Ho hlahloba kamoo boitsebiso ba ho kopanela liphate bo hlalosang litumelo tsa thobalano, kutloisiso le mekhoa ea banna ba bacha: tlhahlobo ea boleng bo botle (2018)

Charles, P. 'me Meyrick, J. (2018)

Tlaleho ea Health Psychology. ISSN 1359-1053

inahaneloang

morero

Patlisiso e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano tse hlalosang thobalano (SEM) ho na le litlamorao tse mpe litumelong, maikutlong le liketsong tsa bahlankana, empa lipatlisiso tse nyane li hlokometse hore na sena se ka etsahala joang. Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho sebetsana le bothata bona bo hlahang le ho hlahloba tšusumetso e itlalehang ea ho pepesehela SEM ho banna ba banyenyane e le ho utloisisa ka nepo litlamorao tsa ho khothaletsoa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano.

Method

Mohlala oa 'barui ba lehloa' la barupeluoa ba lilemo tse pakeng tsa 18-25 ba ile ba hiroa sebakeng se le seng sa mosebetsi. Ho ba 40 ba memiloeng, ba 11 ba arabetse phuputsong ea boleng. Lintlha tsa tlhahlobo li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Tlhahlobo ea Thematic

Liphello le Liphello

Lihlooho tsa bohlokoa tse hlahang ho data e ne e le: - maemo a eketsehang a ho fumaneha ha SEM, ho kenyelletsa le keketseho ea litaba tse fetelletseng (Hohle moo U Shebang) tse bonoang ke banna ba banyenyane thutong ena e le tse nang le litlamorao tse mpe ho maikutlo le boits'oaro ba thobalano (Litholoana tse mpe - Seo ha se setle). Lintlha li fana ka maikutlo a ferekaneng (Litemana tsa 'nete Leholo) ho pota litebello tsa bahlankana mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba thobalano (Bophelo ba Botona le Botšehali bo Botle). Lithuto tsa lelapa kapa tsa thobalano li ka fana ka 'tšireletso' (Buffers) maemong a mathata ao bacha ba a bonang ho SEM

Selelekela

Pefo ea thobalano ke bothata bo boholo ba bophelo bo botle ba sechaba (Towl, 2018) lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao tsa baahi tse tsoang USA li bonts'a hore 81% ea basali le 43% e tlaleha boiphihlelo ba tlhekefetso ea thobalano (Kearl, 2018), e nang le litlamorao tse kholo bophelong bahlaseluoa le bafosi.

Bopaki ba haufinyane bo sekaseka litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho bana le bacha (Quadara, El-Murr le Latham, 2017) li tlaleha hore "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse hlahelletseng, tse tsebahalang le tse fumanehang habonolo li na le melaetsa le boits'oaro ka thobalano, bong, matla le monyaka tse e na le mathata a tebileng ”.

Tlhahlobo e felletseng ea lilemo tsa 20 tsa lipatlisiso tse potolohileng khokahano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boits'oaro (Peter le Valkenburg, 2016) li bonts'a litlamorao ho batseteli ka bobeli, mme mabapi le tlhekefetso ea thobalano, ba fumane tlhekefetso e kholo ea thobalano, mabapi le bosholu le tlhekefetso

Phuputso ea Australia (Davis, Carrotte, Hellard le Lim, 2018) ea N = 517 batho ba bacha ba bong bo fapaneng ba hohela tlhokomelo ho mekhoa e mecha eo boitšoaro ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bo bonoang le ho khetholloa ke bamameli ba bacha ba bong bo fapaneng.

Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng (Wright et al, 2016) ea lipatlisiso e hokahanyang tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le liketso tsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano e fumane bopaki bo botle lipatlisisong le hore litaba tse mabifi e kanna ea ba ntho e mpefatsang. Lipatlisiso li hloka ho rarolla bothata bo hlahang ba ho fumaneha ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro haholoholo ka liforomo tsa dijithale (Davis, 2018). Patlisiso e se e bonts'itse phello ho nts'etsopele ea bacha le setso sa bacha ka litsela tse ngata tse e-so ho ka li bonoa le ho haola le meeli ea setso le lefats'e (Peter & Valkenburg, 2016).

Liphuputso tse entsoeng ka sefapano li bontšitse hore bacha ba ithuta boits'oaro ba thobalano ho latela SEM (Häggström-Nordin et al, 2006; Alexy, Burgess & Prentky, 2009) le hore sena se ka baka litebello tse fosahetseng tsa thobalano (Tsitsika, Critselis Kormas, Konstantoulaki, Constantopoulos le Kafetzis, 2009). Peter & Valkenburg, (2010) o ile a fumana ho pepeseha khafetsa ha SEM ho felletse ka litumelo tse ntseng li eketseha tsa hore li ts'oana le thobalano ea lefats'e ea sebele ('nete ea sechaba) le mohloli oa tlhaiso-leseling ka thobalano (utility).

Leha ho le joalo, mosebetsi oa boleng bo phahameng o qhekellang mekhoa e amanang le likamano tsena o na le moeli (Peter le Valkenburg, 2016. Löfgren-Mårtenson & Mansson, (2010) o hlokometse hore ke bacha ba bang feela ba elelloang mofuta oa SEM o seng oa nnete. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro bakeng sa 'ho ruta' le ho ja litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ikutloa li le tlas'a khatello ea ho li etsisa (Rothman et al 2015) Ho ba kotsing ho ka matlafatsa kamano ena joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ke tlhaiso-leseling e tsoang ho BME MSM e nyane naheng ea Amerika (Arrington-Sanders et al 2015) ea neng a na le tlase phihlello ea thuto e loketseng ea thobalano.

Sepheo sa lipatlisiso tsena e ne e le ho qala ho fumana mabaka a ho pepesoa ke SEM litumelong tsa thobalano, kutloisiso le lits'ebetso tsa bahlankana ka liakhaonto tsa bona.

mekhoa

Phuputso ea boleng e sebelisitsoe ho lekola ts'ebeliso ea SEM. Sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo sa inthanete se sa tsejoeng se ile sa khethoa ho netefatsa hore motho ea nkang karolo ha a tsejoe le ho fokotsa litakatso tsa sechaba likarabelong. Potso ea lipotso ha ea ka ea sebelisa tlhaloso ea mantlha ea SEM empa e kopile barupeluoa ho hlalosa seo ba se boneng. Lipotso moo li etselitsoeng ho etsa lipatlisiso ha li ntse li hlahisa tlhaiso-leseling ea mantlha ka mehloli ea ts'ebeliso, thuto ea thobalano le temoho ea bophelo bo botle ba thobalano.

Ho sebelisa sebaka sa mosebetsi (setsi sa mehala) se sebelisang boholo ba bahlankana, leano la mehlala le ne le ikemiselitse ho hira bahlankana ba ka nahanang ka boiphihlelo ba bocha ba SEM empa hape ba tlaleha hore na sena se amme likamano tsa botona le botšehali joang nakong ea bongoana (18-25 yrs) ba ile ba hiroa ke mabitso a batho ba lehloeng le sampling ba ile ba tsoela pele ho fihlela moo ho neng ho se na tlhaiso-leseling e ncha e hlahang. Banna ba 40, ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse leshome le metso e robeli ho isa ho mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano ba ile ba mengoa ho nka karolo phuputsong ena, mme bankakarolo ba 11 ba phethile phuputso (Sheba Sehlomathiso A).

Barupeluoa ba phethile kopi e thata (e khutlisitsoeng ka enfelopo e sa tsejoeng) kapa mofuta oa inthanete (o khutlisitsoeng ka lengolo-tsoibila) oa patlisiso e sa tsejoeng, ea boleng. Ts'ebetso ea tlhaiso-leseling e entsoe ka methati e tšeletseng ea tlhaiso-leseling e hlakileng (Braun & Clarke, 2006), ho lekola boleng ba semantic ba data ka ho hlahisa likhoutu tsa pele pele ho batloa le ho khetholla lihlooho tsa sehlooho, Sehlomathiso B se fana ka lethathamo la tlhahlobo ho tsoa ho data ho bua ka sehlooho se qotsitsoeng tafoleng ea ho kh'outa le setšoantšo se qaqileng haholoanyane sa lihlooho le lihlooho tse nyane (Sehlomathiso B). Bokhabane ba botoloki bo ne bo tšehelitsoe ke nts'etsopele ea polelo ea motho ka boeena e bonts'ang ke mofuputsi le motsamaisi netefatso ea lihlooho (Meyrick, 2006)

Tumellanong le Melao-motheo ea Boits'oaro

Boto ea melao ea boitšoaro ea University of West of England ea Health and Life Science e fane ka tumello ea boits'oaro bakeng sa boithuto bona lits'ebetso tsohle tse entsoeng phuputsong ena li ne li latela melao ea boitšoaro e boletsoeng Phatlalatsong ea Helsinki ea 1964 le liphetoho tsa eona tsa morao-rao kapa litekanyetso tse tšoanang tsa boitšoaro. Tumello e nang le tsebo e fumanoe ho bohle ba nkang karolo ho kenyelelitsoe phuputsong. Khohlano ea Thahasello: Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore ha ba na khohlano ea lithahasello.

Results

Barupeluoa ba kenyelelitse banna ba 11 ba pakeng tsa lilemo tsa 18-25 kaofela ba sebetsa mosebetsing o le mong. Ba fuoe li-pseudonyms bakeng sa ho se tsejoe.

Tlhatlhobo e ikhethileng e sebelisitsoeng likarabong tsena tsa tlhahlobo ea boleng e hlahisitse lihlooho tse tšeletseng tsa bohlokoa tse neng li le teng ka har'a data. Lihlooho tsena li bonoa li le bohlokoa ho khetholla litumelo, kutloisiso le liketso tsa bankakarolo bohle. Lihlooho li ngotsoe 'me li hlahisoa ka tatellano e hlakileng “Hohle moo U Shebang","Liphello Tse Mpe - Ha se Molemo","Buffers, thuto ea thobalano le lelapa","Litemana tsa 'nete Leholo"Le"Bophelo ba Botona le Botšehali bo Botle“. Lihlooho li hlahisoa ka tatellano ena ho bonts'a pale e akaretsang e tsamaisang data le ho tsebisa mekhoa e ka bang teng. Setšoantšo sa 1, se rala meralo ea bohlokoa (ka 'mala o moputsoa) mabapi le methati ea tsela mme se bonts'a lihlooho tsa sehlooho.

1. Hohle moo U Shebang

Sehlooho sena se hlalosoa ke mekhoa ea ho pepesehela SEM e tlalehiloeng ke litho tsa sehlopha mme e fana ka bopaki ba boiketlo le marang-rang eo ho bonahalang eka litaba tsena li fumaneha ka inthanete e le mohloli o boletsoeng ka ho fetisisa.

"Ke hlokometse haholo-holo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse boima tseo ke li fumanang ho tsoa liwebsaeteng tsa mahala" - Sid

“Leqephe la 3, mag mag (Zoo & Nuts)” - Tom

“Livideo tsa 'mino tse hlakileng, banana ba TV moo u lulang teng” - Richard

            "Instagram" - Mo      

Barupeluoa ba ne ba bonahala ba bonts'a tekanyo e itseng ea kamohelo ea ho bonoa ha SEM ke batona ba lilemong tsa bocha lefatšeng la sejoale, ba bona boits'oaro e le karolo ea ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea nts'etsopele.

"Ke nahana hore ke karolo ea ho hola". - Ross

Leha ho le joalo, ba bang ba ne ba bonahala ba hlokomela sephetho se ka ba kotsi, ba susumetsa teko ea thobalano ho batona ba lilemong tsa bocha.

"Ke tšoenyeha ka tšusumetso eo e bileng le eona ho bacha, ka lebaka la litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke lekile ho leka ho kopitsa lintho tseo ke li boneng mme ha se tsohle tse bileng le liphihlelo tse ntle (meketjana ea thobalano, thobalano ea sehlopha jj."). - Gaz

"Ha ke ne ke sa hlokomele hakaalo, ke ile ka iphumana ke lemaletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka lebaka la boiketlo boo nka bo fumanang le moputso oa lik'hemik'hale tse bokong ba ka". - Alfie &

2. Liphello Tse Mpe - Hase Molemo

Barupeluoa ba ne ba bonahala ba khona ho lemoha mathata a ka bang teng ka tšebeliso ea SEM.

“Ke boetse ke re e matlafatsa mehopolo e kotsi ea taolo ea bong. Basali hangata ba hlahisoa ba ikokobelitse mme ba susumetsoa habonolo ke banna. Banna hangata ba hlahisoa e le bona ba laolang le joalo ka bong bo matla. Ke lumela hore sena se amme batho ba hlaselehang habonolo sechabeng sa rona, sa matlafatsa bochaba ho sechaba sa rona, sa etsa hore maikutlo a matla a basali a se ke a lakatseha. ” - Bob

“Thobalano e le sehlahisoa se ka fihlelloang habonolo le ho rekoa. E fetola tsela eo ba talimang banana le basali ka eona, khanyetso, banana eseng batho ”- Mo

Sehlopheng sena, mekhoa ea boits'oaro ea bong e bonts'itsoeng ho SEM le eona e ne e bonahala e fetola tsela eo banna ba bacha ba itebang ka eona.

"E ka etsa hore banna ba bang ba ikutloe ba sa sireletseha ka bokhoni ba bona ba thobalano kaha ba ke ke ba lula halelele joalo ka banna ba bang ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" - Richard

"Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li entse hore ke ikutloe ke sa tšoanelehe joaloka monna - li na le phello e mpe tseleng eo ke italimang ka eona." - Tom

Ho phaella moo, barupeluoa ba buile ka mekhahlelo e ntseng e eketseha ea nako e telele ka hare ho SEM tse fumanehang Inthaneteng. Ka hona, SEM e ka bonoa e le matla a susumetsang ho thehoa ha litakatso tse feteletseng tsa thobalano.

"Ka lebaka la ho lula ho eketseha ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​livideo li ntse li e-ba tse tsotehang le tse tšosang e le hore li tsamaisane le tlhokahalo ea tsona hore li nkoe li thabisa". - Jay

“Mohlomong e entse hore ke thatafatsoe ke linyeoe. Hona joale ho se ho hlokahala hore ke tšohe, Ka lebaka la chelete eo ke e boneng ha e sa nkama joaloka pele ”- Tom

Tlhokahalo ena e eketsehang ea maemo a phahameng a ho tsosa e ka lebisa ho litebello ho motho ka mong ho lumellana le se ka nkoang e le "tloaelo".

3. Buffers

Ho leka-lekanya kapa mekhoa e meng ea boits'oaro e fanoeng ke mohlala, boitšoaro ba lelapa kapa thuto ea thobalano e tlalehiloe ka ho ba le seabo se setle kapa monyetla o lahlehetsoeng.

"Thuto ea ka ea ho kopanela liphate sekolong e ne e le mpe. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ha lia ka tsa koaheloa ho hang 'me ho bonahala eka li ntse li etsa bonyane bo se nang letho .... Ba ile ba kenyelletsa lintlha tsohle tse ka u thusang ho tseba hore na ho kopanela liphate ho tla ba joang "- Jay

“Sebopeho sa motho e ne e se tloaelo lapeng la ka ha ke ntse ke hola, ka hona ke nahana hore sena se mphile monyetla oo e seng bohle ba tla ba le ona. Mosebetsi oa 'Mè oa bonono ka sebele o mphile khopolo e ntle haholo ea hore na basali ba' nete ba shebahala joang ". - Bob

Maikutlo a bulehileng a lelapa ka thobalano a ka sebetsa e le `` buffer '' khahlano le litlamorao tse mpe tse ka bang teng tsa ho shebella SEM le thuto ea thobalano monyetla o lahlehileng oa ho fana ka mohloli o leka-lekaneng oa 'litloaelo' tse phetseng hantle. Mochini oa 'li-buffers' tse joalo e ka ba ho thusa bacha ho khetholla pakeng tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano ba 'nete le bo iqapetsoeng.

4. Litemana tsa 'nete Leholo

Barupeluoa ba tlaleha ho shebella ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joalo ka ha e se e sa nyenyefatsoe, hape e le karolo e tloaelehileng ea bophelo, e buisanoang ka bolokolohi likamanong.

            “Hona joale e se e tloaelehile. Ntle ho taboo. Ho ka buuoa ka bona le balekane ”. - Tom

SEM e ne e bonoa e le mohloli oa "thuto o tšepahalang" oa thuto, empa barupeluoa ba tlaleha tšusumetso e fapaneng ea SEM ho 'tloaelo'.

            "Ke ithutile ho hongata ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa - ho tsamaea - se lebelletsoeng ho nna joalo ka monna". - Tom

"Nka re e fa bahlankana maikutlo a kotsi haholo hore na thobalano ke eng le hore e fana ka eng". - Bob

"E boetse e ama setšoantšo sa 'mele le pono ea ka ea hore na motho o lokela ho shebahala joang le hore na thobalano e lokela ho shebahala joang". - Harry

"Lisebelisoa tsena tse hlakileng li bile le tšusumetso e nyane haholo ponong ea ka ea sebōpeho sa motho mme ke nahana sena haholoholo ka lebaka la tsebo ea hore e bonts'a lefatše le iqapetsoeng, moo batho ba bontšitsoeng e batlang e le batho ba lefatše la nnete". - Bob

SEM e jeoang joalo ka tloaelo e kanna ea kenya letsoho pherekanong mabapi le litebello tsa thobalano. Sehlopheng sena, ho ne ho bonahala maemo a fapaneng a kutloisiso kapa temohisiso ea hore na SEM e emetse boitšoaro ba 'nete' ba thobalano.

5. Bophelo ba Botona le Botšehali bo Botle

Barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa ka bophelo bo botle ba thobalano. Maqhubu le boleng e ne e le likhoele tse tloaelehileng kahare ho sehlooho sa data.         

"Khafetsa ebile u khotsofatsa ka motho ea nang le lithahasello tsa thobalano tse tšoanang le tsa hau" - Jay

Boiphihlelo bo fapaneng ba thobalano bo tlalehiloe ke barupeluoa ho bohlokoa ho qoba bophelo bo tenang ba thobalano,

            “Ho tloaela ho lula ka phapusing ea ho robala le ho kopanela liphate khafetsa” - Richard

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ba bang ba arabelitsoeng ba ile ba phahamisa likarolo tse ileng tsa nka balekane le likamano.

"Puisano ke senotlolo sa thobalano mme hangata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ruta mekhoa ea ho baka thabo e sa bontsheng seo molekane a se batlang". - Harry

“Ho ba kamanong e ikemiselitseng kapa ho tšepahala mabapi le seo u leng sona ha ho tluoa litabeng tsa thobalano. Ho bontša hore u hlompha batho ba bong bo fapaneng hantle ”. - Ross

            "Ha ho na le kamano ea maikutlo - ke lebala thobalano e se nang moelelo". - Tom           

Puisano, botšepehi, tlhompho le tlhoko ea maikutlo a maikutlo kaofela li tlalehiloe ha ho hlalosoa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano empa eseng likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa SEM. Tekanyo eo bahlankana ba sehlopha sena ba elelloang sena e fapane.

Puisano

Liphetho li supa litsela tse ka bang teng kamanong ea tšebeliso ea SEM le litumelo tsa thobalano, kutloisiso le litloaelo tsa bahlankana, ho kenyelletsa phapang ea litlamorao tse mpe tsa SEM le lintlha tse ka 'nang tsa baka seo. 

Tlatsetso ea thuto ena ke ho hlahloba kamoo bahlankana ba bonang khokahano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea SEM le boitšoaro ba bona le ho feta, seo ba se bonang e le tšireletso liphihlelong tsa bona.

Ts'ebeliso le kamohelo ea SEM e tlalehiloe e ntse e hola, sena se netefatsoa ke lithuto tsa bongata (Mattebo et al 2013). Barupeluoa ba tlalehile ts'ebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea litaba tse fetelletseng mme ba hloloheloa litaba tsena. Ka phumaneho ena e ntseng e eketseha ho bonahala data e fana ka maikutlo a hore tloaelo ea SEM e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng kapa feela e le 'karolo ea mehla ea sejoale-joale' (Peter & Valkenburg, 2016). Na bothata bona ke bothata ?, maikutlo a SEM e le a 'nnete' a fapaneng sehlopheng sena, bahlankana ba bang ba kanna ba ba ba kentse litloaelo tsa thobalano tsa SEM. . Rothman et al, (2015) e tiisa hore bacha ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro 'ka sepheo sa ho ruta' mme ha ba qetile ho ja litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ikutloa ba le khatello ea ho e etsisa. Ka hona, re ka bona kamoo tšebeliso le ho eketsa litaba tse fetelletseng li ka lebisang pherekanong le litebello tse sa utloahaleng tse ka hlalosang likhokahano tsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano ho banna (Peter & Valkenburg, 2016)

Leha ho le joalo, phello ena e ka fetoha haholo. Banna ba bacha thutong ena, ba ananetse litlamorao tse mpe tsa SEM ho boits'oaro empa ke tse hlakileng, eseng mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea bona .. Dintlha li fana ka maikutlo a hanyetsanang kapa a ferekaneng mabapi le tebello ea bacha ea bophelo bo botle ba thobalano le litumelo tse nepahetseng le maitshwaro. Phapang ea temohisiso ea hore na 'SEM' ea 'nete ke eng, e fumanehang sampoleng ena e ka hlalosoa ka poelano ea ts'ebeliso e thata ea SEM ka ho ba kotsing ea pele ho nako (mohlala, ho senyeha hoa malapa) le boiphihlelo ba' li-buffers 'tse sireletsang. Ho senyeha hoa malapa ho 'nile ha amahanngoa le pefo ea thobalano ka lingoliloeng tse ngata tse ngata tsa machabeng (Hielman, et al, 2014) mme tlhahlobo e pharalletseng ea lipatlisiso e boetse e supile mosebelisi ea tloaelehileng e le "monna, ea tsoetseng pele haholo, ea batlang maikutlo, le lelapa le fokolang kapa le nang le mathata. likamano ”(Peter + Valkenburg, 2016). Phokotso e ka bang teng ea kotsi e ka hloka mehato e lebisitsoeng ho ba kotsing e kholo.

Ka lehlakore le letle, ho buleha hoa malapa ho potoloha thobalano kapa thuto ea thobalano ho entsoe ke barupeluoa e le ho fana ka 'ts'ireletso' kapa ho leka-lekana ho litlhahiso tsa SEM tsa thobalano. Liphuputso li supa bohlokoa ba ho sebetsana le bofokoli bo ka bang teng lithutong tsa hajoale tsa thobalano (Brown et al., 2009). Lintlha tse fumanehang thutong ena le tsona li bonahala li bontša kamano e neng e thehiloe pele ea ho beha mohlala oa lelapa kapa ho buleha ha boits'oaro bo nepahetseng, maikutlo le maikutlo ke bahlokomeli ba mantlha litabeng tse kang ho ipeha kotsing ea thobalano ea bacha (Lefapha la Bophelo, 2013).

Boleng ba thuto ea thobalano bo tlalehiloe hantle ho lingoliloeng tsa hajoale (Lefapha la Bophelo, 2013) mme bankakarolo ba tlalehile thuto ea bona ea thobalano e sa lekana ka kakaretso empa haholo e sa koahele taba ea SEM. Ka hona, mananeo a kang 'Nako ea rona eo re buileng ka eona' (Crabbe et al, 2011) e shebanang ka kotloloho le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le bacha e hloka tlhahlobo ea mahlale.

Lipatlisiso tse ling hape

 Le ha lintlha tse totobalitsoeng ke mosebetsi mabapi le ts'ebeliso e thata ea SEM li netefalitsoe ho lingoliloeng tse pharalletseng, litsela tsa litloaelo tsa kahare le ts'oaetso e teng kapa li-buffers li tla una molemo lipatlisisong tse ngata tse kholo. Mosebetsi oa ho kenella o shebaneng le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa thutong ea thobalano o hloka ho theha bopaki bo tiileng ka tlhahlobo e matla. Moelelong oa likhothaletso tsa Komiti ea Khetho ea Basali le Tekano (House of Commons, 2016) ho etsa hore thuto ea thobalano e qobelloe tlalehong ea bona ea Tlhekefetso ea Thobalano Sekolong, mmuso o entse joalo mme hajoale o ntse o buisana le litaba. Mananeo a macha a hloka ho hlahlojoa ka mahlale ho latela mehato e ts'oanang ea sephetho ho nolofalletsa pokello e kholo ea bopaki.

Meeli ea ho Ithuta

Ka meeli ea sampole ea boleng bo phahameng, ka hona e ke keng ea sebelisoa, meralo e ne e tla una molemo ho netefatso e kholo ea mohlala. Barupeluoa ba boetse ba khethiloe ka ho bala lehloa ka mabitso ka seithuti / mofuputsi sebakeng se le seng sa mosebetsi, ka hona ho ka baka phapang e fokolang. Sena se kanna sa se ke sa hlahisa litlamorao tsa libaka tse amohuoeng le botona bo nang le mathata (Lorimer, McMillian, McDaid, Milne le Hunt, 2018) Lipotso tse phuputsong e kanna eaba li thehile lihlooho tse ling tse khethiloeng mme mohlomong mokhoa o bulehileng oa lipotso o ka be o bile teng e nolofalitse tlhahlobo e kholo. Lintho tse fumanoeng li ka fetisoa ho fapana le ho akaretsa.

Maemo a atileng a tlhekefetso ea thobalano a ka hokahanngoa le phumaneho e ntseng e eketseha le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse hlakileng tsa thobalano. Sebetsa ho sebetsana le litlhoko tsena ho hlahloba kutloisiso ea bahlankana ka karolo ea ts'ebeliso e tloaelehileng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho fumana mekhoa ea ho fokotsa litlamorao. Boithuto bona bo etsa lipatlisiso ho kopanya tsela ea ho baka le ho tiisa karolo e ka bang teng ea thuto e sireletsang ea thobalano.

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Sehlomathiso A:

Sehlomathiso B: Tlhahlobo ea litekanyetso tsa lihlooho - litlhafatso tsa tafole / limmapa tse pharaletseng tsa lihlooho tse tlase.