Psychology ea morao-rao (2021)
Liphuputso tsa pejana tsa bokhoba ba thobalano li its'etleha holima maemo a fokolang a lisosa tse nyane le tse kholo. Morero oa thuto ea hajoale e ne e le ho hlahloba matšoao a kelello a amanang le bokhoba ba thobalano ka sampole e kholo ea sechaba sa batho ba baholo ba Turkey. Kakaretso ea batho ba 24,380 ba phethile phuputso e kenyelletsang Potso ea Likotsi tsa Thobalano ea ho Kopanela Liphate, Lenaneo le Khuts'oane la Matšoao, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Personal-Wellbeing Index Adult Foromo, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, le Liphihlelo tsa Likamano Tse Haufi-Tse Hlophisitsoeng (50 % banna; bolela lilemo = lilemo tse 31.79; lilemo tsa lilemo = 18 ho isa ho lilemo tse 81). Ho sebelisa tlhaiso-leseling ea tatellano ea maemo a phahameng, bokhoba ba thobalano bo ne bo amahanngoa le ho ba monna, ho ba monyane, ho ba le boemo bo tlase ba thuto, ho ba lesoha, ho ba mosebelisi oa joala le nicotine, khatello ea kelello, boiketlo ba batho ba tlase, litlamorao tse ntle le tse mpe, alexithymia, le kamano ea ho tšoenyeha. Phuputso ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore maemo a sechaba le demokrasi le mabaka a kotsi a kelello a boletsoeng ka holimo a mpefatsa ho nka karolo ho hoholo boitšoarong bo hlephileng ba thobalano har'a sechaba sa Turkey. Leha ho le joalo, ho hlokahala lithuto tse ling ho utloisisa hantle lintlha tse amanang le bokhoba ba thobalano Turkey.
Selelekela
Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (2018) e kenyelelitse khatello ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate e le bothata ba ho laola maikutlo, phetohong ea leshome le motso o mong ea International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), mme a e hlalosa e le “Tloaelo e sa khaotseng ea ho hloleha ho laola litakatso tse matla, tse pheta-phetoang tsa thobalano kapa litakatso tse hlahisang boits'oaro bo pheta-phetoang ba thobalano.” Khopolo ea boits'oaro bo thata e fumane phehisano e kholo har'a litsebi mme e lebisitse ts'ebelisong ea mantsoe a fapaneng ho hlalosa ho se khonehe ha batho ho laola boits'oaro ba bona ho kenyelletsa (hara ba bang) ts'epahalo ea thobalano, ts'oaetso ea hypersexual, bokhoba ba thobalano le boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano ( Kafka, 2013; Karila et al., 2014). Phuputso ea morao tjena e hlalositse bokhoba ba thobalano e le Ho ba le kamano e matla le thobalano (mohlala, litoro, ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, ho kopanela liphate, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) mecheng e fapaneng ea litaba " (Andreassen et al., 2018; leq. 2). Ntle le moo, takatso e sa laoleheng ea thobalano, ho ameha haholo ka thobalano, le ho kenella liketsong tsa thobalano leha ho na le litlamorao tse mpe bophelong, ke a mang a matšoao a tlalehiloeng ka bokhoba ba thobalano (Andreassen et al., 2018). Leha ho na le ngangisano e ntseng e tsoela pele ea ho tšoaea boits'oaro bo bobe ba thobalano e le boloetse bo feteletseng bo qobelloang, khatello ea maikutlo, kapa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi (Karila et al., 2014), lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li bonts'a hore thobalano e na le monyetla oa ho ba boitšoaro bo lemalloang le hore bokhoba ba thobalano bo na le litlamorao tse fapaneng tse fapaneng ho kenyeletsoa khatello ea maikutlo le kamano (Griffiths, 2012;; Reid et al., 2010; Spenhoff et al., 2013).
Lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, lipatlisiso mabapi le bokhoba ba thobalano li eketsehile haholo. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tse batlisisang ho ata, lisosa tsa likotsi, le litlamorao tsa bokhoba ba thobalano li its'etlehile ho lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa litekanyo tsa ho lekola bokhoba ba thobalano ho kenyeletsoa Teko ea Tlhatlhobo ea Thobalano ea Thobalano ea Thobalano (Carnes et al., 2010), Inventory ea Boitšoaro bo Kopaneng ba Thobalano (Coleman et al., 2001), Inventory-Dependency Inventory-Revised (Delmonico et al., 1998), le Tekanyetso ea Tekolo ea Matšoao a Thobalano (Raymond et al., 2007). Leha ho le joalo, mehato e mengata e ntlafalitsoeng e na le meeli ea bohlokoa ho kenyeletsoa lisampole tse ikhethileng le tse nyane tse sebelisitsoeng ho nts'etsopele le lithuto tsa netefatso, ho lekola boits'oaro bo ikhethileng ba thobalano sebakeng sa bokhoba ba thobalano, ho ba le lintho tse ngata sekaleng, le ho kenyelletsa lintho tse sa lokang mabapi le ho nahana ka thobalano bokhoba ba lithethefatsi (Andreassen et al., 2018; Hook et al., 2010). Phuputso ea morao-rao e ntlafalitse le ho netefatsa lintlha tse tšeletseng tsa Bergen-Yale Sex Addiction Scale (BYSAS) le batho ba baholo ba 23,533 ba Norway ba ipapisitseng le likarolo tse ling (ke hore, ho tiea, ho ikhula, ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, likhohlano, mamello, ho khutlela morao) tse boletsoeng ka har'a mofuta oa biopsychosocial (Andreassen et al., 2018; Griffiths, 2012).
Haufinyane tjena, Bőthe et al. (2020) e hlahisitse Compulsive Sexual Behaeve Disorder Scale (CSBD-19) e ipapisitse le mohato oa ho lekola oa ICD-11 o nang le batho ba 9325 ba tsoang United States, Hungary le Jeremane. Mohlala oa lintlha tse hlano oa CSBD-19 (ke hore, taolo, botsitso, ho khutlela morao, ho se khotsofale, litlamorao tse mpe) e bonts'a litloaelano tse ntle le boits'oaro ba bosodoma, ts'ebeliso e thata ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, palo ea balekane ba thobalano, palo ea balekane ba thobalano, makhetlo a fetileng ho etsa thobalano le molekane, makhetlo a selemo se fetileng a ho etsa thobalano le batho bao u sa tloaelaneng le bona, khafetsa ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, le makhetlo a fetileng a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Bőthe et al., 2020).
Ba bang ba lekile thepa ea psychometric ea Hypersexual Behaeve Inventory (HBI) ba sebelisa sampole e kholo e sa sebetseng e nang le batho ba 18,034 ba tsoang Hungary (Bőthe, Kovács, et al., 2019a). Mohlala oa lintlha tse tharo oa HBI (ke hore, ho sebetsana ka katleho, taolo, litlamorao) e bile le likamano tse ntle le palo ea balekane ba thobalano, palo ea balekane ba thobalano, khafetsa ea ho etsa thobalano le molekane, khafetsa ea ho etsa thobalano le balekane ba sa tloaelanang, khafetsa ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. , makhetlo a ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ketsahalong e 'ngoe le e'
Lingoliloeng tse ntseng li le teng tsa bokhoba ba thobalano li bonts'a liphetho tse hanyetsanang ho latela maemo a bokhoba ba thobalano. Phuputsong ea haufinyane, banna ba ne ba tsebahala hamolemo ka ho ba le maemo a holimo a litoro tsa thobalano, makhetlo a ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, ho nolofatsa takatso ea thobalano, le thobalano e sa reroang ha ba bapisoa le basali, leha lipatlisiso tse ling tse shebaneng le basali li hlokahala ho theha karolo ea bong ho nts'etsopele ea bokhoba ba thobalano (Bőthe et al., 2018, 2020). Leha ho le joalo, bopaki bo seng bo le teng bo fana ka maikutlo a taolo ea banna litabeng tsa thobalano (Kafka, 2010), leha lithuto tse ling li bontšitse hore basali le bona ba ka angoa ke boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba thobalano mme sena se ka lebisa ho maikutlo a phahameng a lihlong (Dhuffar & Griffiths, 2014, 2015). Mabapi le lilemo, lithuto li bontša hore bocha le bocha ke linako tse kotsi ka ho fetesisa tsa ho holisa le ho boloka bokhoba ba thobalano (Kafka, 2010). Phuputsong e kholo ea Norway ea barupeluoa ba fetang 23,500, ho ba le degree ea Master ho theotse menyetla ea ho ba le kotsi ea ho lemalla thobalano ka mokhoa o itekanetseng athe ho ba le degree ea PhD ho phahamisitse menyetla ea ho lemalla thobalano (Andreassen et al., 2018). Ka hona, ho ba monna, lilemo tse tlase, ho ba lesoha, boemo bo phahameng ba thuto, ts'ebeliso ea joala le ts'ebeliso ea koae li amana le bosodoma bo phahameng le bokhoba ba thobalano (Andreassen et al., 2018; Campbell le Stein, 2015;; Kafka, 2010; Sussman et al., 2011).
Ntle le lisosa tsa sechaba, liphuputso tse fetileng li bontšitse likamano tse 'maloa tsa kelello tsa bokhoba ba thobalano. Phuputso e entsoeng le ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate ba batona ka 418 e bontšitse hore sekhahla sa ho ata ha khatello ea maikutlo se ne se phahame haholo hara makhoba a thobalano a Amerika ha a bapisoa le sechaba ka kakaretso 2004). Batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea thobalano ba ile ba phahamisa khatello ea kelello le ho holofala ka lebaka la ho ba le bothata ba ho laola maikutlo a thobalano, litakatso le boits'oaro (Dickenson et al., 2018). Ho bonahala eka ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo ba leka ho sebetsana ka katleho le maikutlo a bona a mabe ka ho etsa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba thobalano (Brewer & Tidy, 2019). Har'a batho ba baholo ba hlahang ba 337, bokhoba ba thobalano bo ne bo amahanngoa le ho laola tšusumetso e mpe le ho imolla khatello ea maikutlo (Cashwell et al., 2017). Ho boetse ho bonts'itsoe ka mokhoa o matlafatsang hore maemo a mabe a mabe a amahanngoa le bosodoma bo phahameng ho batho ba baholo ba hlahang (Dhuffar et al., 2015). Ho feta moo, bothata ba ho khetholla maikutlo bo ne bo amana hantle le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea thobalano kamora ho laola khatello ea maikutlo le ho ba tlokotsing ea khatello ea maikutlo (Reid et al., 2008), Ho bontša hore batho ba alexithymic le bona ba kotsing ea ho lemalla thobalano. Ntle le moo, batho ba lemaletseng thobalano ba fumanoe ba se na ts'ireletso (ke hore, ba tšoenyehile, ba qoba) mekhoa ea ho hokela (Zapf et al., 2008). Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la hore boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate bo na le tšekamelo le khatello ea tlhaho, mathata a kelello a ka lebelloa hore a tsamaisane le bokhoba ba thobalano (Bőthe, Tóth-Király, et al., 2019b). Ho feta moo, ba lekang kapa ba ipolaeang ba tšoauoa ka mathata a maikutlo, likhatello tsa bophelo, mathata a batho, ts'ehetso e mpe ea sechaba, bophelo ba bolutu, alexithymia, le maikutlo a ho felloa ke tšepo ka lebaka la boits'oaro kapa mekhoa e mebe ea likhokahano (Pompili et al., 2014). Habohlokoa, mekhoa e ikhethileng ea ts'ebetso ea maikutlo ea batho ba tepeletseng maikutlo e tlalehiloe e le lintlha tsa bohlokoa ho fumaneng litholoana tse mpe (Serafini et al., 2017). Ka lebaka leo, ho hlahloba mekhoa ena e mengata e bontšitsoeng khafetsa ho bolela esale pele ho lemalla thobalano lithutong tse fetileng ho ne ho nkuoa ho le molemo bakeng sa ho utloisisa ho lemalla thobalano har'a batho ba Turkey.
Leha ho na le lingoliloeng tse seng li ntse li le teng, ho na le boitsebiso bo fokolang haholo bo tsebahalang mabapi le bokhoba ba thobalano Turkey. Ka hona, phuputso ea hajoale e sebelisitse sampole e kholo ea Turkey ho lekola maemo a kelello a ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate a 'nileng a tsejoa e le lisosa tsa likotsi tsa boits'oaro ba thobalano le litloaelo tse ling tsa boits'oaro libukeng tse fumanehang ho kenyeletsoa matšoao a kelello, boiketlo ba motho, linaha tse amang maikutlo, alexithymia, le sephuthelwana. Maemong ana, pele, ho ile ha hlahlojoa kamano lipakeng tsa mefuta ea batho e kang bong, lilemo, boemo ba thuto, boemo ba lenyalo, ho tsuba sakerete, ts'ebeliso ea joala le bokhoba ba thobalano. Ntle le tsena, e ne e reretsoe ho tseba matla a ho tseba esale pele a matšoao a kelello, boiketlo ba motho, linaha tse amanang, alexithymia, le liphapano tse hoketsoeng hammoho molemong oa ho lemalla thobalano. Ke liphuputso tse 'maloa feela tse rarollotseng litaba tsena,' me lithuto tse teng li na le likhaello tse 'maloa ho kenyeletsoa le mehlala e menyenyane e ikhethileng, le batho bao e seng baemeli le ba matla. Meeli ena e fokotsa ts'epahalo le bonnete ba liphetho tsa lithuto tse fetileng.
Phuputso ea hajoale e netefalitse mme e sebelisitse sekala se sa tsoa ntlafatsoa, Potso ea Likotsi tsa Thobalano ea Thobalano (SARQ). SARQ e ntlafalitsoe hobane thuto ea hajoale e ne e le thuto e kholo ea mafu a seoa e hlahlobang boitšoaro bo fapaneng ba boits'oaro boo lintho li neng li ts'oana empa barupeluoa ba kopuoa ho li arabela mabapi le boits'oaro bo itseng (mohlala, lijo, papali, jj. ). Boithuto ba hajoale bo tlaleha feela liphihlelo tse amanang le bokhoba ba thobalano. Ho ne ho nahanoa hore ho ba monna, ho ba monyane lilemong, ho ba le thuto e phahameng, ho tsuba sakerete, ts'ebeliso ea joala, khatello ea kelello, bophelo bo botle ba motho, linaha tse amanang, alexithymia, le mekhoa ea ho ikopanya e sa sireletseha kaofela li tla amana hantle le bokhoba ba thobalano.
mekhoa
Barupeluoa le Tsamaiso
Morero oa mantlha oa sampling e ne e le ho leka ho emela batho ba baholo Turkey. Ho etsa sena, ho ile ha netefatsoa hore sebopeho sa litšupiso sa mohlala se thehiloe mme bankakarolo ba tsoang leqheka le ikhethang sechabeng sa Turkey ba kenyelelitsoe moahong oa boithuto. NUTS (lebitso la mabitso a libaka tsa lipalo-palo) tlhophiso, e leng mokhoa o sebelisetsoang ho arola sebaka sa moruo sa European Union, e sebelisitsoe ho rala sampling. Ka sistimi ena ea karolelano, boemeli ba batho ba baholo boa eketseha. Mokhoa oa ho etsa mehlala o ne o reretsoe ho lekola palo e itseng ea bankakarolo ho tsoa ho karolo e ngoe le e ngoe e boletsoeng libakeng tse ikhethileng tsa Turkey. Ho latela palo ea baahi ba litoropo, lintlha tse lipakeng tsa 200 le 2000 li ile tsa bokelloa ho tsoa sebakeng ka seng e le hore sampole e ka emela ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. Kakaretso ea baithuti ba fumaneng mangolo a psychology ba 125 ba tsamaisitse lipotso tsa pampiri le pentšele ho batho ba tsoang metseng e fapaneng e 79 libakeng tse 26 tsa Turkey ka 2018. Sehlopha sa lipatlisiso se ile sa thaotha barupeluoa ba tsoang metseng e fapaneng mme ba netefatsa hore bankakarolo ba le bang ebile ba phutholohile ha ba ntse ba araba lipotso tse thata ( ke hore, lipotso tse mabapi le boitšoaro ba thobalano). Ba neng ba le lilemo tse fetang 18, 'me ba se na bokuli ba kelello bo ba sitisang ho tlatsa lipotso tse ngolisitsoeng bakeng sa thuto. Kakaretso ea batho ba baholo ba 24,494 ba Turkey ba ile ba tlatsa lipotso. Ha tlhaiso-leseling e fumanoe, ho fumanoe hore barupeluoa ba bang ha ba a phethela lipotso tsohle, mme barupeluoa ba bang ha baa ka ba araba likala tse ling. Har'a bona, barupeluoa ba neng ba lahlehetsoe ke data le / kapa ba sa kang ba arabela litekanyong tse fetang e le 'ngoe ba ne ba nkuoa ba na le lintlha tse ngata tse lahlehileng. Lintlha tse sieo li tsejoa e le litšokelo mefuteng e fapaneng ea ts'epahalo, bonnete, le ho akaretsa liphetho tsa boithuto. Lintlha tsena tse lahlehileng ha li kenyelelitsoe litlhahlobong molemong oa ho thibela leeme. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho fanoa ka boholo bo boholo ba sampole, sena ha sea ka sa fokotsa matla a lipalo a thuto, kapa boemeli ba sampole. Sampole ea hoqetela e ne e na le bankakarolo ba 24,380 (banna ba 12,249 le basali ba 12,131; Mdilemo = Lilemo tse 31.79, SDdilemo = 10.86; Meeli = lilemo tse 18 ho isa ho tse 81). Lintlha tse sebelisitsoeng phuputsong ena li ile tsa bokelloa e le karolo ea boithuto bo boholo ba mafu a seoa bo hlahlobang mekhoa e mengata e lemalloang, e meng ea eona e phatlalalitsoeng kae kapa kae (ke hore, Kircaburun et al., 2020; Ünübol et al., 2020).
Mehato
Mefuta ea Palo ea Batho
Foromo ea tlhaiso-leseling ea sechaba e kenyelletsa bong, lilemo, boemo ba thuto, boemo ba lenyalo, tšebeliso ea sakerete le ts'ebeliso ea joala.
Potso ea kotsi ea ho lemalla thobalano (SARQ)
Ho lemalla thobalano ho ile ha hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa SARQ e sa bonahaleng (bona sehlomathiso). Sekala se na le lintho tse tšeletseng tse lekolang litekanyetso tse tšeletseng tsa tahi tse hlalositsoeng ho latela 'mofuta oa lithethefatsi' (Griffiths, 2012). Barupeluoa ba lekantse lintho tsa SARQ ba sebelisa sekala sa lintlha tse 11 ho tloha ho 0 (ha ho mohla) ho 10 (kamehla). C ea Cronbach thutong ea hajoale e ne e le ntle haholo (.93).
Inventory e Khuts'oane ea Matšoao (BSI)
Matšoenyeho a kelello a akaretsang a ile a hlahlojoa ka mokhoa oa Turkey (Sahin & Durak, 1994) ea 53-ntho BSI (Derogatis & Spencer, 1993). Sekala se na le mekhahlelo e mehlano e nang le mohopolo o fosahetseng, khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, ho itšehla thajana le bora. Barupeluoa ba lekanya lintho tsa BSI ba sebelisa sekala sa lintlha tse hlano ho tloha ho 1 (hoo e ka bang ha ho mohla) ho 5 (hoo e ka bang kamehla). Sekala se ne se sebelisetsoa ho lekola khatello ea kelello e akaretsang ka ho sebelisa sekala joalo ka moaho o le mong, The Cronbach's α thutong ea hajoale e ne e le ntle haholo. .95).
Foromo ea Batho ba Baholo ea Boiketlo ba Botho (PWBI-AF)
Boemo bo botle ba bankakarolo bo ile ba hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa foromo ea Turkey (Meral, 2014) ea lintho tse robeli PWBI-AF (International Wellbeing Group, 2013). Barupeluoa ba lekantse lintho tsa PWBI-AF ba sebelisa sekala sa lintlha tse 11 ho tloha 0 (Ha ho na khotsofalo ho hang) ho 10 (E khotsofetse ka botlalo). C ea Cronbach thutong ea hajoale e ne e le ntle haholo (.87).
Kemiso e ntle le e mpe ea Lits'oaetso (PANAS)
Litlamorao tse ntle le tse mpe ka nako e itseng li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa foromo ea Seturkey (Gençöz, 2000) ea PANAS ea lintho tse 20 (Watson et al., 1988). Barupeluoa ba lekantse lintho tsa PANAS ba sebelisa sekala sa lintlha tse hlano tsa Likert ho tloha 1 (hanyane haholo) ho 5 (haholo). Lintlha tse phahameng li bontša hore li na le tšusumetso e ntle (Cronbach's α = .85) le litlamorao tse mpe (Cronbach's α = .83).
Tekanyo ea Alexithymia ea Toronto (TAS-20)
Alexithymia le likaroloana tsa eona tse kenyelletsang bothata ba ho khetholla maikutlo, bothata ba ho hlalosa maikutlo, le menahano e shebileng kantle li ile tsa lekoa ka sebopeho sa Turkey (Güleç et al., 2009ea 20-ntho TAS-20 (Bagby et al., 1994). Ka lebaka la likhang tsa morao-rao mabapi le hore na monahano o sekametseng kantle (EOT) o emetse alexithymia (Müller et al., 2003EOT e ile ea qheleloa ka thoko ho litlhahlobo. Barupeluoa ba lekantse TAS-20 ba sebelisa sekala sa lintlha tse hlano ho tloha 1 (ha e lumellane ka matla) ho 5 (ka matla lumela). Α ea Cronbach thutong ea hajoale e ne e le ntle haholo (.83).
Liphihlelo tsa Kamano e Haufi-E Hlophisitsoeng (ECR-R)
Khokahano e tšoenyang le e sa angoeng e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa foromo ea Turkey (Selçuk et al., 2005ea 36-ntho ECR-R (Fraley et al., 2000). Barupeluoa ba lekantse lintho tsa ECR-R ba sebelisa sekala sa lintlha tse supileng ho tloha ho 1 (ha e lumellane ka matla) ho 7 (ka matla lumela). Lintlha tse phahameng li bonts'a kamano e tšoenyehileng haholoanyane (Cronbach's α = .83) le sephuthelwana se qobang (Cronbach's α = .85).
Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyetso
Leano la tlhahlobo ea data le shebile mehato e latelang: (i) netefatso ea psychometric ea SARQ; le (ii) phuputso ea likamano tsa sechaba le tsa batho le likamano tsa kelello tsa bokhoba ba thobalano. Qalong, thepa ea psychometric ea SARQ e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa classical test theory (CTT), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), le netefatso ea factor factor (CFA). Ho CFA, methapo e bolelang masala a lisekoere (RMSEA), metso e lekantsoeng e bolela masala a lisekoere (SRMR), index e lekanang ea ho lekana (CFI), le botle ba index e loketseng (GFI) li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho fumana botle ba ho lekana. RMSEA le SRMR e tlase ho .05 li bontša ho lekana hantle 'me RMSEA le SRMR li tlase ho feta .08 li fana ka maikutlo a ho lekana hantle; CFI le GFI e phahameng ho feta .95 li ntle 'me CFI le GFI li phahametse .90 lia amoheleha (Hu & Bentler, 1999).
Mohato oa hoqetela, liteko tsa Pearson tsa khokahano li sebelisitsoe ho lekola li-coefficients tsa khokahano lipakeng tsa mefuta ea ho ithuta le tlhaiso-leseling ea taolo ea maemo a phahameng li sebelisitsoe ho noha bokhoba ba thobalano bo ipapisitse le maemo a sechaba le demokrasi. Pele ho tlhahlobo ea khokahano, data e ile ea fihlela mohopolo oa tloaelo e ipapisitse le boleng ba skewness le kurtosis. Ka tlhahlobo ea khatello, ho netefalitsoe hore ho ne ho sena multicollinearity ka ho hlahloba variance inflation factor (VIF) le boleng ba mamello. Liphuputso tsa lipalo-palo li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa software ea SPSS 23.0 le AMOS 23.0.
Results
Sampole e felletseng e ne e arotsoe ka mehlala e 'meli e arohaneng molemong oa ho etsa EFA le CFA ho sebelisoa mehlala e' meli. EFA e entsoe ka sampole ea pele (N = 12,096). EFA e bonts'itse hore SARQ e na le sebopeho sa sebopeho. Tekanyo ea Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin le teko ea sephahla sa Barlett (.89; p <.001) ho EFA e hlahisitse tharollo ea ntlha e le 'ngoe. Tlhatlhobo ea karolo ea sehlooho e bontšitse hore lintho tsohle li na le meroalo e phahameng (sechaba se pakeng tsa .62 le .81), se hlalosa 73.32% ea phapang e felletseng. Tharollo ea ntlha e le 'ngoe e ne e ipapisitse le morero oa scree moo lintlha tse neng li na le Eigenvalue e phahameng ho feta 1 li ntšitsoeng. CFA e ile ea etsoa kamora hore EFA e sebelise sampole ea bobeli (N = 12,284 XNUMX). Ho sebelisitsoe mokhoa oa ho lekanyetsa boholo ba phapang pakeng tsa monyetla oa ho CFA. Mefuta-futa ea lipontšo e hlokometsoeng (ke hore, lintho tsa sekala) tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng e boletsoeng e le lits'oants'o tse tsoelang pele. Molemo oa li-indices tse loketseng (χ2 = 2497.97, df = 6, = p <.001, RMSEA = .13 CI 90% [.13, .13], SRMR = .03, CFI = .98, GFI = .97) e bonts'itse boholo bo loketseng data (Kline, 2011), Ho netefatsa ho lekana ha tharollo ea ntlha e le 'ngoe. Ho latela maemo a behiloeng a standardized (ho tloha lipakeng tsa .72 le .90), lintho tsohle li bile le karolo ea bohlokoa sekaleng.
Lethathamo 1 e bonts'a lintlha tse ngata, liphapang tse tloaelehileng, le li-coefficients tsa khokahano tsa mefuta-futa ea thuto. Ho lemalla thobalano ho ne ho amana hantle le khatello ea kelello (r = .17, p <.001), alexithymia (r = .13, p <.001), tšusumetso e ntle (r = .06, p <.001), litlamorao tse mpe (r = .14, p <.001), le sehokelo se tšoenyehileng (r = .10, p <.001). Ntle le moo, bokhoba ba thobalano bo ne bo amana hampe le boiketlo ba motho (r = -10, p <.001) athe e ne e sa tsamaellane le sephuthelwana se qobang (r = .00, p > .05). Ha ho fanoe ka coefficient e tlase ea kamano (r <.10), khokahano ea tšusumetso e ntle (r = .06, p <.001) ka bokhoba ba thobalano bo kanna ba fihlella bohlokoa ba lipalo ka lebaka la boholo ba sampole.
Lethathamo 2 e bonts'a sephetho sa tlhahlobo ea tatellano ea tatellano ea maemo. Ho lemalla thobalano ho ne ho amana hantle le ho ba monna (β = -.31, p <.001), ho ba lesoha (β = -.03, p <.001), ho tsuba sakerete (β = −.04, p <.01), ts'ebeliso ea joala (β = −.16, p <.01), khatello ea kelello (β = .13, p <.05), tšusumetso e ntle (β = .06, p <.001), litlamorao tse mpe (β = .03, p <.01), alexithymia (β = .02, p <.001), le sehokelo se tšoenyehileng (β = .04, p <.001). Ho lemalla thobalano ho ne ho amahanngoa hampe le lilemo (β = −.04, p <.001), thuto (β = -02, p <.001), boiketlo ba motho (β = -02, p <.01), le sephuthelwana se qobang (β = -02, p <.01). Leha ho le joalo, ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore litlamorao tsa lilemo, thuto, boemo ba lenyalo, ho tsuba sakerete, boiketlo ba motho, tšusumetso e mpe, le mekhoa ea ho hokela kaofela li ne li le nyane haholo. Ntle le moo, litlamorao tsena li kanna tsa ba tsa bohlokoa ho latela lipalo ka lebaka la boholo ba sampole. Moetso oa khatello o ile oa bolela esale pele 18% ea phapang ea bokhoba ba thobalano (F13,24,161 = 418.62, p <.001).
Puisano
Lintho tse fumanoeng thutong ea hajoale li bonts'a hore ho ba monna, ho ba monyane, ho ba le boemo bo tlase ba thuto, ho ba lesoha, ho tsuba sakerete, ts'ebeliso ea joala, khatello ea kelello, tšusumetso e ntle le e mpe, alexithymia, ho ikopanya le matšoenyeho, boiketlo ba motho le boiketlo Khokahano e sa qobelloang kaofela e ne e amahanngoa le bokhoba ba thobalano. Ka hona, likhopolo tsohle li ne li tšehelitsoe. Joalokaha ho ne ho lebelletsoe, khatello ea kelello e ne e amana hantle le ho lemalla thobalano. Sena se tsamaellana le lithuto tsa pejana tse bontšitseng hore matšoao a mafu a kelello a kenyeletsang khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha le khatello ea maikutlo a ka lebisa ho keneng maemong a phahameng litloaelong tse lemalloang tsa thobalano (Brewer & Tidy, 2019; Weiss, 2004). E kanna eaba maemo ana a kelello a boletsoeng ka holimo a lebisa tlhokomelong ea boits'oaro har'a batho ba joalo (Dickenson et al., 2018). Batho ka bomong ba leka ho itšitisa ka ho kopanela liphate ka mokhoa o feteletseng ho tlatsa sekheo sa maikutlo se bakoang ke maikutlo a mabe a joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo (Young, 2008).
Litla-morao tse ntle le tse mpe li ne li amana hantle le bokhoba ba thobalano. Sena se tsamaellana le lithuto tse seng li ntse li fana ka maikutlo a hore bokhoba ba thobalano bo amahanngoa le maemo a kelello a kelello (Cashwell et al., 2017). Tlhaloso e 'ngoe e kanna ea ba hore batho ba nang le bothata ba ho ba le maikutlo a mabe khafetsa le khatello ea maikutlo ba sebelisa ho nahana ka boits'oaro e le mokhoa oa ho fetola maikutlo ao ba nang le maikutlo a monate a ba thusang ho qoba maikutlo a mabe (Woehler et al., 2018). Ho bohlokoa hape ho hlokomela hore linaha tse amang kelello li ne li le bohlokoa le kamora ho laola khatello ea kelello, ho hatisa karolo e ikhethileng e eketsang ea phello e mpe. Leha ho le joalo, ho lokela hore ho hlokomeloe hore phello e ntle e ne e boetse e amana hantle le bokhoba ba thobalano. Sena se batla se sa lebelloa, ho fanoe ka bopaki bo teng bo bonts'ang hore maikutlo a matle ke tšireletso ea ho fokotsa ho lemalla boitšoaro (Cardi et al., 2019). Leha ho le joalo, sephetho se tsamaellana le mohopolo oa hore lisosa tse susumetsang li ka fapana ka boits'oaro bo hlephileng (Messer et al., 2018) 'Me maikutlo a mabe le a matle a ka lebisa ho keneng maemong a phahameng litloaelong tse lemalloang tsa thobalano.
Phuputso e boetse e fumane hore alexithymia e phahameng (mohlala, bothata ba ho khetholla le ho hlahisa maikutlo) e ne e amana hantle le ho lemalla thobalano. Bao ba bileng le mathata a ho tseba le ho hlahisa maikutlo a bona ba ne ba le kotsing e kholo ea ho ba makhoba a thobalano. Sena se tsamaellana le lingoliloeng tse nyane tse seng li le teng tse hlahlobang kamano lipakeng tsa mefuta ena e 'meli (Reid et al., 2008). E 'ngoe ea lithuto tse' maloa tse hlahlobang kamano e fumane hore alexithymia e eketsehile har'a banna ba nang le lefu la hypersexual (Engel et al., 2019). Ho ile ha boleloa hore bokhoni ba taolo ea maikutlo bo sa sebetseng ba batho ba nang le alexithymia e phahameng e ka ba bothata bo bakang batho ba lemaletseng thobalano.
Liphetho li boetse li bontšitse hore ho ikopanya le matšoenyeho ho ne ho amana hantle le ho lemalla thobalano. Sena se tsamaellana le lithuto tsa pejana tse bontšang hore kamano e sa sireletsehang e amana hantle le bokhoba ba thobalano (Zapf et al., 2008). Ba nang le mathata a ho theha maqhama a sireletsehileng le ba bang ba ka ba le mathata likamanong tse haufi-ufi (Schwartz & Southern, 1999). Batho ba nang le matšoenyeho ba ka sebelisa likhopolo tse feteletseng tsa thobalano e le tefo ea ho hloka kamano e haufi le maikutlo a maikutlo (Leedes, 2001). Ka lebaka leo, batho ba nang le matšoenyeho ba ka etsa thobalano e feteletseng ntle le boitlamo ba maikutlo ho fokotsa tšabo ea bona ea karohano le ho lahloa (Weinstein et al., 2015). Kamano lipakeng tsa ho ikamahanya le thobalano le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate e ne e se ea bohlokoa tlhahlobisong ea likamano empa e ne e le bohlokoa hampe pusong. Ka lebaka leo, ho ka etsahala hore khatello ea khatello ea khatello (mohlala, khatello ea kelello) e amme mokhatlo ona.
Joalokaha ho ne ho lebelletsoe, maemo a sechaba le a sechaba a bonahala a bapala karolo ea ho lemalla thobalano thutong ea hajoale. Haholo-holo ho ba monna, ho ba monyane, ho ba le thuto e tlase, ho ba lesoha, ho tsuba sakerete le ts'ebeliso ea joala li ne li amana le bokhoba ba thobalano. Mekhatlo ena e boletsoeng ka holimo e lumellana le se fumanoeng ke lithuto tsa pele linaheng tse fapaneng (Andreassen et al., 2018; Campbell le Stein, 2015;; Kafka, 2010; Sussman et al., 2011). Liphuputso li fana ka maikutlo a hore likarolo tsa sechaba le sechaba li lokela ho tsotelloa ha ho etsoa maano a ho kenella a reretsoeng ho thibela bokhoba ba thobalano.
sheba mefokolo ea
Lintho tse fumanoeng thutong ea hajoale li lokela ho hlalosoa ha ho ntse ho nahanoa ka meeli e mengata. Taba ea mantlha, leha e ne e le hore sampole e ne e le kholo haholo mme pokello ea data e entsoe ho fumana sehlopha se ts'oanang, thuto ena ha e emele sechaba sa Turkey. Liphetho tsa hajoale li lokela ho phetoa ho sebelisoa mehlala e meng e mengata e tsoang Turkey le / kapa linaha tse ling tse ntseng li tsoela pele moo bokhoba ba thobalano bo sa hlahlojoang hanyane. Taba ea bobeli ke hore, bothata bofe kapa bofe bo mabapi le mekhatlo e hlahlojoang lipakeng tsa mefuta ea thuto bo ke ke ba tsebahatsoa ka lebaka la moralo oa likarolo tse ling tsa thuto ena. Mekhoa ea bolelele le boleng e lokela ho sebelisoa ho ba le lithuto tse tebileng ho etsa lipatlisiso tse ling tsa hona joale. Taba ea boraro, ho ile ha sebelisoa lipotso tsa ho itlaleha ka boits'oaro bo tsebahalang (mohlala, ho hopola mohopolo le takatso ea sechaba) ho bokella lintlha. Ntlha ea bone, ka ha data e ne e itlaleha mme e bokelloa ka nako e le ngoe, likamano lipakeng tsa mefuta ea thuto e kanna ea ba e ile ea phahama.
fihlela qeto e
Leha ho na le meeli e boletsoeng kaholimo, ena ke tlhahlobo ea pele e kholo e batlisisang likamano tsa kelello tsa bokhoba ba thobalano hara sampole ea sechaba sa Turkey. Thepa ea psychometric ea sekala se sa tsoa ntlafatsoa se lekang bokhoba ba thobalano (ke hore, Potso ea Likotsi tsa Thobalano ea Thobalano) e ile ea lekoa ho kopanya CTT, EFA le CFA. Ntle le moo, likamano tsa sechaba le demokrasi tsa bokhoba ba thobalano li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Qeto ea bohlokoahali e ka fumanoang thutong ena ke hore matšoao a kelello, boiketlo ba motho ea botho, linaha tse nang le tšusumetso, alexithymia, le ho ikopanya le matšoenyeho e ne e le likamano tsa mantlha tsa kelello tsa bokhoba ba thobalano ha li ntse li laola maemo a sechaba. Liphetho tsa hajoale li fana ka maikutlo a hore molemong oa ho ba le kutloisiso e hlakileng ea bokhoba ba thobalano, ho bohlokoa ho bokella lintlha ka mefuta e mengata. Ho ka ba molemo ho batlisisa litlamorao tsa ho feto-fetoha le ho lekanyetsoa hoa mefuta-futa ea kelello lithutong tsa nako e tlang ho hlalosa hamolemo metheo ea bokhoba ba thobalano. Phello e itekanetseng ea mefuta-futa ea sechaba le sechaba e kang bong, boemo ba thuto, ts'ebeliso ea joala le ho tsuba sakerete, tse fumanoeng li amahanngoa le bokhoba ba thobalano thutong ea hajoale, li ka ts'oaroa. Meetso ea lipakeng lipakeng tsa mefuta e tšohloang thutong kapa mefuta e mecha (mohlala, mathata a psychopathological, menahano e matlafatsang, mathata a amanang le psychotrauma, mabaka a fapaneng ka bomong) le ho lemalla thobalano ho ka batlisisoa. Ke ka tsela ena feela moo ho tla khoneha ho tseba litlamorao tse fapaneng tse tobileng le tse sa tobang tsa bokhoba ba thobalano, ho fana ka leseli le leholo mabapi le metheo e ka tsamaellanang le bokhoba ba thobalano. Le ha thuto ena e fana ka tlatsetso ea bohlokoa, lithuto tse ling lia hlokahala molemong oa ho nts'etsapele mekhoa e sebetsang ea thibelo le boits'oaro ba thobalano.
;
