Boithuto bo fumana hore "ts'ebeliso ea thobalano inthaneteng" e amana le litšobotsi tse lefifi (machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, le spiteful). Potso: Litšobotsi tsee li ka fapana joang kamora nako e telele ntle le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lipapali?
J Behav Addict. 2018 Nov 14: 1-11. doi: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.109.
inahaneloang
MOSEBETSI LE LINAKO:
Patlisiso e bontšitse hore litšobotsi tsa botho li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebelisong e nang le mathata a marang-rang (PIU). Leha ho le joalo, kamano lipakeng tsa litšobotsi tse lefifi (ke hore, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, le spiteful) mme PIU e ntse e lokela ho batlisisoa. Ka lebaka leo, sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho fuputsa likamano tsa litšobotsi tse lefifi le mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete (ke hore, litaba tsa sechaba, lipapali, papali ea chelete, mabenkeleng le thobalano) le PIU.
LITLHAHISO:
Baithuti ba univesithi ea 772 ka kakaretso ba phethile tlhahlobo ea boits'oaro, ho kenyelletsa le Scale ea Motsoako o Lefifi oa Quaden, Netefatso ea Short Sadistic, Spiteible Scale, le mofuta o fetotsoeng oa Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale.
LIKOTSO:
Tlhatlhobo ea "regier" ea Hierarchical le mokhoa oa ho iphetola ka bongata o bontšitse hore ho ba monna ho ne ho amahanngoa le papali e phahameng ea inthanete, thobalano le marang-rang, hape ho amana hampe le litaba tsa sechaba le mabenkele a marang-rang. Narcissism e ne e amana le ts'ebeliso e phahameng ea litaba tsa sechaba; Machiavellianism e ne e amana le papali e phahameng ea inthanete, marang-rang, le papali ea chelete ea inthanete; sadism e ne e amana le thobalano ea inthaneteng; le sho bontša mosa ho ne ho amahanngoa le ho kopanela liphate inthaneteng, papali ea chelete ea inthanete le mabenkeleng a marang-rang. Kamora nako, Machiavellianism le ho hloka toka li ne li amana ka kotloloho le ka kotloloho le PIU ka papali ea chelete ea inthaneteng, papali ea inthanete, le mabenkele a marang-rang, mme narcissism e ne e amana ka kotlolloho le PIU ka tšebeliso ea litaba tsa sechaba.
TŠOHLOOHO:
Liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsena tsa pele li bonts'a hore batho ba maemo a lefifi ba ka ba kotsing ea ho sebelisa ts'ebeliso ea mathata Inthaneteng le hore lipatlisiso tse ling li lokela ho lekola litloaelo tsa botho bo lefifi ka mefuta e ikhethang ea lits'ebetso tsa marang-rang.
LINKOTSO:
Machiavellianism; narcissism; ts'ebeliso ea mathata a marang-rang; psychopathy; sadism; leha e le joalo
PMID: 30427212
Selelekela
Phetolelo ea morao-rao ea beta ea ntlafatso ea 11th ea Sehlopha sa Machaba sa Tsamaiso ea Maloetse (Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo, 2017e hlokometse "bokuli ba lipapali, haholo inthaneteng," e le tlhahlobo ea semolao, le khatiso ea morao-rao ea Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello (Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2013) e kentse Khatello ea Lipapatso tsa Inthanete Karolong ea 3 e le taba e hlahang ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello e lokelang ho fuputsoa ka ho eketsehileng. Leha ho na le maikutlo a fapaneng a hore na ho nahaneloa ts'ebetso ea mathata a marang-rang, ntle le Ts'oaetso ea Lipapatso tsa Marang-rang, joalo ka litlamorao tsa boitšoaroMann, Kiefer, Schellekens, & Dom, 2017), bopaki bo matla bo fana ka maikutlo a hore sehlotšoana se senyenyane sa batho se tlaleha mekhoa e kotsi ea inthaneteng, joalo ka ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete (PIU; Kuss, Griffiths, Karila, le Billieux, 2014). Ho na le mantsoe a 'maloa a sebelisitsoeng haholo ho hlalosa ts'ebetso e kenelletseng ea marang-rang ho kenyelletsa "ho lemalla marang-rang," "ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang," "ts'ebeliso e feteletseng ea marang-rang" sebelisa hangata sebelisa mekhoa e tšoanang ea ho khetholla (Kuss et al., 2014). E 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso ea matšoao e sebelisitsoeng haholo e thehiloe kahara moralo oa biopsychosocial oa ho lemalla' me e na le likarolo tse tšeletseng tsa mantlha tse kenyelletsang ho kenella ka thata ho boits'oaro bofe kapa bofe (ke hore, boikhohomoso, ho ameha haholo, ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, mamello, ho ikhula le likhohlano; Griffiths, 2005). Kae kapa kae, PIU e ntse e bitsoa ho ameha haholo ka tahlehelo ea taolo ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e lebisang ho senyeheng bophelong ba motho, bophelo bo botle, ho phetha mesebetsi ea hae ea 'nete (mohlala, mosebetsi le / kapa thuto), le boroko le mekhoa ea ho ja (Spada, 2014). Molemong oa ho feto-fetoha le maemo, thuto ena e sebelisa poleloana e reng, "tšebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang" ho hlalosa mekhoa e mengata e ts'oanang le / kapa e fetelletseng inthaneteng e ts'oarang, e qobelloang, kapa / kapa e feteletseng. PIU ke phehisano ea maemo a lefatše ho feta (le "ho tšoasa tsohle") ho feta ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, ha ho bolele hore PIU ha e bolele hore batho ba nang le bothata bo itseng.
Sekhahla sa PIU se fapana haholo (lipakeng tsa 1% le 18%) lithutong tse fapaneng (bakeng sa tlhahlobo, bona Kuss et al., 2014). PIU ke bothata ba bophelo bo botle haholoholo ho bacha le batho ba baholo ba hlahang ka lebaka la litefiso tse phahameng tsa phihlello ea inthanete (Anderson, Steen, & Stavropoulos, 2017). Litlamorao tse mpe tsa PIU har'a batho ba fokolang ba kenyelelitse khatello ea maikutlo, matšoenyeho, khatello ea maikutlo, ho jeoa ke bolutu (Ostovar et al., 2016), ho robala mots'eare, ho hloka matla, le ho se sebetse hantle 'meleng (Kuss et al., 2014). Lits'enyehelo tsena li lebisitse bafuputsi ho fuputsa mabaka a kotsi a PIU e le ho theha maano a thibelo bakeng sa PIU.
Ho latela sebopeho sa ts'ebelisano ea Motho-Afimate-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE), e leng e 'ngoe ea likhakanyo tsa theoretical tse khothalelitsoeng ho hlalosa metheo ea PIU (Brand, Young, Laier, Wölfling, & Potenza, 2016), botho, cognitions tsa sechaba, molao-motheo oa biopsychological, le sepheo se ikhethileng sa tšebeliso ea inthanete ke tse ling tsa lintlha tsa mantlha tse amanang le nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea PIU. Lintlha tsena li ka hokahanngoa mme li ka bapala likarolo tsa ho arolelana mabapi le likamano tsa bona tse amanang le PIU (Brand et al., 2016). Ka hona, ha ho nahanoa ka PIU, ho bohlokoa hore tšebelisano ea liphapang tsa botho le sepheo se khethehileng sa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (mohlala, lipapali, papali ea chelete, thobalano, litaba tsa sechaba le ho ea mabenkeleng) li lokela ho tsotelloa.
Mabapi le semelo sa PIU, tlhahlobo ea meta-analytic e hlokometse karolo e ts'oanang ea litšobotsi tse kholo tsa Big tano ho nts'etsopele ea PIU. Haholo-holo, PIU e ne e amahanngoa le "neuroticism" e phahameng, ho phahamisa maikutlo ho tlase, letsoalo le tlase, ho buleha habonolo boiphihlelo le ho amoheloa habonolo (Kayiş et al., 2016). Phuputso e nang le likarolo tse ngata e tlalehile kamano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa botho ba PIU le HEXACO mabapi le letsoalo, ts'epahalo-boikokobetso le maikutlo (Kopuničová le Baumgartner, 2016). Lithuto tse ling li fumane PIU e phahameng e amahanngoa le ho batla bo-ralitaba, ho ipatlela boithabiso, maikutlo a tlase, le ho qoba maikutlo a mabe (Kuss et al., 2014). Leha ho le joalo, leha ho na le lingoliloeng tse ngata tse susumetsang mabapi le tšusumetso ea botho ho PIU, karolo ea litšobotsi tsa botho bo lefifi ha e e-so hlokoe.
Boithuto ba hajoale bo shebile ho Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, le ho hlonama le PIU ka lebaka la likamano tse tloaelehileng tsa sebopeho sa botho (mohlala, ho hloka kutloelo-bohloko, ho lumellana ho tlase, letsoalo le tlase, bohale, ho ikarola ho phahameng, likarolo tse phahameng tsa botho ba moeli, le maikutlo a maholo. lithahasello) tse amanang le maemo a phahameng a PIU (Dalbudak, Evren, Aldemir, le Evren, 2014; Douglas, Bore, & Munro, 2012; James, Kavanagh, Jonason, Chonody, & Scrutton, 2014; Kayiş et al., 2016; Lu et al., 2017; Kajeno 2016, Richardson & Boag; Trumello, Babore, Candelori, Morelli, & Bianchi, 2018). Litšobotsi tsa botho bo lefifi li amahantsoe le boits'oaro bo bobe ba marang-rang ho kenyelletsa litlhahiso tsa maemo a makatsang, cyberbullying, le trolling inthaneteng, hammoho le ho phethahatsa litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa kelello ho sebelisa li-platform tse fapaneng (Craker & Hlakubele, 2016; Garcia le Sikström, 2014; Panek, Nardis, & Konrath, 2013). Ntle le moo, patlisiso ea morao-rao e fumanoe ebile e tiisa hore Machiavellianism le narcissism li ne li amana hantle le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea phatlalatso ea litaba tsa sechaba, e kanna ea ba ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa batho ba phahameng ba nang le litšobotsi tsena (Kircaburun, Demetrovics, & Tosuntaş, 2018). Mesebetsi e mengata joale e ka tsamaisoa ke inthanete (mohlala, ts'ebeliso ea media ea sechaba, papali ea inthanete, papali ea chelete inthaneteng, cybersex le mabenkeleng a marang-rang) tse ka hohelang litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa batho ba nang le litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa botho. Ka lebaka leo, litšobotsi tse lefifi li ka amahanngoa le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea inthanete le PIU. Ka hona, thuto ena e batlisitse likamano lipakeng tsa litšobotsi tse lefifi, mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete le PIU.
Litšobotsi tsa botho bo lefifi le PIU
"The" Triad "e lefifi ke sehlopha sa linoko tse tharo tse sa rateheng le tse sa tsotelleng: Machiavellianism, psychopathy, le narcissism (Paulhus & Williams, 2002). Litšobotsi tsena li lebisitse tlhokomelo e eketsehang ho bafuputsi lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Haufinyane tjena, ho fanoa ka maikutlo a hore lefifi la "Triad" le lokela ho atolosoa ho lefifi la Tetrad ka tlatsetso ea masisapelo (Buckels, Trapnell, & Paulhus, 2014; van Geel, Goemans, Toprak, & Vedder, 2017). Ntle le moo, liphuputso tse ling li hlahlobile karolo ea ho se tsotellane hammoho le litšobotsi tsa Lefifi la Tetrad (Jonason, Zeigler-Hill, & Okan, 2017; Zeigler-Hill le Vonk, 2015). Leha ho le joalo, litsebi tse ling li pheha khang ea hore tlatsetso ea bomalimabe le ho hloka toka ho Triad ea Lefifi ha e hlake ebile ho na le bopaki bo eketsehileng bo matlafatsang (Jonason et al., 2017; Tran et al., 2018). Leha ho na le likarolo tsa mantlha tsa botho bo lefifi joalo ka ho qhekella ha motho le ho hlonama (Jones & Figueredo, 2013; Marcus, Preszler, & Hill ea Zeigler, 2018), mekhoa ena e na le likarolo tse ikhethileng tse ka hlahisang kotsi ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete.
Narcissism, e bolelang mohopolo o moholo oa ho italima, bophahamo, borena, le tokelo (Corry, Merritt, Mrug, & Pamp, 2008), e amahantsoe le ho nka karolo e phahameng ho ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba (Andreassen, Pallesen, & Griffiths, 2017; Kircaburun, Demetrovics, et al., 2018), ts'ebeliso e thata ea papali ea inthanete (Kim, Namkoong, Ku, & Kim, 2008), le PIU (Pantic et al., 2017). Ba phahameng ka mokhoa oa narcissism ba tlaleha ho nka karolo ho hoholo mabapi le boits'oaro bo khothalletsang (ka linako tse ling tse thetsang) marang-rang, joalo ka ho iphekola le ho romella haholo-holo har'a banna (Arpaci, 2018; Fox & Rooney, 2015), athe ho ipapatsa le ho hlahisa boits'oaro bo tsebahalang mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa kotsi bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete (Kircaburun, Alhabash, Tosuntaş, & Griffiths, 2018). Batho ba maemo a marang-rang ba ka ba le botumo bo phahameng le botumo ka ho sebelisa marang-rang a litaba tsa sechaba (Casale & Fioravanti, 2018), le / kapa ho etsa papali ea marang-rang e le mokhoa oa ho ikutloa o phahame ho feta bahlolisani ba bona ((Kim le al., 2008). Futhermore, ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa sechaba ka bobeli le tšebeliso ea lipapali tsa inthanete li ka lebisa ho PIU ka bongata ba batho (Király et al., 2014).
Machiavellianism, e bolelang ho thetsa, ho qhekella, ho rata maemo le ho sebelisa hampe (Christie & Geis, 1970), e amahantsoe le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba (Kircaburun, Demetrovics, et al., 2018), ho hatakela lipapaling tsa inthanete (Ladanyi & Doyle-Portillo, 2017), ho itlhahloba inthaneteng, le ho itlhasimolla (Abell & Brewer, 2014). Machiavellians a ka khetha li-social media le li-platform tsa lipapali tsa papali hore a kenelle molemong oa boqhekanyetsi kapa ho ipapise ka thetso (Abell & Brewer, 2014; Ladanyi & Doyle-Portillo, 2017) karolo e 'ngoe hobane ba tšaba ho khesoa sechabeng (Rauthmann, 2011). Ka lebaka la sebopeho se ka bonts'ang ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro bona, boits'oaro bona bo nang le mathata ba inthaneteng bo ka amahanngoa le matšoao a kang a tšebeliso e joalo ea tlhekefetso le phetoho ea maikutlo (Griffiths, 2005), hape, e fetoha PIU bakeng sa sehlotšoana sa batho (Kircaburun, Demetrovics, et al., 2018). Ntle le moo, Machiavellianism e amana hampe le maikutlo a monate (Egan, Chan, & Shorter, 2014) hape e lebisang maemong a phahameng a khatello ea maikutlo (Kajeno 2016, Richardson & Boag). Ho latela ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ke leano la ho sebetsana le maikutlo a fosahetseng khahlanong le maikutlo a fosahetseng (Kuss et al., 2014), hoa utloahala ho lebella hore batho ba itseng ba phahameng Machiavellianism ba kenelle PIU 'me e be basebelisi ba nang le mathata.
Psychopathy e tšoauoa ka ho hloka matla ho phahameng, ho se tsotelle, le kutloelo-bohloko e tlase (Jonason, Lyons, Bethell, & Ross, 2013). Hoa tšoana le Machiavellianism, psychopathy e boetse e amahanngoa le khatello ea maikutlo le maikutlo a fokolang (Egan et al., 2014; Zeigler-Hill le Vonk, 2015). Ntle le tšebeliso e ka bang teng ea "psychopaths" ho PIU e le leano le matla la ho sebetsana le mathata (Kuss et al., 2014), ba ka kopanela ho PIU molemong oa ho batla le ho fumana maikutlo a holimo (Lin & Tsai, 2002; Vuto le Rogers, 2001). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, batho ba ikemiselitseng ho etsa lintho tse mpe Inthaneteng, tse kang boitšoaro bo bobe ba marang-rang.van Geel et al., 2017), ho hatisoa hoa marang-rang (Buckels et al., 2014), molekane ea haufi-ufi oa cyberstalking (Ho tsuba le Hlakubele, 2017), le papali ea video e mabifi e bapalang (Greitemeyer & Sagioglou, 2017). Ho feta moo, li-psychopaths le li-sadists ba kanna ba leka ho khotsofatsa litakatso tsa thobalano inthaneteng (mohlala, ho shebella inthanete le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) le ho phela ka litoro tsa bona (Baughman, Jonason, Veselka, & Vernon, 2014) molemong oa ho eketsa nyakallo le thobalano ka thobalano (Shim, Lee, le Paul, 2007). Basadisi ba ka leka ho koahela tlhoko ea bona ea bokhopo (O'Meara, Davies, & Hammond, 2011) tseo ba ke keng ba li phetha lefatšeng la 'nete maemong a marang-rang. Liteko tse atlehileng li ka lebisa tšebelisong ea mathata ka phetolo e ntle ea maikutlo.
Ho bua ka mantsoe, ho 'nileng ha thoe ho ikemisetsa ho utloisoa bohloko ke ho utloisa ba bang bohloko (Zeigler-Hill, Noser, Roof, Vonk, & Marcus, 2015), ke sebopeho se ikhethileng sa botho se sa koaheloeng empa se fetellana ka sebopeho se fapaneng sa botho, joalo ka mabifi, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, boitšepo bo tlase, kutloelo-bohloko e tlase, le bohlale bo tlase ba maikutlo (Marcus, Zeigler-Hill, Mercer, & Norris, 2014; Zeigler-Hill et al., 2015). Tsena ke lintho tsa bohlokoa tse ka bang kotsing bakeng sa boits'oaro bo bobe ba inthaneteng le bo nang le mathata (Kuss et al., 2014). Ka lebaka leo, ho hloka toka ho phahameng e ka ba sesosa sa kotsi ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete. Ka lebaka la menyetla e eketsehang ea batho ba phahameng ho sa naterehe ho ba le mathata a litšebelisano tsa bophelo ba sebele ka lebaka la botho ba bona bo fapaneng, joalo ka ho qhekella ha bathoMarcus et al., 2014) le mefuta e kotsi ea metlae (Vrabel, Zeigler-Hill, & Shango, 2017), ba kanna ba tloaela ho etsa ts'ebetso e phahameng ea marang-rang bakeng sa ho qoba likamano tsa nnete tsa bophelo le / kapa ho thetsa ba bang habonolo (Kircaburun, Demetrovics, et al., 2018; Kırcaburun, Kokkinos, et al., 2018). Ntle le moo, maemo a nyarosang a batho ba khopo (Jonason et al., 2013; Marcus et al., 2014) e ka beha batho ba kotsing ea ho ba le PIU, hobane ho potlaka ke e 'ngoe ea li-PIU tse boletsoeng esale pele.Kuss et al., 2014).
Karolo ea mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete
Marang-rang ke mokhoa o thusang ho sebelisa mekhoa le liketso tse fapaneng, joalo ka ho sebelisa litaba tsa sechaba, papali ea chelete, papali ea chelete, ho becha, le thobalano (Griffiths, 2000; Montag et al., 2015). Boholo ba mesebetsi ena e se e ntse e le teng libakeng tsa marang-rang ntle le ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba. Ka hona, ho a khonahala hore boits'oaro ba batho ba kantle ho marang-rang bo ka fetela ho ba inthaneteng ka morero oa ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tse sa sebetseng tsa inthanete (Kardefelt-Winther, 2014), joalo ka papali ea papali ea chelete, papali ea chelete, thobalano, ho reka le ho buisana. Ho latela mofuta oa I-PACE (Brand et al., 2016), botho ba motho ke mohopolo oa bohlokoa bakeng sa khetho ea ts'ebeliso ea li-platform tsa inthanete le / kapa lits'ebetso. Bopaki bo sa tsoa qaqisoa ba hore batho ba nang le botho bo fapaneng ba ka fumana khotsofalo e fapaneng mesebetsing e fapaneng ea inthanete e fana ka netefatso ea mohlala oa I-PACE.
Joalokaha ho hlokometsoe pejana, ho etsa lintho tse fumanehang marang-rang e ka ba bokhoba ba ho lebisa ho PIU bakeng sa sehlotšoana sa batho. Mohlala, papali ea inthanete e amahantsoe le lipapali tse thata. Leha ho le joalo, ntle le papali ea marang-rang, ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea phatlalatso ea inthanete e boetse e fumanoe e le ho bolela PIU e phahameng, leha ho le joalo, papali ea mathata e ne e amana feela le papali ea inthanete (Király et al., 2014). Ka lebaka leo, PIU e ka bitsoa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ka kotloloho mesebetsing ea eona e fapaneng. Ka hona, ho kanna ha etsahala hore ho etsa lintho tsena tse boletsoeng pele marang-rang li amana le PIU e phahameng le lebaka la likamano lipakeng tsa botho bo lefifi le PIU. Bopaki bo bong bo matla bo bonahala bo tšehetsa khopolo ena ka ho tlaleha likamano tsa bohlokoa tsa lipapali tsa inthanete, papali ea chelete le ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le PIU (Alexandraki, Stavropoulos, Burleigh, King, & Griffiths, 2018; Critselis et al., 2013; Stavropoulos, Kuss, Griffiths, Wilson, le Motti-Stefanidi, 2017). Ka lebaka leo, ho ka etsahala hore botho bo fapaneng bo fapaneng bo laole batho ka bomong ho sebelisa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa inthanete, ebe, ho fumana khotsofalo mesebetsing eo ba e ratang ea inthanete ho ka lebisa tšebeliso ea marang-rang e pheta-phetoang le mathata. Kahoo, ho lebelletsoe hore litšobotsi tsa botho bo lefifi li tla amana le PIU li sebelisa litsela tse sa tsejoeng ka liketso tse ikhethileng tsa inthanete.
Boithuto ba hona joale
Ena ke thuto ea pele ea ho fuputsa mekhatlo e tobileng le e sa tobang ea litšobotsi tse lefifi (ke hore, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, le spiteility) le PIU ka mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete (ke hore, litaba tsa sechaba, lipapali tsa inthanete, papali ea chelete inthaneteng, mabenkeleng a marang-rang. , le thobalano inthaneteng). Boithuto ba pejana bo shebane haholo le likamano tsa litšoaneleho tse tharo tse lefifi (ke hore, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, le narcissism) maemong a fapaneng a marang-rang. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho thuto e kileng ea nahana ka litšobotsi tse hlano tse fapaneng (ke hore, Dark Triad ntle le ho hlonama le lenyatso) ka ts'ebeliso ea mesebetsi e fapaneng ea inthanete le PIU ka nako e le ngoe. Ho ne ho lebelletsoe hore ho tla ba le tšusumetso lipakeng tsa mesebetsi ea inthanete lipakeng tsa sebopeho sa botho le PIU. Ho ipapisitsoe le likhopolo tsa mohopolo tsa mofuta oa I-PACE (o netefatsang hore lintlha tse amanang tse amanang le semelo le sepheo se ikhethileng sa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete li ka bapala karolo ea ho kena lipakeng likamanong tsa bona le PIU) le bopaki bo seng bo le teng, thuto ena e thehile le ho leka likhopolo tse 'maloa ha ho laola bong le lilemo.
H1: Narcissism le Machiavellianism e tla amahanngoa ka kotloloho le PIU mme e sa tobang ka mecha ea litaba ea sechaba le lipapatso tsa inthanete (Kim le al., 2008; Kircaburun, Demetrovics, et al., 2018; Ladanyi & Doyle-Portillo, 2017).
H2: Psychopathy le masoabi li tla amahanngoa ka kotloloho le PIU mme ka ho hloka thobalano ka thobalano e fumanehang marang-rang (Buckels et al., 2014; Lin & Tsai, 2002; Vuto le Rogers, 2001).
H3: Psychopathy le ho hloka boikaketsi li tla amahanngoa ka kotloloho le PIU mme e se ka kotloloho ka papali ea chelete ea inthaneteng (Jonason et al., 2013; Marcus et al., 2014).
mekhoa
Kakaretso ea baithuti ba univesithi ea Turkey ea 772 (64% basali), ba lilemo tse pakeng tsa 18 le 28 lilemo (e bolelang lilemo tsa 20.72, SD = 2.30), lipotso tse tlatsitsoeng tsa pampiri le pentšele. Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba tsebisoa ka lintlha tsa thuto mme ba fana ka tumello ea bona e nang le tsebo. Ho nka karolo phuputsong ho ne ho sa tsejoe le ho ithaopa. Lintlha tse sebelisitsoeng phuputsong ena li ile tsa bokelloa ka nako e le ngoe le boithuto bo bong bo phatlalalitsoeng kae kapa kae (ke hore, Kircaburun, Jonason, & Griffiths, 2018a).
Bakeng sa ho fumana tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le bong ba bankakarolo, lilemo, le mesebetsi e itseng ea inthaneteng e sebelisitsoeng, ho ile ha sebelisoa foromo ea tlhahisoleseling ea motho ka mong. Barupeluoa ba sebelisitse sekhechana sa lintlha tsa 5ha ho mohla"Ho"kamehla"Ho bontša ts'ebeliso ea bona ea marang-rang ea papali ea chelete inthaneteng (ke hore,"Ke sebelisa marang-rang bakeng sa papali ea chelete”), Ho bapala (ke hore,“Ke sebelisa marang-rang bakeng sa papali”), Ho ea mabenkeleng (ke hore,“Ke sebelisa marang-rang bakeng sa ho ea mabenkeleng”), Metswedi ya dikgang (ke hore,“Ke sebelisa marang-rang mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba”), Le thobalano (ke hore,“Ke sebelisa marang-rang bakeng sa thobalano").
Sekala se na le lintho tsa 12 tse 9-point Likert from “ha e lumellane ka matla"Ho"ka matla lumela, ”E nang le lintho tse 'ne molemong oa sebopeho ka seng ho kenyeletsoa le Machiavellianism (mohlala,"Ke sebelisitse thetso kapa leshano ho fumana tsela”), Lefu la kelello (mohlala,“Ke tloaetse ho se amehe haholo ka boitšoaro kapa boitšoaro ba liketso tsa ka”), Le narcissism (mohlala,"Ke batla hore ba bang ba 'mamele"). Mofuta oa Turkey oa sekala seo esale o tlaleha ho nepahala le ho ts'epahala (Özsoy, Rauthmann, Jonason, & Ardıç, 2017). Sekala se ne se e-na le botsitso bo lekaneng ba kahare ho phuputso ena (Cronbach's α = .67-.88).
Sekala se na le 10 dichotomous ("ho fapana le nna"Le"joalo ka 'na”) Lintho (mohlala,“Ke na le litoro tse kenyelletsang ho utloisa batho bohloko"). Mofuta oa Turkey oa sekala seo esale o tlaleha ho nepahala le ho ts'epahala (Kircaburun, Jonason, & Griffiths, 2018b). Sekhahla se ne se e-na le botsitso bo kahare boithuto boithuto bona (α = .77).
Sekala sa mantlha se na le lintho tse 17 (mohlala, "E kanna ea ba ho beha botumo ba ka kotsing bakeng sa ho jala lesebo ka motho eo ke sa mo rateng") Ka sekhahla sa Likert ea 5ha ho mohla"Ho"kamehla. ”Thutong ena, lintho tsa 11 tse lumellanang le liithuti tsa univesithi ea Turkey li ile tsa khethoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lihlahisoa (EFA) le tlhahlobo ea netefatso ea lintlha (CFA). Ka lebaka leo, EFA (KMO = 0.90; p <.001; merabe e pakeng tsa 0.29 le 0.59; ho hlalosa 48% ea phapang) le CFA (litekanyo tse emeng tsa boima ba khatello ho tloha 0.49 le 0.72) li hlahisitse li-subfactors tse peli, tse nkoang e le ho utloisa ba bang bohloko (mohl. “Haeba ke ne ke na le monyetla, ka nako eo ke ne ke tla thabela ho patala chelete e nyane ho bona ngoana eo ke kenang sekolo le eena eo ke sa mo batleng a hloleha ho ngola tlhahlobo ea hae ea ho qetela") Le ho khathatsa ba bang (mohl. “Haeba ke ne ke le e mong oa baithuti ba ho qetela ka tlelaseng ea neng a ngola litlhahlobo, 'me ke hlokometse hore morupeli o shebahala a hloka mamello, ke tla etsa bonnete ba hore ke ipha nako ea ho qeta tlhatlhobo hobane feela ke mo khopisa."). CFA ea pele-pele (χ2/df = 2.67, RMSEA = 0.05 [90% CI (0.04, 0.06)], CFI = 0.97, GFI = 0.97) e bontšitse hore sekala se ka sebelisoa ka mokhoa o sa bonahaleng. Sekala se ne se na le botsitso bo botle ba ka hare thutong ena (α = .84).
BIAS ea Turkey e ne e sebelisoa ho lekola ho lemalla ha inthanete. BIAS e ntlafalitsoe ka ho feto-fetoha ha lintlha tsa Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (Andreassen, Torsheim, Brunborg, & Pallesen, 2012). Turkey BIAS (Tosuntaş et al., 2018) o nkile lebitso la "Facebook”Ka lentsoe"inthanete. ” BIAS e na le lintho tse tšeletseng (mohlala, "Ke hangata hakae selemong se fetileng u kileng oa leka ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea marang-rang ntle le katleho?") Ka sekhahla sa Likert ea 5ha ho mohla"Ho"kamehla. ”Mofuta oa Turkey oa sekala seo esale o tlaleha ho nepahala le ho ts'epahala. Sekhahla se ne se e-na le botsitso bo kahare boithuto boithuto bona (α = .83).
Tumello ea boithuto bakeng sa thuto e amohetse ho tsoa ho liboto tsa tsamaiso ea lefapha la thuto ea matsoho pele ho ho nka karolo ha barupeluoa, mme e tsamaisana le Phatlalatso ea Helsinki.
Results
Lipalopalo tse hlalosang, skewness, kurtosis, le li-inflation factor (VIF) boleng, le khokahano lipakeng tsa bong, lilemo, litšobotsi tsa Lefifi la Tetrad, ho sa tsotelehe, mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete, le PIU li bontšoa ka har'a Lethathamo 1. Pele o etsa tlhahlobo ea maemo a phahameng a amanang le maemo a holimo, skewness, kurtosis, VIF, le litekanyetso tsa mamello li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho netefatsa hore phatlalatso e sa tloaelehang le multicollinearity ha li fumanoe. Ho latela West, Finch, le Curran (1995), meelelo ea ho skewness le kurtosis bakeng sa maemo a tloaelehileng ke ± 2 le ± 7, ka ho latellana, athe Kline (2011) e na le mokhoa oa ho fana ka bolokolohi haholoanyane ka ± 3 le UM 8, ka ho latellana, le hoja litataiso tse ling tsa taolo ea boitšoaro li nka tlolo ea molao oa phepelo e tloaelehileng haeba boleng ba skewness le kurtosis e ne e le ± 2 (George & M gallery, 2010). Phuputsong ena, lintho tse fetohileng ha lia ka tsa fetoloa kapa hona ho etsoa liteko tse seng tsa paramethara hobane, ha boleng ba skewness bo le ka tlase ho monyetla, tlolo ea molao ea tloaelo e bakiloeng ke kurtosis e ka hlokomolohuoa ka mehlala e meholo (Tabachnick le Fidell, 2001). Hierarchical regression analysis (Lethathamo 2) e sebelisitsoe ho lekola semelo sa bolebelli ba liketso tse ikhethileng tsa inthanete ha u ntse u laola bakeng sa bong le lilemo tse sebelisa software ea SPSS 23. Ho ba monna ho ne ho amana hantle le papali ea inthanete (β = 0.35, p <.001), thobalano inthaneteng (β = 0.42, p <.001), le papali ea chelete ea inthanete (β = 0.19, p <.001), mme hampe ka ts'ebeliso ea media ea sechaba (β = -0.16, p <.001) le mabenkeleng a marang-rang (β = -0.13, p <.001). Lilemo li ne li amahanngoa feela le ts'ebeliso ea media ea sechaba (β = -0.16, p <.001). Narcissism e ne e amana le ts'ebeliso ea media ea sechaba (β = 0.18, p <.001); Machiavellianism e ne e amahanngoa le papali ea marang-rang (β = 0.11, p <.05) le thobalano inthaneteng (β = 0.09, p <.05). Bao ba nang le tlhaselo e phahameng ba hapile holimo ho thobalano inthaneteng (β = 0.10, p <.05), papali ea chelete inthaneteng (β = 0.16, p <.001), le mabenkeleng a marang-rang (β = 0.15, p <.01). Kamora nako, ho hlonama ho ne ho amahanngoa feela le thobalano inthaneteng (β = 0.12, p <.01).
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Tafole 1. Ho bolela lintlha, SDs, le likhakanyo tsa Pearson tsa lipapiso tse ithutoang
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Ts'ebeliso e thata ea inthanete | - | |||||||||||
| 2. Ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa sechaba | .33 *** | - | ||||||||||
| 3. Ts'ebeliso ea lipapali | .14 *** | -.01 | - | |||||||||
| 4. Ts'ebeliso ea thobalano | .10 ** | .00 | .28 *** | - | ||||||||
| 5. Tšebeliso ea papali ea chelete | .14 *** | -.02 | .26 *** | .32 *** | - | |||||||
| 6. Ts'ebeliso ea mabenkele | .17 *** | .19 *** | .10 ** | .03 | .09 ** | - | ||||||
| 7. Machiavellianism | .24 *** | .10 ** | .19 *** | .32 *** | .22 *** | .05 | - | |||||
| 8. Psychopathy | .15 *** | .04 | .14 *** | .26 *** | .18 *** | .05 | .53 *** | - | ||||
| 9. Narcissism | .20 *** | .18 *** | .11 ** | .24 *** | .07 * | .03 | .50 *** | .28 *** | - | |||
| 10. Tsietso | .20 *** | .08 * | .16 *** | .34 *** | .16 *** | .05 | .47 *** | .48 *** | .29 *** | - | ||
| 11. Monate | .26 *** | .11 ** | .13 *** | .31 *** | .24 *** | .13 *** | .46 *** | .48 *** | .34 *** | .49 *** | - | |
| 12. Lilemo | −.16 *** | −.17 *** | -.04 | .04 | .06 | -.03 | -.00 | .03 | .02 | -.06 | .00 | - |
| 13. Banna | -.00 | −.12 ** | .37 *** | .50 *** | .25 *** | −.09 ** | .22 *** | .20 *** | .15 *** | .26 *** | .21 *** | .05 |
| M | 16.67 | 4.23 | 2.29 | 1.52 | 1.56 | 2.74 | 9.43 | 9.83 | 16.25 | 11.29 | 16.60 | 20.72 |
| SD | 5.34 | 1.01 | 1.27 | 0.90 | 0.99 | 1.11 | 6.15 | 5.75 | 9.06 | 1.82 | 6.66 | 2.30 |
| Skewness | 0.17 | 1.80 | 0.69 | 0.20 | -1.45 | 1.75 | 1.55 | 1.52 | 0.31 | 2.17 | 1.82 | 1.38 |
| Kurtosis | -0.37 | 2.44 | -0.62 | -0.56 | 1.67 | 2.43 | 2.43 | 3.11 | -0.93 | 5.16 | 3.59 | 1.67 |
| VIF | - | 1.20 | 1.24 | 1.09 | 1.13 | 1.55 | 1.89 | 1.62 | 1.42 | 1.61 | 1.61 | 1.05 |
Hlokomela. SD: ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng; VIF: Taba ea phallo ea phapang.
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
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Tafole 2. Kakaretso ea khatello ea maemo a boloi e lekola liketsahalo tsa marang-rang tse fapaneng
| β (t) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| metswedi ya dikgang | dipapadi | Sex | becha | Shopping | ||
| Block 1 | banna | −0.16 (−4.33) *** | 0.35 (9.93) *** | 0.42 (13.40) *** | 0.19 (5.43) *** | −0.13 (−3.42) *** |
| Age | −0.16 (−4.58) *** | −0.06 (−1.85) | 0.02 (0.78) | 0.05 (1.56) | −0.02 (−0.60) | |
| Block 2 | Machiavellianism | 0.01 (0.17) | 0.11 (2.41) * | 0.09 (2.33) * | 0.14 (3.00) ** | 0.01 (0.24) |
| Kelello | −0.02 (−0.49) | 0.01 (0.19) | 0.00 (0.10) | 0.02 (0.55) | −0.00 (−0.03) | |
| Narcissism | 0.18 (4.39) *** | −0.00 (−0.11) | 0.06 (1.83) | −0.08 (−1.99) * | −0.01 (−0.26) | |
| Tsietso | 0.03 (0.71) | 0.01 (0.15) | 0.12 (3.27) ** | −0.02 (−0.46) | 0.01 (0.14) | |
| Monate | 0.07 (1.66) | 0.00 (0.10) | 0.10 (2.60) * | 0.16 (3.66) *** | 0.15 (3.37) ** | |
| R2adj = .08; F(7, 764) = 10.48; p <.001 | R2adj = .15; F(7, 764) = 19.84; p <.001 | R2adj = .32; F(7, 764) = 53.25; p <.001 | R2adj = .11; F(7, 764) = 13.97; p <.001 | R2adj = .02; F(7, 764) = 3.62; p <.01 | ||
Hlokomela. Melao e mabokoseng e supa t boleng ba tse fapaneng.
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
Bakeng sa ho hlahloba litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang lipakeng tsa sebopeho sa botho le PIU, mokhoa oa poelano o sa feleng o ile oa lekoa ka litšobotsi tsa botho bo lefifi joalo ka lintho tse ikemetseng, mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete e le babuelli, PIU e le phetoho, le bong le lilemo joalo ka taolo e fapaneng. (Setšoantšo 1). Software ea AMOS 23 e ne e tsamaisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea tsela e sebelisang mokhoa oa bootstrapping ka li-sampuli tsa 5,000 bootstrinji le likhetsi tsa 95% tse lokisitsoeng ka mokhoa o leeme. Litsela tse sa tobang li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa tekanyetso (Gaskin, 2016). Ka lebaka la litlhahlobo (Tafole 3), Machiavellianism e ne e amana ka kotloloho le ka kotloloho le PIU ka papali ea papali ea chelete le inthaneteng (β = 0.12, p <.05; 95% CI [0.02, 0.21]). Narcissism e ne e amahanngoa le PIU ka kotloloho ka ts'ebeliso ea media ea sechaba (β = 0.09, p <.05; 95% CI [0.00, 0.18]). Kamora nako, lehloeo le ne le amana ka kotloloho le ka kotloloho le PIU ka ho becha inthaneteng le ho reka inthaneteng (online = 0.18, p <.001; 95% CI [0.10, 0.26]). Moetso o hlalositse 21% ea phapang ea PIU.
Setšoantšo sa 1. Moetso oa ho qetela oa coefficients ea bohlokoa tseleng. Bong le lilemo li ile tsa fetoloa bakeng sa mokena-lipakeng 'me ho fapana ka phello mohlaleng ona. Bakeng sa ho hlaka, phapang pakeng tsa taolo le lihokela pakeng tsa boikemelo, taolo, le liphihlelo ha li e-so hlahisoe setšoantšong. *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001
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Tafole 3. Likhakanyo tse tloaelehileng tsa litlamorao tse totobalang, tse tobileng, le tse sa tobang ts'ebeliso ea mathata a marang-rang le liemahale tsa mmuelli
| Phello (SE) | Kakaretso e hlalositsoe (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Machiavellianism → Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete (phello e felletseng) | 0.12 (0.05) * | - |
| Machiavellianism → Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete (phello e tobileng) | 0.09 (0.05) * | 75 |
| Machiavellianism → Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete (phello e sa tobang) | 0.03 (0.02) | 25 |
| Machiavellianism → Papali ea chelete .. Ho becha | 0.01 (0.01) * | 8 |
| Machiavellianism → Papali ea chelete → Tšebeliso e mpe ea inthanete (phello e sa tobang) | 0.01 (0.01) * | 8 |
| Narcissism → Ts'ebeliso e thata ea inthanete (phello e felletseng) | 0.09 (0.04) * | - |
| Narcissism → Ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e nang le bothata (phello e tobileng) | 0.05 (0.04) | 56 |
| Narcissism → Ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba → Tšebeliso ea marang-rang e nang le bothata (ha e sa sebetse) | 0.04 (0.02) * | 44 |
| Monyetla → Ts'ebeliso e thata ea inthanete (phello e felletseng) | 0.18 (0.04) *** | - |
| Monyetla → Ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e nang le bothata (phello e tobileng) | 0.14 (0.04) *** | 78 |
| Monyetla → Ts'ebeliso e thata ea inthanete (phello e sa tobang ka botlalo) | 0.04 (0.02) ** | 22 |
| Ho bontša moea oa ho becha → Papali ea chelete… Tšebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang | 0.02 (0.01) * | 11 |
| Ho reka ka tsela e loketseng → Ho reka | 0.01 (0.01) * | 6 |
Hlokomela. *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
Puisano
Ho tsebo ea bangoli, ena ke thuto ea pele ea ho fuputsa mekhatlo e tobileng le e sa tobang ea litšobotsi tse lefifi (ke hore, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, le spiteful) le PIU ka mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete (ke hore, mecha ea litaba ea sechaba, ho bapala Inthaneteng, ho becha Inthaneteng, mabenkeleng online, le ho kopanela liphate online,). Ho latela litlhahlobo, ebile e lumellana le mofuta oa I-PACE, litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa botho li ne li amahanngoa le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea inthanete le maemo a PIU. Leha ho le joalo, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore boholo ba litlamorao lipakeng tsa mefuta li ne li le nyane. Le ha kamano lipakeng tsa narcissism le PIU e ne e buelletsoe ka botlalo ke ts'ebeliso ea media ea sechaba, Machiavellianism e ne e amana ka kotloloho le ka tsela e sa tobang le PIU ka papali ea chelete ea inthanete le papali ea inthanete. Kamora nako, papali ea chelete ea inthanete le ho reka marang-rang li ile tsa buella kamano pakeng tsa lehloeo le PIU. Le ha likhopolo-taba tsa pele le tsa boraro li ne li tšehelitsoe hanyane, liphuputso li ne li sa tsamaisane le khopolo ea bobeli.
E lumellana hantle le ts'usumetso, mecha ea litaba ea sechaba e sebelisang kamano e lipakeng tsa narcissism le PIU. Narcissism e ne e amana le ts'ebeliso e phahameng ea phatlalatso ea litaba tsa sechaba, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ts'ebeliso e phahameng ea litaba tsa sechaba e ne e amana le PIU e phahameng. Ho bonahala eka batho ba maemong a phahameng sechabeng ba khetha mecha ea litaba sechabeng ho sebelisa lipapatso tsa lipapali tsa inthanete e le hore ba phethe litlhoko tsa bona tsa kelello tse hlahisoang ke botho ba bona bo joalo joalo ka tlhokahalo ea ho ananeloa.Casale & Fioravanti, 2018). Li-narcissists li sebelisa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa media ho ikatisa le ho itlhokomela, e leng se ka fetolang ho tšoareha ha bona ka lintlha tsa bona le maikutlo a ba bang liposong tsa bona (Kircaburun, Demetrovics, et al., 2018). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ts'ebetso ena e ka fetoha PIU ea palo e fokolang ea batho. Ka lebaka la hore, ho fapana le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa marang-rang, ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba e ka kenella marang-rang feela, ts'ebeliso ea eona e nang le mathata e ka fetolela habonolo ho PIU ha e bapisoa le lits'ebetso tsa inthaneteng tse tšoanang le tsa marang-rang.
Ha e bapisoa le tšibollo ea maikutlo, Machiavellianism e ne e amana ka kotloloho le ka kotloloho le PIU ka papali ea papali ea chelete le papali ea chelete ea inthaneteng. Kaha Machiavellians a ka ba le mathata litšebelisanong tsa 'nete tsa bophelo ka lebaka la ho lumellanya ho fokolang, maikutlo a phahameng a maikutlo, ho tsebahala ha maemo a phahameng, le bohlale bo tlase ba maikutlo (Austin, Farrelly, Motšo, & Moore, 2007; Jonason & Krause, 2013), ba ka ikutloa ba phutholohile haholoanyane marang-rang mme ba khetha ho sebelisana le inthanete puisanong ea sefahleho le sefahleho. Ntle le moo, baithuti ba Machiavellian ba fumanoe ba na le khatello ea maikutlo e phahameng ha ba bapisoa le baithuti bao eseng ba Machiavellian (Bakir et al., 2003). Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore ho tla ba le PIU e phahameng ho batho ba phahameng Machiavellianism, hobane khatello ea maikutlo ke ponelopele ea tšebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (Kircaburun, Kokkinos, et al., 2018).
Machiavellianism e ne e amahanngoa le papali ea marang-rang le papali ea chelete marang-rang, mme lipapali tsa inthanete le papali ea chelete li ile tsa lebisa ho PIU e phahameng. Boithuto ba pejana bo amahantse Machiavellianism le papali ea mesarelo (ke hore, ho bapala lipapali tsa inthanete), e ka hlahisang tlhaloso ea kamano ena (Ladanyi & Doyle-Portillo, 2017). Kaha batho ba phahameng Machiavellianism ba bontšitsoe hore ba na le maikutlo a tlholisano ebile ha ba tsamaisane le boits'oaro bo botle le boits'oaro ho fihlella lipheo tsa bona (Clempner, 2017), ba kanna ba ba le papali ea ho hlomoha ho hlola libapali tse ling mme liteko tsena li ka fetoha linako tse telele tse sebelisitsoeng papaling ea inthanete. E ts'oanang le papali ea chelete, papali ea chelete ke tikoloho e 'ngoe ea tlholisano e nang le moputso o eketsehileng o kang ho fumana chelete ea' nete. Litšobotsi tsa boitšoaro ba Machiavellian li fumanoe li amana le maikutlo a moputso tse bonts'ang hore meputso ke khothatso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa batho ba nang le litšobotsi tse phahameng tsa Machiavellian (Birkás, Csathó, Gács, & Bereczkei, 2015). Papali ea chelete ea inthaneteng le papali ea chelete marang-rang ke lintho tse peli tse tsebahalang haholo bakeng sa ho sebelisa marang-rang, 'me li ka fetoha habonolo ho kenya letsoho inthaneteng bakeng sa basebelisi ba bang (Brand et al., 2016).
E tsamaellana le sephetho se lebelletsoeng, ho hloka toka e ne e amana ka kotloloho le PIU mme e ne e sa sebetse ka kotloloho ho becha le ho becha Inthaneteng. E ts'oanang le Machiavellianism, leha ho le joalo ho ts'epahalla ho amahanngoa le khatello e phahameng ea maikutlo (Zeigler-Hill le Vonk, 2015), lethathollo le likhatiso (Thaba-Tseka & Noser, 2018) - Litloaelano tse ka lebisang ho khotsofatseng litlhoko tsa sechaba ka litakatso tsa inthanete (Gervasi et al., 2017; Niemz, Griffiths, & Banyard, 2005). Boitšoaro bo khahlisang bo susumetsoa ke maikutlo a mohono le a ho hloka (Marcus et al., 2014) le batho ba phahameng leha ho le joalo ba na le maemo a holimo a tlokotsi ea ho hlaseloa habonolo le boitšepo bo tlase (Marcus et al., 2014), tse amanang le ts'ebeliso e phahameng ea ts'ebeliso ea methapo ea kutlo (Andreassen et al., 2017; Casale, Fioravanti, & Rugai, 2016). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, batho ba sa tsotelleng ba ka sebelisa mabenkele a marang-rang a susumetsoang ke mohono oa bona bakeng sa ba bang kapa tlhoko ea bona ea ho lula ba matlafatsoa ka lebaka la maikutlo a bona a tlokotsing a boits'oaro le boitšepo bo tlase. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho reka ka marang-rang ho ka lebisa tšebeliso e qobelloang ea inthanete ha ho etsoa lipatlisiso ka liwebosaete tsohle tse fapaneng tsa ho reka lihlahisoa tse fapaneng.
Phuputso ena ke e 'ngoe ea tse' maloa tse entsoeng ho nahanisisa karolo ea litšobotsi tsa botho bo lefifi ho PIU. Ho na le lintlha tse ngata lipakeng tsa liphumano tse tlalehiloeng mona le tse lipakeng tsa lithuto tsena leha ho na le liphetho tse hanyetsanang. Mohlala, ha thuto ena e tlaleha kamano e ikhethileng pakeng tsa Machiavellianism le PIU, Machiavellianism e ne e le ponelopele ea tšebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea phatlalatso har'a liithuti tsa univesithi thutong e fetileng (Kircaburun, Demetrovics, et al., 2018), mme e ne e se na thuso phuputsong e 'ngoe e hlahlobang papali ea mathata a marang-rang (Kircaburun et al., 2018b). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, narcissism e ne e amana hanyane ka mokhoa o sa tobang le PIU ka ts'ebeliso ea media ea sechaba thutong ena, leha e ne e le sesupo sa bohlokoa sa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea litaba tsa sechaba le papali e nang le mathata. Kaha lithuto tse boletsoeng kaholimo li entsoe le baithuti ba univesithi le libapali tse fapaneng ka ho felletseng, mehlala ea liphapang e kanna ea ba tlhaloso e ka bang teng ea litšobotsi tse fapaneng tse bolelang esale pele tšebeliso e mpe ea mesebetsi e fapaneng ea inthanete (mohlala, litaba tsa sechaba, lipapali le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete). Leha ho le joalo, liphapang tsena li ts'ehetsa mohopolo oa hore (leha li kopana ka bongata) mefuta e ikhethileng ea ts'ebeliso e nang le mathata marang-rang (mohlala, lipapali le media oa sechaba) le PIU ke boits'oaro bo fapaneng le mekhatlo e arohaneng ea li-nosological e ka bang le litlhahiso tsa botho tse fapaneng (Brand et al., 2016; Király et al., 2014; Montag et al., 2015). Le ha ho le joalo, lithuto tsena tsa pele li bonts'a hore ho tlameha ho shejoe litšobotsi tsa botho bo lefifi ha ho nahanoa ka PIU le boits'oaro bo bong bo nang le mathata ba inthanete, 'me lipatlisiso tse ling li netefalitsoe ka taba ena bakeng sa kutloisiso e ntle ea likamano tsena.
Phuputso ena e na le meeli e meng e lokelang ho sebetsoa lithutong tse tlang. Taba ea mantlha, lintlha tsa lipatlisiso li bokelletsoe ka lipotso tse ikarabellang ka sampole e ikhethileng e tloaetseng ho khetholoha le meeli e tsebahalang. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse tebileng tse kang litšoaneleho tse ntlafalitsoeng kapa tse tsoakaneng har'a sampole tse kholo le tse ling tsa baemeli. Ntlha ea bobeli, moralo oa likarolo o thibela ho taka likamano tsa causal. Bakeng sa ho tseba ho supa causality le tataiso ea likamano tsena, lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho sebelisa meralo ea nako e telele. Taba ea boraro, mohlala o entsoe ka liithuti tse tsoang pele tse tsoang univesithing e le 'ngoe. ka hona, kakaretso ea sephetho e haelloa. Boithuto ba nako e tlang bo lokela ho leka ho pheta lipatlo tse mona li sebelisa lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa lilemo le batho ba tsoang linaheng le litso tse fapaneng.
Leha ho na le mefokolo, ona ke thuto ea pele ho hlahloba likamano lipakeng tsa botho bo lefifi, mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete, le PIU. Ntle le moo, thuto ena e bontšitse hore ho sa tsotellehe ho ka amahangoa ka kotloloho le ka kotloloho le PIU e phahameng ka ts'ebeliso ea mesebetsi e fapaneng ea inthanete. Se fumanoeng ke boithuto bona se bonts'a hore ho tlameha ho be le lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng tse shebaneng le karolo ea litšobotsi tsa botho bo lefifi ts'ebelisong e thata ea inthanete ka mekhatlo ea bohlokoa e ikhethileng ea Machiavellianism le ho hloka toka ho PIU. Ntle le moo, liphetho li bontša hore Machiavellianism, ho sa tsotelehe, masisa-pelo, le narcissism li ne li amana le mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebetso tsa inthanete joalo ka thobalano ea inthaneteng, ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa sechaba, papali ea chelete inthaneteng, lipapali tsa inthanete le mabenkele a marang-rang, tseo kaofela li nang le monyetla oa ho li baka. kotsi bophelong ba batho ba bang ka lebaka la tšebeliso e mpe ea mathata le / kapa tšebeliso e feteletseng. Litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle le baoki ba tlameha ho nahana ka litšobotsi tsena tsa botho ha ba nahana ka maano a ho thibela le ho kenella a PIU. Ntle le maikutlo a boletsoeng pejana, thuto ena e ile ea leka mehopolo ea theory ea I-PACE mme ea fana ka bopaki bo matla ba karolo ea bohlokoa ea phapang ea botho phapanong ea lits'ebetso tsa inthanete le tšebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang, hammoho le karolo ea bohlokoa ea likhetho tsa marang-rang tse fapaneng. Mesebetsi ea ho tseba maemo a PIU.
Bangoli ka bobeli ba kentse letsoho haholo ho lokisetsoeng sengoloa.
Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore ha ho na likhohlano tsa thahasello.
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