethics Committee Reference 99 / 013) e amohetse thuto. Lintlha tsohle li ile tsa tsebisoa ka phuputso eo mme bohle ba fuoe tumello e nang le tsebo.
Liphetho tsa batho ba baholo ba nang le OCD ea hona joale (N = 539; Banna ba 260 le basali ba 279), ba nang le lilemo tse pakeng tsa lilemo tse 18 le 75 (bolele = 34.8, SD = 11.8 lilemo), ba nkile karolo thutong ena. Ho ata ha CSBD bophelong bohle e ne e le 5.6% (n = 30) ho bakuli ba nang le OCD ea hajoale. Bakeng sa bakuli ba banna, ho ata ha bophelo bohle ho ne ho phahame haholo ha ho bapisoa le bakuli ba basali [χ2(1) = 10.3, p = .001; Tafole 1]. Ka kakaretso, 3.3% (n = 18) ea sampole e tlalehileng CSBD ea hajoale. Hape, sena se ne se phahame haholo ho banna ha se bapisoa le bakuli ba basali [χ2(1) = 6.5, p = .011; Tafole 1].
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Tafole 1. Ho ata ha bophelo le litekanyetso tsa hona joale tsa CSBD ha li bapisoa le mathata a mang a taolo ea ho susumetsa ho bakuli ba nang le OCD ea bophelo bohle
| Hlahloba nako eohlen (%)] | Matšoao a hajoale [n (%)] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | banna | Women | All | banna | Women | |
| CSBD | 30 (5.6) | 23 (8.8) | 7 (2.5) | 18 (3.3) | 14 (5.4) | 4 (1.4) |
| Pyromania | 4 (0.7) | 4 (1.5) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 0 |
| Kleptomania | 22 (4.1) | 8 (3.1) | 14 (5.0) | 10 (1.9) | 2 (0.8) | 8 (2.9) |
| IED | 70 (13.0) | 37 (14.2) | 33 (11.8) | 40 (7.4) | 20 (7.7) | 20 (7.2) |
| Papali ea papali ea chelete | 5 (0.9) | 5 (1.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hlokomela. CSBD: Boitšoaro bo bobe ba boitšoaro ba thobalano; OCD: ho hloka taolo-ho qobella; IED: Boloetse bo atisang ho phatloha.
CSBD e bile lefu la bobeli le atileng haholo la taolo ea tšusumetso e hlahlobiloeng ho sehlopha sena sa bakuli ba nang le OCD ka mor'a IED. Sekhahla sa tšoaetso ea mathata a mang a taolo e mabapi le tšusumetso le ho becha ha methapo ea methapo (e tšoaeang mats'oao ho Impulse Control Dis shida ho ICD-11) e bonts'oa hape ka Lethathamo 1. Ha ho bapisoa le bakuli ba OCD ntle le CSBD, bakuli ba OCD ba nang le CSBD ba tlaleha lilemo tse ka bapisoang, lilemo tsa ho qala ha OCD, lintlha tsa YBOCS tsa morao-rao, hammoho le thuto e ka bapisoang le morabe (Tafole 2).
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Tafole 2. Demographics le litšobotsi tsa kliniki tsa bakuli ba OCD ba nang le CSBD ebile ha ba na eona
| Bakuli ba nang le CSBD [n = 30 (5.6%)] | Bakuli ba se nang CSBD [n = 509 (94.4%)] | χ2/t | p boleng | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lilemo (bolele ± SD; lilemo) | 33.9 ± 9.8 | 34.8 ± 11.9 | 0.4 | .7 |
| Ho qala lilemo tsa OCD (bolela ± SD; lilemo) | 15.5 ± 7.6 | 17.5 ± 9.9 | 1.1 | .3 |
| Lintlha tsa YBOCS (bolela ± SD) | 21.4 ± 8.0 | 20.7 ± 7.3 | -0.4 | .7 |
| Boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba thuto [n (%)] | ||||
| Ke thuto ea sekolo feela | 15 (50%) | 212 (42%) | 0.8 | .4 |
| Thuto ea kamora sekolo | 15 (50%) | 297 (58%) |
Hlokomela. SD: ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng; CSBD: Boitšoaro bo bobe ba boitšoaro ba thobalano; OCD: ho hloka taolo-ho qobella; YBOCS: Yale-Brown Obsessive-Scale e Amohelang.
Litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha mathata a comorbid ho bakuli ba nang le CSBD ntle le nako ea bophelo li bonts'oa Lethathamong 3. Habohlokoa, lefu la Tourette, hypochondriasis, kleptomania, lefu la ho ferekana kelellong, mabenkele a qobelloang, IED, le dysthymia li ne li e-na le karo-karolelano e kaholimo ho 3 ka karohano ea kholiseho kaholimo ho 1.
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Tafole 3. Tekanyetso ea bophelo bo atileng ea mathata a comorbid ho bakuli ba OCD ba nang le CSBD le ntle
Hlokomela. CSBD: Boitšoaro bo bobe ba boitšoaro ba thobalano; IED: tšenyo ea nako e telele e phatlohang; OCD: ho hloka taolo-ho qobella; CI: nako ea ho itšepa.
aHa ho na letho ha ho ne ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo e tobileng ea Fisher ho bapisa maemo a tšoaetso.
Thutong ena, re ne re khahloa ke ho ata le likarolo tse amanang le litaba tsa sechaba tsa batho ba bangata le CSKD ho bakuli ba nang le OCD. Taba ea mantlha, re fumane hore 3.3% ea bakuli ba nang le OCD ba ne ba na le CSBD ea hona joale le 5.6% ba ne ba na le CSBD ea bophelo, e nang le tlhaselo e phahameng haholo ho banna ho feta ho basali. Taba ea bobeli, re fumane hore maemo a mang, haholo-holo maemo a ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, a bosholu, le taolo ea tšusumetso, a ne a atile ho bakuli ba OCD ba nang le CSBD ho feta ho ba se nang CSBD, empa eseng likotsi ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa boits'oaro bo bobebe.
Litekanyetso tsa pele tsa litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha CSBD tse fanoeng ke Carnes (1991) le Coleman (1992) o khothalelitse hore ho fihla ho 6% ea batho ka kakaretso ba nang le ts'oaetso e qobelloang ea thobalano. Le ha ho sa tsejoe hore na likhakanyo tsena li fumanoe joang (Mnyama, 2000), patlisiso ea morao-rao ea lefu la sethoathoa e netefalitse hore thobalano e qobelloang, e ka kenyelletsang khafetsa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, palo ea balekane ba thobalano le litaba tsa thobalano.Dickenson et al., 2018). Seo re se fumaneng mabapi le ho ata ha CSBD ho OCD se bonahala se ka bapisoa le seo ba leng ho sona ka kakaretso (Langstrom le Hanson, 2006; Odlaug et al., 2013; Skegg, Nada-Raja, Dickson, & Paul, 2010). Leha ho le joalo, liqeto tsohle mabapi le ho ata ha CSBD li tlameha ho ananeloa ka hloko hobane litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha batho li ka angoa ke maemo a bophelo le ka hona li ka fapana ka palo ea baahi. Mohlala, hara baetsi ba sesole ba banna, tekanyo ea CSBD ea hona joale e bonahala e phahame haholo (16.7%) ha e bapisoa le bakuli ba kelello (4.4%) le baithuti ba univesithi (3%) United States ba sebelisa tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe ea CSBD (Grant, Levine, Kim, & Potenza, 2005; Odlaug et al., 2013; Smith le al., 2014). Ntle le moo, mehato e fapaneng e fapaneng le ts'ebetso ea moaho li sebelisitsoe ho lekola CSBD, ka hona ho fokotsa ho bapisoa ha liphetho. Mohlala, Jaisoorya et al. (2003) o sebelisitse mohato o iqapetsoeng ho bona mathata a taolo a susumetsang a ipapisitseng le litekanyetso tsa DSM-IV ho bapisa comorbidity (ho kenyeletsoa le ho qobelloa ka thobalano) ho bakuli ba nang le OCD (n = 231) le lihlooho tsa taolo (n = 200) ho baahi ba Maindia. Ba fumane hore ke taba e le 'ngoe feela e tlalehileng ho ata ha bophelo ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali (tse kanna tsa se tšoane le CSBD).
Hape re fumane hore li-comorbidities tse ngata li ne li ka khona ho bakuli ba OCD ba nang le CSBD ho feta ho ba se nang CSBD. Mathata a mane a nang le mathata a taolo ea tšusumetso, e leng IED, Tourette's syndrome, kleptomania, le mabenkele a qobelloang, a ne a atile ho bakuli ba OCD ba CSBD ha ba bapisoa le ba se nang CSBD. Ho ata ha mathata ana ho ne ho boetse ho phahame ho feta litlalehong tse ling tse ithutang ho ata ha tsona ho bakuli ba CSBD (Black le al., 1997; Raymond et al., 2003), e bonts'a ho senyeha ho hoholo haholoanyane taolong ea tšusumetso ho batho ba nang le mathata a mabeli, e leng CSBD le OCD. Kaha bopaki bo bongata bo tšehetsa kamano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso lipakeng tsa mefuta e meng ea OCD le Tourette's syndrome (Pauls, Leckman, Towbin, Zahner, & Cohen, 1986; Pauls, Towbin, Leckman, Zahner, & Cohen, 1986; Swain, Scahill, Lombroso, King, & Leckman, 2007), data ea rona e kanna ea supa hore liphatsa tsa lefutso tse tšoanang kapa tsa neurobiological (Stein, Hugo, Oosthuizen, Hawkridge, le van Heerden, 2000) mabaka a ka boela a rera esale pele batho ka bomong ho CSBD. Re boetse re fumane bophelo bo bongata ba mathata a maikutlo, haholo dysthymia le ho ferekana kelellong ho bakuli ba OCD ba nang le CSBD e fetang litlaleho tsa pejana mabapi le comorbidities ho CSBD (Raymond et al., 2003). Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore batho ba bang ba sebelisa boits'oaro bo matla ba thobalano ho sebetsana le khatello ea maikutlo le maikutlo a fosahetseng (Folkman, Chesney, Pollack, & Phillips, 1992). Kahoo, CSBD e kanna ea se sebelisoe feela ho laoloang ke maikutlo ke bakuli ba bang empa e ka ba sesosa sa ho sithabela maikutlo ka lebaka la khatello e amanang le CSBD. Kafka (2010) o hlokometse pejana hore liketsahalo tse ling tsa hypomanic li bonahala li le khuts'oane haholo ho feta matsatsi a 4 (Benazzi, 2001; Judd le Akiskal, 2003), e le hore linyeoe tse tlatselletsang li ka aroloa ka leshano le CSBD ha boitšoaro bo bonts'itsoeng ba thobalano e le sesupo sa lefu la ho ferekana. Lintlha tsa rona li tsamaisana le pono ea hore lingaka li lokela ho ba hlokolosi ho tseba CSBD ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la ho ferekana kelellong. Re boetse ra fumana hore ho ata ha bokuli bo bong bo amanang le khatello e matla, bo amanang le hypochondriasis (Coleman, 1991; Jenike, 1989), e phahamisitsoe haholo ho bakuli ba OCD ba nang le CSBD. Bakuli ba nang le hypochondriasis ka tloaelo ba teng ka ho nahanisisa ka bophelo bo botle ba 'mele (Salkovskis le Warwick, 1986). Ba tloaetseng ho etsa thobalano khafetsa kapa ba ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ba nang le hypochondriasis ba ka ba kotsing e kholo ea ho lemoha hore boitšoaro ba bona ba thobalano ha bo kotsi. Ba kanna ba ameha ka potso ea hore na takatso ea bona ea thobalano le boits'oaro “ha li na taolo” kapa li le ka har'a meeli e tloaelehileng.
Ho na le meeli e mengata ea thuto ena e lokelang ho hatelloa. Taba ea pele, thuto ena e kenyelletsa bakuli ba OCD feela ntle le sehlopha se laolang bakuli ba CSBD ba se nang OCD. Liphumano ho CSBD ho OCD li kanna tsa se ke tsa akaretsa lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lefutso, ho tiisa lipatlisiso tse ling. Ntle le moo, bankakarolo bana ha baa ka ba batla kalafo bakeng sa CSBD mme ka hona e kanna ea se be baahi ba tloaelehileng ba hlahang tleleniking ka CSBD. Ntle le moo, ka lebaka la palo e tlase ea batho ba phethahatsang litekanyetso tsa CSBD, ha rea ka ra arohanya sehlopha ka bong ho hlahlobisisa haholoanyane, leha psychopathology ea CSBD e ka fapana ho banna khahlanong le basali. Hape ha rea ka ra lokisa lipapiso tse ngata ka lebaka la palo e tlase ea batho ba phethahatsang mekhoa ea CSBD le mofuta o hlahlobang oa thuto ena.
CSBD e fumanoe e sebelisa SCID-OCSD. Sesebelisoa sena se lekola litataiso tsa mantlha tsa tlhahlobo ea CSBD ho ICD-11 e shebaneng le khatello le bofokoli (bona karolo ea "Mekhoa"); Leha ho le joalo, ho ICD-11 ea Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines, matšoenyeho a mabapi le ho fetelletsa maikutlo a boetse a lebisoa ho thusa baoki (mohlala, meeling ea karolo e tloaelehileng). Sesebelisoa sa rona se ne se haelloa joalo ka moeli.
Qetellong, litlaleho tsa rona li bontša hore litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha CSBD ho OCD li tšoana le tsa batho ba bangata le lihlopha tse ling tsa ho hlahloba. Ho feta moo, re fumane hore CSBD ho OCD e ne e ka 'na ea e-na le mathata a mangata, a qobelloang le a maikutlo, empa eseng ka ho lemalla boitšoaro kapa boitšoaro bo amanang le lithethefatsi. Ho fumanoa hona ho tšehetsa khopolo ea CSBD e le boloetse bo qobellang ho qobella batho ba bang. Ho tsoelapele, litekanyo tse lekanngoeng le lisebelisoa tsa molumo oa kelello li hlokahalang ho hlahloba boteng le ho tiea ha CSBD. Lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang li lokela ho tsoela pele ho matlafatsa khopolo ea lefu lena le ho bokella lintlha tse eketsehileng tsa boitsebiso, e le hore qetellong li ntlafatse tlhokomelo ea meriana.
CL le DJS e ile ea hlokomela moralo oa ho ithuta, ea fumana chelete, 'me ea hlophisoa ka mokhoa o hlokometsoeng. JF e entse tlhahlobo ea lipalo. JF le PB ba ngotse moralo oa pele oa buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho. Bangoli bohle ba kentse letsoho haholo popehong ea mohopolo ea thuto le phetolelo ea buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho. Ba ne ba na le phihlello e felletseng ea datha tsohle thutong mme ba nka boikarabello bakeng sa botshepehi ba datha le ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo ea data.
Bangoli ha ba tlale kamano ea lichelete kapa tse ling tse amanang le taba ena.
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