Tsamaiso ea maikutlo le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate har'a baithuti ba Koleji (2017)

Koranta ea Machaba ea Bophelo bo Botle ba Kelello le Bokhoba ba Tabo

 Hlakola 2017, Buka 15, Khatiso ea 1, pp 16-27

Craig S. Cashwell, Amanda L. Giordano, Kelly King, Cody Lankford, Robin K. Henson

inahaneloang

Bakeng sa batho ba nang le temallo ea thobalano, boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate hangata ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho laola maikutlo a sithabetsang kapa a sa rateheng. Phuputsong ena, re batlile ho hlahloba liphapang lipakeng tsa taolo ea maikutlo mahareng a baithuti ba tlhatlhobo ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano le ba maemong a sa hloloheng. Har'a sampole ea baithuti ba koleche ba 337, ba 57 (16.9%) ba fumane lintlha maemong a bongaka a tlhekefetso ea thobalano mme baithuti ba maemong a kliniki ba fapane haholo le baithuti ba mekhahlelo e sa amaneng le litšobotsi tse tharo tsa taolo ea maikutlo: (a) ho se amohele likarabo tsa maikutlo, (b) ho nka karolo ho lekanyelitsoeng mekhoeng e tataisoang ke sepheo ho arabela litlamorao tse mpe, le (c) maano a fokolang a taolo ea maikutlo. Ho fanoa ka se boleloang ke boitshunyako ba likhamphaseng tsa koleche.

Molao oa khatello ea maikutlo le bokhoba ba thobalano har'a baithuti ba koleche

            Bafuputsi ba bonts'a hore baithuti ba ka bang 75% ba kena kolecheng ka boiphihlelo bo fetileng ba thobalano (Holway, Tillman, & Brewster, 2015) mme baithuti ba koleche ba etsa boits'oaro ba thobalano bo ka aroloang ka mokhoa o hlephileng e le ba phetseng hantle, ba nang le mathata kapa ba qobelloang. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tokoloho le menyetla ea thuto e fanoang ke tikoloho ea koleche e ka hlahisa semelo se phetseng hantle ho tsoa lelapeng la tlhaho le ho lekola litekanyetso tsa botho, litumelo le litloaelo, ho kenyeletsoa tse amanang le thobalano (Smith, Franklin, Borzumato-Gainey , & Litekanyetso-Tšoeu, 2014). Baithuti ba bangata ba koleche ba hlaolela kutloisiso e ntlafetseng ea bona le litekanyetso tsa bona tsa botho mme ba kenella liketsong tsa thobalano tse tsamaellanang le litumelo tsa bona tsa tumelo. Baithuti ba bang, leha ho le joalo, ba ka kopana le lisosa tse ngata tse kotsi tsa tikoloho ea koleche mme ba etsa boits'oaro bo thata kapa bo kotsi ba thobalano.

Mohlala, kotsi e ngoe e ka bang kotsing e kenyelletsa litloaelo tsa thobalano tsa likolo tsa koleche, kaha baithuti ba tloaetse ho phahamisa palo ea balekane ba thobalano le ho ata ha thobalano ea lithaka tsa bona (Scholly, Katz, Gascoigne, & Holck, 2005). Litloaelo tsena tsa thobalano li ka tsosa khatello ea ho latela litebello tse fosahetseng tsa thobalano le ho kenya letsoho liphellong tse mpe tse fapaneng, joalo ka bokhachane bo sa batleheng (James-Hawkins, 2015), mafu a likobo (mafu a likobo; Wilton, Palmer, & Maramba 2014), tlhekefetso ea thobalano (Cleere & Lynn, 2013), le lihlong (Lunceford, 2010). Lebaka le leng le tlatsetsang boitšoarong bo kotsi ba thobalano har'a baithuti ba koleche ke tšebeliso ea joala. Bafuputsi ba amahantse tšebeliso ea joala le palo ea balekane ba thobalano har'a bacha le batho ba baholo. Ka ho khetheha, Dogan, Stockdale, Wildaman, and Coger (2010) ba entse thuto ea bolelele ba lilemo tse fetang 13 mme ba fumana hore ts'ebeliso ea joala e ne e amana hantle le palo ea balekane ba thobalano har'a batho ba baholo. Leha boitšoaro bo kotsi ba thobalano har'a baithuti ba koleche bo ka lebisa liphellong tse mpe kapa tse kotsi, liketso tsena ha li bolele hore motho o lemalla thobalano. Ke ha feela baithuti ba ba le tahlehelo ea taolo ea boits'oaro ba bona mme ba tsoelapele ho etsa ntle le litlamorao tse mpe tse tlisoang ke ho lemalla thobalano (Goodman, 2001)

Tlhekefetso ea thobalano

            Leha phehisano e itseng e le teng ka ho lemalla joala ka thobalano, haholo ha e le teng Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), litsebi tse etellang pele lithutong tse ngata ka kakaretso lia lumela hore ho lemalla thobalano ehlile ke lefu (Carnes, 2001; Goodman 2001; Phillips, Hajela, & Hilton, 2015). Goodman (1993) o hlahisitse litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba thobalano ka ho kenya lentsoe boitšoaro ba thobalano ka har'a litekanyetso tsa tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi le ho its'etleha. Ho latela maikutlo ana, bokhoba ba thobalano ha bo bue ka mofuta kapa liketso tsa thobalano. Sebakeng seo, tlatsetso ea thobalano e kenyeletsa ho nahana ka botebo le tloaelo ea ketso ea thobalano, ho sitoa ho emisa kapa ho fokotsa bobeli kahare (mohlala, ho shebella litšoantšo, litoro) le boits'oaro ba kantle (mohlala, ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho lefella thobalano) ntle le litlamorao tse sa batleheng, boiphihlelo ba mamello (e bakang ho eketseha ha maqhubu, nako, kapa ho ba le boits'oaro bo bobe ka boits'oaro), le ho ikhula (ke hore, boemo ba dysphoric ha boitšoaro bo emisoa).

Litsebi tse ling lia lumela hore boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba thobalano bo na le mathata, leha ho le joalo khetha ho nahana ka taba ena e le lefu la hypersexual ho fapana le ho lemalla (Kafka, 2010; 2014; Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). Ho latela pono ena, boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba thobalano ke bokuli ba taolo ea tšusumetso. Bafuputsi bana ba etsa lipatlisiso tsa hore ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng mabapi le boits'oaro ba bosodoma pele ho ho khetholla e le lekhoba la lithethefatsi (Kor et al., 2013).

Phapang ena ea filosofi ho polelo ea bophelo ba thobalano e sa laoloeng le litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo e etsa hore ho fumana litekanyetso tse nepahetseng tsa phetisetso e be phephetso, leha ho le joalo Carnes (2005) e hlahisitse hore ho fihlela 6% ea Maamerika e na le ts'ebeliso ea thobalano. Boithuto ho li-subsets tsa sechaba, leha ho le joalo, bo senola maqhubu a fapaneng. Ka lebaka la thuto ena, bafuputsi ba fumane litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba thobalano le khatello ea maikutlo har'a baithuti ba koleche li phahame ho feta palo ka kakaretso. Mohlala, Reid (2010) o fumane hore 19% ea ba batona ba kolecheng ba fihletse litekanyetso tsa hypersexuality mme Giordano le Cecil (2014) ba fumane 11.1% ea undergrads ea banna le basali e fihletseng litekanyetso tsena. Ntle le moo, Cashwell, Giordano, Lewis, Wachtel, le Bartley (2015) ba tlalehile 21.2% ea ba batona le ba 6.7% ea ba tlileng pele ho basali ba maemong a bona a sampole ba kopaneng le litekanyetso tsa tlhatlhobo ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano. Ka hona, keketseho e phahameng ea boitšoaro ba thobalano ntle le taolo har'a baithuti ba koleche e bonts'a tlhokeho ea kutloisiso e ntlafalitsoeng ea mabaka a boletsoeng esale pele. Ka lebaka la ho nkeha ha maikutlo le tšusumetso e amanang le bokhoba ba thobalano, moaho o le mong o amanang le bokhoba ba thobalano o ka bang le bohlokoa bo itseng ho baithuti ba koleche ke melaoana ea maikutlo.    

Taolo ea maikutlo

Molao oa maikutlo (ER) o bohareng ba lingoliloeng tse ntseng li phahama, ka litlhaloso tse ngata tse hanyetsanang, lintlafatso le likopo (Prosen & Vitulić, 2014). Bakeng sa sepheo sa thuto ea hajoale, re hlalositse ka bophara ER e le ts'ebetso ea ho sheba, ho lekola le ho fetola maikutlo a hau e le ho fihlela sepheo sa hau (Berking & Wupperman, 2012). Litekanyo tse sebetsang tsa ER li kenyelletsa bokhoni ba (a) ho hlokomela, ho utloisisa le ho amohela maikutlo, (b) ho etsa lintho tse tataisoang ke sepheo, tse sa susumelleheng nakong ea maikutlo a mabe, (c) ho sebelisa maano a taolo a feto-fetohang a itšetlehileng ka maemo , le (d) ho hlaolela tlhokomeliso ea hore maikutlo a mabe ke karolo ea bophelo (Buckholdt et al., 2015). Gratz and Roemer (2004) ba nkile qeto ea hore ts'ebetso ea ER e fapana le boiteko ba ho laola maikutlo, ho felisa maikutlo, kapa ho hatella maikutlo. Ebile, bafuputsi ba fumane hore ho laola, ho felisa kapa ho hatella maikutlo ho ka baka maemo a phahameng a khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Sebakeng sa ho hatella kapa ho ahlola boiphihlelo ba maikutlo a motho, ER ke mohato oo ho ona motho a khethollang le ho amohela maikutlo a hona joale molemong oa ho fokotsa boits'oaro ba ona le ho khothaletsa likarabelo tsa boits'oaro ba boitšoaro (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Tlhaloso ena e bolela hore ho ela hloko le ho tšelisa maikutlo ho tlisa karabelo e nepahetseng.

Ts'ebetso ea ER e lula e tsoela pele, e etsa hore e be bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello le mafu a kelello (Berking & Wupperman, 2012). Patlisiso mabapi le khokahano lipakeng tsa ER le phetoho ea kelello e bonts'a bohlokoa ba ho ba le mekhoa e mengata ea taolo le bokhoni ba ho e fetola hore e lumellane le litlhoko tsa maemo a fapaneng (Bonanno & Burton, 2013; Kashdan & Rottenberg, 2010). Batho ba atlehang ho sebelisa maano a feto-fetohang a ER hangata ba fetoha le maemo mme ka kakaretso ba natefeloa ke litholoana tse ntle tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello le tšireletso e sireletsang khahlano le mathata a kelello (Aldao, Sheppes & Gross, 2015). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ba bang ba se ba qalile ho theha litlaleho tsa ER tse amanang le psychopathology (Dixon-Gordon, Aldao, & De Los Reyes, 2015; Fowler et al., 2014). Bafuputsi, ka hona, ba lokela ho tsoelapele ho hlahloba batho ba itseng ba litleliniking le boiphihlelo ba bona bo ikhethileng ka ts'oaetso ea maikutlo (Berking & Wupperman, 2012; Sheppes, Suri & Gross, 2015), ho kenyeletsoa le ba loantšanang le bokhoba ba thobalano.

Tekanyetso ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano le molao oa maikutlo

Goodman (1993, 2001) o hlalositse boits'oaro bo bobe ba thobalano e le ho sebeletsa lits'ebetso tse peli: ho hlahisa thabo le ho fokotsa khatello ea kelello e ka hare. Kahoo, bokhoba ba boits'oaro bo hlahisa moputso kapa linaha tse futsanehileng tse hlahisoang ke ho lokolloa ha dopamine bokong (khothatso e ntle) hammoho le ho fana ka matlafatso kapa phumano e mpe liphatlalatsong tse sa rateheng tsa dysphoric (mohlala, fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo kapa ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo). Kannete Adams le Robinson (2001) ba hlakisitse hore bokhoba ba thobalano ke mokhoa oo batho ka bomong ba batlang ho baleha khatello ea maikutlo le boitšepo, le kalafo ea bokhoba ba thobalano e tlameha ho ba le karolo ea ER.

Ha a ts'ehetsa tlhahiso ena, Reid (2010) o ile a fumana hore banna ba nang le tšibollo ea maikutlo ba na le lipalo tse mpe tse phahameng ka ho feta (ka mohlala, nyatso, letsoalo le bohale) le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa maikutlo (ka mohlala, thabo, phaello, ho makatsa) ho feta mohlala. Ka ho khetheha, lehloeo le ikemetseng e ne e le moetapele ea matla oa boits'oaro bo matla har'a sampuli ea bongaka. Ho feta moo, thutong e tšoanelehang ea banna ba nang le boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano, Guigliamo (2006) o ile a fumana lihlooho tse robeli likarabo tsa barupeluoa mabapi le kamoo ba utloisisang bothata ba bona. Lihlooho tse 'maloa li emela kamano lipakeng tsa boits'oaro ba thobalano le ER joalo ka: (a) matšeliso bakeng sa maikutlo a hau a ho itšepa kapa ho inyatsa mme, (b) baleha maikutlo a sithabetsang kapa a bolayang. Litaba tsena tse peli li tsoa 9 ea likarabo tsa karolo ea 14 (Guigliamo, 2006). Ka hona, lipatlisiso tse fetileng li ts'ehetsa taba ea hore boitšoaro ba thobalano bo sa laoleheng bo ka hlaha, bonyane ka sepheo sa ho fokotsa maikutlo a sithabetsang.  

Khokahano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba thobalano le ER e kanna ea sebetsa haholo bakeng sa disampole tse kopanetsoeng. Baithuti ba koleche ba feta liphetoho tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa' me ba tobana le likhatello tse ngata nakong ea koleche. Mohlala, Hurst, Baranik, le Daniel (2013) ba hlahlobile lingoloa tse tšoanelehang tsa 40 mabapi le khatello ea mesebetsi ea matsoho mme ba supa mehloli e latelang e totobetseng ea khatello ea maikutlo ea barutoana ba koleche: likhatello tsa likamano, ho haella ha lisebelisoa (chelete, boroko, nako), litebello, barutehi, phetoho, likhatello tsa tikoloho, le mefuta-futa, har'a tse ling.

Ntle le khatello ea maikutlo e ikhethang, ho ata ha litaba tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello har'a baithuti ba koleche ho tlalehiloe hantle. Phuputsong ea baithuti ba fetang 14,000 ba koleche likhamphaseng tse 26 tse fapaneng, bafuputsi ba fumane hore 32% e na le bonyane kameho e le 'ngoe ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello (ho kenyeletsoa khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, ho ipolaea kapa ho intša kotsi). Ka lebaka la likhatello tsena le mathata a bophelo ba kelello, bafuputsi ba batlile kamano pakeng tsa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba thobalano le maikutlo a kopaneng. Phuputsong ea baithuti ba basali ba koleche ba 235, Carvalho, Guerro, Neves, and Nobre (2015) ba fumane hore tšobotsi e mpe e ama (maemo a sa foleng a maikutlo a mabe) le bothata ba ho khetholla maikutlo a boletsoeng esale pele ka ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate har'a basali ba koleche. Liphuputso tsena li tšehetsa mohopolo oa hore tlhokomeliso le kutloisiso ea maikutlo, karolo ea bohlokoa ea ER (Gratz & Roemer, 2008), e kanna ea ba bothata haholo ho baithuti ba lemaletseng thobalano.  

Matšoenyeho le likhatello tsa bophelo ba kelello ba baithuti ba koleche li ka ba etsa hore ba amehe haholo kholisong ea temallo ea thobalano e le mokhoa oa ho laola maikutlo a sithabetsang kapa a sa rateheng. Ehlile, boitšoaro bo qobelloang ho tsa thobalano bo ka bonts'a leano la seithuti le hlahelletseng la ER, ho fana ka maemo a fokolang le khutso ea nakoana. Ho fihla joale, ho na le tlhokomelo e nyane ho ER hobane e amana le boits'oaro ba barutoana ba kolecheng. Ka lebaka leo, sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho hlahloba hore na ho na le phapang pakeng tsa mathata a ER pakeng tsa sehlopha sa barutoana tlhatlhobong ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano le sehlopha sa baithuti ba sa boneng. Haholo-holo re fane ka maikutlo a hore ho na le phapang e kholo lipalo mathateng a ER a tla ba teng lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli, mme baithuti ba maemong a bongaka ba tlhekefetso ea thobalano ba bonts'a bothata bo boholo ho feta ba batho ba sa tsebeng letho.

mekhoa

Barupeluoa le Mekhoa ea Ts'ebetso

            Ho amoheloa ha thuto ena ho etsahetse univesithing e kholo, ea sechaba ka boroa-bophirima. Kamora ho fumana tumello ea Boto ea Institutional Review Board, re ile ra sebelisa sampole e bonolo ho ikopanya le baprofesa ba isang sekolong se phahameng ba batlang tumello ea ho tsamaisa tlhahlobo ea rona nakong ea liboka tsa sehlopha. Re fumane tumello ea ho etela litlelase tsa baithuti ba 12 ba tsoang lithutong tse fapaneng (ke hore, bonono, ho bala libuka, biology, theatre, thuto, thuto ea sechaba) mme re bile re memme liithuti tsohle tsa undergardi 18 ea lilemo li kapa ho feta hore ba kenye letsoho thutong. Baithuti ba khethileng ho nka karolo ba bile le monyetla oa ho kenella setšoantšong sa karete ea limpho lebenkeleng la mabenkele la moo. Pokello ea data e hlahisitse barupeluoa ba 360. Mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa e kenyelletsa ho ngolisoa ha joale univesithing le bonyane lilemo tsa 18. Barupeluoa ba leshome le metso e supileng ha baa ka ba tlaleha lilemo tsa bona mme ba tlosoa. Ntle le moo, lipakete tse tšeletseng tsa tlhahlobo li ne li sa fella ka hona li sa kenyelletsoa tlhahlobisong e ngoe. Kahoo, sampole ea hoqetela e ne e kentse karolo ea bankakarolo ba 337.

Barupeluoa ba ile ba tlaleha lilemo tse pakeng tsa 23.19 (SD = 5.04). Boholo ba barupeluoa ba khethiloeng e le basali (n = 200, 59.35%), ba nkileng karolo ea 135 (40.06%) ba supang e le monna, morupeluoa a le mong (.3%) ba khethollang e le transgender, mme morupeluoa a le mong (.3%) a sa arabele ntho ena. Mabapi le morabe / morabe, sampole ea rona e ne e fapane ka ho hlaka: 11.57% e khethiloe e le Asia (n = 39), 13.06% e khethiloe e le American American / Black (n = 44), 17.21% e khethiloe e le Latino / Hispanic (n = 58), 5.64% e khethiloe e le Merabe-e mengatan = 19), 0.3% e khethiloe e le Native American (n = 1), 50.74% e tsebisoe e le Bosoeu (n = 171), le 1.48% e tsebisoe e le tse ling (n = 5). Barupeluoa ba boetse ba emetse likamano tse fapaneng tsa thobalano: 2.1% e khethiloeng e le basodoma (n = 7), 0.9% e khethiloe e le lesbi (n = 3), 4.7% e tsebisoe e le ea bobelin = 16), 0.6% e khethiloe e le tse ling, le 91.4% e khethiloe e le monna oa bong bo fapaneng (n = 308). Bongata ba batho ba neng ba nka karolo e ne e le li-unclassman univesithing ea bona ha 0.9% e itse ba le freshman (n = 3), 6.5% ha e le lipomores (n = 22), 30.9% ha e sa le bacha (n = 104), le 56.7% joalo ka batho ba baholo (n = 191), le morupeluoa a le mong (.3%) ha a arabe ntho ena. Barupeluoa ba mashome a mararo a metso e mehlano (10.39%) ba bonts'itse hore ba na le ts'oaetso ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello, sehlopha se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa barupeluoa sena se tlaleha mofuta o mong oa lefu la ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo (n = 27).

Instrumentation

Pakete ea lipatlisiso e ne e na le lenane la lipotso tsa palo ea batho le lisebelisoa tse peli tsa tlhahlobo tse lekantsoeng. Barupeluoa ba phethile Mathata a Boemo ba Taolo ea Maikutlo (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Lintho tse 36 tsa DERS li hlahisa lintlha tse tšeletseng tsa ER: (a) Ho se amohele likarabo tsa maikutlo, kapa tloaelo ea ho ba le maikutlo a mabe a maikutlo a maikutlo a sa rateheng, (b) Mathata a ho ba le boits'oaro bo laoloang ke sepheo, a hlalosoang e le ho thatafalloa ho tsepamisa mohopolo le ho fihlela sepheo se lakatsehang. mesebetsi ha o na le maikutlo a mabe, (c) Mathata a Taolo ea Ts'usumetso, kapa ho loanela ho boloka taolo ea likarabelo tsa boits'oaro ha o na le maikutlo a mabe, (d) Ho hloka tlhokomeliso ea maikutlo, ho hlalosoang e le ho se tsotelle maikutlo a mabe, (e) Ho fihlella moelelo oa maikutlo Mekhoa ea taolo, e hlalosoang e le tumelo ea hore, hang ha u sithabetse, ha ho na letho le ka etsoang ho sebetsana ka katleho le khatello ea maikutlo, le (f) Ho hloka maikutlo a hlakileng, kapa hore na motho o tseba le ho hlaka hakae ka maikutlo o na le bothata (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Barupeluoa ba shebile lintho tse amanang le ER (mohlala, "Ke thatafalloa ho utloisisa maikutlo a ka,") mme ba bonts'a makhetlo ho sekala sa lintlha tsa 5 tsa Likert ho tloha "Hoo e ka bang ha ho mohla, 0-10% ea nako" ho isa ho "Hoo e ka bang Kamehla, 91-100% ea nako. ” Lintlha tse phahameng tsa subscale li bonts'a bothata bo boholo ho ER. Bafuputsi ba sebelisitse DERS ka katleho le mehlala ea batho ba sebetsanang le lithethefatsi le lits'ebetso (Fox, Hong & Sinha, 2008; Hormes, Kearns & Timko, 2014; Williams et al., 2012) ka lipalo tse bonts'ang botsitso bo kahare ba kahare le ho aha bonnete. (Gratz & Roemer, 2004; Schreiber, Grant & Odlaug, 2012). Lintlha tse tsoang ho li-subscales tsa DERS li ne li na le maemo a amohelehang a Cronbach's alpha (Henson, 2001) ka har'a sampole ea hajoale: Nonaccept (.91), Goals (.90), Impulse (.88), Aware (.81), Strategies (.90), le Ho hlaka (.82).  

Kamora nako, re kentse Core Subscale ea 20 ea Teko ea Tlhatlhobo ea Thobalano ea Thobalano e Hlahlobileng (SAST-R; Li-Carnes, Green & Carnes, 2010) molemong oa ho khetholla lipakeng tsa lihlotšoana tsa kliniki le tseo e seng tsa bongaka ka har'a sampole ea rona. SAST-R e sebelisoa haholo ho lekola bokhoba ba thobalano maemong a fapaneng mme lintlha tsa eona li bonts'itse botsitso bo phahameng ba kahare le bonnete ba khethollo (Carnes et al., 2010). Core Subscale e na le mokhoa oa karabelo o matla oa Ee / Che ho lekola litšoaneleho tsa bokhoba ba thobalano bo tloaelehileng bathong ba fapaneng ho kenyelletsa ho tsepamisa mohopolo, tahlehelo ea taolo, pherekano e amang maikutlo, le pherekano ea likamano (Carnes et al., 2010). Mohlala oa SAST-R Core Scale ke hore, "Na u se u lekile ho tlohela mofuta oa thobalano 'me u hlotsoe?" Lintlha tse amohelehang tsa kliniki ea cutoff ea SAST-R ea mantlha ke tse tšeletseng mme e bonts'a tlhoko ea tlhahlobo e eketsehileng le kalafo e ka bang teng ea bokhoba ba thobalano. Lintlha tse sampoleng ea hajoale li bontšitse ho ts'epahala hoa kahare ka alpha ea Cronbach ea .81.  

Results

Pele re etsa lipatlisiso tsa lipotso tsa mantlha tsa lipatlisiso, re ile ra sekaseka mekhoa le kheloha e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea likhakanyo tsa DERS har'a baithuti ba maemong a kliniki bakeng sa ho lemalla likamano tsa botona le botšehali le ba maemong a sa hloloheng (Tafoleng ea 1). Ho etsa tlhahlobo ea phapang ea homogeneity, re sebelisitse Box's M tlhatlhobo. Teko ena e ne e le ea bohlokoa ka lipalo, e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ka etsahala hore ho be le tlola ea mohopolo oa sampole ea rona ea hona joale. E le Lebokose M teko e ela hloko ho se ts'oane, leha ho le joalo, boholo ba mehlala ea rona e sa lekanang bo kopantsoe le palo e kholo ea mefuta e itšetlehileng ka eona e kanna ea kenya letsoho sephethong sena (Huberty & Lowman, 2000). Ka hona, re ile ra lekola lipono tsa phapang / covariance mme ra tiisa hore tse ngata li oetse haufi le ho tšoana ho feta liphapang.

            Ho sebetsana le potso ea mantlha ea lipatlisiso, re sebelisitse tlhahlobo e hlalosang ea khethollo (DDA), tlhahlobo e entsoeng ka bongata e sebelisitsoeng ketsahalong ena ho fumana hore na likarolo life tsa ER li kenya letsoho karohano ea lihlopha tsena tse peli, tabeng ena tleliniking le bao e seng ba bongaka (Sherry, 2006). DDA e phahame ho MANOVA e le 'ngoe hobane e fana ka leseli mabapi le monehelo o lekanyelitsoeng oa phapang e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea ho hlalosa liphapang tsa sehlopha ka har'a maemo a kopaneng, ho fapana le li-ANOVA tse sa lumellaneng ho latela sephetho sa multivariate (Enders, 2003). Ka tsela ena, lintho tse feto-fetohang ho DDA li kopantsoe 'moho, motsoako o fapaneng o sebelisoang ho khetholla pakeng tsa lihlopha. Thutong ea rona, tlhahlobo e batlile ho bona hore na ho na le liphapang tse ngata pakeng tsa baithuti ba sehlopha sa tlhekefetso ea thobalano le ba leng maemong a sa ts'oaneng ho li-subscales tse tšeletseng tsa DERS.

Re sebelisitse SAST-R cutoff lintlha ho khetholla liithuti e le lingaka tsa bongaka kapa tse senang tlhekefetso ea thobalano. Re khetholle baithuti ba fumaneng lintlha tse tšeletseng kapa ho feta SAST-R Core Scale e le tsa bongaka (n = 57, 16.9%) le ba fumaneng lintlha tse ka tlase ho tse tšeletseng e le bao e seng ba bongaka (n = 280, 83.1%). Ho tlola sena ka bong, 17.8% ea banna le 15.5% ea basali mohlaleng o fetisitse tlhahlobo ea bongaka.

Tlhahlobo ea mantlha e sebelisang DDA e ne e le ea bohlokoa lipalo, e bonts'a phapang ea litho tsa sehlopha ho arohaneng ho itšetlehileng ka likarolo tse qapiloeng ho tsoa lipapisong tse tšeletseng (Tafole ea 2). Ka ho khetheha, khokahano ea "canonical" e hlophisitsoeng e bonts'itsoeng e bonts'a hore setho sa sehlopha se ikarabelletse 8.82% ea phapang e teng phapusing e itšetlehileng ka sehlopha. Re fetoletse boholo ba phello (1- Wilks 'lambda = .088) joalo ka ha ho fumaneha mokheng oa mahareng ho fanoa ka mofuta oa sampole le mefuta e ithutoang (cf. Cohen, 1988). Kahoo, phapang e utloisang bohloko mathateng a ER e bile teng lipakeng tsa barupeluoa ba tlhekefetso ea thobalano le batho ba sa boneng letho.

            Kamora moo re ile ra hlahloba li-coefficients tse lekanang tsa mosebetsi oa khethollo le li-coefficients tsa sebopeho ho bona hore na monehelo oa karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea DERS e tlisa phapang lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli. Seo re se fumaneng se senotse hore subscales tse sa amoheloang, maano, le sepheo ke tsona tse ikarabellang bakeng sa liphapang lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli (Tafole ea 3). Haholo-holo, lintlha ho subscale e sa amoheloang li tlalehiloe ka 89.3% ea phapang e felletseng e hlalositsoeng, lintlha ho subsidiale ea Strategies e tlalehiloe ka 59.4%, le lintlha ho subsistale ea Goals e hlahisitsoeng ke 49.7%. Lichelete tsa Clarity le Impulse li bapala karolo ea bobeli ho hlalosa phapang ea sehlopha, leha phapang eo Clarity a neng a khona ho e hlalosa ka phello e batla e fokotsoe ka botlalo mme e hlalositsoe ke mefuta e meng e boletsoeng esale pele, joalo ka ha e bonts'a boima ba eona bo haufi le zero le sebopeho se seholo . Subscale ea Aware ha ea ka ea bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho kenya letsoho phapusing ea sehlopha. Tlhahlobo ea li-centroids tsa sehlopha li netefalitse hore sehlopha sa bongaka se ne se e-na le lintlha tse phahameng tsa DERS (se bonts'a mathata a ho laola maikutlo) ho feta sehlopha se sa sebetseng. Li-coefficients tsohle tsa sebopeho li ne li le ntle, li bonts'a hore ba sehlopheng sa bongaka ba ne ba rata ho ba le mathata a phahameng a ER ho li-subscales tsohle, esita le tse sa kang tsa kenya letsoho phapang e kholo ea phapang ea multivariate.   

Ho feta moo, mekhoa ea sehlopha le ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng ho hlalositse hore lintlha tsa subscale tse sa amoheloang, maano, le sepheo li ne li phahame ho sehlopha sa kliniki ha se bapisoa le sehlopha sa nonclinical (bona Lethathamo la 1). Ka hona, baithuti ba bongaka ba tlhekefetso ea thobalano ba tlalehileng ho amoheloa ha maikutlo, ba thatafalloa ke ho etsa lintho tse amanang le sepheo, le phihlello e fokolang ea maano a ho bapisa maikutlo ha a bapisoa le baithuti ba maemo a holimo.

Puisano

            Ho fumana hore barupeluoa ba 57 (16.9%) ba hapileng sekhahla sa kliniki ho SAST-R ho tsamaellana le liphetho tse fetileng (Cashwell et al., 2015; Giordano & Cecil, 2014; Reid, 2010), ho bonts'a hore baithuti ba koleche ba ka ba le palo e phahameng ea boits'oaro ba thobalano ho feta batho ka kakaretso. Liphumano tsena li kanna tsa ba li bakiloe ke tikoloho e nang le khatello ea maikutlo, nako e ngata e sa hlophisoang, phihlello ea marang-rang e fumanehang hohle, le tikoloho e tšehetsang setso sa ho hokahana (Bogle, 2008). Tlhahiso ena ha e ea lebelloa, he, hape e tsamaellana le ngangisano ea hore bokhoba ba thobalano hangata bo hlaha nakong ea bocha le bohlankaneng (Goodman, 2005). Se shebahalang se ikhethile ka sampole ena ke khaello ea ho se tšoane ho atileng lipakeng tsa banna le basali (17.8% le 15.5%, ka ho latellana), athe bafuputsi ba pejana (Cashwell et al., 2015) ba fumane banna ba na le sekhahla se phahameng sa ts'oaetso ea thobalano ho feta basali. Bafuputsi ba kamoso ba lokela ho shebisisa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa litekanyo tse sebelisoang ke bafuputsi mme ba tsoele pele ho lekola le ho ntlafatsa se tsejoang ka sekhahla sa ts'oaetso ea thobalano har'a banna le basali ba koleche.

Seo re se fumaneng se ts'ehetso ea rona ea maikutlo eo baithuti ba fumaneng karohano ea bongaka ho SAST-R Core Scale ba tla thatafalloa ke ho laola maikutlo. Ka ho khetheha, liphallelo tse tharo tsa li-DERS li ne li ikarabella ho phapang e kholo lipalo pakeng tsa lihlopha, 'me ho hlahisitse boholo ba boholo bo boholo bo bohareng. Seo re se fumaneng se senotse hore baithuti ba fumaneng tlhahlobo ea liteko tsa SAST-R ba thatafalloa ke ho amohela likarabo tsa bona tsa maikutlo, ho etsa lintho tse lebisitsoeng ho sepheo le ho fihlella maano a ho laola maikutlo. Taba ea hore baithuti ba maemong a bongaka a tlhekefetso ea thobalano ba na le bothata bo eketsehileng ba ER e tšehetsa tlhahiso ea Goodman's (1993, 2001) hore o mong oa mesebetsi ea mantlha ea ho lemalla thobalano ke ho laola litšusumetso tse mpe. Ka hona, ba nang le bothata ba ho laola liphihlelo tsa bona tsa maikutlo ba ka ba kotsing e kholo ea ho etsa boitsoaro ba thobalano e le mokhoa oa ho imolla khatello ea maikutlo. Ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, sena se ka etsa hore u kopane le boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano.

Khopolo ea Polyvagal (Porges, 2001, 2003) e fana ka moralo oa bohlokoa oa mohopolo oa motheo oa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea methapo ebile, bonyane ka karolo, e ka hlalosa lipatlisiso tsena. Ho ea ka Porges, likarabo tsa boits'oaro (joalo ka bokhoba ba ts'ebetso ea thobalano) li tsoa mekhoeng e ntlafatsang e tsebisitsoeng ke tsamaiso ea methapo, 'me likarabo tsena tsa boitšoaro li hokahane le ER. Mohlala, khatello ea maikutlo e ama bokhoni ba taolo ea physiology le boits'oaro ba sechaba, hangata bo lebisa ho mefuta e thibetsoeng ea polelo ea maikutlo. Linakong tsa khatello e matla haholo, batho ba tloaetse ho sebelisa likarabo tsa khale tse hlakileng, tse kang ntoa, sefofane, kapa freeze (Porges, 2001). Khafetsa, boitšoaro bo bobe ba botona le botšehali bo na le sefofane kapa ts'ebetso ea ho qoba, ho thusa motho ho hatella kapa ho qoba maikutlo ao a bang le ona a sithabetsang. Ka bomalimabe, leha ho le joalo, boits'oaro bo hlahisang phomolo ea nakoana matšoenyehong a maikutlo bo baka khatello ea maikutlo ea nako e telele le khatello ea maikutlo (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), e tlatsetsang potolohong ea tahi.

         Tlhahlobo ea litlatsetso tse bohlokoa haholo tse kenyang karohano ea sehlopha thutong ea rona ea morao-rao (ke hore, e sa amoheloang, maano, le sepheo), e fana ka leseli mabapi le ts'ebetso ea ER ea ba maemong a bongaka ba tlhekefetso ea thobalano. Leha ho ke ke ha khoneha ho fihlela liqeto tse tiileng mabapi le tatellano, ho bonahala ho na le mabaka a mangata a hore ho nka bohato bo tataisoang ke sepheo le ho fihlella maano a ER ho boletsoe ha motho a amohela karabelo ea hae ea maikutlo. Ka mantsoe a mang, bokhoni ba ho tsamaisa maikutlo (Strategies subscale) le ho etsa lintho tse lebisitsoeng ho sepheo (sepheo sa Subalale) lia fokotsoa ha motho a hatella kapa a qoba khatello ea maikutlo (subsaccale subscale). Kahoo, karolo e sa amoheloeng ea ER e bonahala e le bohlokoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng, hape e bile le seabo ho boholo bo fapaneng bo hlalositsoeng. Lintho tse fumanehang ka har'a subscale e sa amoheloang li bonts'a hore batho ba hanang maikutlo a bona a fosahetseng ba tloaetse ho ikutloa ka tsela e fapaneng ha ba sithabetse maikutlong, ho kenyeletsoa molato, lihlong, lihlong, ho hlonama, kapa ho ikutloa o fokola. Ka hona, ho ka etsahala hore e 'ngoe ea mathata a ntlafatsang ka ho sebetsa le bareki ba nang le ts'ebetso ea thobalano e tsosang takatso ke ho tsamaisa karabelo e nang le kutloelo-bohloko haholoanyane maikutlong a maikutlo. Liphetho tse tsoang phuputsong ena li bonts'a hore ba nang le boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano ba tloaetse ho itšoaea liphoso ha ba le khatello ea maikutlo, ka hona, ba kanna ba sebeletsa ho hana kapa ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ea mantlha ho qoba karabelo ea maikutlo a bobeli, ho sitisa bokhoni ba bona ba ho khetha mekhoa e metle ea ho tsamaisa maikutlo le ho etsa lintho tse tataisoang ke sepheo.

         Porges (2001) o khothalelitse hore mekhoa ea kalafo e sebelisoe ho theha linaha tse khutsitseng le ho kenya tšebetsong taolo ea methapo ea kutlo, e ka thusang ho khothaletsa taolo ea sistimi ea boitlamo ba sechaba. Ha ho felle moo pampiri ena e ka hlahlobang ka botlalo mekhoa le mekhoa ea ho etsa sena, empa sebaka sa ho qala bakeng sa lingaka e tla ba mekhoa e thehiloeng kelellong (Gordon, & Griffiths, 2014; Roemer, Williston, & Rollins, 2015; Vallejo & Amaro , 2009). Mohlala, Roemer et al. (2015) o fumane hore tloaelo ea ho ba le kelello e tsamaellana le phokotso ea khatello ea maikutlo le ts'ebetso e mpe ea boits'oaro, mme e eketsa bokhoni ba motho ba ho etsa boits'oaro bo tataisoang ke sepheo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, Menezes and Bizarro (2015) o fumane hore ho thuisa ho tsepamisitsoeng hantle ho amme kamohelo ea maikutlo a mabe. Mekhoa e meng ea ho kenella e ka shebana le kutloelo-bohloko (Neff, 2015), le mekhoa e nkuoeng ho tsoa ho Amohelo le Boitlamo Therapy (ACT) ho khothaletsa kamohelo, tšitiso ea kelello, le ho hlahisa tlhokomeliso ea motsotsoana (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006 ), tseo kaofela li ka ts'ehetsang taolo ea maikutlo.

         Morero, ka hona, ho sebelisa mekhoa e thehiloeng ho ho hlokomela kelello ke ho fa baithuti mekhoa e meng ea bophelo bo botle ho laola maikutlo. Ha re nahana ka khatello ea maikutlo le bokuli ba kelello bo fumanoeng ke liithuti tse ngata tsa koleche, ha ho makatse hore ebe ho thata ho laola maikutlo. Ho kenella ka mokhoa o nepahetseng le o sebetsang bakeng sa ho sebetsana le mathata ana ho ka kenyelletsa ho fana ka mekhoa e metle ea ho laola likotsi tse mpe (joalo ka mekhoa ea kelello), ka hona, ho fokotsa ts'epho ea baithuti liketsong tsa thobalano molemong oa ER. Hobane moralo oa lipatlisiso tsa hona joale e ne e le karolo ea motheo, ho kenella ka mokhoa o eketsehileng le lipatlisiso tse telele li reriloeng ho tsoelapele ho senya sephetho se ka bang teng sa ER ka boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela likobo le katleho ea maano a itseng a ho kena lipakeng.

sheba mefokolo ea

         Liphumano tsa hajoale li lokela ho hlahlojoa ho latela maemo a thuto. Lintlha tsohle li ile tsa bokelloa ho tsoa litlelaseng tse sa sebetseng univesithing e le 'ngoe ea sechaba. Leha barupeluoa ba ne ba nkiloe lithutong tse fapaneng tsa thuto, ha ho tsejoe hore na litholoana tsena li fetoha joang libakeng tse ling kapa mefuta ea liunivesithi. Ntle le moo, ho nka karolo ho ne ho etsoa ka boithaopo 'me ha ho tsejoe hore na ba neng ba khethile ho nka karolo ba ne ba fapane joang ka mokhoa o fapaneng le ba neng ba hana. Ntle le moo, data eohle e ile ea bokelloa ka ho itlaleha, e kanna ea etsa hore barupeluoa ba bang ba tlalehe boitšoaro ba thobalano ho SAST-R kapa ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ho BA BANG. Kamora nako, leha litho tsa sehlopha li fane ka leseli la bohlokoa mabapi le mathata a taolo ea maikutlo, phapang e ngata e ntse e sa hlalosoe.

fihlela qeto e

         Liphetho tsa thuto ena li bonts'a bohlokoa ba ho hlahloba le ho alafa ER har'a baithuti ba koleche ba loanang le boits'oaro bo bobe ba thobalano. Le ha ho ntse ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse ling ho hlakisa khokahano ena, litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello tse sebetsang le ts'ebetso ea thobalano e ts'oanelehang li tla sebelisoa hantle ho lekola lits'ebetso le maano a ER har'a bareki ba loantšanang le boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano, le ho thusa baithuti ho laola khatello ea maikutlo ka bophelo bo botle. mekhoa le ho nts'etsapele maano a lebisitsoeng ho sepheo sa ho sebetsana ka katleho le khatello ea bophelo ba koleche.

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Lethathamo 1

DERS Subscale mekhoa le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho kheloha

Hlokomela. Clinical SA Sehlopha: n = 57; Sehlopha se seng sa Clinical SA: n = 280

Lethathamo 2

Lethathamo 3

Coefficients e Tloaelehileng ea Ts'ebetso le Tloaelo ea Coform