LITABA: Ena ke tlhahlobo e ncha mabapi le Tlhekefetso ea thobalano joalo ka Boloetse e phatlalalitsoeng tokollong ea Phupu 2015 ea "Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho qobelloa: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention. ” Le ha re sa khone ho hlahisa pampiri eohle, ka tlase ke tafole e nang le liphoso tsa bokhoba ba thobalano le likarabo tsa bangoli ka litemana. Khokahano ho PDF ea mongolo o felletseng.
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Leeto la kalafo ea tahi le tšoauoa ka tsoelo-pele e kholo sechabeng, kliniki le mahlale lilemong tse mashome a seng makae tse fetileng. Ha se khale haholo, bokhoba bo ne bo nkuoa e le ho hloleha ho boitšoaro mme ba nang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ba ile ba tšoaroa hampe le ka leeme le tšabo e kholo. Ntho e le 'ngoe e ntse e bonahala, phetoho e kholo ho thata ho tla ka eona e khahlano le khanyetso,' me ho hloka mamello le pono ea sehlopha se kopaneng sa batho ho tlisa phetoho. Bokhoba ba tahi ke lefu le leng le 'nileng la nyefoloa le ho utloisisoa hampe nalaneng, joalo ka ha le hlahisa ka mefuta ea lona e mengata, leha ho le joalo ho hlaka ho hlahile lilemong tse 50 tse fetileng ho ananeloa hore ke lefu la mantlha, le sa foleng la moputso oa boko, tšusumetso, mohopolo le tse ling tse amanang. potoloho, e nang le liponahatso tse mabapi le libaka tsa tlhaho, tsa kelello, tsa kahisano le tsa semoea.
Khang e tsoelang pele mabapi le kamohelo ea boitšoaro bo amanang le thobalano e le karolo ea tlhekefetso e ts'oana le ntho e etsahetseng ka botaoa le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi eseng khale koana, ha e hlahisoa le tsoelo-pele ea mahlale a morao-rao lipolao li paka hore ha li na motheo ebile li siiloe ke nako .
LEBELLA HO BONTRAA Tebello ea Thobalano ka Thobalano e le Lefu
Bonnie Phillipsa*, Raju Hajelab Le Donald L. Hilton JR.c
maqephe 167-192
E phatlalalitsoe marang-rang: 09 Jul 2015
MOTHE: 10.1080 / 10720162.2015.1036184
Lethathamo la 1 Litekanyetso tsa Tlhatlhobo ea Thobalano le Likarabo
| Litlhahiso | karabelo | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Ha ho na bopaki ba saense ba ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate. | Patlisiso mabapi le boits'oaro bo bobebe, joalo ka bokhoba ba lijo, ho lemalla papali ea chelete ea papali ea chelete le papatso ea marang-rang e ntse e tsoela pele ho senola hore ho na le mekhoa e mengata e tloaelehileng. | Sussman, S., Lisha, N., le Griffiths, M.2011). Bokapele ba litlatse: bothata ba bongata kapa bo fokolang? Tlhatlhobo le Litsebi tsa Bophelo, 34, 3-56. |
| Tlatsetso e boetse e ama li-neurotransmission le ho sebelisana pakeng tsa potoloho ea cortical le hippocampal le lits'ebetso tsa moputso oa boko, tse kang hore mohopolo oa litlatsetso tse fetileng ho meputso (joalo ka lijo, thobalano, joala le lithethefatsi tse ling) li lebisa karabong ea tlhaho le ea boitšoaro ho lithahasello tsa kantle, ho fetola litakatso le / kapa ho kenya letsoho boits'oarong bo bobe. | Kelley, AE, & Berridge, KC2002). Bokooa ba meputso ea tlhaho: bohlokoa ba lithethefatsi tse lemalloang. Koranta ea Neuroscience, 22, 3306-3311. | |
| Hoo e batlang e le lipatlisiso tsohle tse mabapi le bokhoba ba tahi li bontšitse ho hlaka ha libaka tse ngata tsa boko, haholoholo tse amanang le taolo ea litekanyetso tsa pele le litsi tsa meputso. Sena ke 'nete bakeng sa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi tse kang cocaine, methamphetamine, le opioids, le maemo a boitšoaro a amanang le ts'oaetso e fetelletseng ea meputso ea tlhaho le boits'oaro bo joalo ka lijo, thobalano le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi inthaneteng. | Hilton DL (2014). Takatso e phahameng, kapa "feela" ho lemalla? Karabo ho Steele et al. Neuroscience ea Socioaffective le Psychology, 4, 23833. | |
| Phuputsong ea morao tjena, ba lemaletseng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba bontšitse ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ea boko joalo ka matahoa kapa lithethefatsi. Brain scans e senoletse hore litsi tsa meputso bokong li ile tsa ts'oana le ho bona boitsebiso bo hlakileng ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le joala ha bo bona motsoalle oa lona a sebelisa joala. | Voon, V., Mole, TB, Banca, P., Porter, L., Morris, L., Mitchell, S.,… Irvine, M. (2014). Lits'oants'o tsa Neural amanang le ho tsoaloa hape hoa boitšoaro ba thobalano ho Batho ba nang le boits'oaro bo ntle le bo qobelloang. PloS One, 9, e102419. | |
| Bopaki bo tšehetsang khopolo e pharalletseng ea ho lemalla bo ntse bo hlaha. Mohlala, liphuputso tsa methapo ea kutlo li bontša hore mathata a lemallo a ka se ikemele: lefu le leng le le leng le khetholloang e ka ba tšenyo e tšoanang le sesosa sa khatello ea kelello. Patlisiso ea morao-rao e amanang le ho ja ho feta tekano, papali ea chelete, boitšoaro ba thobalano le ho ea mabenkeleng le eona e fana ka maikutlo a hore mohopolo o seng o le teng linthong tse lemalloang ha o amme ka nepo tšimoloho, tlhaho le mekhoa ea ho lemalla. | Shaffer, HJ, LaPlante, DA, LaBrie, RA, Kidman, RC, Donato, AN, & Stanton, MV2004). Mabapi le mohlala oa ho lemalla: Ho bua ka makhetlo a mangata, etiology e tloaelehileng. Tlhahlobo ea Harvard ea Psychiatry, 12, 367-374. | |
| Ho ile ha hlahlojoa maikutlo a khethollo mabapi le mekhoa ea thobalano, 'me ea senola hore ba nang le boits'oaro bo qobelloang ka thobalano ha ba bapisoa le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle ba ntlafalitse tlhokomelo e hlakileng litabeng tsa thobalano. Boikemisetso bo lebisang tlhokomelo ho batho ba itšetlehileng ka lithethefatsi ke tloaelo ea ho lebisa tlhokomelo ho lithahasello tse amanang le lithethefatsi tikolohong. Boithuto bona bo fana ka kamano e 'ngoe ea mahlale pakeng tsa ts'ebetso le bokhoba ba lik'hemik'hale. | Mechelmans, DJ, Irvine, M., Banca, P., Porter, L., Mitchell, S., Mole, TB,… Voon, V. (2014). E ntlafalitse tlhoko ea kelello ho litekanyetso tsa thobalano ho batho ba nang le boits'oaro bo sa qobello. PloS One, 9, e105476. | |
| Bo-rasaense ba bangata ba hanne taba ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate. | Ken Blum lengolong le leng la 1996 o hlalositse letšoao la khaello ea moputso le neng le sa kenyeletse feela bokhoba ba tahi le lithethefatsi empa le boitšoaro bo bong bo hatelletsoeng, bo kenyeletsang papali ea chelete, ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le ho ikoalla ho tlolang tekano. Hamorao o hlalositse bokhoba ba thobalano e le mofuta oa "neuroplasticity" o amanang le liphetoho tsa methapo ea kutlo haholo-holo lipokellong tsa meputso. | Blum, K., Cull, JG, Braverman, ER, le ho tla, DE (1996). Mofuta oa khaello ea moputso. Rasaense oa Amerika, 132-145. |
| Ka lilemo tse ngata, litsebi li ne li lumela hore ke joala le lithethefatsi tse matla feela tse ka bakang temallo. Mahlale a morao-rao a morao-rao le lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li bontšitse hore lintho tse ling tse khahlisang, tse kang ho becha, ho ea mabenkeleng le thobalano le tsona li ka kopanya boko. | Goldstein, RZ, le Volkow, ND (2011). Ho felloa ke matla ha cortex ea pele ho tšenyo: litlamorao tsa neuroimaging le litlamorao tsa tleleniki. Tlhatlhobo ea Tlhaho Neuroscience, 12, 652-669.25. | |
| Fana ka, JE, Potenza, MN, Weinstein, A., & Gorelick, DA (2010). Kenyelletso ea lithethefatsi tsa boitšoaro. Koranta ea Amerika ea Tšebeliso e Mpe ea Lithethefatsi le Joala, 36, 233-241. | ||
| Ebang ke ts'ebetsong ea lijo kapa ea heroin, lerato kapa papali ea chelete, dopamine e etsa mofuta, mola oa metsamao ea 'mele nameng ea neural. Mehato eo ea maoto e thatafala ebile ha e sa tšoarelle, e otla tseleng e sa ts'oaneng ho pitsa e ikhethang ea khauta. | Lewis, M. (2011). Sehlooho sa kelello e lemalloang: Setsebi sa kelello se hlahloba bophelo ba sona ba pele ho lithethefatsi., New York, NY: Litaba tsa Sechaba. | |
| Shaffer, HJ, LaPlante, DA, LaBrie, RA, Kidman, RC, Donato, AN, & Stanton, MV2004). Mabapi le mohlala oa ho lemalla: Ho bua ka makhetlo a mangata, etiology e tloaelehileng. Tlhahlobo ea Harvard ea Psychiatry, 12, 367-374. | ||
| Ngaka Eric Nestler, hlooho ea patlisiso ea methapo ea kutlo setsing sa bongaka sa Mount Sinai ho New York le e mong oa bo-ramahlale ba hlomphuoang haholo lefatšeng ka bophara, o phatlalalitse pampiri ho Tlaleho ea Natural Neuroscience ka 2005 e bitsitsoeng, "Na ho na le tsela e tloaelehileng ea ho lemalla?" Mo pampiring ena, o boletse hore litsamaiso tsa moputso oa dopamine. buella eseng feela lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi, empa hape le "bokhoba ba tlhaho" (ke hore, tšebeliso e tlamang ea meputso ea tlhaho) joalo ka ho ja ho feta tekano, ho becha ka ts'ebeliso ea kelello le bokhoba ba thobalano. | Nestler, EJ (2005). Na ho na le tsela e tloaelehileng ea limolek'hule ea ho lemalla? Natural Neuroscience, 8, 1445-1449. | |
| Ha ho na tlhaloso e kopanyang kapa mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba thobalano. | Le ha ho se lumellane ho ntse ho le teng mabapi le semenclature (bokhoba ba thobalano, hypersexourse), bafuputsi lintlheng tse fapaneng ha ba lumellane mabapi le litlhaloso tsa liketsahalo tse amanang. Ha lingoliloeng li ne li le ntle ka mokhoa o mong, re tiisa hore tekanyo e nepahetseng ea ts'ebetso ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano e lokela ho etsahala ntle le ho nahanisisa ka likhopolo tsa thuto ea bolumeli. Tekanyetso e phahameng ea litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu tse fumanoeng har'a batho ba batlang kalafo ba tlisoang ke maemo a phahameng ho SAST-R e fana ka maikutlo a hore lintlha tse reriloeng li sebetsa haholo ho batho ba hlahisang kalafo bakeng sa tlhekefetso ea thobalano. | Likhopo, PJ, Hopkins, TA, & Green, BA (2014). Bohlokoa ba tleliniki ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano: Kamano le Teko ea Tlhabollo ea Tlhabollo ea Thobalano. Tlaleho ea Bongaka ba Tlatsetso, 8, 450-461. |
| Ho na le mekhoa e makatsang ka har'a lingoliloeng ha e bonoa ka mokhoa o sa lumeleng hore Molimo o teng. Ka mantsoe a mang, ntle le seo o se bitsang, ho na le tumellano ka boitšoaro bo hlahisang litaba. | Likhopo, PJ, Hopkins, TA, & Green, BA (2014). Bohlokoa ba tleliniki ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano: Kamano le Teko ea Tlhabollo ea Tlhabollo ea Thobalano. Tlaleho ea Bongaka ba Tlatsetso, 8, 450-461. | |
| Taba hase tlhekefalo ea botona le botšehali empa ke liphoso tsa mabaka. | Khang ena e tsoela pele ho shebana le boitšoaro ho fapana le lits'ebetso tsa lefu lena. Ba bang ba shebang ho senyeha ha botho joalo ka sesosa sa bokhoba ba ho ts'oarela thobalano ba eketsa tlhekefetso le bootsoa. | Leshner, AI (1997). Ho lemalla ke lefu la boko, 'me hoa bohlokoa. Mahlale, 278, 45-47. |
| Bokhoba ba ho etsa thobalano ke indasteri ea chelete e ngata ebile e sa ngolisoeng. | Indasteri ea thobalano ke indasteri e etsang chelete e ngata ebile e sa laoloe ka molao ho sebelisoa chelete e ngata ho khothaletsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le indasteri ea thobalano molemong oa motho ka mong, ntle le theko e phahameng ho batho ka bomong le sechabeng ka kakaretso, ho feta seo indasteri ea kalafo e ka khonang ho se ruta ka nepo. batho ka thobalano e phetseng hantle le mathata a ho lemalla lithethefatsi tse amanang le thobalano le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Ha ho fanoa ka bopaki ba hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete tsa kajeno li hlohlelletsa likhopolo tse fosahetseng tsa basali le ho hlekefetsa basali, ho na le phapang e makatsang mona ho bahlahlobisisi bana ba amohelang thepa e joalo ka ts'ebeliso e mpe ea thobalano. | Marokho, AJ, Wosnitzer, R., Scharrer, E., Sun, C., & Liberman, R. (2010). Boqhekanyetsi le boits'oaro ba thobalano li video tse rekisoang ka ho fetesisa tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa: Tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea litaba. Pefo khahlanong le Basali, 16, 1065-1085. Hilton e monyenyane, DL, & Watts, C. (2011). Tlhahiso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso: Tlhahlobo ea methapo. Upasuaji Neurology International, 2. |
| Ho bitsa lekhoba la thobalano lefu le sebetsa e le lebaka la ho ba le boitshwaro bo bobe mme bo nka boikarabello ba motho. | Ho amohela mofuta oa lefu la ho lemalla ha ho nke boikarabelo ba motho ho e-na le hoo ho lumella motho e mong le e mong ho utloisisa tšusumetso ea tlhekefetso ea tlhaho, maikutlo, bomoea le kamano. E fokotsa ho latola bothata bo kopaneng ba rona mme e re lumella ho ntlafatsa likarabo tse sebetsang tsa kalafo. Se shebahalang e le boits'oaro bo bobe bo hlile bo tsamaisoa ke lefu la boko le nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso mme le hlahisoa ke ho se sebetse moputsong oa boko, tšusumetso, mohopolo le potoloho e amanang le ona bakeng sa meputso ea tlhaho, haholo-holo lijo le thobalano, joalo ka khothalletso ea ho pholoha. Ho utloisisa ho se sebetse hantle ho amang likarolo tsa tlhaho, tsa kelello, tsa sechaba le tsa moea ho hlile ho khothaletsa boikarabello ba motho ba ho ikarabella haholoanyane le ho ikarabella phepong. | Wilson, WA, & Kuhn, CM (2005). Ho lemalla joala ho senya tsamaiso ea rona ea moputso joang. Cerebrum, 7, 53-66. Kauer, JA, le Malenka, RC (2007). Synaptic polasetiki le ho lemalla. Tlhatlhobo ea Tlhaho Neuroscience, 8, 844-858. |
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