Sephetho sa mantlha:
"Joalo ka ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ntse li eketseha ho ba batona, boitlamo ba bona, khotsofalo le matsete likamanong tsa bona tsa lerato li fokotseha, ha maikutlo a bona a mekhoa e meng e metle kantle ho kamano ea bona a eketseha."
Qeto:
Patlisiso mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e fetohile ea bohlokoa ho tloha ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ama bophelo ba batho ka litsela tse ngata. Ho hlakile hore e na le tšusumetso e kholo likamanong tsa batho ba lerato. Ho entsoe lipatlisiso tse fapaneng ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse tsoang merabeng e fapaneng, linaheng, moetlong esita le merabeng e fapaneng. Patlisiso ena ea morao-rao e bontšitse hore tšebeliso ea porno e na le litlamorao tse matla likamanong tse haufi. Karolo ea eona ea ho hloka bots'epehi, pefo ea balekane ba haufi, peto, ho se lekane ka bong, tlhalo le mathata a mang a bophelo li lokela ho hlahlojoa ka botebo.
Tlhaloso: Liphetho tse makatsang hobane thuto e sebelisitse PCES e makatsang - lenane la lipotso le tlalehileng hore ha o sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, o nahana hore ke tsa nnete, mme ha o ntse o ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, bophelo ba hau bo tla ba betere. Tlhahlobo ea PCES e nang le liphoso. Bangoli ba fana ka maikutlo a hore semelo sa lihlooho tsena e kanna ea ba lebaka la hore liphetho tsa bona li khahlanong le seo motho e mong le e mong a se fumanang le PCES. Kapa mohlomong ke hobane lintho li se li le mpe hoo le PCES ea crummy e senolang litlamorao tsa bootsoa. Lintlha tsa mantlha tsa PCES li ile tsa bokelloa ka 2006, mme tsa kenyelletsa banna le basali. Phuputso ena e ne e le banna bohle (ba mashome a mabeli) le lilemo tse 10 hamorao.
BEKAROO, VEEDIASHA, SMITA RAMPAT, le NAUSHAD MAMODE KHAN.
Tlaleho ea Patlisiso ea Sechaba le Leano 8, che. 1 (2017).
ISSN: 2067-2640 (hatisoa), 2068-9861 (elektroniki)
Sekhetho:
Kameho ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisoa maemong a tsetelo ea banna ba bong bo fapaneng kamanong ea bona ea lerato e ile ea batlisisoa thutong ena. Banna ba 180 ba lilemo li 18 - 29 ba arabetse Litšoantšong tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa Tekanyo ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa (PCES), le Investment Model Scale. Litlhahlobo tsa Correlation li bonts'itse hore khafetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e amana hantle le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (r = .59, p <.01), le litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (r = .22, p <.01), empa e amahanngoa hampe le litlamorao tse ntle tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (r = -.31, p <.01). Litlhahlobo tse hlakileng tsa khatello ea maikutlo li bontšitse hore khafetsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa maemo a tlase a khotsofalo (R2 = .052, F (1, 178) = 10.73, β = -.238, p <.01), boholo ba matsete (R2 = .039, F (1) , 178) = 8.245, β = -.210, p <.01) le maemo a boitlamo (R2 = .032, F (1, 178) = 6.926, β = -194, p <.05), empa a matlafatsa boleng ba mekhoa e meng (R2 = .130, F (1, 178) = 27.832, β = .368, p <.01) ea banna likamanong tsa bona tsa lerato.
Keywords: Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa; Kamano e haufi-ufi
Hypothesis 1a: Khafetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e tla amahanngoa hampe le litlamorao tse ntle tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso.
Ho tloha Lethathamong la 3 ka tlase, sephetho se bonts'a kamano e fosahetseng lipakeng tsa makhetlo a litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le litlamorao tse fumanehang tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (r = -.31, p <.01). Sena se bolela hore barupeluoa ba bangata ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ha ba lemohe hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li na le litlamorao tse ntle maphelong a bona.
Hypothesis 1b: Khafetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e tla lumellana hantle le litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso e litšila ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
Liphello li bontša hore khafetsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li amana ka mokhoa o itekanetseng le litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (r = .22, p <.01). Ha banna ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ja haholo, ba ile ba lemoha litlamorao tse mpe bophelong ba bona.
Hypothesis 1c: Khafetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e tla tsamaellana hantle le tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso.
Ho tloha tafoleng 3 ka tlase, ho bonahala hore ho na le kamano e ntle pakeng tsa makhetlo a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (r = .59, p <.01). Sena se bolela hore ha banna ba bangata ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ba hakanya hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ke bothata ho bona kapa ho ba bang bophelong ba bona.
Hypothesis 2a: Khafetsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e tla bolela esale pele maemo a khotsofalo.
Khafetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e fumanoe e fokotsa khotsofalo ka mokhoa o itekanetseng, R2 = .052, F (1, 178) = 10.73, β = -.238, p <.01. Ka mantsoe a mang, keketseho ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e fumanoe e bolela esale pele phokotso ea khotsofalo ea banna le likamano tsa bona tsa lerato.
Hypothesis 2b: Khafetsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e tla bolela esale pele litheko tse tlase tsa matsete.
Khafetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e bonts'itsoe ka mokhoa o itekanetseng ho fokotsa matsete, R2 = .039, F (1, 178) = 8.245, β = -.210, p <.01. Ha banna ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba sebelisa chelete e fokolang, ba ile ba ikutloa ba se na matsete a fokolang likamanong tsa bona.
Hypothesis 2c: Khafetsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li tla bolela esale pele maemo a boitlamo.
Khafetsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa ho bolela hore boitlamo bo fokotsehile, R2 = .032, F (1, 178) = 6.926, β = -194, p <.05, hanyane. Ha banna ba ntse ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, boitlamo ba bona ho balekane ba bona bo ile ba ameha.
Hypothesis 2d: Khafetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e tla bolela esale pele mefuta e meng e metle ea mefuta e meng.
Khafetsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa keketseho e lekantsoeng ea boleng ba mekhoa e meng, R2 = .130, F (1, 178) = 27.832, β = .368, p <.01. Ha khafetsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa ho banna li eketseha, boleng ba bona ba mekhoa e meng le bona bo ile ba eketseha.
Puisano le Qetello
Karolo ena e tla hlalosa litholoana mme e bapisa le ho bapisa tsena le lithuto tse fetileng. Mabaka a ka bang teng a lipatlisiso le ona a tla hlahlojoa. E tla fana ka tlhahiso ea meeli ea thuto ena, 'me e tla phethela ka ts'ebeliso ea se fumanoeng.
Sepheo sa mantlha sa thuto e ne e le ho fumana hore na tšebeliso ea porno e ama joang maikutlo a batho ka bomong ka litlamorao tsa bophelo ba bona, le hore na e bolela esale pele tšebeliso ea chelete, khotsofalo, boitlamo le boleng ba mekhoa e meng likamanong tsa batho ka bomong.
Boithuto ba rona bo bontša hore ha banna ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba sebelisa mathata a mangata maphelong a bona. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, pono ea banna ea litlamorao tse mpe tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e eketsehile mme temoho ea bona ea litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e fokotsehile ka ts'ebeliso e eketsehang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Liphuputso li ile tsa hloleha ho ts'ehetsa liphetho tsa Hald & Malamuth (2008) tse bonts'itseng hore bankakarolo ba tlalehile litlamorao tse nyane tse itlhahisang tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ha ba ntse ba tlaleha litlamorao tse ntle, mme banna ba tlaleha litlamorao tse ntle ho feta basali. Sena se ka etsahala ka lebaka la hore barupeluoa ba Hald & Malamuth (2008), ba neng ba tsoa semelong sa Bophirimela, ba kanna ba ba le maikutlo a matle mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Barupeluoa thutong ea rona e ne e le ba Asia haholo 'me kaha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li nkuoa e le tabo ho la Mauritius, ho ka etsahala hore banna ba kanna ba lemoha tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka lebaka la litumelo tsa bona tsa bolumeli (Stack, Wasserman & Kern, 2004). Ntle le moo, liphetho tsa rona li ka hlalosoa ke liphetho tsa Check's (1992) le tsa Russell (1993) tsa hore banna ba lemoha tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hampe hobane litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ama bophelo ba bona, hammoho le kamano ea bona ea lerato (Bridges, Bergner & Hesson-McInnis, 2003). Ho ka buuoa hape ka hore barupeluoa thutong ea rona ba lemohile tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hampe kaha ba ka ikutloa ba le kotsing e kholo ea ho lahleheloa ke mosebetsi (Goldberg, 1998) kapa pherekano ea mosebetsi ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
Ntle le moo, kamano e matla lipakeng tsa khafetsa ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisa le bothata ba ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ts'ehetsa ho fumana hore banna ba lemoha tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Mohlala, ba batona ba tlaleha hore ba ikutloa ba le molato ebile ba le lihlong ha ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (von Feilitzen & Carlsson, 2000) kaha e ba tsositse takatso ea thobalano (Morgan, 2011). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata li hlahisa litaba tsa kantle ho lenyalo (Stack, Wasserman & Kern, 2004), boits'oaro bo kotsi ba thobalano, ho ba le likamano tsa thobalano le balekane ba bangata (Braun-Courville & Rojas, 2009; Brown & L'Engle, 2009) le ho etsa thobalano. ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le molekane oa bona oa lerato (Crossman, 1995). Boitšoaro bona bo ka hlalosa hore na hobaneng banna thutong ea rona ba ne ba ikutloa hampe ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa leha ba ne ba li sebelisa khafetsa.
Liphuputso tsa rona li boetse li bonts'a makhetlo a litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro a sebelisa haholo ho theola maemo a khotsofalo, boholo ba matsete, maemo a boitlamo ha a ntse a bolela esale pele boleng bo phahameng ba mekhoa e meng. Maemo a boitlamo a fokotsehileng a ka hlalosoa ke Zillmann & Bryant's (1988) a bolela hore bashebelli ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba na le maikutlo a ho laola balekane ba bona ba ratanang. Mme ka hona, ha batho bana ba se ba sa itšetleha hakaalo ka likamano tsa bona, boitlamo ba bona bo ka fokotseha (Rusbult, Drigotas & Verette, 1994), haholoholo haeba mosebelisi a itšetleha ka lisebelisoa tsa bootsoa ho fapana le molekane oa hae. Ho feta moo, mosebelisi ea sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata ha a nyehele litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro molemong oa kamano ea hae (Powell & Van Vugt, 2003). Ho theoha ha karabelo le ts'ehetso ho molekane oa bona ho theola boemo ba boitlamo kamanong ea hae ea lerato (Murray et al., 2001). Ho feta moo, joalo ka ha Guerrero, Anderson & Afifi (2011) ba bolela, boitlamo ba likamano boa ntlafala ha banyalani ba bona kamano ea bona e lekana. Maemong ao molekane oa motho ea sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro a bonang ho se leka-lekane ho ts'epahalleng, ho ka ba le maemo a fokolang a boitlamo ho tsoa ho molekane.
Resch & Alderson (2014) o bontšitse hore ha motho a ne a tšepahala mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tseo a li sebelisang ho molekane oa hae oa lerato, boemo ba khotsofalo ho banyalani bao bo ile ba eketseha. Leha ho le joalo ha e motona a sa ka a senolela molekane oa hae eo a ratanang le eena litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, boemo ba khotsofalo bo ile ba fokotseha kamanong eo, mme ba kanna ba tobana le khatello e phahameng likamanong tsa bona tsa lerato. Kaha bankakarolo ba ne ba tsoa Mauritius eo e leng naha e itekanetseng ka mokhoa o itekanetseng, ho ke ke ha etsahala hore banna bohle ba senole litšoantšo tsa bona tsa bootsoa ho balekane ba bona ba ratanang. Kahoo basebelisi bana ba kanna ba ikutloa ba imetsoe kelellong, ka hona ba baka khotsofalo. Ho feta moo, bafuputsi ba boletse hore balekane ba ratanang ba ba le khotsofalo ha bobeli ba bona ba phela hantle 'meleng le kelellong (Simpson & Tran, 2006). Empa ha molekane, haholo monna, a ja litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro nakong eo a ratanang, o na le monyetla oa ho ba le khatello e phahameng ea maikutlo (Shapira et al, 2003; Young, 2005). Kahoo, bophelo ba hae bo amehileng bo ka lebisa ho fokotseheng ka khotsofalo. Ho feta moo, bafuputsi ba khothalelitse hore maemo a khotsofalo a fokotsehe ha molekane oa hau a ikutloa a boulela kamanong ea bona ea lerato (Guerrero & Eloy, 1992; Pfeiffer & Wong, 1989). Kaha monna ea sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro hangata o nka 'mele oa molekane oa hae hampe, a ba bapisa le litšoantšiso tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ka hona a theola boitlhompho ba molekane oa hae (Albright, 2008), molekane oa mosali a ka ikutloa a le mōna mme a khotsofala maemong a lerato a ka theoleloa bobeli balekane.
Liphetho tsa rona li bonts'a khafetsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa ho theoha ha boholo ba matsete. Boholo ba matsete, bo ka tšoarehang (mohlala, ho fapanyetsana limpho) kapa ho sa tšoareheng (mohlala, ho qeta nako le motho eo u ratanang le eena) (Goodfriend & Agnew, 2008) ho ka matlafatsa le ho matlafatsa likamano tsa lerato ha banyalani ba fanana limpho (Ruth, Otnes & Brunel , 1999). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, Belk (1996) o boletse hore ho fapanyetsana limpho hoa thabisa, ho makatsa ebile ho thabisa moamoheli. Maemong ao banna ba jang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa o tla qeta nako e ngata a batla livideo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng mme ka lebaka leo a qete nako e nyane le molekane oa hae (King, 2003). Kahoo maemo a matsete a ka ba le mathata ka lebaka la khaello ena ea nako ho molekane oa hau, e ka amang boleng ba puisano (Sacher & Fine, 1996).
Carroll le al. (2008) bonts'a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa banna li sebelisa liphetho tsa palo e kholo ea balekane ba thobalano le kamohelo e kholo ea thobalano e fetelletseng. Lebaka le ka bang teng la tloaelo ena ke hore bareki ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba na le monyetla oa ho se tšepahale ho balekane ba bona (Zillmann & Bryant, 1988) kaha ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e eketsa takatso ea banna ea mefuta e fapaneng ea thobalano. Ho feta moo, ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho etsa hore banna ba lemohe 'mele ea balekane ba bona hampe ha ba ntse ba sheba litšoantšiso tsa bootsoa hore li khahleha (Betzold, 1990). Kahoo, ho se khotsofale hona ho ka ba khothaletsa ho leka mekhoa e mecha ho balekane ba bona.
;