J Behav Addict. 2018 Sep 11: 1-9. doi: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.77.
Chen L1,2,3, Yang Y2, Su W1,2,3, Zheng L4, Ding C5, Potenza MN3,6,7,8,9.
inahaneloang
Ka morao le sepheo
Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng e atile har'a liithuti tsa koleche mme ho na le bothata ho ba bang, empa ha ho tsejoe hanyenyane mabapi le tšebeliso ea kelello ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng (PIPU). Ha re sheba setšoantšo sa tšebelisano-'mele sa Motho-Motho oa Motho-ea Phelang, phuputso ena e ile ea leka mohlala oo takatso ea maikutlo a thobalano e ka amang PIPU ka liketso tsa thobalano tsa marang-rang (OSAs) le hore kamano ena e tla susumetsoa ke litlamorao tsa motho oa boraro ( TPE; khethollo ea lekunutu e amanang le litšusumetso tse lemohuoa ho ba bang ha e bapisoa le bona) ka tsela e shebang bong.
mekhoa
Kakaretso ea baithuti ba koleche ea 808 ea China (lilemo tsa 17-22 lilemo, 57.7% e banna) ba ile ba ngolisoa le ho hlahlojoa.
Results
Banna ba fumane lintlha tse phahameng ho feta basali ho li-OSA le PIPU le maemong ohle a sekala. Kamano lipakeng tsa SSS le PIPU e ne e buelloa ke li-OSA, mme TPE e lekantse kamano ena: tsela ea ponelopele (SSS ho PIPU) e ne e le bohlokoa feela ho bankakarolo ba nang le TPE e phahameng. Moetso o lekanyelitsoeng oa bonamoli o ne o sa hlasele lihlopha tsohle tsa bong, ka tlhaiso-leseling e fanang ka maikutlo a hore e ikarabella bakeng sa phapang e kholo ho banna ha e bapisoa le basali.
Puisano le liqeto
Se fumanoeng se fana ka maikutlo a hore SSS e ka sebetsa ka ho nka karolo ho li-OSAs ho lebisa ho PIPU, mme kamano ena e bohlokoa haholo ho banna ba lilemo li koleche ba honyeng haholo TPE. Liphumano tsena li na le moelelo ho batho ba ka bang kotsing ea ho theha PIPU le ho tataisa boiteko ba thuto le ho shebisa lipuisano ho baithuti ba lilemo li koleche. Hore na lipatlisiso tsena li fetela ho batho ba lilemo tse kae le litso tse ling li tiisa tlhatlhobo e eketsehileng.
LINKOTSO: bong; mokena-lipakeng liketso tsa marang-rang tsa thobalano; ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng; takatso ea takatso ea thobalano; phello ea motho oa boraro
PMID: 30203696
Selelekela
Ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang bakeng sa ho batla thobalano e atile le 13% ea mantsoe a kentsoeng lienjineng tsa patlo tsa inthanete tse amanang le thobalano (Ogas le Gaddam, 2011). Mabapi le 90% ea batho ba baholo naheng ea Chaena ba kile ba etsa liketso tsa thobalano marang-rang (OSAs) ka nako ea khoeli ea 6 (Li & Zheng, 2017; Zheng & Zheng, 2014). Baithuti ba bangata ba koleche ba tlalehile boiphihlelo ba ho fumana litaba tsa thobalano (89.8%) le boithabiso ba thobalano (76.5%) marang-rang, 'me hoo e batlang e le halofo ea bona (48.5%) ba tlaleha ho bala lihlahisoa tsa thobalano (Döring, Daneback, Shaughnessy, Grov, & Byers, 2017). Maemong a mangata, ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha ho tsamaisane le ho kena-kenana le likarolo tse kholo tsa bophelo ba hau. Leha ho le joalo, ho ba bang, e kanna ea ba bothata mme ea amahanngoa le litlamorao tse mpe (Ford, Durtschi, & Franklin, 2012; Weaver et al., 2011). Ka mabaka ana, ho bohlokoa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka mekhoa e ka 'nang ea kenya letsoho ho nts'etsopele le ho boloka ts'ebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng (PIPU).
Joalo ka bothata ba papali ea chelete ea ho becha kapa ho etsa lintho tse ling tse ngata tse sebelisang marang-rang, ho se sebetse hantle lits'ebetsong tsa thobalano marang-rang li hlalositsoe e le temallo ea "boitšoaro" (Cooper, Delmonico, Griffin-Shelley, & Mathy, 2004). PIPU e bonahala e arolelana likarolo tsa mantlha tsa boitšoaro le mekhoa e meng e lemalloang (Brand et al., 2011). Ka tloaelo e kenyelletsa tšebeliso e mpe ea taolo le tšebeliso e feteletseng, litakatso tse matla, litakatso le ho lakatsa, menahano e shebileng, le boitlamo bo tsoelang pele le ha ho na le litlamorao tse mpe, tse hlahisang pherekano e kholo ea motho le ho senyeha hoa ts'ebetso (Cooper et al., 2004; Kor et al., 2014; Wéry le Billieux, 2015). PIPU e kanna ea ba le lintho tse amanang le tšebeliso ea mathata a Marang-rang (PIU) le bokhoba ba thobalano (Griffiths, 2012) kapa tlhekefetso ea boitšoaro ba thobalano.Kraus et al., 2018), mohlomong e le sehlotshwana se ikhethileng (Brand, Young, & Laier, 2014; E monyenyane, 2008).
Joaloka tšobotsi e ka bang teng ea botho, takatso ea thobalano (SSS) e khothalelitsoe ho lebisa ho PIPU (Perry, Accordino, & Hewes, 2007). SSS e bua ka litšekamelo tsa ho leka boiphihlelo bo ikhethileng ba bong bo fapaneng ba bootsoa ho fumana maemo a phahameng a ho tsosa ka thobalano (Kalichman et al., 1994). E kopantsoe le hypersexuality (Walton, Cantor, Bhullar, & Lykins, 2017), boits'oaro bo kotsi ba thobalano (Heidinger, Gorgens, & Morgenstern, 2015), le maqhubu a phahameng a li-OSA (Lu, Ma, Lee, Hou, & Liao, 2014; Luder et al., 2011; Peter & Valkenburg, 2011; Zheng, Zhang, & Feng, 2017; Zheng & Zheng, 2014). Kahoo, SSS ke phetoho ea bohlokoa ho ithuteng ntlafatso ea PIPU. Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa eo SSS e ka lebisang ho eona PIPU e lula e sa tsejoe. Kutloisiso e ntlafalitsoeng ea mechini e joalo e ka nolofatsa tataiso e sebetsang ho batho ka bomong le litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo mabapi le ho theha maano a ho kenella (MacKinnon le Luecken, 2008). Ho utloisisa se boleloang ke SSS bakeng sa PIPU ka botlalo, lipatlisiso li lokela ho batlisisa litsela tse ka bang teng tsa lebaka le amehang ts'ebetsong eo litlamorao tse amanang le SSS li hlahang (ke hore, bonamoli). Taba ea bobeli, mefuta e lokela ho bonesa lintlha tsa maemo tseo litlamorao tse amanang le SSS li itšetlehileng ka tsona (ke hore, tekanyetso). Ka lebaka leo, phuputso ena e batlisisa likamano lipakeng tsa SSS le lintlha tse ling tse ka hlalosang mekhoa eo SSS e ka lebisang ho PIPU (bonamoli) le lintlha tse ka susumetsang litsela tsena (tekano).
Ho utloisisa likamano lipakeng tsa SSS le PIPU ka botlalo, re hula mohopolo oa tšebelisano ea motho-Motho oa Motho-ea utloisisang bohloko (I-PACE) ea mathata a itseng a ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang (Brand et al., 2014; Brand, Young, Laier, Wölfling, & Potenza, 2016). Mohlala o tiisa hore nts'etsopele le ho boloka mefuta e ikhethileng ea PIU e ka tsamaisoa ke litšobotsi tsa mantlha tsa motho (litlhoko, merero, li-predispositions, le psychopathology) mme li susumetsoa ke temohisiso ea motho, mme tsena li ka lebisa ho boits'oaro bo itseng bo kang OSA. Haeba motho a fumana khotsofalo ea hae mabapi le boitšoaro, a ka matlafatsoa mme a phetoa; litabeng tsa OSAs, sena se ka lebisa ho PIPU, e lumellanang le data e teng mabapi le khotsofalo ea thobalano, cybersex, le PIPU (Lu et al., 2014). Mefuta ea bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea maikutlo e boetse e fana ka maikutlo a hore litakatso tsa ho batla maikutlo tse amanang le tšusumetso e ntle li amana le boits'oaro bo tlatsetsang (Steinberg et al., 2008). Kaha marang-rang a na le menyetla e mengata ea ho kenella ho li-OSAs (tse amanang le ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ho arolelana thepa e tsosang takatso ea thobalano, jj) Li-OSA. Moetso oa I-PACE o fana ka litlhaloso tsa theoretical bakeng sa tšusumetso ea SSS ho PIPU. Tumellanong le maikutlo ana, kamano e pakeng tsa khafetsa ea OSAs le PIPU e hlokometsoe hore e ntle (Tse peli, Crosby, & Cox, 2009). Bafuputsi ba bang ba hlahisitse maikutlo a hore khafetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke taba ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatso ea PIPU (Cooper, Delmonico, & Burg, 2000; Cooper et al., 2004), empa ha se eona feela tataiso ea tšebeliso ea mathata, haholoholo ha boitsoaro bo laoloa ho moralo oa lintho tse ling tse tlang pele mme bo sa lebise ho utloiseng bohloko kapa ho tepella (Bőthe et al., 2017; Kor et al., 2014; Wéry le Billieux, 2015).
Moetso oa I-PACE o nka hore maemo a amanang le boloi a amanang le inthanete a ka kenyelletsa litumelo tsa bohata mabapi le litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa ho sebelisa lits'ebetso / libaka tse ling. Maikutlo a hore mecha ea litaba e na le tšusumetso e matla ho ba bang ho fapana le ho bitsoa lebitso la motho oa boraro (TPE) 'me ho iphumanela hore o moholo ho feta ho ba bang ho bitsoa tharollo ea motho oa pele (Davison, 1983). Ho latela mohlala oa I-PACE, khethollo ea kelello e ka sebetsa ka sebopeho le sebopeho sa basebelisi, ho potlakisa botebo ba ts'ebetso ea cue-reactivity le takatso, le ho khothaletsa ts'ebeliso ea lits'ebetso / libaka tse khethehileng (Brand, Young, et al., 2016). Ka bohlokoa bo ikhethang thutong ena, batho ba tlalehang maemo a phahameng a SSS ho tlalehiloe hore ba rata batho ba bang haholo (Gaither & Sellbom, 2003), mme botho bo ka phahamisa tumelo ea hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete li ka ba le litšusumetso tse mpe ho ba bang ho feta ho bona (Lee & Tamborini, 2005). TPE e ka lebisa tlhokomelisong e tlase mabapi le litlamorao tse mpe tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete mme ka hona e ka hokahana hantle le nts'etsopele ea PIPU.
Moralong ona oa khopolo-taba, re batlile ho hlahloba hore na tšusumetso ea SSS ho PIPU e lumellana le li-OSA le hore na kamano ee e fetotsoe ke maemo a TPE. Ka hona, re thehile mofuta o fetotsoeng oa bobuelli (Setšoantšo 1). Kaha ho na le phapang e tebileng e amanang le bong e teng ho OSAs le PIPU (Kor et al., 2014; Turban, Potenza, Hoff, Martino, & Kraus, 2017), mme boitlamo ba banna ho boitshwaro bo ka bang kotsi bo hokahane le matla a khothaletso ho feta boitlamo ba basali (Potenza et al., 2012; Zakiniaeiz, Cosgrove, Mazure, & Potenza, 2017), re ile ra hlahloba hore na mohlala o ne o tsotella hakae bong.
Setšoantšo sa 1. Mohlala oa Hypothesis. SSS: maikutlo a botona le botšehali; TPE: Phello ea motho oa boraro; PIPU: Tšebeliso e litšila ea Inthanete e bontšang litšoantšo tse litšila; OSA: liketso tsa thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang
mekhoa
Barupeluoa le lits'ebetso
Lintlha li ile tsa bokelloa nakong e pakeng tsa November 2016 le Hlakubele 2017 ho tsoa sampole ea baithuti ba koleche ea Chaena ka tlhahlobo e entsoeng marang-rang. Kakaretso ea baithuti ba koleche ea 808 [banna ba 466, basali ba 342; Mdilemo = Lilemo tse 18.54, ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng (SD) = = 0.75] ba hapuoe ka webosaete ea tlhahlobo ea litsebi tsa China (www.sojump.com). Ha ho litšusumetso tsa chelete tse fanoeng bakeng sa ho nka karolo. Baithaopi e ne e le liunivesithi tsa bohlokoa tsa sechaba (n = 276), liunivesithi tsa maemo a pele (n = 200), liunivesithi tsa maemo a bobeli (n = 150), lik'holejeng tsa sechaba, le likolong tsa mosebetsi oa matsohon = 182). Ho se tsejoe ha barupeluoa ho ne ho sirelelitsoe (ha ho na lintlha tsa botho kapa liaterese tsa protocol ea inthanete tse ileng tsa bokelloa).
Liphello tsa liphello
Sekala sa PIPU (PIPUS) ke mofuta oa tlaleho ea boits'oaro ba 12 e ipapisitseng le bothata ba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro.Kor et al., 2014) mme e ne e sebelisoa ho lekola PIPU. Sekala se na le lintlha tse 'ne ho kenyelletsa (a) khatello ea maikutlo le mathata a sebetsang, (b) ts'ebeliso e feteletseng, (c) mathata a ho ithiba, le (d) ts'ebeliso ho baleha kapa ho qoba maikutlo a mabe. Thutong ena, "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" li ile tsa fetoloa hore e be "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete" ho tloha qalong. Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea PIPUS e kenyelletsa lintho tse tharo. Babuelli ba ile ba botsoa ho tlaleha ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng likhoeling tsa 6 tsa ho qetela ka sekepe sa 6-point Likert se qalang ho 0 (ha ho mohla) ho 5 (ka linako tsohle) le lintlha tse phahameng tse bonts'a ho teba ha PIPU. Litekanyetso tsa Cronbach's α bakeng sa lintlha tsena tse 'ne mme kakaretso e felletseng thutong ena e ne e le .78, .85, .90, .87, le .94. Phetolelo ea China ea sekala e fumanoe e tšepahala ebile e sebetsa har'a baithuti ba koleche ea China (Chen, Wang, Chen, Jiang, & Wang, 2018).
Li-OSA ba ile ba hlahlojoa ba sebelisa lintho tsa 13 ho tloha tekanyo e lekantseng tšebeliso ea barupeluoa ba Marang-rang bakeng sa (a) ho shebella litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea thobalano, (b) ho batla balekane, (c) cybersex, le (d) ho bonya le ho lokisa likamano (Zheng & Zheng, 2014). Lintho tse lekiloeng li lekantsoe ho tsoa ho 1 (ha ho mohla) ho 9 (bonyane hanngoe ka letsatsi). Likolo tse phahameng li bonts'a ho kenya letsoho hangata ho OSAs. Ho shebella likarolo tse buang ka thobalano ho kenyelletsa lintho tse hlano mabapi le ho etela libaka tsa marang-rang tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ho shebella le ho jarolla livideo tse tsosang takatso inthaneteng, le ho bala lingoliloeng tse litšila marang-rang (Cronbach's α = .86). Ho na le lintho tse peli tse neng li lekanya sekhahla sa ho batla ho ba le thobalano, ho kenyelletsa le palo ea balekane ba thobalano ba batlang le palo ea balekane ba thobalano e fumanoeng inthaneteng (Cronbach's α = .70). Khafetsa cybersex e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa lintho tse 'ne ho kenyelletsa ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa tsa botšehali ka ho sebelisa pampiri ea marang-rang, ho hlalosa litoro tsa nnete tsa thobalano ka ho thaepa kapa lentsoe, le ho fapanyetsana litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso inthaneteng (Cronbach's α = .80). Ho lokisa feshene le likamano tsa botona le botšehali li lekantsoe ho sebelisoa lintho tse peli (Cronbach's α = .64). Cronbach's α ea tekanyo eohle e ne e le .89.
TSIETSI e lekantsoe ka ho botsa lipotso tse peli tse arohaneng: "Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete li na le tšusumetso e kae ho uena / liithuti tse ling univesithing ea hau? (Mohlala, susumetsa boitšoaro ba hau ba ho kopanela liphate le ba bang le maikutlo a hau ka batho ba bong bo fapaneng), ”ho latela tlhaloso ea Davison (1983), Bona, Wei, le Wu (2010), le Zhao le Cai (2008). Barupeluoa ba ile ba araba lipotso tsena ka tekanyo ea lintlha tsa 7, ho tloha 1 (ha ho na tšusumetso ho hang) ho 7 (tšusumetso e kholo). Lintlha tsa TPE li hlahisitsoe ke ho tlosa tšusumetso e lemohuoang molemong oa ho susumetsa baithuti ba bang ba nang le matla a fetang a 0 a emelang TPE le tlase ho 0 e emelang phello ea motho oa pele (Golan & Day, 2008). Bakeng sa ho fokotsa litšusumetso tsa tlhahlobo ea liteko, lintho tsena tse peli li ile tsa kenngoa likarolong tse peli tsa lipotso.
Lebaka la ho Batla Basali ka Thobalano (SSSS) e thehiloe ke Kalichman et al. (1994) ho lekanya sekala sa SSS. SSSS ke tekanyo ea mofuta oa 11-ntho Likert-mofuta ka likhetho tsa karabelo ho tloha 1 (ho hang ha a nthate) ho 4 (haholo joalo ka nna). Sekhechana sa ntho ea 11 se kenyelletsa polelo e kang, "Ke khahloa ke ho leka boiphihlelo bo bocha ba thobalano" le "Ke ikutloa eka ke batla thobalano ea ka." Likolo tse phahameng li bontša tloaelo e matla ea SSS. Phapang e ka hare (Cronbach's α) ea SSSS e ne e le .92.
Tlhahlobo ea statistical
Phapang e amanang le bong ka litšobotsi tsa bongaka e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe ea li-multivariate tsa phapang (MANOVAs). Ho laola lilemo tsa bong le bong le litekanyetso tsa ho hokahanya ho hokahaneng ho ile ha sebelisoa ho lekola matla a likamano lipakeng tsa mefuta e meholo ea lipatlisiso ho kenyeletsoa PIPU, OSAs, SSS, le TPE. Mplus7.2 e sebelisitsoe ho lekola mofuta oa phehisano o fetisitsoeng oa SSS le PIPU le phapang e ka bang teng ea mohlala ka bong. Re hakantse bohlokoa ba li-coefficients tse emeng le 1,000 bootstrap iterations. Thutong ena, liphoso tse tloaelehileng le nako ea kholiseho ea litekanyetso tsa parameise li fumanoe. Haeba mekhahlelo ea kholiseho ea 95% e ne e se na zero, liphetho li nkuoe li le bohlokoa ka lipalo.
Ethics
Setifikeiti sa thuto le lisebelisoa li ananetsoe ke komiti ea boitšoaro ea Setsi sa Mahlale a Saense le Tsebo, Univesithi ea Fuzhou, China. Lintlha tsohle li ile tsa tsebisoa ka phuputso eo mme bohle ba fuoe tumello e nang le tsebo.
Results
Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang tsa tse fetoletsoeng
Har'a sampole kaofela, bolele ba 7.13 bakeng sa PIPU (SD = 8.48, skewness = 1.97, 'me kurtosis = 5.55) le bakeng sa makhetlo a li-OSA 1.70 (SD = 0.94, skewness = 2.84, 'me kurtosis = 12.34). Banna ba ne ba e-na le lintlha tse phahameng ho PIPUS mme ba etsa li-OSA khafetsa ha ba bapisoa le basali (Tafole 1). Ts'ebetso e ngoe hape [MANOVA ea tsela e le 'ngoe e nang le lintlha tse ngata tsa lihlahisoa tse' ne tsa OSA tse nne, multivariate F(4, 803) = 26.12, p <.001, leeme η2 = 0.12, le likala tse 'nè tsa PIPUS, li-multivariate F (4, 803) = 12.91, p <.001, leeme η2 = 0.06, ka ho latellana] e bonts'itse hore paterone ena e atolosetsa lintlha tsa sekala ka seng.
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Tafole 1. Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang, phapang e amanang le bong le li-coefficients (r's) har'a tse fapaneng
Bohle ba nkang karolo (N = 808) | Banna (n = 466) | Basali (n = 342) | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD, skewness, kurtosis) | M (SD, skewness, kurtosis) | M (SD, skewness, kurtosis) | |||||
| 1 | PIPU | 7.13 (8.48, 1.97, 5.55) | 8.82 (9.27, 1.84, 4.96) | 4.81 (6.60, 1.92, 3.68) *** | |||
| 2 | Li-OSA | 1.69 (0.93, 2.84, 12.34) | 1.92 (2.57, 1.97, 10.46) | 1.38 (0.66, 3.48, 16.15) *** | 0.60 *** | ||
| 3 | SSS | 20.80 (7.59, 0.34, −0.60) | 22.16 (7.57, 0.18, −0.71) | 19.02 (7.28, 0.71, −0.04) *** | 0.45 *** | 0.50 *** | |
| 4 | TPE | 0.84 (1.57, 0.74, 1.57) | 1.02 (1.67, 0.49, 0.71) | 0.58 (0.38, 1.91, 3.55) *** | 0.34 *** | 0.55 *** | 0.30 *** |
Hlokomela. SD: ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng; PIPU: Tšebeliso e litšila ea Inthanete e bontšang litšoantšo tse litšila; Li-OSA: lits'ebetso tsa thobalano marang-rang; SSS: maikutlo a botona le botšehali; TPE: Phello ea motho oa boraro.
*** Liphumano ho basali li bonts'a hore ho na le phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa banna le basali ho phapang ena ho p <.001; coefficient ea khokahano ke coefficient e lekanang ea kamano kamora ho laola lilemo le bong.
***p <.001.
Kamano lipakeng tsa SSS, TPE, OSAs, le PIPU
Coarfficients ea karohano ea karolo ea Pearson lipakeng tsa PIPU, OSAs, SSS, le TPE li bonts'oa, e laola lilemo le bong. 1). Kakaretso ea PIPU le lintlha tsa eona li ne li amana hantle le li-OSA. Kamoo ho ka lebelloang, khokahano e nang le lintlha tsa PIPU hangata e ne e le matla ka ho fetesisa bakeng sa ho shebella litšoantšo tse buang ka thobalano (r = .65, p <.001) mme bonyane e matla bakeng sa ho bapala ka maikutlo a lerato le mehato ea likamano (r = .21, p <.001). Ka bobeli SSS le TPE li ne li hokahane hantle le li-OSA le mehato ea PIPU le e mong le e mong. Liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a hore ka SSS e kholo, ho bile le menyetla e mengata ea ho nka karolo ho li-OSA le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete ka bothata.
Tšusumetso ea SSS ho PIPU: Li-OSA e le taba e kopanyang le TPE e le mookameli
Ho latela Edward le Lambert (2007), ho hlokahala hore u leke likhakanyo tsa litekanyetso tse tharo tsa regression mohlaleng oa bohareng ka mekhoa e tsamaisitsoeng e ka pele: (a) Equation 1 e lekola tšusumetso ea taolo ea TJ (TPE e emeloang ke U) ho fapana e ikemetseng (SSS e emeloang ke X ) le mofuta o fapaneng (PIPU o emeloang ke Y). (b) Equation 2 e lekanya karolo ea taolo ea moderating variable (TPE) ho li-variable tsa boikemelo tse ikemetseng (SSS) le li-intermediary (OSA tse emeloang ke W). (c) Equation 3 e lekola phello ea moderator (TPE) kamanong e lipakeng tsa phapang e ikemetseng (SSS) le phapano ea mahareng (OSA), le litlamorao tsa phapang e pakeng tsa moemeli (OSA) mabapi le phapang e ikemetseng (PIPU e emeloang ke Y). Melao ea SSS le TPE e ne e le z-lelloa ho z-cores, 'me joale tsena tse peli z-Serores li ile tsa eketsoa e le lintlha tsa tšebelisano (Dawson, 2014).
Joalokaha ho bontšoa Lethathamong 2, ho equation 1, phello ea tšebelisano ea SSS le TPE e boletse esale pele PIPU (c3 = 0.42) ka hona litlhahlobo tse ling li ile tsa etsoa. Ho Equation 2, tsela ea tšebelisano ea SSS le TPE e ne e le ea bohlokoa (a3 = 0.37). Ho Equation 3, tsela e tlohang ho li-OSA ho ea PIPU e ne e le ea bohlokoa (b1 = 0.56), le ka bobeli a3 'me b1 li ne li bohlokoa. Holim'a moo, a1 'me b2 'me a3 'me b2 kaofela li ne li bohlokoa, tse lumellanang le litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo (Edwards & Lambert, 2007). Ka nako e ts'oanang, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe Tafoleng 2, ho equation 3, moderating modiro e ne e nyolitse moelelo o hlalosang oa 8.9% ha e bapisoa le Equation 1, e tšehelitseng karolo ea ho nka lehlakore ea li-OSA ka tšusumetso ea SSS ts'ebeliso ea mathata. Moetso oa hypothesised ho Setšoantšo 1 ka hona e ile ea lekoa mme ea tšehetsoa.
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Tafole 2. Mehato e meraro ea ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa mefuta ea maikutlo a thobalano a batlang likamano le PIPU (e hakantsoeng ke bootstrapping)
Equation 1 (ho fapana hoa phapang: Y) | Equation 2 (phapang e itšetlehileng ka: W) | Equation 3 (ho fapana hoa phapang: Y) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E ka fetoha | B | SE | β | 95% CI | B | SE | β | 95% CI | B | SE | β | 95% CI |
| X | 0.41 (c1) *** | 0.04 | 0.42 | [0.34, 0.48] | 0.33 (a1) *** | 0.04 | 0.33 | [0.26, 0.41] | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.07 | [−0.01, 0.14] |
| U | 0.19 *** | 0.03 | 0.20 | [0.13, 0.26] | 0.40 *** | 0.05 | 0.42 | [0.31, 0.51] | 0.33 *** | 0.03 | 0.36 | [0.27, 0.38] |
| UX | 0.16 (c3) ** | 0.05 | 0.20 | [0.04, 0.25] | 0.30 (a3) *** | 0.06 | 0.37 | [0.18, 0.42] | 0.20 (b2) *** | 0.03 | 0.15 | [0.05, 0.18] |
| W | 0.56 (b1) *** | 0.03 | 0.50 | [0.49, 0.62] | ||||||||
| bong | −0.34 *** | 0.07 | -0.14 | [−0.49, −0.21] | −0.53 *** | 0.10 | -0.16 | [−0.76, −0.36] | −0.10 *** | 0.02 | -0.04 | [−0.14, −0.06] |
| Age | −0.08 * | 0.03 | -0.07 | [−0.15, −0.02] | -0.04 | 0.04 | -0.03 | [−0.12, 0.03] | 0.06 * | 0.03 | -0.05 | [−0.10, 0.01] |
| R2 (%) | 36.5 | 63.1 | 45.4 | |||||||||
Hlokomela. Nako ea 95% ea mefuta eohle e boletsoeng esale pele e fumanoe ka bootstrapping. X: maikutlo a botona le botšehali a batlang; Y: Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso inthaneteng; W: Lits'ebetso tsa thobalano marang-rang; U: phello ea motho oa boraro; SE: phoso e tloaelehileng; CI: nako ea ho itšepa; PIPU: Tšebeliso e litšila ea inthanete e sebelisang thobalano.
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
Ho Tloha Tafoleng 2, khokahano e nepahetseng ea nako ea tšebelisano e khothalelitse hore e be ntle le ho feta ha TPE e ntse e eketseha. Ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho toloka, re rerile kamano hore e tle e shejoe ka pono. Re arotse lintlha tsa batho ka lihlopha tse phahameng le tse tlase ho latela SD kaholimo le ka tlase se bolela (Dawson, 2014). Liphetho li bontšitse hore ho barupeluoa ba nang le TPE e phahameng (ka lintlha a SD ka holim'a se boleloang), SSS e ne e ka bolela li-OSAs hantle (β = 0.71, t = 6.13, p <.01), athe bakeng sa bankakarolo ba nang le lintlha tse tlase ho TPE (ka lintlha tsa SD tlasa moelelo), phello ea ho nahanisisa ha SSS e ne e se bohlokoa (β = −0.04, t = 0.27, p = .79; Setšoantšo 2).
Setšoantšo sa 2. Kamano lipakeng tsa SSS, TPE, le OSAs
Teko ea tlhahlobo ea lihlopha tse ngata ea banna le basali e mengata
Ho lekanya sekhahla sa ho lekanya ho ile ha sebelisoa ho lekola mofuta oa phehisano e lekantsoeng ho batona ba babeli. Liteko tse ngata tsa mahlaseli a mangata li hloka mehato e mengata, ho kenyelletsa le keketseho ea butle-butle ea lits'oants'o (ho tšoanela litekanyetso tse ling ho lekana) mohato ka mong ho phethela tlhahlobo ka kakaretso, ho sebelisa phapano ea sesupo e le mokhoa oa ho lekola hore na monahano o lekanang o potlakisa ts'ebetso ea mohlala o loketseng . Haeba indices tse loketseng li sa lokele, ho boleloa hore ha ho na sebopeho se lekanang lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli mme tlhahlobo e emisitsoe (Lomazzi, 2018). Mohato oa pele ke tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea mantlha (mohlala oa mantlha) moo ho se nang litekanyetso tsa tekano ea sehlopha ho bona hore na mohlala o "shebahala" ka tsela e tšoanang ka lihlopha tseo ka bobeli. Mohatong ona, liphetho li bonts'a hore lintlha tsa boleng ba mofuta ona e ne e le: χ2 = 703.11, df = 77, p <.001, index e lekanang e lekanang (CFI) = 0.86, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.81, le motso o bolelang phoso e sekwere ea ho lekanya (RMSEA) = 0.14. E bontšitse hore mofuta oa mantlha o lahliloe, ho bolelang hore bonyane mofuta oa sebopeho sa sehlopha se le seng o lokela ho fetoloa. Mohato oa zero, mefuta ea mantlha le eona e hakantsoe bakeng sa banna le basali, ho bonts'a ho lekana hantle lithutong tsa banna (χ2 = 101.72, df = 29, p <.001, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, le RMSEA = 0.073) empa eseng lithutong tsa basali (χ2 = 216.256, df = 29, p <.001, CFI = 0.90, TLI = 0.82, le RMSEA = 0.14). Sephetho sena se khothalelitse hore mofuta o lekanyelitsoeng oa bonamoli o ipapisitse le bong. Tlhaloso e fapaneng ea mohlala e ne e le 57.5% hara banna le 32.5% har'a basali (Tafole 3).
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Tafole 3. Ho bapisoa ha li-coefficients tsa tsela ea phehisano e lekantsoeng pakeng tsa banna le basali
Li-variables tse ikemetseng | Ho fapana hoa maemo | Tsela e lekanang | Lits'ebetso tse bohlokoa | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Banna (β) | SE | Basali (β) | SE | ||||
| SSS | Li-OSA | 0.39 | 0.05 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 1.89 | .059 |
| TPE | 0.45 | 0.05 | 0.47 | 0.07 | -6.85 | .000 | |
| SSS × TPE | 0.33 | 0.08 | 0.60 | 0.07 | -27.10 | .000 | |
| SSS | PIPU | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 14.89 | .000 |
| TPE | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 10.75 | .000 | |
| SSS × TPE | 0.004 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 14.38 | .000 | |
| Li-OSA | 0.74 | 0.11 | 0.89 | 0.07 | -1.95 | .258 | |
Hlokomela. Β ke komiti e ts'oanang ea maemo. The p boleng ba ".000" e tsamaisana le p <.001. SSS: ho batla maikutlo a thobalano; PIPU: litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete li sebelisa Li-OSA: liketso tsa thobalano inthaneteng; TPE: phello ea motho oa boraro; SE: phoso e tloaelehileng.
Puisano
Thutong ena, re lekile likamano lipakeng tsa TPE, SSS, OSA, le PIPU ho banna le basali ba bacha ba kenang kolecheng ba kenang China. Haholo-holo, re lekile mofuta o lekanyelitsoeng oa bonamoli o kentsoeng ka har'a moralo oa thuto ea I-PACE ho latela maemo a PIU le lingoliloeng tsa bokhoba. Phuputso e fetileng e hlahlobile litšusumetso tsa ts'ehetso e mpe (ke hore, ho baleha kapa ho qoba khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) holima nts'etsopele ea PIPUPaul & Shim, 2008). Ha lithuto tse 'maloa li boetse li fuputse likarolo tsa ntlafatso e ntle le SSS mabapi le PIPU (Steinberg et al., 2008), litlhaloso tsa tšebeliso bakeng sa likamano lipakeng tsa SSS le PIPU li ntse li haella haholo. Ho ntšetsa pele tsebo sebakeng sena le ho fana ka tataiso e tobileng ho batho ka bomong, litsebi tsa bongaka le matichere, thuto ena e bontša hore SSS e fana ka tšusumetso ea eona ho PIPU ka li-OSA, e hlahlojoa ke TPE, 'me e bonahala e sebetsa haholo ho banna. Ka ho khetheha, re fumane hore SSS e lebisa ho li-OSA khafetsa ha batho ba bona tšusumetso ho ba bang e le kholo ho feta ea bona, e fanang ka litlhaloso tse hlakileng le tse hlakileng tsa hore na, kapa tlasa maemo afe, SSS e ka lebisa ho li-OSA tse ling mme ka mora moo PIPU. Ntle le moo, tsela ena e bile le phapang e kholo ho banna ho feta basali. Kahoo, maikutlo a rona a ts'ehetso a ile a ts'ehetsoa haholo mme litlamorao li thathamisitsoe ka tlase.
Mohlala oa tšubuhlellano o fetisitsoeng o bonts'a kamano e lipakeng tsa SSS le PIPU e phahameng e sebetsa ka li-OSA khafetsa, e lumellanang le liphumano tse fetileng (Hong et al., 2012; Zheng & Zheng, 2014). Ho batla letsoalo ke tloaelo e amanang khafetsa le boits'oaro bo lematsang (Steinberg et al., 2008). Joaloka karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho batla maikutlo, SSS e bonts'a tloaelo ea ho batla bophelo bo kotsi, bo monate, le boiphihlelo ba bong bo bobe. Se fumanoeng se lumellana le maikutlo a hore marang-rang a ka hohela basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, haholo baithuti ba kolecheng e banna ba phahameng ba SSS ka lebaka la boits'oaro, ho se tsejoe, theko e tlase, le phihlello e bonolo (Cooper et al., 2000). Bakeng sa batho ba nang le SSS e phahameng, marang-rang a ka emela mokhoa o mocha oa ho khotsofatsa litakatso tsa ho batla ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano, ho natefeloa, le ho imolla bohloko bo amanang le khatello ea maikutlo, ebe o hlahisa mokhoa o tloahelehileng oa boitšoaro (Putnam, 2000) tumellanong le mofuta oa I-PACE (Brand, Young, et al., 2016). Leha ho le joalo, kamano e joalo e nang le maemo e ka etsa hore ho be thata le ho feta hore motho a laole tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso inthaneteng, leha litlamorao li ka ba teng. Ntle le moo, ho khothalelitsoe hore basebelisi, mohlomong ba phahameng ho SSS, ba nang le litoro tse ling tsa thobalano tse ka khotsofatsoang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete ho feta ka thobalano ea lefats'e ea nnete li ka ba kotsing e kholo ea ho theha PIPU (Moetso, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Cooper et al., 2000, 2004). Menyetla ena e fana ka tiiso e tobileng lithutong tse tlang, ho etsa mohlala, ka ho kenyelletsa mehato ea tebello ea thobalano lithutong tse telele tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng.
Liphumano tsa morao-rao li bonts'a hore batho ba lumelang hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete li ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe ho ba bang ho feta ba ne ba ka khona ho etsa li-OSA mme ka hona ba ba le PIPU. Ho latela Perloff's (2002) "Mokhoa oa" ho ikatisa ", batho ba kanna ba totobatsa“ setšoantšo se seholohali ”kahare le kantle ho sireletsa le ho ntlafatsa“ boits'oaro. ”Boemo bona khopolo ena e ka hlalosang tšekamelo ea ho hanela kapa ho nyenyefatsa litlamorao ka tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le hore na sena se ka amana joang le ho ntlafatsa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng tsa PIPU (Letsatsi, Pan, & Shen, 2008). Ntle le moo, ha batho ba nang le SSS e phahameng ba ka ba le tšekamelo e kholo ea botho, litšobotsi tsa bona li ka ba lebisa ho ela hloko boiphihlelo ba bona, 'me sena se ka matlafatsa leeme le itlhommeng pele ka tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete, ka hona ba khothaletsa litumelo tsa hore ba ka se ke oa ameha hampe (Lee & Tamborini, 2005).
Teko ea tlhahlobo ea maqhubu a mangata e bonts'itse hore mohlala o lekiloeng thutong ena ha o sebetse ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho batona le mehlala e sebetsang ho banna ho feta basali. Taba ea mantlha, banna ba tloaetse ho etsa thobalano le mefuta e mengata ea thobalano (Oshri, Tubman, Morganlopez, Saavedra, & Csizmadia, 2013); hape ba tlaleha ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa botšehali (Goodson, McCormick, & Evans, 2000), nyakallo ea thobalano le ho ipholla litho ha motho a bala lisebelisoa tse litšila tse tsosang takatso marang-rang le basali ba tlaleha ho qoba, manyala kapa matšoenyeho (González-Ortega le Orgaz-Baz, 2013). Ka hona, ba batona, haholo ba phahameng ho SSS, ba ka ba le menyetla ea ho batla ho tsosa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate inthaneteng e ka lebisang ho PIPU. Taba ea bobeli, lintlha tsa maikutlong li ka ba bohlokoa haholo kamanong le boitšoaro ba thobalano ho basali ha bo bapisoa le ba batona (Cooper, Morahan-Martin, Mathy, & Maheu, 2002), empa boholo ba lisebelisoa tse hlakileng tsa thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang li kanna tsa se ratehe ho basali (Gonzalez-Ortega le Orgaz-Baz, 2013). Qetellong, basali le bona ka kakaretso ba sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho feta banna (Malamuth, 1996). Ka hona, mohlaleng ona o mongata, mesebetsi ea SSS le TPE e ka fapana ka mabaka a mangata, 'me mabaka ana a teng a lokela ho hlahlojoa lithutong tse tlang.
Seo re se fumaneng se ka ba le litlamorao ho thuto ea thobalano, thibelo ea PIPU le taolo ea mecha ea litaba ea inthanete. Taba ea mantlha, thuto e fumane hore SSS e kanna ea bolela esale pele li-OSA le PIPU, haholoholo ho banna ba nang le SSS e phahameng. SSS e lokela ho hlahlojoa ho ea pele le maemong a thuto, ho ka ba bohlokoa haholo ho laela batho ka mokhoa oa ho utloisisa le ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa bona tsa thobalano ka feshene e phetseng hantle. Boiteko bo joalo bo ka hlaha hantle pele ho koleche thutong ea thobalano nakong ea bongoaneng kapa nakong ea pele, ha ho fanoa ka hore tekanyo ea bocha e sa le lilemong tsa 10 e shebang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e kanna ea eketseha (Peter & Valkenburg, 2016). Taba ea bobeli, tšusumetso ea TPE e fana ka maikutlo a hore thuto mabapi le litlamorao tse ka bang kotsi tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng e ka thusa ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho theha PIPU. Boiteko bo joalo ba thuto bo ka kenyelletsa thuto mabapi le bahlankana ba tlalehang hore ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ho fetotse litakatso tsa bona tsa botona kapa tsa botšehali mme ho lebisitse ho se sebetseng hantle ha kelello (Wéry le Billieux, 2016). Kamora nako, mekhoa ea kelello e amanang le ho nka karolo ha banna le basali ho li-OSA le nts'etsopele ea PIPU e kanna ea fapana. Ka hona, boiteko ba tataiso ea thuto le tekolo bo kanna ba hloka hore bo etsetsoe lifeshene tse amang botona le botšehali, ka ho totobatsa SSS ho banna mme mohlomong le libaka tse ling (mohlala, tse amanang le maikutlo le maemo a bophelo) li sebetsa haholo ho basali, leha ntlha ena ea morao-rao e hajoale e inahanela ho ipapisitsoe le liphuputso tsa morao-rao.
Liphetho tsa rona li lokela ho tsotelloa ho latela meeli ea ho ithuta. Tlhahlobo ha ea ka ea sebelisa sampuli e sa reroang ebile e thehiloe marang-rang, mme likarolo tsena li ka fokotsa ho fumaneha ha liphetho. Taba ea bobeli, barupeluoa e ne e le liithuti tsa koleche tse tsoang Chaena. Le ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e bohlokoa haholo ho sehlopha sena, hore na liphetho li ka akaretsa joang ho batho ba bang ba baholo le lihlopha tsa lilemo, lihlopha tse nang le thuto e fokolang, le litokelo tse ling le litso tse ling li tiisa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng. Taba ea boraro, ha lintlha tse ling li hokahane le li-OSAs le PIPU, joalo ka boitšepo bo tlase (Kor et al., 2014), ho lakatsa (Kraus, Martino, & Potenza, 2016), le maano a ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo a fokolang (Wéry le Billieux, 2015), tsena li lokela ho hlahlojoa lithutong tsa kamoso. Leha ho na le meeli ena, thuto e fana ka datha ea bohlokoa e ts'ehetsang le ho nchafatsa litlhahiso tse khothalelitsoeng tsa mefuta e meng ea PIU 'me e fana ka tlhahiso ea mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea maano a thuto le a mahareng ho fokotsa ho ata ha likotsi tse amanang le PIPU.
Menehelo ea bangoli
LC e qapile thuto, ea sekaseka tlhaiso-leseling, 'me ea ngola moralo oa pele oa buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho. MNP e buisane ka moralo oa lipatlisiso le ho hlahloba le ho bala buka e ngotsoeng. YY le WS ba ile ba bokella datha, ba kenya letsoho tlhahlobisong ea datha, mme ba lekola hape / ba ntlafatsa buka e ngotsoeng. CD le LZ li hlokometse pokello ea data le ho e hlahloba le ho e bala. Bangoli ba ne ba na le phihlello e felletseng ea data yohle thutong mme ba nka boikarabello bakeng sa botshepehi ba datha le ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo ea data.
Khohlano ea thahasello
Bangoli ba tlaleha ho se lumellane ho teng mabapi le litaba tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho. Ngaka MNP e kopanetse le ho eletsa Rivermend Health, Opiant / Lightlake Therapeutics, le Jazz Pharmaceuticals; o fumane tšehetso ea lipatlisiso (ho Yale) ho tsoa Mohegan Sun Casino le Setsi sa Naha sa Lipapali tse Ikarabellang; buisanoa le mekhatlo ea molao le ea papali ea chelete mabapi le litaba tse amanang le taolo ea tšusumetso le boits'oaro bo bobebe; fana ka tlhokomelo ea bongaka e amanang le taolo ea tšusumetso le boits'oaro bo bobebe; litlhahlobo tse fanoeng mabapi le lithuso; limakasine tse hlophisitsoeng / likarolo tsa koranta; fuoa lipuo tsa thuto e mahlale a maholo, liketsahalo tsa CME, le libakeng tse ling tsa bongaka / tsa saense; le ho hlahisa libuka kapa likhaolo tsa baphatlalatsi ba mangolo a bophelo bo botle ba kelello. Bangoli ba bang ba tlaleha kamano ea lichelete le lithahasello tsa khoebo.
References
| Brand, M., Laier, C., Pawlikowski, M., Schächtle, U., Schöler, T., & Altstötter-Gleich, C. (2011). Ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro inthaneteng: Karolo ea likhahla tsa thobalano le matšoao a kelello le kelello bakeng sa ho sebelisa libaka tsa thobalano inthaneteng ka mokhoa o fetelletseng. Cyberpsychology, boits'oaro, le marang-rang a sechaba, 14 (6), 371-377. etsa:https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0222 Crossref, Medline, Google Setsebi | |
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