IZIMPENDULO: Lolu cwaningo luthi nguyena oqala ukuhlola izinhlangano eziphakathi kwenani lokusebenzisa i-porn, izimpawu ezimbi (njengoba zihlolwe yi-Test Addiction Screening Test-Revised SAST-R), nezinye izici abantu abafuna ukwelashwa kokusebenzisa i-porno enenkinga. Lelo cwaningo libuye lucubungula ukungenzi ukwelashwa okufuna abasebenzisi be-porn.
Njengamanye amavolumu okufunda okusebenzisa i-porn akuyona eyona ndlela eyinhloko yokusebenzisa i-porno enenkinga. Ingcaphuno:
"Izimpawu ezingezinhle ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi zibikezela ngokuqinile ukufuna ukwelashwa kunenqwaba yokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi."
Ukuthola okuthakazelisayo kakhulu: Kwakungekho ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kokuzikhohlisa kanye nezimpawu ezibi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi kumadoda afuna ukwelashwa kokulutha kwezilonda. Ngokuphambene nezimangalo ezingalungile zalabo abangaqondakali kahle Grubbs et al. I-2015, ukuba wenkolo “akubangeli” ukulutheka kocansi, futhi imilutha yezocansi ayiyona inkolo kakhulu.
I-J Med Med. 2016 Mar 22. i-pii: S1743-6095 (16) i-00346-5. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jsxm.2016.02.169.
I-Gola M1, Lewczuk K2, I-Skorko M3.
abstract
ISINGENISO:
IZIMPENDULO:
IZINDLELA:
IZIMPENDULO EZIKHULU:
IZIPHUMA:
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KEYWORDS: Ukuziphatha kobulili obungcolile; Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile; Ukuziphatha kobulili okunenkinga; I-Psychotherapy; Ukufuna Ukwelashwa
I-PMID: 27012817
INGXENYE YESIGABA
Ngokwesibikezelo sethu sokuqala, i-PU ingaholela ezimpawu ezingezinhle futhi ukuqina kwalezi zimpawu kuholele ekufuneni ukwelashwa (I-Fig. 1; Indlela B). Sikhombisa ukuthi imvamisa ye-PU, iyodwa, ayisona isibikezelo esibalulekile sokufuna ukwelashwa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziyinkinga lapho kulawulwa izimpawu ezingezinhle ezihambisana ne-PU (I-Fig. 2). Ubudlelwano obunjalo obuthakathaka buphakanyiswe ngokungaqondile yizifundo zangaphambilini zabasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi. UCooper nozakwabo [6] bakhombisile ukuthi, phakathi kwezihloko ezibandakanya ezocansi ezenziwa online (hhayi i-PU kuphela, kepha nezingxoxo zocansi), i-22.6% yabasebenzisi bokukhanya abangama-4278 (<1 h / ngesonto) babike ukuphazamiseka kwezenzo zabo zocansi ezenziwa online izindawo zempilo yabo yansuku zonke, kuyilapho ama-49% wabasebenzisi abasindayo abangama-764 (> 11 h / ngesonto) bengakaze babhekane nokuphazamiseka okunjalo.
Esigabeni sesibili sokuhlaziywa kwedatha, sithuthukise imodeli yethu ngokuhlola abaxhumanisi abane abafana bobudlelwane phakathi kwe-PU nezimpawu ezingalungile (inombolo ye- [1] kanye no- [2] weminyaka ye-PU, [3] inkolo engokwenkolo, [4] yenkolo imikhuba; bheka Fig. 3). Imiphumela yokuqala kanye nenani leminyaka yokusetshenziswa eboniswa kwizifundo zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa kanye nokugembula okufuywayo [33], yabonakala ingabaluleki kudathasethi yethu. Ukuntuleka kokuthola okunjalo kungase kusiphakamise umthelela omkhulu we-PU ongase ube phansi ekusebenzeni kunokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa noma ukugembula. Lo mphumela ungase uhlobaniswe nokulinganiselwa kokufunda kwesifundo sethu. Sibala iminyaka eminingana ye-PU njengemikhawulo phakathi kokuqala kwe-PU kanye nezihloko 'zesikhathi samanje. Kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye zezifundo zisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile isikhathi esilinganiselwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwazo, ngakho-ke, lesi silinganiso esinikezwa ngaphakathi kokuhlaziya kwethu kungenzeka singabi ncamashi. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele luphenye inani leminyaka yePU ejwayelekile. Okunye okulinganiselwe ukuthi, ngenxa yezibonakaliso ezimbi, sasebenzisa i-SAST-R ngoba yiyona yodwa imibuzo yemibuzo yokuhlolwa kokuziphatha kocansi ocansini etholakala ngolimi lwesiPolish [43]. Leli phepha lemibuzo lenzelwe ukukala ububanzi obuningi bemiphumela emibi engahlobene kuphela ne-PU, kodwa futhi nezinye izici zobulili. Ukuthola ubuhlobo obubalulekile phakathi kwemvamisa yePU ne-SAST-R izikolo kubonisa ukuthi, phakathi kwezinye izici zokuziphatha ngokocansi, libuye lilinganise izimpawu ezimbi ezihlobene ne-PU. Esigabeni sesibili sokuhlaziywa kwedatha, sithuthukise imodeli yethu ngokuhlola abaxhumanisi abane abafana bobudlelwane phakathi kwe-PU nezimpawu ezingalungile (inombolo ye- [1] kanye no- [2] weminyaka ye-PU, [3] inkolo engokwenkolo, [4] yenkolo imikhuba; bheka Fig. 3). Imiphumela yokuqala kanye nenani leminyaka yokusetshenziswa eboniswa kwizifundo zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa kanye nokugembula okufuywayo [33], yabonakala ingabaluleki kudathasethi yethu. Ukuntuleka kokuthola okunjalo kungase kusiphakamise umthelela omkhulu we-PU ongase ube phansi ekusebenzeni kunokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa noma ukugembula. Lo mphumela ungase uhlobaniswe nokulinganiselwa kokufunda kwesifundo sethu. Sibala iminyaka eminingana ye-PU njengemikhawulo phakathi kokuqala kwe-PU kanye nezihloko 'zesikhathi samanje. Kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye zezifundo zisebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile isikhathi esilinganiselwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwazo, ngakho-ke, lesi silinganiso esinikezwa ngaphakathi kokuhlaziya kwethu kungenzeka singabi ncamashi. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele luphenye inani leminyaka yePU ejwayelekile. Okunye okulinganiselwe ukuthi, ngenxa yezibonakaliso ezimbi, sasebenzisa i-SAST-R ngoba yiyona yodwa imibuzo yemibuzo yokuhlolwa kokuziphatha kocansi ocansini etholakala ngolimi lwesiPolish [43]. Leli phepha lemibuzo lenzelwe ukukala ububanzi obukhulu bemiphumela emibi ehlobene no-PU kuphela, kodwa nezinye izici zobulili. Ukuthola ubuhlobo obubalulekile phakathi kwemvamisa yePU ne-SAST-R izikolo kubonisa ukuthi, phakathi kwezinye izici zokuziphatha ngokocansi, libuye lilinganise izimpawu ezimbi ezihlobene ne-PU.
Sasilindele ukuthi inkolo ephakeme ingakhuphula i-PU enenkinga yokuzibona njengoba ibike kwizifundo zangaphambilini [36]. Lokhu kubonakala kubonakala kuyiqiniso ekuziphatheni okungokwenkolo okulinganiselwe njengokumemezela kwezinga lokubaluleka kwenkolo empilweni yomuntu (Fig. 3). Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kubonise ukuthi le mphumela ibalulekile kuphela phakathi kwabafuna ukwelashwa. Phakathi kwalabo abafuna ukwelashwa inkolo ayihlobene nempawu ezimbi. Imikhuba yezenkolo yayingabalingisi abangabalulekile (Fig. 3), okwakumangalisa ngoba umkhuba wangempela wezenkolo ungaba ngesilinganiso esingcono sezenkolo kuphela ukumemezela nje. Le miphumela igcizelela indima ekhonjisiwe ngaphambili yenkolo ekuziphatheni ngokobulili futhi ikhombise isidingo sokuqhutshelwa izifundo okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko. Ubuhlobo obusesikhathini esiphakathi kwe-religiosity ne-PU, nokulutha okuzibonela, kuye kwaphenywa kuphela ekufuneni abantu abangenalo ukwelashwa [36,37]. Ngakho-ke, inoveli yethu yokungatholakali ubudlelwane obunjalo phakathi kwezifundo ezifuna ukwelashwa kuyathakazelisa kakhulu, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi ilandiswe ezikhathini ezizayo ngezihloko zokwelashwa kwe-PU enenkinga.
Siphinde sibheke indima yesikhathi sabaphenduli kanye nesikhathi esiphelile sokuthi umsebenzi wokugcina ocansini wokugcina ucansi ungumongo we-PU. Ubudala buyi-predictor eyingqayizivele yemvamisa ye-PU, kanye nesikhathi esedlule emsebenzini wokugcina ocansini owedlule. Ukuguquguquka kokugcina kwakuhlobene nezimo zobudlelwane nezihloko. Izihloko ebuhlotsheni (ezisemthethweni noma ezingakahleleki) zibhekene nesikhathi esifushane sokuphela komsebenzi wokugcina ocansini owedlule, futhi lokhu okuguquguqukayo kwakuhlobene kabi nemvamisa ye-PU. Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kweqembu (Ithebula 2) kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi izihloko ezifuna ukwelashwa kwe-PU enenkinga, ngokujwayelekile, zazingenakwenzeka ukuba zibe nobuhlobo, zichazwe isikhathi eside isikhathi eside kusukela ekusebenzeni kwabo ngokocansi kokugcina, sebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kaningi, futhi zithinta kakhulu izimpawu ezimbi. Ukuqondiswa kwalezo zinsuku kudinga ukuphenywa okuqhubekayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubunzima phakathi kobudlelwano bungaba imbangela yokungatholakali okuphansi kokusebenza ngokocansi okungaholela ekuqhumeni okuphindaphindiwe kwe-PU nemisebenzi yocansi eyedwa, okubangele izimpawu ezimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpawu ze-PU nezivame ukungabonakali kungabangela ubunzima ebuhlotsheni nasemisebenzini yezocansi, njengoba kuphakanyiswe nguCarvalheira et al. [29] no-Sun et al. [27].
Ukuhlaziywa kohlobo olwandisiwe lwe-model yethu lubonise ubudlelwane be-3 (ukuhambelana kwemigomo yephutha) esingayifaki ku-hypothesis yethu eyakhelwe kuqala, nakuba sikhulume ku-Isingeniso. I-1.) Ubukhulu bezimpawu ezimbi ezihlobene ne-PU zazihlobene namathuba aphansi okuba nobuhlobo obuseduze. Lo mphumela uhambisana nokucwaninga kwangaphambilini, okubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokweqile kungahlobene nokuhlukaniswa kwezenhlalo [51], isizungu [52], ubunzima ngokuthola umlingani obuseduze, nokugcina ubuhlobo [53,54]. Njengoba sibonise (i-Fig. 2) ukulingana okuphawulekayo phakathi kwemvamisa ye-PU nezimpawu ezibi ezihambisana ne-PU, kubonakala sengathi kungenzeka ukuthi leyo miphumela emibi iqhaza ekubuneni ekudaleni ubuhlobo obuseduze [29,27,30]. Okubalulekile kwalokhu kuhlobana akukacaci, kodwa kungacatshangelwa ukuthi i-PU enenkinga kanye nobunzima obuseduze nobuhlobo obuseduze buba nobuhlobo obuhle obubili futhi buqinisane. I-2.) Singase sibe nephethini elihlobene ebuhlotsheni obuhle phakathi kwezibonakaliso ezingalungile kanye nesikhathi esiphelile kusukela emsebenzini wokugcina ocansini owedlule. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabafunayo abangenalo ukwelashwa (Ithebula 2), abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile eziyinkimbinkimbi babhekene nokuqina okukhulu kwezimpawu ezimbi ezihlobene I-PU namathuba aphansi wokuba nobuhlobo obuseduze nemisebenzi yezocansi (iThebula 2 ne-Fig. 3). Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi i-PU evame ukuhlobana kabi nokuzijabulisa kokuziphatha kobulili nomlingani [27] futhi ngokuhambisana nokuhambisana nokuvama kokushaya indlwabu, nobuhlungu bezocansi ebuhlotsheni [29]. Futhi, ubuhlobo bobudlelwane obuphakathi kobuningi bokusebenza ngokocansi kanye nempawu ezimbi kufanele kutholakale.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutadisha kwethu kuholele (3) ekuchazeni ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwenkolo yokuzimela nesikhathi esidlulile selokhu kwenziwa ucansi lokugcina. Yize imiphumela yezifundo ezithile zangaphambilini ezazigxile ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwenkolo nenkonzo yezocansi zingahambelani ngokuphelele [36, 37] nemiphumela yethu, ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa ukuthi abantu abangasonti babika ukuthi banolwazi oluningi lwezocansi [55,56] nasekuqaleni ucansi [57]. Lokhu kwehluka kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi kubantu ababona izindinganiso zezenkolo nezokugcina njengezibalulekile empilweni yabo [58] futhi, ngenxa yalokhu, kungabonakala kakhulu emiphakathini elondolozayo enamasiko enkolo aqinile, njengePoland - lapho kwathathwa khona isampula (bona futhi: [30,37]). Ubudlelwano okukhulunywe ngabo nakanjani budinga uphenyo oluhlelekile mayelana negalelo labo ekuluthweni ngokocansi ezifundweni ezizayo.
Isiphetho
Ngokusho kolwazi lwethu oluhle lolu cwaningo luhlolwe kuqala ngokubambisana kwezinhlangano phakathi kobuningi be-PU kanye nokuziphatha kwangempela kokufuna ukwelashwa kwe-PU enenkinga (kulinganiswa njengokuvakashela isazi sengqondo, isazi sengqondo noma isazi sezocansi ngale njongo). Imiphumela yethu ibonisa ukuthi izifundo ezizayo, kanye nokwelashwa, kule nsimu kumele kugxile kakhulu emthethweni we-PU empilweni yomuntu ngamunye (ikhwalithi) kunokuba imvamisa nje (ubuningi), njengezimpawu ezimbi ezihambisana ne-PU (kunokuba i-PU imvamisa) yindlela ephawulekayo yokuziphatha ngokufuna ukwelashwa. Ngokombono wemiphumela etholakalayo, sichaza ukuthi izinto ezinjengemiphumela emibi yokuziphatha ehlotshaniswa ne-PU kufanele zithathwe mayelana nokuchaza, nokuqaphela, ukuphazamiseka kwe-PU (futhi mhlawumbe nezinye izimo zokuziphatha ezingekho ngaphansi kocansi). Siphakamisa futhi ukuthi uphinde uphenye indima yekhwalithi yokuphila ngokobulili ebuhlotsheni obuseduze phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile nezinkinga ezingenzeka ezibangela ubunzima ekwenzeni ubudlelwane obugculisayo.
I-ARTICLE NGOKWESIFUNDO
Ukusebenzisa i-Porn enkingeni: Ukulinganisa nemiphumela
NguRobert Weiss LCSW, CSAT-S ~ 4 min ukufunda
Okusha cwaningo uMateusz Gola, Karol Lewczuk, noMaciej Skorko, enyatheliswa kuyi-Journal of Sexual Medicine, babheka izici ezenza abantu babe ukwelashwa kokusetshenziswa kobulili obuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuyinhloko, uGola kanye neqembu lakhe bafuna ukuthola ukuthi imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma imiphumela ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi kubaluleke kakhulu. Akungathandeki, njengoba ochwepheshe bezokwelapha izidakamizwa zobulili njengami mina noDkt. Patrick Carnes bebelokhu bekhuluma futhi bebhala isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi, lapho behlonza futhi belahla izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile inani labantu abasebenzisa i-porn elisetshenziswa kakhulu kakhulu kunezenzo zakhe ezihlobene nocansi. Eqinisweni, mina noDkt Carnes sichaze njalo umlutha wezocansi ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezintathu ezilandelayo:
- Ukukhathazeka kuze kube seqophelweni lokukhathazeka ngezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile
- Ukulahlekelwa kokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ngokuvamile kuboniswa imizamo ehlulekile yokuyeka noma yokusika
- Imiphumela engalungile ephathelene nokusetshenziswa kocansi-ukunciphisa ubuhlobo, ukukhathazeka emsebenzini noma esikoleni, ukucindezeleka, ukuzihlukanisa, ukukhathazeka, ukulahleka kwesithakazelo emisebenzini ejabulisayo ngaphambili, amahloni, ukungasebenzi ngokobulili nabalingani bezwe bangempela, izinkinga zezimali, izinkinga zomthetho, njll.
Njengoba kungenzeka uke waphawula, ayikho enye yalezi zindlela ezikhomba ukuthi kunjani umuntu obuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili (noma yisiphi esinye isilinganiso esilinganiselwe). Kulokhu, ukubheja kocansi kufana nalokhu ukuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa, lapho akusiyo ukuthi uphuza kangakanani / ukusebenzisa, yilokho ukuphuza nokusebenzisa kusebenza empilweni yakho.
Eminyakeni yamuva, sibonile izifundo eziningi ezixhumanisa inani lokusebenzisa i-porn ukuze kube nemiphumela emibi. Kodwa kuze kube yilapho kukhishwa ucwaningo olusanda kushicilelwa, asizange sithole ukusekela kwesayensi ngokumangalelwa kwethu ukuthi imiphumela (kunokuba uhlobo oluthile lokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe) yisilinganiso esiyinhloko okufanele sisisebenzise lapho sibona futhi siphatha ukulutha kocansi.
Isifundo
Idatha yesifundo se-Gola iqoqwe kusukela ngo-Mashi 2014 kuya ku-March 2015 kusuka kwesampula sezakhamuzi zesilisa zasePoland ezithandanayo. Isampula yokuhlolwa yamadoda we-569 (iminyaka yobudala engu-28.71) ihlanganisa amadoda we-132 azikhomba njengokufuna ukwelashwa kokusetshenziswa kocansi okunenkinga. (Zonke ezinye isampula zikhonza njengeqembu lokulawula.) "Imiphumela engalungile" yabonwa ngokusebenzisa ukuvumelanisa kwePolish kwe-Polish Ukuvivinya kocansi ukuhlolwa kwe-Sexual-Testing (SAST-R), enemibuzo engamashumi amabili yebo / ayikho ehlose ukuhlolwa kokukhathazeka, ukuthinteka, ubudlelwane bokuphazamiseka, nokuzizwa sengathi ukuziphatha kobulili kungenakulawula.
Ucwaningo ekuqaleni lwabheka inani lokusebenzisa i-porn kanye nokuzimela kokufuna ukwelashwa, ukuthola ukulungiswa okuphawulekayo. Lezi zibuko zocwaningo ngaphambili zibheke (ngokungahambisani) kule nkinga. Ngokwesibonelo, izifundo eziholwa Valerie Voon (Cambridge, UK) futhi Daisy Mechelmans (I-Cambridge, e-UK) ithole ukuthi iqembu elingafuni ukuphathwa ngelashwa libheke ama-porn cishe amahora angu-1.75 ngesonto, kanti izihloko zokuhlola ukwelashwa zibukeka nge-porn cishe amahora angu-13.21 ngesonto. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zeCambridge azizange zibheke ubuhlobo obuphakathi kokusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kocansi, imiphumela, nokufuna ukwelashwa-kunalokho kugxile ezintweni ze-neurobiology nokuqaphela ukusebenza.
Lapho ithimba likaGola lishintsha ukuze kube nomphumela ophelele wokubambisana kwemiphumela emibi, ubuhlobo phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nokufuna ukwelashwa kwanyamalala. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuxhumana phakathi kwemiphumela emibi nokufuna ukwelashwa kwakunamandla, futhi kwahlala kunesihlobo esinamandla nezixuku eziningi zokuxhumana (iminyaka yobudala bokuqala kokusebenzisa i-porn, iminyaka yokusebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile, ukukhulekela okungokwemvelo, kanye nemikhuba yenkolo).
Lokhu kutholakala kwaholela kuGola, uLevczuk no-Skorko ukuba baphethe ngokuthi: "Izimpawu ezinganaki ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezingcolile zibikezela ngokucacile ukwelashwa okudinga ukwedlula ukwanda kwezinto ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kokusetshenziswa kocansi okubucayi kufanele kube nokubhekana nezici zokuziphatha, hhayi nje ukunciphisa imvamisa yokuziphatha, ngoba ukuvama kokusetshenziswa kocansi kungase kungabi yinkinga enkulu kubo bonke abagulayo. "
Ukushumayela kuChoir
Ngandlela-thile, lolu cwaningo olusha lusitshela ukuthi yini esazi kakade. Uma umuntu ebuka izithombe ezingcolile futhi ukuthi ukuziphatha kuthinta impilo yakhe ngezindlela ezingalungile, angase afune / adinge ukwenza okuthile ngakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umuntu ebheka izithombe ezingcolile futhi engabangeli izinkinga, kungenzeka ukuthi akudingeki enze izinguquko kule ndawo. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani le-porn lomuntu liliphi. Ngakho-ke, akuyona inani le-porn umuntu umuntu ayisebenzisayo, yilokho okusetshenziselwa ubulili okwenzayo ebuhlotsheni bakhe, ukuzimela, kanye nenhlalakahle ebalulekile.
Noma kunjalo, lolu cwaningo luyisinyathelo esibalulekile esilandelayo ngokwemigomo yokulutha kocansi njengesifo sokuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni kwengqondo. Phela, i-American Psychiatric Association iye yaqala ukuphazamisa ubulili / ukubheja kocansi, ukwehluleka ukuhlonza lolu daba lwangempela kanye olukhubazayo I-DSM-5 naphezu kwe-APA-ithunyelwe iphephandaba likaHarvard uDkt Martin Kafka batusa ngokuphambene nalokho okuphambene nakho. Futhi i-APA kuphela isho esidlangalaleni isizathu sokwenza kanjalo kubonakala kwisingeniso se-DSM-5 esigabeni se-Addictive Disorders:
Amaqembu okuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe, okwezinye izigwegwe zokuziphatha zokuziphatha, ngezigaba ezinjengokuthi "ukubhebhetheka ngokocansi," "ukuvivinya umzimba," noma "ukuthenga umlutha," akuhlanganisiwe ngoba okwamanje kunokwanele ubufakazi obubukeziwe kontanga ukusungula indlela yokuxilonga futhi izincazelo zezinkambo ezidingekayo ukuhlonza lezi zimo njengengcindezi yengqondo.
Empeleni, njengoba uDkt Kafka echaza ngokucacile ephepheni lakhe, kukhona ubufakazi obanele bokuthi i-APA ihloniphe ngokomthetho ubulili / ukubheja kocansi. Eqinisweni, izinkinga eziningi okwamanje ezibalwe kwi-DSM-5 (ikakhulukazi izifo ezihlobene nocansi) zinokufakaza okuncane kakhulu okusekelayo. Noma kunjalo, i-APA ikhethe "ukungabi khona kocwaningo" (kunokuba "ingcindezi yezombusazwe / zezimali ezivela ezinkampanini zemithi kanye nomshuwalense") njengezizathu zaso ezinzima, ngemuva kwezikhathi.
Ngokujabulisayo, Ucwaningo olusha mayelana nokulutha kocansi lubonakala ngokujwayelekile, kuhlanganise nalesi sifundo esisha esivela kuGola, Lewczuk, naseSkorko, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye kaDkt Kafka isetshenziselwa ukuhlonza (kanye nemigomo efanayo ukwelashwa ngokocansi ochwepheshe bebelokhu bebenzela iminyaka eminingi).
Ngabe i-APA ingase iqhubekele phambili ne-addendum ku-DSM-5 ehlonipha ngokusemthethweni ubulili / ukubheja kocansi njengesifo esikwaziyo nokuphathwa kahle? Ngokusekelwe kulolu cwaningo, mhlawumbe hhayi. Phela, uma kuziwa ekwenzeni ushintsho olubalulekile ezindleleni lapho odokotela babheka ukukhathazeka kwengqondo i-APA cishe ihlale ihlelwe yiphathi. Kodwa njengoba ubufakazi buphakamisa, i-APA ekugcineni kufanele ivumelane, ivume ukukhubazeka okukhulayo kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili kuzo zonke izingxenye zomphakathi. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, akukho lutho olushintsha kakhulu. Ama-Porn addicts okufisa ukuphulukisa azoqhubeka efuna ukwelashwa nokutholakala kwe-12-step, kanti odokotela abaphatha lezi zindoda nabesifazane bazokwenza kanjalo ngezindlela abazi kahle, noma ngaphandle kokuqashelwa nokusekelwa kwe-APA.
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