Joshua Grubbs ari kukwevera mvere dzemeso edu nemaziso ake ne "akaona zvinonyadzisira zvekuita zvepabonde" kutsvakurudza?

ZVINOKOSHA 2017: Chidzidzo chitsva (Fernandez et al., 2017) akaedzwa uye akaongorora iyo CPUI-9, yakanzi "inoonekwa zvinonyadzisira kupindwa muropa" yemubvunzo wakagadzirwa naJoshua Grubbs, uye ukaona kuti yaisakwanisa kunyatsoongorora "chaiyo kupindwa muropa kwepabonde" or "Unoona zvinonyadzisira kupindwa muropa" (Ko Cyber ​​Zvinonyadzisa Shandisa Inventory-9 Zvikoro Zviratidza Zvechokwadi Kunyunyuta muIndaneti Zvinonyadzisira Zvinoshandisa? Kuongorora Basa rekurega Kuedza). Zvakaona zvakare kuti 1/3 yemibvunzo yeCUUI-9 inofanirwa kusiyiwa kudzosa mhedzisiro ine chekuita ne "kusavimbika kwetsika", "chitendero", uye "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira." Izvo zvakawanikwa zvinomutsa kusahadzika kukuru pamusoro pemhedzisiro yakatorwa kubva pane chero chidzidzo chakashandisa iyo CPUI-9 kana kuvimba nezvidzidzo zvakazvishandisa. Zvizhinji zvezvinonetsa zvetsvagurudzo nekushoropodza zvinoratidzira izvo zvakatsanangurwa mune inotevera critique.

ZVINOKOSHA 2018: Propaganda chidimbu chinozvishongedza seinonzi kuongororwa naGrubbs, Samuel Perry, Rory Reid & Joshua Wilt - Tsvagiridzo Inosimudzira iyo Grubbs, Perry, Inosemeswa, Reid Ongororo ndeye Disingenuous ("Matambudziko eChinonyadzisira Pamusana peKusakwana Kwetsika: Muenzaniso unobatanidza ne Ongororo Yakagadziriswa uye Meta-Kuongorora") 2018.

Kuvhara UPDATE: In 2019, vanyori VaSamuel Perry naJoshua Grubbs vakasimbisa kwavo kuronga-kwakafambiswa nehuremu apo vese nenzira akabatana nevamwe Nicole Prause uye David Ley pakuedza kunyarara YourBrainOnPorn.com. Perry, Grubbs nevamwe pro-porn "nyanzvi" pa www.realyourbrainonporn.com vari kuita chikwangwani chekutengeserana chisina mvumo uye kuparadzanisa. Muverengi anofanira kuziva izvozvo RealYBOP twitter (nekubvumirwa kuri pachena kwevanyanzvi vayo) iri kuitawo kusvibisa uye kushungurudza kwe Gary Wilson, Alexander Rhodes, Gabe Deem uye NCOSE, Laila Mickelwait, Gail Dines, uye Chero ani zvake anotaurirana nezvekukuvadza kwe porn. Uye zvakare, David Ley nevamwe vaviri "RealYBOP" nyanzvi ikozvino kubhadharwa neinternet indasitiri hofori xHamster kusimudzira mawebhusaiti ayo (kureva StripChat) uye kugonesa vashandisi kuti kupindwa muropa nehupombwe uye kupindwa muropa nemhombwe ndezve ngano! Munyaradzi (ndiani inomhanya RealYBOP twitter) zvinoita kunge yakanyatsonaka uye inobudisa indaneti, uye inoshandisa RealYBOP twitter kuti kusimudzira indasitiri yezvinonyadzisira, dzivirira PornHub (iyo yakagarira vana porn uye zvepabonde zvobata vanhu vhidhiyo), uye kurwisa avo vari kukurudzira chikumbiro kubata PornHub inozvidavirira. Isu tinotenda kuti RealYBOP "nyanzvi" dzinofanirwa kuverengera nhengo dzadzo dze RealYBOP se "kupokana kwekufarira" muzvinyorwa zvavo zvinoongororwa nevezera.

ZVINOKOSHA 2019: Pakupedzisira, Grubbs haana kuvimba neyake CPUI-9 chimbo. Iyo CPUI-9 inosanganisira 3 "mhaka yekutadza uye kunyadziswa / kuora mwoyo" mibvunzo kwete kazhinji inowanikwa mune zvinodhaka - uye izvo zvinofunga mhedzisiro yazvo, zvichikonzera vanamati vezvinonyadzisira vezvitendero kuti vawane zvikwiriso zvepamusoro nevasiri vezvinamato kuti vatore zvakaderera pane izvo zvinoitwa pane zvakajairika kupindwa muropa-zvekuongorora zviridzwa. Pane kudaro, Chidzidzo chitsva chaGrubbs chakabvunza 2 zvakananga ehe / kwete mibvunzo yevashandisi vanoita zvinonyadzisira ("Ndinotenda kuti ndakapindwa muropa nehutano zvinonyadzisira. ""Ndaizozviti ndiri internet inonyadzisira. ”). Achizvipikisa kupokana nezvaaimbotaura, Dr. Grubbs neboka rake rekutsvagura vakaona kuti kutenda kuti wakapindwa muropa nezvinobata zvinonyadzisira nemaawa ese ezuva nezuva ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira, kwete nechitendero.

ZVINOKOSHA 2020: Anbiased muongorori Mateuz Gola akasangana neGrubbs. Panzvimbo pekushandisa CPUI-9 yakanyengedzwa CUU-XNUMX, chidzidzo chacho chakashandisa mubvunzo mumwechete.Ndinotenda kuti ndiri muropa kune zvinonyadzisira zveInternet". Izvi zvakaguma nekubatana kana kusaenzanisa pakati pechinamato uye kuzvitenda akapindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Ona: Kuongorora Matambudziko Ezvinonyadzisira Nekuda Kwetsika Tsika Yekutadza (2019)

NHANGANYAYA

Pfungwa nyowani ichangobva kubuda mukumhanyidzana kwemapepa uye zvinyorwa: "unoona kupindwa muropa kwepabonde." Yakave yakamisikidzwa naJoshua Grubbs uye yakanyatso kuongororwa muYBOP kuongorora: Critique of "Kunzwisiswa Kupindwa muropa neInternet Zvinonyadzisira uye Kushushikana Kwepfungwa: Kuongorora Ukama Panguva imwe Nekufamba Kwenguva ” (2015). Pano pane zvishomanana zvezvinyorwa zvinobva pane izvo zvidzidzo:

• Kuona Zvinonyadzisira Kwakanaka. Kutenda Muna Porn Kunetseka Hausi
• Kuora Mwoyo Kunonyanya Kuona Zvinonyanya Kukuvadza Kupfuura Zvinoshandisa Zvinoshandiswa
• Kutenda Iwe Une Unhu Hwepabonde Ndicho Chinokonzera Unhu Hwako Zvinetso, Kudzidza Kunowana

Pano tinoshanyirazve basa raJoshua Grubbs sezvaanoenderera mberi kuburitsa "anoonekwa ehupombwe muropa" mapepa. Muizvi 2015 press release Grubbs inoratidza kuti zvinonyadzisira zvinozvishandisa hazvikonzeri matambudziko:

"Izvo zvinoita kunge zvisiri izvo zvinonyadzisira izvo zviri kukonzera vanhu matambudziko, ndiwo manzwiro avanoita nezvazvo,"

“Kupindwa muropa kunofungidzirwa kunosanganisira kududzira zvisina kunaka nezvehunhu hwako, kufunga nezvako, senge, 'Handina simba pamusoro peizvi' kana kuti 'Ndiri muropa, uye handigoni kuzvidzora.'

Grubbs anopfupisa maonero ake mune izvi 2016 inoshamisa Psychology Nhasi chinyorwa, vachitaura kuti kupindwa muropa kwepabonde hakusi chinhu chinonyadzisa chekunamata.

Kunyorwa se "porn zvinodhaka" nemumwe wako, kana kunyangwe newe, hazvinei nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemhuka murume anoonas, anodaro Joshua Grubbs, mubatsiri wepurofesa wepfungwa paB Bowling Green University. Pane kudaro, ine zvose zvine chokuita nazvo religiosity uye unhu maitiro pabonde. Muchidimbu, anoti, "Zvinonyadzisa."

… .Grubbs inoidaidza kuti "inoonekwa sekupindwa muropa nekuona zvinonyadzisira." "Inoshanda zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nezvimwe zvinodhaka. "

Kana Josuha Grubbs akanyatsorondedzerwa, zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvinoreva muganhu kune propaganda, sezvaticharatidza kuti:

1. Mubvunzo weGrubbs unoongorora chete kunyadzisira kunodhakwa, kwete "kunoonekwa kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira." Iko kusvuta kwepabonde hakuiti "kushanda zvakasiyana kubva kune zvimwe zvinodhaka," uye kuti Grubbs haina kuratidza kuti inodaro. Muchokwadi, Grubbs akavakira rake remubvunzo pane (akajairwa) emibvunzo yekushandisa zvinodhaka.
2. Kusiyana nemashoko ake pamusoro apa, kuwanda kwehupenzi kunoshandiswa ndeye zvakasimba zvine chekuita nezvakawanda paGrubbs's porn drug questionnaire (CPUI). Muchokwadi, zvidzidzo zveGrubbs zvinoratidza kuti kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira (CPUI zvikamu 2 & 3) iri kure zvimwe zvakabatana nehuwandu hwehutano hunotaridzirwa kupfuura hwekunamata.
3. Zvakare, "maawa ekushandisa" haisi yero yakatendeka ye (proxy ye) kupindwa muropa. Ongororo dzakapfuura dzakaratidza kuti "maawa ekuona zvinonyadzisira anoonekwa" haana kuenderana nehurema hwekupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kana zviratidzo. Mimwe misiyano yekuwedzera yekushandisa wo inobatsira pakugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka zvepabonde.

Beyond aya anoonekera matambudziko kuGrubbs's “Kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisa kunonyadzisa zvechitendero chete”Anodaro, muenzaniso wake unodonha kana tichifunga kuti:

1. Kunyadziswa kwechitendero hakuiti kuti uropi hushandure hunoratidzira avo vanowanikwa mune vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. Asi pane makumi matatu nemana neurological zvidzidzo kunyorera uropi hune hutano hwehutano hunoshandiswa mukugombedzera kune vanoita zvinonyadzisira / vanoita zvepabonde.
2. Kunyanya kuongororwa kwezvidzidzo kunorondedzera maitiro akaderera ekumanikidza kuita zvepabonde uye kushandiswa kwepabonde mune zvechitendero (kudzidza 1, kudzidza 2, kudzidza 3, kudzidza 4, kudzidza 5, kudzidza 6, kudzidza 7, kudzidza 8, kudzidza 9, kudzidza 10, kudzidza 11, kudzidza 12, kudzidza 13, kudzidza 14, kudzidza 15, kudzidza 16, kudzidza 17, kudzidza 18, kudzidza 19, kudzidza 20, kudzidza 21, kudzidza 22, kudzidza 23, kudzidza 24, kudzidza 25).
3. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sampuro yaGrubbs yevanoshandisa porn vanonamata haigadzirisike (ona pazasi). Izvo zvinoreva zvakare kuti "chinamato" chinoita kwete inofanotaura kupindwa muropa kwepabonde.
4. zhinji vanotenda Mwari uye agnostics kuwedzera kupindwa muropa kwepabonde. Zvidzidzo zviviri zve 2016 pamusoro pevarume vakanga vashandisa zvinonyadzisira mune zvekupedzisira mwedzi yokupedzisira ye6, kana mwedzi yokupedzisira ye3, yakarondedzera yakakwirira yepamusoro yekumanikidzira kushandiswa kwepabonde (28% yezvidzidzo zvose).
5. "Kuonekwa kupindwa muropa" zviri pachena kuti hakugone kukonzera isingaperi erectile kudzvinyirira, yakaderera libido uye anorgasmia mumajaya ane hutano. Asi zvakadaro zvidzidzo zvakawanda kusiyanisa zvinonyadzisira kushandisa zvekuita zvepabonde uye kuderedza kugutsikana kwepabonde, uye ED inotora zvisinganzwisisiki yakasimbiswa ne 1000% mune varume vari pasi pe40 kubvira "tube" porn yakasvika muhupenyu hwevanoshandisa porn.
6. ichi 2016 kuongorora pamusoro pekurapa-kutsvaga zvinodhaka zvinodhaka akawana kuti chitendero haina kuwirirana ane zviratidzo zvisina kunaka kana zvikamu pane zvepabonde zvekuita zvepabonde.
7. ichi 2016 chidzidzo chekutsvaga kurapwa kwehupombwe akawanikwa hapana ukama pakati pekuzvipira kwechitendero uye kuzvitaura kwehutano hwehutano hwehupombwe nemigumisiro yakafanana.

Muzvikamu zvinotevera isu tichagadzirisa zvirevo zvikuru zveGrubbs, titarise zvakadzama mune rake dhata uye nzira, uye nekupa dzimwe tsananguro dzekureva kwake kuti chitendero chakabatana nehupombwe. Asi kutanga ngatitangei nembiru nhatu apo Grubbs inovaka mapepa ake akabatanidzwa.

Zvekuda kwaGrubbs kuve kwechokwadi ZVESE izvi zvitatu zvinofanirwa kuve zvechokwadi uye zvichitsigirwa nekutsvagisa chaiko:

1) The Grubbs Cyber ​​Pornography Shandisa Inventory (CPUI) inofanira kuongorora "inoonekwa sehupombwe muropa" pane chaiyeiye porn addiction.

• Hazviiti. Iyo CPUI inoongorora chaiyeiye Kuita zvepabonde zvinodhaka, sezvakaitwa Grubbs pachake mumutsamba wake wepakutanga we2010 unosimbisa CPUI (iri pasi apa). Chaizvoizvo, CPUI yaiva chete yakagadziriswa se chaiyeiye porn kupindwa muropa bvunzo, uye haumbofi wakaita se "unoonekwa kupindwa muropa" bvunzo. Pasina kutsigira kururamiswa kwesainzi, mu2013, Grubbs asinga tsanangurike akanyorwa zita rake rekupindwa muropa nehupombwe bvunzo "inoonekwa yehupombwe muropa" bvunzo.
• Tarira: Muzvidzidzo zveGrubbs anoshandisa chirevo "chinonzwisisika kupindwa muropa" kana "anoona kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" kuratidza huwandu hwakazara pachiyero chake cheCPUI (bvunzo yehupombwe). Izvi zvakarasika mushanduro nekuda kwekudzokorora kwakawanda kwe "kunoonekwa kupindwa muropa," pachinzvimbo cheyakarurama, isina-chipepa: "iyo Cyber ​​Pornography Shandisa Inventory mamaki."

2) Grubbs inofanirwa kunge yakawana zvishoma pakusiyanana kwemaawa ekushandisa uye CPUI zvikoro (zvinonyadzisira zvinodhaka).

• Kwete zvakare. Semuyenzaniso, Grubbs et al. 2015 inoratidza kuwirirana kwakasimba pakati maawa ekushandisa uye CPUI zvidzidzo. Kubva p. 6 yekudzidza:

"Pamusoro pezvo, avhareji mazuva ese ezvinonyadzisira anoshandiswa mumaawa zvaive zvakanyanya uye zvine chekuita nekushushikana, kushushikana, uye kutsamwa, pamwe ne anoona kusagadzikana [total CPUI score]."

• Grubbs's yechipiri 2015 kudzidza yakashuma a akasimba kuwirirana pakati peCPUI zvikoro uye "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" kupfuura zvayakaita pakati peCPUI zvikoro uye chitendero.

Grubbs aigona sei kutaura Psychology Nhasi kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira "haina chokuita nehuwandu hwehutano munhu anoona,"Apo zvidzidzo zvake zvinoratidza kuti huwandu hwekushandisa hwaive" zvakanyanya uye zvine mutsindo "zvakabatana neCCUI zvibodzwa?

3) Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinofanira kunge zvakashuma kuti mari inoshandiswa inoshandiswa inoshandiswa yakasiyana-siyana nezviratidzo zvehupenzi kunyoresa kana kuti zvikamu pa porn addiction tests.

• Havana kudaro. Zvimwe zvikwata zvekutsvagisa zvakaona kuti iyo inoshanduka "maawa ekushandisa" haina kuenderana zvine mutsindo ne cybersex kupindwa muropa (kana vhidhiyo-yemitambo kupindwa muropa). Ndokunge, kupindwa muropa kunonyatso fungidzirwa nezvimwe zvinosiyana pane "maawa ekushandisa" zvakadaro, saka kupfuma kwezvakataurwa naGrubbs kunopokana kunyangwe nzira yake yaive yakanaka uye zvaakataura zvaive zvechokwadi. (Kwete iyo nyaya.) "Maawa ekushandisa" haisi proxy yakavimbika ye "kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira," saka kana kuwirirana nayo kana kushaya kuwirirana nayo kunogona kuve nekukosha kukuru Grubbs inofungidzira.

Mazhinji eGrubbs-anogadzirwa misoro uye zvirevo zvinoenderana neese matatu ezve pamusoro mapoinzi ari echokwadi. Havasi. Isu tave kuongorora idzi mbiru nhatu dzakapoterera zvidzidzo zveGrubbs uye zvirevo.

CHIKAMU 1: Nhema ye "Inonzwisiswa" Zvinodhaka Zvinodhaka:

The Cyber ​​Pornography Shandisa Inventory (CPUI): Icho chaicho chinodhaka bvunzo.

Zvinokosha kuziva:

• Chero nguva Grubbs paanoshandisa chirevo "chinoonekwa kupindwa muropa" iye anonyatso kureva huwandu hwakazara pane yake CPUI.
• Iyo CPUI yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu, izvo zvinova zvakakosha zvikuru gare gare apo isu tichiongorora kuti zvibodzwa pachikamu chimwe nechimwe zvinowirirana sei nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa se "maawa ekushandisa" uye "chitendero."
• Mubvunzo wega wega unowanikwa uchishandisa chikero cheLikert che1 kusvika pa7, iine 1 iri "kana bodo, "Uye 7 iri"chaizvo. "

KUCHENZERA:

1. Ndinotenda kuti ndiri muropa kune zvinonyadzisira zveInternet.

2. Ndinonzwa ndisingakwanisi kumisa kushandiswa kwangu kwekuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti.

3. Kunyange kana ini ndisingadi kuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti, ndinonzwa ndichikwezva nayo

ACCESS EFFORTS:

4. Pane dzimwe nguva, ndinoedza kuronga purogiramu yangu kuitira kuti ndive nekwanisi kuva ndoga kuti ndione zvinonyadzisira.

5. Ndakaramba kuenda neshamwari kana kuenda kumamwe mabasa evanhu kuti ndiwane mukana wekuona zvinonyadzisira.

6. Ndakarega zvinhu zvinokosha pakuona zvinonyadzisira.

KUENDA KWENYAYA:

7. Ndinonyara pashure pokuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti.

8. Ndiri kunzwa ndakaora mwoyo mushure mokuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti.

9. Ndinonzwa ndichirwara mushure mokuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti.

Muzvokwadi, Grubbs's Cyber ​​Zvinonyadzisira Shandisa Inventory (CPUI) mibvunzo yemibvunzo yakafanana zvikuru nedzimwe dzakawanda zvinodhaka uye hunhu kupindwa muropa nemibvunzo. Kufanana nedzimwe bvunzo dzekupindwa muropa, iyo CPUI inoongorora maitiro uye zviratidzo zvakajairika kune zvese zvinodhaka, senge: kutadza kudzora kushandiswa; kumanikidzwa kushandisa, zvishuwo zvekushandisa, zvakashata zvepfungwa, zvemagariro uye zvemhedzisiro mhedzisiro; uye kubatikana nekushandisa. Muchokwadi, chete 1 yemibvunzo mipfumbamwe yeCUU pamusoro apa inotopa pfungwa pa "kunoonekwa kupindwa muropa."

Asi isu tinoudzwa kuti munhu chizere zvibodzwa zvemibvunzo yese mipfumbamwe zvakangofanana ne "kunoonekwa kupindwa muropa" pane kupindwa muropa. Inotsausa kwazvo, yakangwara kwazvo, uye isina hwaro hwesainzi. Agnotology furu, chero ani? (Agnotology ndiko kuongorora kwekusarura kwemadzinza kana kusava nechokwadi, kunyanya kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa zvisina kururama kana kuti zvinonyengera zvesayenzi zvakagadzirirwa kupesana nevanhu pamusoro pehurumende yekutsvaga mune imwe nzvimbo. Gomba Guru rinorumbidzwa nekugadzirira munda wegnotology.)

Cherechedza kuti makumi emakore ekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemishonga kuongororwa kwemakemikari uye maitiro ekudhakwa anovimba nemibvunzo yakafanana neyo CPUI yekuongorora chaiyo, kwete chete zvakaonekwa, addiction. CPUI mibvunzo 1-6 inotarisa chinokanganisa kushandiswa kwemitemo sezvinotsanangurwa ne4 Cs, nepo mibvunzo 7-9 ichiongorora zvakashata zvepfungwa mushure mekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Ngatifananidzei CPUI nechinowanzo shandiswa kupindwa muropa nekushandisa zvinodhaka chinozivikanwa se “4 Cs.”Iyo CPUI mibvunzo inobatana nemaC mana inoonekwa zvakare.

• Compulsion kushandisa (2, 3)
• Kusakwanisa Cvotel use (2, 3, pamwe 4-6)
• Cravings to use (3 kunyanya, asi 1-6 rinogona kududzirwa sechido)
• Cvakained kushandisa pasinei nemigumisiro yakaipa (4-6, zvichida 7-9)

Dhiyabhorosi nyanzvi dzinovimba nemashandisirwo ekuongorora akaita seA4Cs sokuratidza kusagadzikana nokuti nyanzvi dzesayenzi dzakabatanidza zviratidzo izvo mibvunzo ine hutano hwehutano hwehutano hunoshanduka mumakumi makumi emakore ekutsvakurudza kwezvinokosha. Onai mutemo wehurumende yehurumende yeAmerican Society of Addiction Medicine. Muchidimbu, iyo Grubb's CPUI ndeye chaiyoiyo porn kupindwa muropa bvunzo; haina kumbobvumirwa kuti iite "kuonekwa kunodhakwa."

Iko yekutanga 2010 Grubbs yekudzidza ichiti CPUI yakaongorora chaiyeiye porn addiction

In Grubbs yekutanga 2010 pepa iye akabvumirana neCyber-Pornography Shandisa Inventory (CPUI) senzira yekuongorora mibvunzo chaiyeiye kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Iwo mitsara "inoonekwa kupindwa muropa" uye "inoonekwa kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" haioneke mupepa rake ra2010. Kupesana, Grubbs et al., 2010 inotaura zvakajeka munzvimbo dzinoverengeka iyo iyo CPUI inoongorora yechokwadi kupindwa muropa kwepabonde:

Iwo akambotsanangurwa mamodheru akarondedzerwa kuti anzwisise hunhu hunodzvinyirira aive ekutanga fungidziro dzedzidziso dzinoshandiswa kuwana chishandiso cheichi chidzidzo, iyo Cyber-Zvinonyadzisira Shandisa Inventory (CPUI), yakateedzana mushure meiyo Internet Bonde Kuongorora Bvunzo Yakagadzirwa naDelmonico (Delmonico & Griffin, 2008) . Iyo CPUI yakarongeka yakanga yakavakirwa pamutemo wekuti kuora kwemaitiro kunoratidzika nekushaya kukwanisa kumisa maitiro, zviito zvakashata zvakashata semugumisiro wemafambiro, uye kuvharwa kwemaitiro akazara nemafambiro (Delmonico & Miller, 2003).

Iko CPUI inonyatsoratidza chivimbiso sechiridzwa chekuona zvinonyadzisira zveInternet. Izvo zvisungo zvekare, zvakadai seIST, zvakarongedza kupararira kwepabonde paIndaneti, iyi iyi yakaratidza chivimbiso mukunyatsoongorora kutengesa zvinonyadzisira zveInternet. Uyezve, zvinhu zviripo zvakatsanangurwa Addictive Patterns scale vanoita sevanowana mamwe mazinga theoretical support uye zvinogona kugadzirwa kuti zvive zvakajeka kana zvichienzaniswa nehutano hwekuongororwa kwezvinhu zvose Substance Dependence uye Pathological Kubhejera, ICD.

Pakupedzisira, zvishanu zvezvinhu paAddictive Patterns kubva pachigadziro chekushandiswa kweCompulsivity zvinoita sechinyatsopindira mumunhu akaonekwa kana chaicho kusakwanisa kumisa maitiro avanoita. Kusakwanisa kumisa unhu hunotambudza pane chero mamiriro ezvinhu hakusi kungofanana nechikonzero chinokosha chokuongororwa kweE-SD nePG, asi chinogonawo kufungidzirwa seimwe yenheyo yezvinhu zvose zvinodhaka, sekuratidzwa muDVD, uye ICDs (Dixon et al., 2007; Potenza, 2006). Zvinoratidzika kuti ndiko kusakwanisa uku kunokonzera chirwere.

mune 2013 kudzidza Grubbs yakaderedza nhamba yePCUI mibvunzo kubva ku32 (kana 39 kana 41) kusvika kuneiyo 9, uye re-rakanyorwa ake chaiyo, yakavimbiswa porn kupindwa muropa bvunzo se "inoonekwa porn kupindwa muropa" bvunzo (heino a 41-mubvunzo mhinduro yeCUU). Akaita izvi pasina tsanangudzo kana kururamiswa uye akatanga kushandisa chirevo "chinoonekwa kupindwa muropa" ka80 mumupepa rake ra2013. Izvo zvakati, Grubbs yakaratidza chimiro chaicho cheiyo CPUI-9 mune ino chinyorwa kubva mubepa ra2013:

"Pakupedzisira, takaona kuti iyo CPUI-9 yakanga yakabatana zvine mutsindo nehunhu hwepabonde, sekuyerwa ne Kalichman Sexual Compulsivity Scale. Izvi zvinonongedzera kuhukama hwehukama pakati pekumanikidzira kushandiswa kwehupombwe nehupombwe kazhinji. ”

Ngatinyatso kujekesa - iyo CPUI haina kumbobvumidzwa seyedzo yekuyera kusiyanisa chaiyo zvinonyadzisira kubva "anoona zvinonyadzisira."Izvi zvinoreva kuti veruzhinji vanovimba chete neshoko raGrubbs kuti bvunzo yake yakagadziridzwa inogona kusiyanisa pakati pe" inoonekwa sehupombwe muropa "uye" chaiye kupindwa muropa kwepabonde "iyo CPUI yakatanga kugoneswa kuongorora. Ndezvesainzi zvakadii kuti titumidze bvunzo yakasimbiswa sechimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvachose musingashandise shanduko yakanyanya yeshanduko yemuyedzo?

Sei Joshua Grubbs akadzoreredza iyo CPUI "inoonekwa" porn kupindwa muropa bvunzo?

Kunyange Grubbs pachake asina kuti bvunzo yake yaigona kugadzirisa kunzwisisika kubva pakupindwa muropa chaiko, kushandirwa kwake kwezwi rinotsausa ("rinoonekwa kupindwa muropa") yezvakawanda pane yake CPUI-9 chiridzwa kwakatungamira vamwe kutora chimbo chake chine pfuma yemashiripiti yekugona kusarura pakati pe "kunoonekwa" uye "chaiko" kupindwa muropa. Izvi zvaita kukuvadza kukuru kumunda we porno yekuongorora nekuti vamwe vanovimba nemapepa ake seumboo hwechinhu chavasinga, uye chavasingakwanise. Hapana bvunzo iripo inogona kusiyanisa "chaicho" kubva "kunoonekwa" kupindwa muropa. Kungozvinyora zvakadaro hakugone kuzviita saizvozvo.

Izvi zvakaitika sei? Hazvisi zvisinganzwisisike kune edzidzo magazini vapepeti uye vaongorori kuti vade kudzokororwa kukuru vasati vagamuchira bepa kuti ribudiswe. Joshua Grubbs akataura mune email kuti muongorori wechipiri weCCUI-9 kudzidza kwakakonzera iye nevamwe vake vanyori vebvunzo ye2013 kuti vachinje izwi rekuti "kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" izwi reiyo CPUI-9 (nekuti muongorori akatsvinyira "kuvaka" yehupombwe). Ichi ndicho chikonzero Grubbs akachinja tsananguro yake yemuyedzo kuita “zvakaonekwa zvinonyadzisira kupindwa muropa ”remibvunzo. Muchidimbu munhu asingazivikanwe muongorori / mupepeti mumagazini ino imwe chete akatanga zita risingatsigirwe, rinotsausa re "zvakaonekwa kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. ” Iyo CPUI haina kumbobvumirwa kushandiswa semuedzo wokuenzanisa unosiyanisa chaiyo zvinonyadzisira kubva "anoona zvinonyadzisira.”Heino Grubbs tweeting pamusoro peiyo nzira, kusanganisira zvataurwa nemuongorori:

Josh GrubbsThe @JoshuaGrubbsPhD

Pane rangu 1 bepa rekumanikidza kushandisa zvinonyadzisira: "Izvi zvinovaka [kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira] zvine zvazvinoreva kuyera sechiitiko chekubiwa kwevatorwa: hazvina zvazvinoreva."

Nicole R Prause, PhDThe @NicoleRPrause

Iwe kana muongorori?

Josh GrubbsThe @JoshuaGrubbsPhD

Muongorori akati kwandiri

Josh GrubbsThe @JoshuaGrubbsPhD  Jul 14

Chaizvoizvo chii chakaita kuti ndione kushandiswa kwemishonga, ndakafunga nezvemashoko sezvaakadzokororwa chinangwa.

Iko hakuna nhoroondo yezvakaitika kune iyo "inoonekwa kupindwa muropa" bvunzo yekuongorora

Idzo mbiri dzinodzidza Grubbs dzinotaura nguva dzose (1, 2) kureva kuti pfungwa yake ye "inoonekwa sekupindwa muropa" yakasimbiswa / zviri pamutemo zvakaitwa kune vanosvuta, uye haitsigire pfungwa ye "inoonekwa seinodhakwa" seGrubbs inoishandisa. Kutanga, kana kudzidza hakuratidze, sezvinoita Grubbs ne porn, iyo chaiyo fodya kupindwa muropa hakuna. Kana chimwe chezvidzidzo izvi chakati chakagadzira bvunzo remibvunzo inogona kusiyanisa kana kupatsanura "kupindwa muropa" kubva kune chaiko kupindwa muropa. Dzidzo mbiri dzakatarisana pachinzvimbo chekuongorora kubudirira kweramangwana rekurega kusvuta kwakabatana nevekare kare-kuzivisa kwekudhakwa.

Iko hakuna remubvunzo we "kunoonekwa kupindwa muropa" kune chero chinhu - chinhu kana hunhu - kusanganisira zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandiswa (zvisinei nezvakataurwa naGrubbs). Pane chikonzero chakanaka 'Google Scholar' inodzosera zero mhedzisiro yeanotevera "anoonekwa anodhakwa":

• "vakaona doro kusvuta"
• "vakaona kuti cocaine inodhaka"
• "anoona heroin kushandiswa"
• "inonzi methamphetamine inodhaka"
• "vakaona kubhejera kusvuta"

Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanofanotaura kushandisa CPUI se chaiyeiye porn addiction test

Chokwadi chechokwadi: vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanotsanangura CPUI se chaiyeiye zvinonyadzisira kupindwa muropa nemubvunzo bvunzo (sezvo zviri izvo zvakagadziriswa se), uye ishandise zvakadaro muzvidzidzo zvavo zvakaburitswa:

1. Ongororo yeIndaneti Zvinonyadzisira Kushandiswa pakati pevadzidzi veEvangelical Christian Colleges (2011)
2. Mibvunzo nemakero ekuongororwa kwemabasa ekuita zvepabonde paIndaneti: Kuongororwa kwemakore 20 ekutsvakurudza (2014)
3. Dambudziko reIndaneti: Kufunga, kuongorora, uye kurapa (2015)
4. Kujekesa Zvisungo Zviri Pakati Pemitambo yeIndaneti, Kushandisa Indaneti, Kunwa Doro, uye Zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti Shandisa (2015)
5. Cyberpornography: Nguva Yakashandiswa, Kuzivikanwa Kunokanganisa, Kuita Zvepabonde, uye Kugutsikana Zvepabonde (2016)
6. Kuongorora Kuwirirana Kwezvinetso Zvinonyadzisira ZvepaIndaneti Shandisa Pakati Pevadzidzi veYunivhesiti (2016)

Chidzidzo chekupedzisira pamusoro pekushandiswa kwenguva yakareba yeGrubbs CPUI uye neIndaneti yezvinonyadzisira zvinokonzerwa nemishonga inowanikwa kubva muDMM-5 Internet-kutamba mitambo yekudhakwa. Mifananidzo iri pasi apa inoratidza zvidzidzo zvakafanana' zvikamu pane zviviri zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzera kupindwa muropa kwepabonde nemibvunzo:

-

Hazvishamisi: mhedzisiro yakafanana uye kugoverwa kweGrubbs CPUI uye yevanotsvaga 'DSM-5-yakavakirwa porn zvinodhaka mubvunzo remibvunzo. Kana iyo CPUI yaigona kusiyanisa "inoonekwa sekupindwa muropa" kubva "chaiko kupindwa muropa" mairafu uye kugoverwa kwaizove kwakanyanyisa kusiyana. Havasi.

Zano: pese paunoverenga bepa reGrubbs kana Grubbs kuruma-kurira munhau, bvisa izwi rekuti "rinoonekwa" uye uone kuti rinoverengwa zvakasiyana sei - uye rinoenderana sei nekumwe kutsvagisa nezvekupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Semuenzaniso, mitsara miviri kubva pakuunzwa kwepepa reGrubbs ine izwi rekuti "rinoonekwa" rakabviswa:

Kupindwa muropa neInternet zvinonyadzisira kunosanganisirwa nemazinga akaderera ehupenyu. Ongororo ichangoburwa yawana kupindwa muropa kwepabonde kuti kuve nechokuita nekushushikana, kushushikana, uye kushungurudzika (Grubbs, Stauner, Exline, Pargament, & Lindberg, 2015; Grubbs, Volk et al., 2015).

Bvisa chirevo chisingatsigirwe chekuti iyo CPUI inoongorora "inoonekwa kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira" uye isu tine mhedzisiro dzakasiyana zvachose uye hapana misoro inotsausa. Zvakare, zvakadai chaizvo kuwanikwa kwehupombwe kupindwa muropa kunosanganiswa nekushushikana, kushushikana uye kushushikana kunoenderana nemakumi emakore e "chaiko," kwete "anoonekwa," kupindwa muropa nekutsvagisa. Kusakwanisa kudzora kushandiswa kunonetsa.

CHIKAMU 2: Inonzi Correlations? "Maawa ekushandisa" uye "Chitendero"

Kupesana nezvakataurwa naGrubbs uwandu hwezvinyadzo zvinotariswa zvakanyanya zvine chekuita nezvezvinodhaka zvinodhaka (CPUI)

Kunyange isu tichizoona kuti "maawa ekushandisa" haatombo shandiswa seye chete mumiriri wekupindwa muropa, midhiya kurira-kuruma vanoti izvo Grubbs zvakawanikwa kwete hukama pakati pe "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" uye zvibodzwa pa porno bvunzo bvunzo (CPUI). Izvi hazvisizvo. Ngatitange naGrubb's 2013 kudzidza iyo yakatemwa (ne fiat) iyo CPUI-9 bvunzo ye "inoonekwa sehupombwe"

"Zvikamu pane iyo yakazara CPUI-9, iyo yekumanikidza subscale, uye yekuwana yekuedza subscale zvese zvakabatanidzwa nekuwedzera kushandiswa kweinternet zvinonyadzisira, zvichiratidza kuti vakaona kusagadzikana [total CPUI score] ine chekuita nekuwanda kwekushandisa. ”

Rangarira "kunoonekwa kupindwa muropa" ipfupi kune iyo total CPUI score. Sezvakatsanangurwa kare, iyi 2015 Grubbs yekudzidza yakarondedzera kuwirirana kwakasimba kwemaawa ekushandisa uye CPUI zvikoro. Kubva p. 6 yekudzidza:

“Uyezve, muvhareji wezuva nezuva wekuona zvinonyadzisira anoshandiswa mumaawa yakawanda uye zvakanyatsobatanidzwa nokuora mwoyo, kuzvidya mwoyo, uye kutsamwa, pamwe chete vakaona kukanganisa [total CPUI score]. "

Mune mamwe mazwi, zvinopesana nemisoro yezvinyorwa uye zvinotaurwa naGrubbs mupepanhau, zvikamu 'zvese zveCPUI-9 zvikoro zvaive yekudyidzana inosanganiswa nemaawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Asi sei "avhareji zuva nezuva zvinonyadzisira zvinoshandisa mumaawa" zvichienzaniswa nechitendero? Ndezvipi zvinowirirana zvakanyanya neCPUI- yakazara mamaki?

Tichashandisa data kubva kubepa raGrubbs ra2015 ("Kutsauka Sechidimbu: Kutendeseka uye Maitiro Asingadikanwi Sevamwe Vanopedzisira Vachiona Kuwedzererwa Kwezvinonyadzisira"), Sezvo iine zvidzidzo zvitatu zvakasiyana uye zita rayo rinokuchidzira rinoratidza kuti chinamato chinokonzeresa kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. Dhiwani 2 iri pasi rine data kubva ku2 zvidzidzo zvakasiyana. Aya mashoko anoratidza kuwirirana pakati pezvimwe zvipembenene (maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira; zvechitendero) uye CPUI zvikoro (yose CPUI-9 uye yakaputsika muzvikamu zve 3 CPUI).

Mazano ekunyatsonzwisisa nhamba dziri patafura: zero zvinoreva kusawirirana pakati pemitemo miviri; 1.00 zvinoreva kuwirirana kwakakwana pakati pemhando mbiri. Iyo yakakura nhamba yakasimbiswa kuwirirana pakati pezvisiyanzo zve 2. Kana nhamba ine Minus chiratidzo, zvinoreva kuti pane kuwirirana kusiri pakati pezvinhu zviviri. (Semuenzaniso, pane kuwirirana kwakashata pakati pekurovedza muviri uye chirwere chemwoyo. Nekudaro, mumutauro wakajairika, kurovedza muviri kunoderedza mikana yechirwere chemwoyo. Kune rimwe divi, kufutisa kune zvakanaka kuwirirana ane chirwere chemoyo.)

Zvichinyorwa pasi apa ndizvo zvakabatana chizere CPUI-9 zvibodzwa (# 1) uye "Shandisa Maawa" (# 5) uye iyo "Religiosity Index" (# 6) yezvidzidzo zviviri zveGrubbs:

Kuwirirana pakati pezvikwata zve CPUI uye chitendero:

• Chidzidzo 1: 0.25
• Chidzidzo 2: 0.35
  • pakati nepakati: 0.30

Iko kuwirirana pakati pezvizere CPUI zvikoro uye "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira":

• Chidzidzo 1: 0.30
• Chidzidzo 2: 0.32
  • pakati nepakati 0.31

Zvinotyisa, CPUI-9 zvikwata zvine a zvishoma zvishoma hukama ne "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" pane zvechitendero! Taura zvakapusa "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" inofanotaura kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira zviri nani kupfuura anoita zvechitendero. Zvakadaro chinyorwa chechidzidzo chinotivimbisa kuti chitendero "rakanyatsobatana nekunzwisiswa kusagadzikana”(CPUI zvibodzwa). Kana zvirizvo, saka "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" zviri pachena zvakare "zvine hukama zvine hukama" nezvakawanda pane iyo CPUI. Zvinoda kuziva kuti hukama hwechitendero nehupombwe hunosimbiswa sei, nepo maawa ekushandisa anosarirwa kana kuvanzwa ne doubleblespeak.

Iko hakuna imwe nzira yekutaura izvi - Grubbs dhata rakabhururuka kunze rinopesana nezvaanotaura munhau uye muzvidzidzo zvake 'zvinyorwa. Kuti uvandudze ndangariro dzako, zvinotaurwa naGrubbs mune izvi Psychology Nhasi feature article:

Kunyorwa kunzi "porn addict" neshamwari, kana kunyange iwe pachako, ane hapana kuti uite nehuwandu hwehuponi munhu anoona, anodaro Joshua Grubbs, mubatsiri wepurofesa wepfungwa paB Bowling Green University. Pane kudaro, it has chinhu chose kuita nayo chinamato…

Muzvokwadi, izvo zvinopesana ndezvokwadi: kupindwa muropa kwepabonde kunowirirana neawa yekushandiswa pane kunamata. Chikamu chinotevera chicharatidza izvozvo chaiyeiye "Kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira," sekuyerwa neCPUI mibvunzo 1-6, iri kure zvimwe zvine hukama ne "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" pane zvazviri mukunamata.

Zvidzidzo zveGrubbs zvinoratidza izvo chaiyeiye kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kunowirirana zvakanyanya ne "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" pane kunamata

Grubbs akawana kuti kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira (CPUI-9 yakazara mamakisi) kwakanyanya kuenderana ne "yazvino maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" pane kune chitendero. Asi unogona kunge uri kufunga kuti, "Grubbs akanga akarurama pamusoro pekuti: porn addiction (CPUI scores) is zvine chokuita nechitendero. ” Kwete saizvozvo. Muchikamu chinotevera tichaona kuti sei chikumbiro ichi chisiri icho chinoratidzika.

Kunamira nenhamba dzaGrubbs dzazvino, pane hukama pakati chaiyeiye kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira uye zvechitendero. Zvisinei, yakanyanya kusimba pane yakaratidzwa muchikamu chekare. Sezvakakosha, kuwirirana pakati chaiyeiye kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira uye "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" akasimba zvakanyanya kupfuura zvinoratidzwa muchikamu chakapfuura.

Pakunyatso kuongorora, mibvunzo 1-6 yeCUUI-9 inoongorora zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinowanzoitika kune zvese zvinodhaka, nepo mibvunzo 7-9 (Emotional Distress) ichiongorora mhosva, kunyadziswa uye kuzvidemba. Semagumo, "chaiyeiye kupindwa muropa ”zvinowirirana nemibvunzo 1-6 (Kumanikidza & Kuedza Kuedza).

Kumanikidza:

1. Ndinotenda kuti ndiri muropa kune zvinonyadzisira zveInternet.
2. Ndinonzwa ndisingakwanisi kumisa kushandiswa kwangu kwekuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti.
3. Kunyange kana ini ndisingadi kuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti, ndinonzwa ndichikwezva nayo

Kuedza kuedza:

4. Pane dzimwe nguva, ndinoedza kuronga purogiramu yangu kuitira kuti ndive nekwanisi kuva ndoga kuti ndione zvinonyadzisira.
5. Ndakaramba kuenda neshamwari kana kuenda kumamwe mabasa evanhu kuti ndiwane mukana wekuona zvinonyadzisira.
6. Ndakarega zvinhu zvinokosha pakuona zvinonyadzisira.

Kushungurudzika Kwepfungwa:

7. Ndinonyara pashure pokuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti.
8. Ndiri kunzwa ndakaora mwoyo mushure mokuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti.
9. Ndinonzwa ndichirwara mushure mokuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti.

Kutanga, ngationgororei kuwirirana pakati peimwe neimwe yezvikamu zvitatu zveCPUI neRudzidziso. Mumatafura anotevera zvikamu zvitatu zve CPUI zvakaverengwa 2, 3 uye 4, uye Religiosity Index iri nhamba 6.

Kuwirirana pakati peChristigiosity uye Inonzi Compulsivity (mibvunzo 1-3)

• Chidzidzo 1: 0.25
• Chidzidzo 2: 0.14
  • Avhareji: 0.195

Kuwirirana pakati peDhegiosity uye Access Efforts (mibvunzo 4-6)

• Chidzidzo 1: 0.03
• Chidzidzo 2: 0.11
  • Avhareji: 0.07

Kuwirirana pakati peKutenda uye Kushungurudzika Kwemwoyo (mibvunzo 7-9)

• Chidzidzo 1: 0.32
• Chidzidzo 2: 0.45
  • Avhareji: 0.385

Chinhu chikuru chinowanikwa ndechekuti chitendero chakabatana zvikuru (.39) to chete Zvinotambudza Chikamu chikamu che CPUI-9: mibvunzo 7-9, iyo inobvunza vashandi vepabonde manzwiro avanoita mushure mokuona zvinonyadzisira (kunyara, kuora mwoyo, kana kurwara). Chitendero chinonyanya kushamwaridzana nezvikamu zviviri zviduku (mibvunzo 1-6) iyo inonyatsoongorora chaiyeiye Kuita zvepabonde zvinodhaka: Kuomesa musoro (.195) uye Kuedza Kuedza (.07). Yakareruka: kunyadziswa nemibvunzo yemhosva (7-9) inowedzera simba rePCUI yepamusoro kune vanhu vezvitendero. Bvisa mibvunzo yeHNUMX yezvinonyadzisa uye kuwirirana pakati pechitendero uye CPUI inodonha chinongova 0.13.

Kuongorora iyo chaiyo-inodhakwa CPUI mibvunzo, zviri pachena kuti iyo 3 "Kuedza Kuedza" mibvunzo 4-6 inoongorora nzira huru yekupindwa muropa ne ani kupindwa muropa: "Kusakwanisa kumira kunyangwe paine mhedzisiro yakaipa." Kumanikidza kushandisa chiratidzo chekupindwa muropa.

Kusiyana, mubvunzo #1 muchikamu cheCompulsivity chinotsigira subjective dudziro (“Ini nzwa akapindwa muropa? ”).

Zvino, dzokera kune iwo Mibvunzo Yekuyedza Mibvunzo 4-6, inoongorora maitiro chaiwo, kwete zvitendero kana manzwiro. Iko kiyi yekubvisa: pane kuwirirana kwakanyanya kusimba pakati peRechiucityion uye iyo 3 Mibvunzo Yekuedza Yekuedza (chete 0.07). Mukupfupisa, kunamata kune hukama hushoma chaizvo chaiyeiye kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira. (Muchokwadi, pane chikonzero chakanaka chekuratidza kuti pane zviripo kwete ukama sezvatinoona muchikamu chinotevera.)

Tevere, ngationgororei kuwirirana pakati peimwe neimwe yezvikamu zvitatu zveCPUI uye "Maawa Ekushandisa Zvinonyadzisira." Mumatafura anotevera mapepa matatu eCUU anonzi 2, 3 uye 4, uye "[Zvinonyadzisira] Shandisa Maawa" iri nhamba 5.

Kuwirirana pakati pe "[Zvinonyadzisa] Shandisa Maawa”Uye Kunzwisisika Kumanikidzwa (mibvunzo 1-3)

• Chidzidzo 1: 0.25
• Chidzidzo 2: 0.32
  • Avhareji: 0.29

Kuwirirana pakati pe "[Zvinonyadzisa] Shandisa Maawa”Uye Kuedza Kuedza (mibvunzo 4-6)

• Chidzidzo 1: 0.39
• Chidzidzo 2: 0.49
  • Avhareji: 0.44

Kuwirirana pakati pe "[Zvinonyadzisa] Shandisa Maawa”Uye Kushushikana Mupfungwa (mibvunzo 7-9)

• Chidzidzo 1: 0.17
• Chidzidzo 2: 0.04
  • Avhareji: 0.10

Izvi ndizvo zvakapesana chaizvo nezvatakaona nechitendero. "[Zvinonyadzisa] Shandisa Maawa”Correlates zvakasimba nemibvunzo yeCCUI (1-6), iyo, zvakare, yakanyatsoongorora chaiyeiye porn addiction (0.365). Zvinotonyanya kukosha, "[Zvinonyadzisa] Shandisa Maawa”Inoenderana zvimwe zvakanyanya neiyo CPUI yemukati yekupindwa muropa mibvunzo 4-6 (0.44). Izvi zvinoreva izvozvo chaiyeiye Kuita zvepabonde zvinotapira (sekuongororwa nemaitiro) zvakanyatsoenderana nehuwandu hwehupombwe hunoonekwa nomunhu.

Pane rimwe divi, "[Zvinonyadzisa] Shandisa Maawa”Haina hukama0.10) kumibvunzo ye "Kushushikana Kwepfungwa" (7-9). Iyi mibvunzo mitatu inobvunza vanoshandisa porn kuti sei nzwa mushure mokuona zvinonyadzisira (kunyara, kuora mwoyo, kana kurwara). Mukupfupisa, chaiyeiye Zvinonyadzisira (1-6) zvakanyatsobatana nehuwandu hwehutano hunotarirwa, asi kunyadziswa uye mhosva (7-9) hazvisi. Kuti uise izvi nenzira imwe, kusvuta kwepabonde kune zvakawanda zvaunogona kuita nehuwandu hwekuona zvinonyadzisira, uye zvishoma zvikuru kuita nekunyaidzwa (zvechitendero kana zvimwe).

Pfupiso yezvakawanikwa naGrubbs chaiwo

1. muunganidzwa CPUI-9 zvibodzwa zvaive zvakabatana zvakanyanya ne "[Zvinonyadzisa] Shandisa Maawa”Pane nechitendero. Uku kutsvaga kunopesana zvakananga nezvinotaurwa munhau naJoshua Grubbs.
2. Kubvisa iyo 3 "Kushungurudzika Kwepfungwa" mibvunzo kunotungamira kune yakatonyanya hukama hukama pakati pe "[Zvinonyadzisa] Shandisa Maawa"Uye chaiyeiye Kuita zvepabonde zvinodhaka sezvinoongororwa nemibvunzo 1-6.
3. Kubvisa iyo 3 "Kushungurudzika Kwepfungwa" mibvunzo (inoongorora kunyadziswa uye mhosva) inotungamira kuhukama husina kusimba pakati pechitendero ne chaiyeiye Kuita zvepabonde zvinodhaka sezvinoongororwa nemibvunzo 1-6.
4. Hukama hwakasimba kwazvo huripo pakati pe "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" uye iyo core addiction behavior seyakatariswa ne "Kuedza Kuedza" mibvunzo 4-6. Ita zvinyoronyoro: kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kunowirirana zvakanyanya neuwandu hwezvinyadzo zvinotariswa.
5. Hukama huri pakati pe "chinamato" uye yakakosha maitiro ekupindwa muropa (Mibvunzo Yekuyedza Mibvunzo 4-6) inenge isipo (0.07). Ita zvinyoronyoro: maitiro anokonzerwa nemishonga, panzvimbo yekunamata, taurai nezvehutano hwekusvuta. Kutendeseka hakusi chinhu chekuita nehupombwe.  

Hezvino izvo zvakanyatsojeka mhedzisiro mukudzidza kwaGrubbs kungave kwakaita senge:

Chaizvoizvo kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kwakabatana zvine hungwaru nemaawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye zvakanyanya kusimba zvine chekuita nechitendero. Maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira ndeyekufungidzira zvirinani kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kupfuura chitendero. Nei chinamato chine chero hukama nehupombwe kupindwa muropa hachizivikanwe. Inogona kunge iri mhedzisiro yesweden sampuli. Kana ichienzaniswa nevanhu vasiri vechitendero, chikamu chakadzika kwazvo chevanhu vanonamata vanogara vachiona zvinonyadzisira. Zvichida iyi yakamisikidzwa sampuro ye "vanonamata vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira" ine yakakwira yakakwira chikamu chevanhu vane mamiriro akange aripo (OCD, ADHD, kushushikana, bipolar kusagadzikana, nezvimwewo) kana zvemhuri / zvechiberekero zvinowanzo kuve zvine hukama nekupindwa muropa.

Pakupedzisira, a tsvakurudzo (neusati iri Grubbs team) akaongorora hukama pakati pezvinonyadzisira kushandisa uye kugutsikana kwepabonde / kushanda kushandisa CPUI-9. Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti kuwanda kwehupenzi kwakashandiswa kwakanyatsobatana nemibvunzo 1-6 (0.50), asi kwete zvachose yakabatana nemibvunzo 7-9 (0.03). Izvi zvinoreva kuti zviyero zvinonyadzisa zvinoshandiswa ndezvakasimba zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka zvepabonde. Kune rumwe rutivi, kunyadziswa uye mhosva zvaisabatanidzwa nehupenzi kushandiswa, uye zvakanga zvisina chokuita nehutano hwekusvuta.

Zvidzidzo zvinoziva kuti chiyero chekushandisa zvinonyadzisira haisi zvakananga zvakabatana nehutano hwekusvuta

Sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro, huwandu hwehupenzi hunoshandiswa hwakanyanya kutarisana neicho chaicho kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kupfuura chitendero. Izvo zvakati, isu tinofanirwa kugadzirisa kufunga kwaGrubbs kuti maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira akafanana ne "chaiyeiye kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira." Ndokunge, kuti huwandu hwe "chaiyeiye porno inodhakwa" inonyatsoratidzwa ne "maawa azvino einternet kuona zvinonyadzisira," kwete neyakajairwa porn zvinodhaka bvunzo kana ne porn-inosimudzira zviratidzo.

Gomba mune izvi zvinyorwa zvemunyori, izvo zvaunogona kutyaira rori kuburikidza, nderekuti kutsvagisa kwepa internet porn uye internet kupindwa muropa (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) yakashuma iyo inotengesa kushandiswa kwema-sub-types haina kuratirana zvakananga nemaawa ekushandiswa. Muchokwadi, anoshanduka 'maawa ekushandisa' chiyero chisina kuvimbika chekupindwa muropa. Yakagadzwa kupindwa muropa nekuongorora maturusi kuongorora kupindwa muropa uchishandisa zvimwe zvakawanda, zvimwe zvinhu zvinovimbika (senge izvo zvakanyorwa muzvikamu zviviri zvekutanga zveCCUI). Izvi zvinotevera cybersex kupindwa muropa nezvidzidzo, zvakasiiwa naGrubbs, rondedzera hukama hudiki pakati pemaawa uye zvinoratidza kupindwa muropa:

1) Kuona Zvinonyadzisira Mifananidzo paInternet: Basa Rokuita Zvepabonde Arousal Ratings uye Psychological-Psychiatric Symptoms for Kushandisa Internet Sex Sites Zvikuru (2011)

"Mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti kuzvitaurira matambudziko muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwakabatana nemabasa epabonde epamhepo akafanotaurwa nehukama hwehukama hwehukama hwezvinhu zvekuona zvinonyadzisira, kuomarara kwepasirese kwezviratidzo zvepfungwa, uye huwandu hwekushandisa pabonde zvinoshandiswa paunenge uri paInternet nzvimbo dzepabonde muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. , asi nguva inoshandiswa paIndaneti nzvimbo dzepabonde (maminitsi pazuva) haina kunyanya kujekesa kutsanangurwa kwekusiyana pakati peInternet Addiction Test sex score (IATsex). Tinoona zvimwe zvakafanana pakati pekuziva uye nehuropi hunogona kubatsira mukuchengetedza cybersex yakawandisa neavo vanorondedzerwa kune vanhu vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. ”

2) Kuita zvepabonde uye kusagadzikana Kuzvibata Kuronga Kuita zvepabonde paIndaneti Kuita zvepabonde muvarume vanoita zvepabonde (2015)

"Zvakawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaratidza kubatana pakati peCyberSex Addiction (CA) kuomarara uye zviratidzo zvekunakidzwa pabonde, uye kuti kubata nehunhu hwepabonde kwakayananisa hukama pakati pekunakidzwa kwepabonde nezviratidzo zveCA. Mhedzisiro yakaratidza kuwirirana kwakasimba pakati pezviratidzo zveCA uye zviratidzo zvekumutsa pabonde uye kugadzikana pabonde, kurarama nehunhu hwepabonde, uye zviratidzo zvepfungwa. CyberSex Addiction haina kubatanidzwa nemaitiro asina kukodzera zvepabonde uye kwevhiki nevhiki yehutano wepabonde. "

3) Ndezvipi Zvinokosha: Wakawanda Kana Kuti Unhu Hwezvinonyadzisira Unoshandisa? Mafungiro epfungwa uye maitiro ekutsvaga kurapa kwezvinetso Zvinonyadzisira Shandisa (2016)

Maererano neruzivo rwedu rwakanakisisa iyi inyaya ndiyo yekutanga kuongororwa kwemasangano pakati pezvinowanzoita zvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye maitiro chaiwo ekutsvaga kurapwa kwekutambudza kushandiswa kwepabonde (yakaenzana sekushanyira mupfungwa wepfungwa, chiremba wepfungwa kana wehupombwe nekuda kweizvi). Zviwanikwa zvedu zvinoratidza kuti zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi, nekurapa, in iyi munda inofanirwa kuisa pfungwa pamusoro pemigumisiro yekushandisa zvinonyadzisira paupenyu hweumwe (unhu) panzvimbo yehuwandu hwayo (huwandu), sezvo zviratidzo zvisina kunaka zvinoshandiswa nekushandisa zvinonyadzisira (panzvimbo pekushandisa zvinonyadzisira nguva zhinji) ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekurapa -kubata maitiro.

Kuwirirana pakati pePU uye zviratidzo zvisina kunaka zvaive zvakakosha uye zvichitaurirana nehumwe hunoti, hutsika hwekunamata (husina simba, huri pakati pevamwe vasingadi kurapa). Pakati pevanorapwa-vanotsvaga zvechitendero hazvirevi nezviratidzo zvakaipa.

4) Kuongorora Kuwirirana Kwezvinetso Zvinonyadzisira ZvepaIndaneti Shandisa Pakati Pevadzidzi veYunivhesiti (2016)

Dzidzo dzepamusoro pamakemikirwo ehutano hwekushandisa zvinonyadzisira zvepaIndaneti dzakabatanidzwa nezuva nezuva kana kupfuura nguva dzose kushandiswa kweIndaneti. Zvisinei, zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti pakanga pasina kuwirirana zvakananga pakati pehuwandu uye huwandu hwezvinonyadzisira zvemunhu anoshandisa uye kurwisana nekuzvidya mwoyo, kuora mwoyo, uye hupenyu uye kugutsikana kweukama. Kuwirirana kwakakosha nepamusoro pepaIndaneti zvinodhaka zvekutengesa zvikwata zvaisanganisira kutanga kwekutsvaga kwezvinonyadzisira zvepaIndaneti, kusvuta kwemitambo yemavhidhiyo, uye kuva murume. Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zviitiko zvekutengesa kushandiswa kwepaIndaneti zvakanyorwa mumabhuku akapfuura zvigumisiro zvedu hazviratidzi kuti kushanda kwepfungwa kunobatsira kuburikidza nekuenzanisa kana kushandiswa kwemajairiramu ebasa rekutengesa.

5) Kuona Zvinonyadzisira ZvepaIndaneti: Ndeyani Anonetseka, Sei, Uye Sei? (2009)

Chidzidzo ichi chakaongorora kuwandisa kwematambudziko ekuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti kuona, sei kunetseka, uye nzira dzepfungwa dzinoita kuti dambudziko racho rive dambudziko mumuenzaniso wevarume veC84 yezeraji vachishandisa musingazivikanwi mukuongorora kwepanzvimbo. Yakawanikwa kuti inenge 20% -60% yemuenzaniso uyo anoona zvinonyadzisira anoona kuti inonetsa kuburikidza nedunhu rekufarira. Muchidzidzo ichi, kuwanda kwekutarisa kwakanga kusingafungi nezvehutano hwezvinetso zvaiitika.

Nokudaro, kubva pakutanga chidzidzo ichi uye zvido zvayo zvinopera nokuti mhedziso yaro inoramba ichienzanisa kuenzanisa maawa ekushandiswa kwemazuva ano nehuwandu hwekudhakwa / matambudziko / kushushikana kunoratidzwa nenheyo sechiyero chakanaka chokudhakwa.

Sei vatengesi vekupindwa muropa vasingavimbe nemaawa ekushandisa?

Fungidzira kuyedza kuyedza kuvapo kwekupindwa muropa nekungobvunza kuti, "Iwe unopedzera maawa mangani ikozvino uchidya (kupindwa muropa nechikafu)?" kana "Unopedza maawa mangani ekubhejera (kuwedzera kubhejera)?" kana "Unopedza maawa mangani uchinwa (kudhakwa)?" Kuti uratidze kuti zvinonetsa sei "maawa ekushandisa" angave sechiratidzo chekudhakwa, funga doro semuenzaniso:

1. Mumwe murume weChina ane makore gumi nemana weItaly ane tsika yekunwa mabirasi e45 ewaini manheru oga oga nechingwa. Kudya kwake kune mhuri yake yakakura uye zvinotora maawa 2 kuti apedze (mazhinji akawanda yakking). Saka anonwa kwemaawa 3 usiku, 3 awa pavhiki.
2. Mushandi wefekitori ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu anonwa chete pakupera kwevhiki, asi anonwa doro Chishanu neMugovera manheru kusvika pakudarika kana kurwara. Anodemba zviito zvake uye anoda kumira, asi haagone, anotyaira akadhakwa, anorwa, anoita zvechisimba pabonde, nezvimwe. Iye anobva ashandisa Svondo rese kuti apore, uye anonzwa kunge kurara kusvika Chitatu. Nekudaro, aingopedza maawa masere chete pasvondo achinwa.

Ndeupi munwi ane dambudziko? Kushandisa "maawa ekushandisa" pakubhejera kupindwa muropa? Tora ava vaviri vanobhejera;

1. Mudzidzisi wepuraimari wepuraimari anogara muLas Vegas. Iye neshamwari dzake nhatu vanogara vachipedza masikati ezuva masikati pamubhedha vachitamba nickel slot michina uye vhidhiyo-poker kumakasino akasiyana asiri ekuputa. Mushure mezvo vanowanzo dya chisvusvuro paCircusCircus $ 9.99 buffet. Yese kurasikirwa kunogona kuve kwakakwira kunge $ 5.00, asi ivo vanowanzo kupaza kunyange. Yakazara nguva pavhiki - 25 maawa.
2. Mumwe ane makore makumi mana nematatu anemagetsi ane vana vatatu vechidiki, avo vava kugara vega mune seedy motel. Kubheja pamaponi kwakatungamira kurambana, kurasikirwa nemabasa, kubhuroka, kutadza kubhadhara rutsigiro rwevana, uye kurasikirwa nekodzero dzekushanya. Ipo iye achingoshanyira njanji katatu pasvondo, anenge maawa maviri nguva imwe neimwe, kubhejera kwake kwekumanikidza kwakaparadza hupenyu hwake. Haakwanise kumira uye ari kufunga kuzviuraya. Yese nguva yekubhejera pavhiki - maawa matanhatu.

Asi, iwe unoshamisika, zvirokwazvo chiyero chemishonga inoshandiswa chinofanira kufanana nehuwandu hwekudhakwa? Kwete hazvo. Semuenzaniso, mamiriyoni eAmerica ane marwadzo asingagumi vanoshandisa mishonga inonzi opioids (Vicodin, Oxycontin) nguva dzose. Uropi hwavo uye matukisi zvave zvichitarisira mumuviri, uye kupedzisira kushandiswa kwekushandisa zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya zviratidzo. Zvisinei, vashomanana vashoma vanorwara varwere vanodhakwa. Zvinodhaka zvinosanganisira dzakawanda dzakanyatsogadziridzwa uropi hunochinja hunoita kuti zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zviratidzo zvizivikanwe sehutano. (Kana kusiyana kuri pachena, ini ndinokurudzira izvi tsanangudzo yakajeka yaNIDA.) Huzhinji hwevarwere venguva refu vanorwadziwa vanozosiya zvinyorwa zvavo zvinonakidza vachichinjana noupenyu husina urombo hunopedza simba. Izvi zvakasiyana chaizvo nevanokanganisa vechokwadi veopioid avo vanowanzoisa pangozi zvinhu zvose kuti varambe vachiita zvinodhaka.

Kana "nguva dzazvino dzekushandisa" kana "iyo mari yashandiswa" yega haingatiudze kuti ndiani akapindwa muropa uye ndiani asiri. Pane chikonzero nei "kuenderera kwekushandisa kunyangwe zvakakomba mhedzisiro yakaipa" inobatsira nyanzvi kutsanangura kupindwa muropa, uye "ikozvino maawa ekushandisa" haadaro. Rangarira, iyo 3 "Yekuedza Kuedza" CPUI mibvunzo yakaongorora "kusakwanisa kumira kunyangwe zvakakomba zvakashata mhedzisiro." Mune dhata raGrubbs, iyi mibvunzo yaive fungidziro yakasimba ye chaiyeiye porn addiction.

Chinonyanya kukosha: Zvinotaurwa naGrubbs zvinoenderana ne "yazvino maawa ekushandisa" ndiyo chete nzira inoshanda yechokwadi kupindwa muropa. Havasi. Kunyangwe kana maawa ekushandisa anga ari mumiriri wekupindwa muropa, zvidzidzo zveGrubbs zvakazara zvinoratidza kuti "nguva dzazvino dzekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" dzakabatana kwazvo nezvikamu zvese zvePCUI-9 (kureva., "Inoonekwa" kupindwa muropa). Zvinotonyanya kukosha ndezvokuti, "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" anowirirana zvakanyanya neicho chaicho kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira (CPUI mibvunzo 1-6) kupfuura zvazviri mukunamata. Saka mhedziso yaGrubbs zvese ndezvechokwadi uye kwete zvichibva pane iripo muropa sainzi.

"Maawa azvino ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" anosiya akawanda akasiyana

Dambudziko repiri rezvemagadzirirwo nderekuti Grubbs akaongorora mashandisirwo ezvinonyadzisira nekubvunza nyaya nezve "yazvino maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira." Mubvunzo uyu hauna kujeka. Munguva ipi? Chinyorwa chimwe chinogona kunge chiri kufunga kuti "Ndakashandisa marii nezuro?" mumwe "pavhiki yapfuura?" kana "paavhareji kubvira pandakasarudza kurega kutarisa nekuda kwezvinhu zvisingadiwe?" Mhedzisiro iyi data isingaenzaniswe uye haigone kuongororwa nechinangwa chekutora mhedzisiro yakavimbika, ndoda iyo mhedzisiro yakakura, isingatsigirwe Grubbs inotora.

Zvinotonyanya kukosha, iyo "yazvino yekushandisa porn" mubvunzo, pane iyo mhedzisiro yekudzidza inozorora, inokundikana kubvunza nezve akakosha misiyano yekushandisa porn: zera kushandiswa kwakatanga, makore ekushandisa, kunyangwe mushandisi akawedzera kusvika kumhando dzemhando dzezvinonyadzisira kana kuita zvisingatarisirwi porn fetishes , iyo chiyero chekusvirwa ne porn kune ejaculation isina iyo, huwandu hwepabonde nemumwe wako chaiye, zvichingodaro. Mibvunzo iyoyo ingangotivhenekera zvakanyanya nezvekuti ndiani chaizvo ane dambudziko nekushandisa zvinonyadzisira pane kungoti "maawa ekushandisa azvino."

CHIKAMU 3: Chitendero Chiripo Nezve Zvechokwadi Zvinodhaka Zvinonyadzisira Here?

Introduction: Unecdotal uchapupu kubva kune vanoita zvepabonde vanoratidzira kune vatengi ivo nzwa akapindwa muropa nekuona zvinonyadzisira, asi achingozviona nguva nenguva. Zvinogoneka kuti vamwe vevatengi ava vanonamata uye vanonzwa kuve nemhosva uye kunyara kwakakomberedza kwavo kwese kushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Ivo vanhu vari kutambura chete ne "kunoonekwa kupindwa muropa" uye kwete chaiko kupindwa muropa kwepabonde? Zvichida. Izvo zvakati, vanhu ava vanoda kumira asi ivo vachiramba vachishandisa porn. Kunyangwe kana kwete "vashandisi vepabonde vanowanzoitika" vakapindwa muropa kana kungonzwa mhosva uye kunyara, chinhu chimwe ndechechokwadi: iyo Grubbs CPUI haigoni kusiyanisa "kunoonekwa kupindwa muropa" kubva kune chaiko kupindwa muropa mune vanhu ava kana chero mumwe munhu.

Chimwe chikamu chetatu chemibvunzo yeCCUI inotarisa kuora mwoyo uye kunyadziswa, zvichiita kuti zvikamu zvakakwirira zvevanhu vanonamata

Nekuti iyo yekupedzisira 3 yeiyo 9 CPUI mibvunzo inoongorora mhosva, kunyadziswa uye kuzvidemba, vezvitendero vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira 'CPUI zvikoro zvinowanzo kuve zvinokwikwidzwa kumusoro. Semuenzaniso, kana munhu asingatendi kuti kuna Mwari uye muKristu akazvipira aine zvimwe zvakafanana pamibvunzo yeCPUI 1-6, zvinenge zviri chokwadi kuti muKristu anozopedzisira ave nezvikoro zvepamusoro zvakanyanya zveCCUI-9, mushure mekunge mibvunzo 7-9 yawedzerwa.

7. Ndinonyara pashure pokuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti.
8. Ndiri kunzwa ndakaora mwoyo mushure mokuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti.
9. Ndinonzwa ndichirwara mushure mokuona zvinonyadzisira paIndaneti.

Zvakawanikwa naGrubbs ndizvozvo zvinonyadzisira zvechitendero vanozvishandisa vanogona kunzwa vaine mhosva pamusoro pekushandisa zvinonyadzisira (mibvunzo 7-9), asi havasi ivo vanodhakwa (mibvunzo 4-6).

Mukupedzisira, zvese zvatinogona kutora kubva kuzvidzidzo zveGrubbs ndezvekuti vamwe vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vezvitendero vanozvidemba uye kunyadziswa. Hazvishamise ipapo. Sezvo yakadzika kwazvo muzana yevanamati vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira, zvakawanikwa naGrubb hazvitiudzi chinhu nezvevanhu vezvitendero zvavo. Chinhu chinokosha: Grubbs iri kushandisa yakakwenenzverwa sampuro yezvidzidzo zvechitendero - iyo porn inoshandisa vashoma - kutaura kuti kupindwa muropa kwepabonde kune hukama nechitendero.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti bvunzo dzemubvunzo dzeimwe mhando dzekupindwa muropa hadziwanzo kuva nemibvunzo nezve mhosva uye kunyadziswa. Zvirokwazvo, none vanoita chetatu chemibvunzo yavo pamusoro pemhosva uye kunyadziswa. Somuenzaniso, chirongwa che DSM-5 kubva kuneAlcohol Use Disorder rine mibvunzo ye11. Asi hapana imwe yemibvunzo inoongorora kuzvidemba kana mhosva mushure mekunwa doro. Kana iyo DSM-5 Kubhejera kupindwa muropa nemubvunzo ine mubvunzo mumwechete pamusoro pekuzvidemba, mhosva kana kunyadziswa. Asi, ese eaya DSM-5 emibvunzo yekupindwa muropa anosimbisa kusagadzikana maitiro, yakafanana nemibvunzo 4-6 ye CPUI-9:

4. Pane dzimwe nguva, ndinoedza kuronga purogiramu yangu kuitira kuti ndive nekwanisi kuva ndoga kuti ndione zvinonyadzisira.
5. Ndakaramba kuenda neshamwari kana kuenda kumamwe mabasa evanhu kuti ndiwane mukana wekuona zvinonyadzisira.
6. Ndakarega zvinhu zvinokosha pakuona zvinonyadzisira.

Rangarira, CPUI mibvunzo 4-6 inowirirana zvakanyanya neazvino "Maawa Ekushandisa Zvinonyadzisa" kupfuura chero chimwe chinhu (0.44). Kureva kuti "maawa ekushandisa" ndiyo inonyanya kusimbisa mamiriro chaiyeiye kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira mu data yaGrubbs. Kune rimwe divi, mibvunzo 4-6 yaive nehukama hushoma ne "chitendero" (0.07). Zvinoreva kuti chinamato hachina kunyatsoenderana nehupombwe. Hukama hudiki kwazvo pakati pechitendero neicho chaihwo kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira zvinogona kunge zviri nani kutsanangurwa nesampuli yaGrubb uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokurukurwa pazasi.

Religiosity haIYE inofanotaura kutengesa zvepabonde. Hazvina kunyangwe isu.

MuChikamu 2 takaratidza kuti "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" anga akanyanya kuenderana nezvizere CPUI-9 zviyero kupfuura zvechitendero. Kana sekutaura kunoita mutsvakurudzi: "Maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" akafanotaura kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira zviri nani zvishoma pane zvechitendero. Isu takaratidza zvakare kuti kuwirirana pakati pe chaiyeiye zvinonyadzisira (CPUI mibvunzo 4-6) uye Religiosity inonzi 0.07, nepo kuwirirana chaiko kupindwa muropa kwepabonde (CPUI mibvunzo 4-6) uye "maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" yaive 0.44. Kuzviisa nenzira imwe: "Maawa ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira" akafanotaura kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira 600 +% zvakanyanya kusimba kupfuura kuita kwechitendero.

Izvozvo zvakati, Grubbs achiri kuzivisa ukama husina hukama huripo pakati pechitendero uye mhemberero dzomudzvinyiriri mibvunzo 4-6 (0.07). Saizvozvowo Grubbs yakarurama, here kuti chitendero chinofanotaura kupindwa muropa kwepabonde? Aiwa, chitendero hachifanotauri kutengesa zvinodhaka. Zvose zvakasiyana. Vanhu vezvitendero havashoma kushandisa zvinonyadzisira uye zvishoma nezvishoma vanoita zvinonyadzisira.

Zvidzidzo zveGrubbs haana kushandisa rutivi rwechikamu chevanhu vechitendero. Pane kudaro, chete vashandisi vezvino zvinonyadzisira (vechitendero kana vasingatendi) vaibvunzurudzwa. Kunyanya kushandiswa kwezviongorori kunorondedzera zvakaderedzwa mazinga ekushandisa zvinonyadzisira mune zvechitendero kana zvichienzaniswa nevanhu vasiri vechitendero (kudzidza 1, kudzidza 2, kudzidza 3, kudzidza 4, kudzidza 5, kudzidza 6, kudzidza 7, kudzidza 8, kudzidza 9, kudzidza 10, kudzidza 11, kudzidza 12, kudzidza 13, kudzidza 14, kudzidza 15, kudzidza 16, kudzidza 17, kudzidza 18, kudzidza 19, kudzidza 20, kudzidza 21, kudzidza 22, kudzidza 24)

Muenzaniso waGrubbs wevanoshandisa porn vanonamata saka wakatemerwa kune vashoma muzana yevanamati vanoshandisa porn. Taura zvakapusa, religiosity inochengetedza kurwisa zvinodhaka.

Semuenzaniso, iyi yedzidzo ye2011 (The Cyber ​​Pornography Shandisa Inventory: Kufananidza Chitendero uye Chete Muenzaniso) yakarondedzera chikamu chevarume vechitendero uye vekukoroji avo vaishandisa zvinonyadzisira kamwe kamwe pavhiki:

• Pamwe: 54%
• Chitendero: 19%

Chimwe chidzidzo pajijiji yevanhu vechitendero (Ini ndinotenda zvakashata asi ini ndichiri kuzviita - Kufananidza kwevechidiki vechidiki vanoita zvinopesana havashandise zvinonyadzisira, 2010) yakaratidza kuti:

• 65% yevarume vechidiki vanonamata vakaona kusaona zvinonyadzisira mumwedzi yekare ye12
• 8.6% yakaratidza kutarisa mazuva maviri kana matatu pamwedzi
• 8.6% yakataura kuongorora zuva rimwe nerimwe kana rimwe zuva rimwe zuva

Kusiyana neizvi, zvidzidzo zvepakati-chikamu chekoroji-yezera varume vanotaura nezvemazinga akakwirira ekuona zvinonyadzisira (US - 2008: 87%, China - 2012: 86%, Netherlands - 2013 (zera 16) - 73%). Muchidimbu, zvichipiwa kuti ruzhinji rwekoreji-zera, varume vezvinamato havawanzo kuona zvinonyadzisira, sampuro yakanangwa naGrubbs ye "vanonamata vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira" inokanganiswa, nepo sampuro yake ye "vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vepasirese" iri inomiririra.

Iye zvino tinoshanduka kune zvikonzero zvishomanana nei vashandisi vezvitendero zvekunamata vachikwanisa kuverenga zvakanyanya pamibvunzo yekunyadzisira yekunyadzisira.

#1) Chitendero vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira zvinogona kuva nezvikwata zvakakwirira zvemamiriro akambovapo

Zvichipa kuti ruzhinji rwekoroji-yezera, varume vechitendero havawanzoone zvinonyadzisira, the Grubbs and Leonhardt, et al. yakanangwa sampuli ye "vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vezvinamato" vanomiririra vashoma vevanhu vechitendero. Mukupesana, masampula e "vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vepasirese" anowanzo mirira ruzhinji rwevasiri vechitendero.

Vazhinji vechidiki vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira zvechitendero vanoti vanofarira kusatarisa zvinonyadzisira (100% in kudzidza uku). Saka nei vashandisi veizvi vachiona? Zviri zvakanyanya kuti iyo isiri-inomiririra sampuro ye "vanonamata vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira" ine chikamu chakakwirira kwazvo chechidimbu chevagari vese vanotambura nemamiriro anga aripo kana comorbidities. Aya mamiriro anowanzo kuve aripo kune vakapindwa muropa (kureva OCD, kushushikana, kushushikana, kushungurudzika kwevanhu munharaunda, ADHD, nhoroondo dzemhuri yekupindwa muropa, kushungurudzika kwehudiki kana kushungurudzwa pabonde, zvimwe zvinodhaka, nezvimwewo).

Ichi chikonzero choga chinogona kutsanangura kuti sei vanonamata zvinonyadzisa vechitendero, seboka, vachienzanisa zvishoma nepamusoro peGrubbs zvinodhaka zvekunyadzisira. Iyi pfungwa inotsigirwa nezvidzidzo pamusoro kutsvaga kurapwa Kuita zvepabonde / zvepabonde (avo vatinogona kutarisira kuisa chimvuramabwe kubva muchikamu ichocho chisina kukodzera). Vanotsvaka kurapwa vanoratidza kwete ukama pakati pechitendero uye zviyero zvekudhakwa nechitendero (2016 chidzidzo 1, 2016 chidzidzo 2). Dai mhedziso dzaGrubbs dzaive dzechokwadi, isu zvirokwazvo taizoona nhamba isingaenzaniswi yevanoshandisa porn vanonamata vachitsvaga kurapwa. Iyi fungidziro inotsigirwa nezvidzidzo zvekurapwa kutsvaga porn / vepabonde vanopindwa muropa izvo zvinoratidza kusava nehukama pakati pechitendero uye zviyero zvekudhakwa nechitendero (2016 chidzidzo 1, 2016 chidzidzo 2).

#2) Pamusoro pezvinonyadzisira vanoshandisa vanhu vezvitendero kudzokera kune tsika dzechitendero uye chitendero chinova chinokosha zvikuru

ichi 2016 chidzidzo chevanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira zvechitendero yakashuma kusanzwisisika kwekuwana iyo pachayo inogona kutsanangura kuwirirana kweGrubbs kuderera pakati chaiyeiye Kuita zvepabonde zvinodhaka uye chitendero. Ukama huri pakati pehupenzi hunoshandiswa uye hwechitendero ndewekudzivirira. Sezvo kushandiswa kwepabonde kunowedzera, tsika dzechitendero uye kukosha kwechitendero kuderera - kusvika kunongedza. Asi kana munhu wechitendero akatanga kushandisa zvinonyadzisira kamwe chete kana kaviri pasvondo iyi maitiro anozvishandura: Anoshandisa zvinonyadzisira anotanga kuenda kuchechi kazhinji uye kukosha kwechitendero muhupenyu hwake kunowedzera. Chidimbu kubva muchidzidzo:

"Zvisinei, mhedzisiro yezvinonyadzisira yakatanga kushandiswa pakuzopinda misangano yechitendero uye munamato waive munyengeri: Kupinda mumusangano wechitendero uye munamato unodzikira kusvika padanho uye ndokuzowedzera pamwero wakakwirira wekuona zvinonyadzisira."

Iyi girafu, inotorwa kubva muchidzidzo ichi, inofanidza kushumira kwechitendero nehuwandu hwehupenzi hunoshandiswa:

Zvinotaridza senge kuti sevanhu vezvinamato vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira zvinokura kubva mukudzora, vanodzokera kuchinamato senzira yekugadzirisa hunhu hwavo. Izvi hazvishamise, sezvo mazhinji akapindwa muropa nemapoka ekudzora akavakirwa pamatanho gumi nemaviri anosanganisira zvemweya kana zvechitendero. Munyori webepa akataura izvi senge inogona kutsanangurwa:

… Zvidzidzo zvekupindwa muropa zvinoratidza kuti avo vanonzwa vasingabatsiri mukupindwa muropa kwavo vanowanzokumbira rubatsiro runoshamisa. Chokwadi, gumi-nhanho-zvirongwa zvinotsvaga kubatsira vanhu vari kunetseka nezvinodhakwa pese pese zvinosanganisira dzidziso nezvekuzvipira pasimba rakakwirira, uye kuwanda kwenhamba yevaKristu vanochengetedza gumi nemaviri-nhanho zvirongwa zvinoita kuti kubatana uku kunyatsojeka. Zvinogona kunge zviri izvo kuti vanhu vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira pamatanho akanyanya (kureva, shandisa mazinga anogona kunge ari maitiro ekumanikidzwa kana kupindwa muropa) vanonyandurwa kuchinamato nekufamba kwenguva pane kuti vabviswe pairi.

Izvi zvinoshamisa zvevashumiri vezvitendero zvekunamata vachidzokera kukutenda kwavo sechirwere chinotyisa zvinogona kutsanangura nyore nyore kuwirirana kwepakati pezvinoitika zvepabonde zvinodhaka uye zvechitendero.

# 3) Kusiyana nezvidzidzo zvechitendero, zvinonyadzisira zvekunyika zvinoshandisa zvidzidzo zvingasaziva mhedzisiro ye porno nekuti ivo havana kumboedza kurega

Zvinokwanisika here kuti vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vezvitendero vanokwidza kumusoro pamibvunzo yekupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira nekuti ivo vakaedza chaizvo kurega, kusiyana nehama dzekunyika? Mukuita kudaro ivo vangangodaro vanoziva zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvekupindwa muropa kwepabonde sezvakaongororwa ne Leonhardt, et al. 5-chinhu chemibvunzo.

Kubva pamakore ekutarisa maforamu ekuona zvinonyadzisira paInternet, tinokurudzira kuti vaongorori vanofanira kusarudzira vashandisi vakaedza kurega zvinonyadzisira kubva kune vasina, kana muchivabvunza nezvezvinhu zvinoonekwa nekuona zvinonyadzisira. Izvo zvinowanzoitika kuti vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira nhasi (vese vezvitendero uye vasina chitendero) vane nzwisiso shoma yemhedzisiro ye porn porn pavari kusvika pashure vanoedza kusiya (uye kupfuura chero chero kubvisa zviratidzo).

Kazhinji, agnostic vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vanotenda kuti kushandisa zvinonyadzisira hakukuvadze, saka havana chikonzero chekusiya… kudzamara vapinda muzviratidzo zvisinga tsungiririke (pamwe, kunetesa kushungurudzika kwevanhu, kusakwanisa kurara nemunhu waunodanana naye kana kukwira kune zvemukati zvavanowana zvichikanganisa / kuvhiringidza. kana zvakare zvine njodzi). Isati yasvika iyo shanduko, kana iwe ukavabvunza nezve yavo yekushandisa porn, ivo vanozotaura kuti zvese zvakanaka. Ivo pachavo vanofungidzira ivo "vashoma kushandisa," vanogona kurega chero nguva, uye izvo zviratidzo zvavanazvo, kana zviripo, zvinokonzerwa nechimwe chinhu. mumwe. Kunyara? Kwete.

Kusiyana neizvi, vazhinji vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vezvitendero vakanyeverwa kuti kushandiswa kwepabonde kune ngozi. Saka ivo vanowanzove vakashandisa zviduku zvidhori uye vakaedza nokuzvipa, zvichida kanopfuura kamwe. Kuedza kwakadaro nekurega kubvisa zvinonyadzisira kunonyatsojekesa, sezvinoitika apo vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira (vechitendero kana kwete) vanoona:

1. Zvakaoma sei kurega (kana vakapindwa muropa)
2. Kushandiswa kwepabonde kwakavakanganisa sei, zvakashata, zvepabonde uye zvimwe (kazhinji nokuti zviratidzo zvinotanga kumira shure kwekusiya)
3. [Muchiitiko chezviratidzo zvakadaro] Kuregera kunogona kuita zviratidzo zvakanyanya sei kwechinguva, uropi husati hwadzoka
4. Zvinosiririsa sei kana vachida kupa chimwe chinhu uye vasingakwanise (Izvi kunyadziswa, asi kwete hazvo "zvinonyadzisa zvechitendero / zvepabonde" - seizvo vanotsvaga vanofungidzira nekuti vashandisi vezvitendero vanozvitaura kakawanda Vazhinji vese vakapindwa muropa zvinosuwisa vanonzwa kunyadziswa pavanonzwa vasina simba rekusiya, vangave vanonamata.)
5. Kuti vanova nechido chakasimba chekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Kuda kazhinji kunowedzera kuoma nevhiki kana kuti kwenguva refu kubva pakushandisa zvinonyadzisira.

Zviitiko zvakadaro zvinoita kuti avo vakaedza kurega kuregerera zvakanyanya nezvekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Sezvo vazhinji vashandisi vezvitendero vachizowanzoita kuedza kwakadai, zvishandiso zvepfungwa zvicharatidza kuti vanonetsekana nekushandisa kwavo zvinonyadzisira kupfuura vashandisi vasiri vechitendero - kunyangwe zvavo vangangoshandisa zvinonyadzisira zvishoma!

Mune mamwe mazwi, havafanirwe kutsvaga vaongorori zvakare kuti vaone kana vashandisi venyika vanoita zvinonyadzisira dzimwe nguva misperceive Zvinonyadzisa zvinoshandisa sezvisingakuvadzi, pane kungofungidzira kuti ndivo vanhu vechitendero vari kutsausa kuvapo kwezvinetso zvine chekuita nezvehupombwe kunyangwe ivo vari kushandisa zvishoma? Kupindwa muropa, mushure mezvose, haina kuongororwa zvichienderana nekuwanda kana kuwanda kwekushandisa, asi zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro.

Chero zvazvingava, kukundikana kwekuparadzanisa avo vakaedza nekurega kubva kune avo vasina, chinhu chakanyanya kupokana mukutsvakurudza kuedza kugumisa pamusoro pezvinoreva ukama pakati pechitendero, kunyadziswa uye kushandiswa kwepabonde. Zviri nyore kuturikira zvisirizvo data seumboo hwekuti “chitendero zvinoita kuti vanhu vanetseke nezve porno kunyangwe ivo vari kushandisa zvishoma pane vamwe, uye kuti dai vasiri vanamati havaizonetseka. ”

Mhedzisiro inoshanda inogona kunge iri yekuti avo vakaedza kurega, uye vakaona zvibodzwa zviri pamusoro vanonyanya kunetsekana, uye kuti chinamato chinongova chikonzero chekuita kwavo kuedza (uye neimwe nzira zvakanyanya kusakosha). Zvinoodza moyo kuona varapi vepfungwa vachiita kuwirirana kuri nyore nechitendero / zvekunamata uye kutora mhedziso "inonyadzisa", vasingazive kuti vari kuenzanisa "maapuro" ne "maranjisi" pavanofananidza vashandisi vakaedza kurega nevashandisi vasina. Zvakare, ivo chete vekare vanotarisa kuona njodzi uye kushata kwepabonde zvinoshandisa zvakajeka, kana kwete ivo vechitendero.

Izvi zvinopesana zvinowanzotambudzwa nevaya vanoda kutsvaga kubva kune zviratidzo zvakasimba izvo vasiri vashandi vezvitendero vanowanzoona. Vashandi veAgnostic vanowanzova nezviratidzo zvakanyanya panguva iyo do kurega, nekuda kwekuti ivo vanowanzo siya pakadzika pakaderera pakadzika kwezviratidzo kupfuura vanoita zvevanonamata zvinonyadzisira. Nei vaongorori vasiri kudzidza chiitiko ichi?

Muchokwadi, isu taizobheja icho chikamu cheshumba cheavo vane Zvinonyadzisira zvinokonzerwa nepabonde ndezvemagnostics. Sei? Nokuti avo vasiri vechitendero vanowanzovhiringidzwa nekusava nekusava nekutengesa zvinonyadzisira zvepanternet vanoshandisa izvo vanoramba vachishandisa zviri mberi kupfuura zviratidzo zvekunyevera, zvakadai sekuwedzera kushungurudzika kwevanhu, kuwedzera kusvika kune zvinhu zvakanyanya, kusava nehanya, kuoma kwekuzadzisa erection pasina zvinonyadzisira, kuoma kushandisa makondomu kana kuguma nemumwe wako, nezvakadaro.

Icho chokwadi ndechekuti, kunyange chakajairika, kana chisingawanzoitika, kushandiswa kwepabonde kunogona kugadzirisa vamwe vashandisi 'zvepabonde zvekuti zvinokanganisa ivo zvekuita zvepabonde uye hwehukama. Heano nhoroondo yemurume mumwe. Kuwedzera kune zvinyorwa zvepabonde zvakange zvisingambofadzi kana kuzvidzora zvinowanzoitika hafu yevashandisi vepaIndaneti. Muchidimbu, sezvakakurukurwa pamusoro apa, kushandiswa kusinganzwisisiki hakuna marwadzoa. Avo vasingashandisi nguva zhinji asi vanozvidya mwoyo pamusoro pekushandisa kwavo zvinonyadzisira vangave nechikonzero chakanaka chekufunganya kubva pane zvavanoedza, chaizvoizvo kunze kwezvavanonzwa pamusoro pezvinonyadzisa panguva dzechitendero.

Zvingava zviri nani kuvaka sarudzo inobvunza vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira (zvose zvechitendero uye zvimwe) kurega zvinonyadzisira kwekanguva uye kuenzanisa zvakaitika kwavari nekutonga? Maona Bvisa Indaneti Indaneti Zvinonyadzisa Shandisa Kuzarura Migumisiro Yayo nokuda kwekugona kudzidza kudzidza.

#4) Zvikonzero zvehupenyu nei vanobudiswa mukati mevhisi vanoona zvinonyadzisira vachikwanisa kuverenga pamusoro pezvinodhaka zvekupindwa muropa zvepabonde

Kunyanya kushandiswa kwepaIndaneti kushandiswa kwemafirimu kune njodzi dzakajairika kune vakawanda vashandisi vemazuva ano Izvi zvinosanganisira kukura kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakanyanyisa, kurara mune zvepabonde uye kugutsikana kweukama, kukanganisa, uye / kana kupera zvishoma nezvishoma kunokwezva kune vavakaroorana navo (pamwe chete nemaitiro anorgasmia uye asingavimbiki).

Zvishoma zvinyatsozivikanwa ndezvokuti kushandiswa kwepakati mukati (semuenzaniso, maawa 2 ekunyadzisa kunonyanya kuteverwa nemavhiki mashomanana ekudzivisa mushure meimwe purogiramu yepabonde) inokonzera ngozi yakawanda yekudhakwa. Zvikonzero zvipenyu, uye kune muviri wose wekutsvaira zvinodhaka pamusoro kushandisa mukati mhuka uye vanhu vari kuongorora uropi zviitiko zvinotarisirwa.

Somuenzaniso, zvose zviri zviviri chiremba uye marara echukafu zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemukati kunogona kutungamirira nokukurumidza kusvika uropi hunoenderana nehutano hunoshanduka (kunyangwe kana kwete iyo inoshandiswa nemushandisi inopindwa muropa zvakakwana). Pfungwa huru ndeye kukurudzira iyo inoputira mupiro mupiro wepakati nemirairo inobereka zvakaoma kusazvidza zvido. Nekukurudzira, hutachiona hwepfungwa hunobatanidzwa mukukurudzira uye mubhadharo kutsvaga kuva nehutano hwemangariro kana zvinyorwa zvine chokuita nehutano hwekuita. Iyi yakadzika pavlovian conditioning inoguma kuwedzerwa "kushaiwa" kana kuda paunenge uchifarira kana kunakidzwa kubva muchiitiko kunodzikira. Zvimwe, zvakadai sekushandura kombiyuta, kuona pop-up, kana kuti kuva woga, kunokonzera chido chakanyanya chekuona zvinonyadzisira. (Studies reporting reporting sensitization or cue-reactivity in users of porn: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.)

Kunyanya zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti nguva yekurega (masikati 2-4) kutungamirira kuurouroplastic changes izvo hazvisi kuitika mumushandisi asingatori nguva yakadaro yakasununguka. Iko kushanduka muuropi kunowedzera zvido zvekushandisa mukupindura kune zvinokonzera. Uyezve, the stress system changes zvakadai kuti kunyange kunyanya kunetseka kunogona kukonzera zvido zvekushandisa.

Kunyanya kushandiswa (kunyanya mu chimiro chebhadha) inogonawo kubudisa zviratidzo zvekusiya zvakasimba, dzakadai sedzoka, kusuruvara uye chido. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana mumwe munhu achishandisa mushure mekuzvidzivirira, uye binges, inogona kugumbura mushumiri zvakanyanya-zvichida nekuda kwe kuwedzera simba yezvakaitika.

Kubva pakutsvakurudza uku, masayendisiti akagumisa kuti kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva kwekutaura kokeini, doro, midzanga, kana marara echukafu hazvisi kudiwa kuti zvive nehutano hwehutano hwehutano. Kunyanya kuzvidzora kunogona kuita chinhu chimwe chete sekushandisa kusingaperi, uye pane dzimwe nguva zvinodaro zvimwe.

Iye zvino, ngatidzokere kuenzanisi yevanamato vezvitendero nevasingatendi. Iboka ripi rinogona kunge rinosanganisira vashandisi vakawanda vari mukati? Yakapiwa tsvakurudzo inoratidza izvozvo Vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vechitendero havafariri kushandisa zvinonyadzisira, pane dzimwe nguva mune zvechitendero kupfuura vashandisi vepanyika vanobatanidzwa mukuzvidzivirira-kubvisa. Vashandisi vezvitendero vaiwanzova "vashandisi vepakati." Vashandisi vese vanowanzotaura kuti vanowanzoita mapepa kwemazuva mashomanana - kunze kwekuti ivo vanova vashandisi vepakatikati nokuti vari kuedza kurega kushandisa zvinonyadzisira.

Chimwe chiitiko chinokosha chekuzvidzivirira-kurega kubvisa ndeyekuti vashandi vepabonde vanoona zvepabonde vane ruzivo rwakawedzerwa (uye zvinowanzovandudzwa). Vanogona kuona zvakajeka kuti kushandiswa kwavo kwepabonde kwakavabatsira sei, kusiyana nevanoshandisa nguva dzose. Izvi chete zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvikwata zvakakwirira pamusana pezvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Chipiri, chinonyanya kukosha ndeyekuti pakati pevashandi vanoona zvinonyadzisira vachawana nguva dzakawanda dzezviitiko zvechido chakasimba. Chechitatu, kana vashandisi vari pakati pavanopinda mukati, sayenzi inotaurwa pamusoro apa inofanotaura kuti ivo vachawanzwa kunzwa vasingagoni kudzora, uye vanozove nekuwedzerwa kwekudengenyeka mushure mokunge binge. Muchidimbu, vashandisi venguva yakawanda vanogona kunge vakapindwa muropa uye vanonyorera zvinoshamisa pamusoro pepabonde zvinodhaka zvirwere, kunyange zvazvo vari kushandisa zvishoma pane dzimwe hama dzavo dzepanyika.

Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu, nguva isati yasvika kugumisa kuti kunyadziswa kunokonzera musiyano pakati pevashandi vezvitendero nevasingatendi. Vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kutonga nekuda kwekushandiswa kwekushandisa kwemukati. Zvimwe zvakasiyana, kana zvakawanda Leonhardt et al's zvidzidzo zvechitendero zvaisanganisira chikamu chepamusoro chevashandisi vasingapfuuri pane zvidzidzo zvavo zvisiri zvechitendero, mumwe angatarisira kuti vashandi vechitendero vanyore zvakakwirira pamishonga yekunyadzisa pasinei nekushandisa zvishoma.

Zvechokwadi, kushandiswa kwepakati pekushandisa zvinodhaka hazvirevi kune vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira zvechitendero. Ichi chinoshamisa chinoratidzika mumhuka dzemhando uye vashandisi vezvisi zvenyika vanoedza kuregera asi vachiri kungozvinyima nguva nenguva. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti chinoshamisa chekushandiswa kwepakati nepakati nekunyadzisira kwepabonde kunofanira kuongororwa zvakasununguka musati yatora uye kuzivisa mafungiro pamusoro pezvinonyadzisa (kana kuti "anoona" zvinonyadzisira zvinodhaka) seyo chete inogona kutsanangurwa yekuti sei vanonamata zvinonyadzisa vanotaura nezvekunyanya kukanganisa zvikwata muchikwi kushandiswa nguva shoma.

Nhepfenyuro yeChristigiosity uye Porn Shandisa:

1. Chitendero hachifanotauri kutengesa zvinotapira (zvinonyatsoonekwa kana zvimwe). Chimwe chikamu chikuru chevanhu vepanyika vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira.
2. Sezvo chikamu chiduku chiduku chevanhu vechitendero vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira, zvitendero zviri pachena kudzivirira kupikisa zvinonyadzisira.
3. Grubbs and Leonhardt, et al. masampuli akatorwa kubva kune vashoma ve "vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vezvitendero" akavhiringidzwa zvine chekuita nevashandisi vezvitendero, zvingangokonzeresa chikamu chakakwira kwazvo chemuenzaniso wechitendero une comorbidities. Nekuda kweizvozvo vashandisi vezvitendero vezvitendero vane zvishoma zvishoma zvikamu zve porn-zvinodhaka zvinodhaka uye vanotaura kuoma kudzora mashandisiro.
4. Sezvo kushandiswa kwepabonde kunowanzogara kakawanda kana kuti kunomanikidzika, vanonamata zvinonyadzisira vezvitendero vanodzokera kuzvitendero zvavo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti avo vanongororesa zvakanyanya pamusoro pehutano hwekushungurudzwa kwepabonde vachanyorerawo kumusoro pamusoro pechitendero.
5. Vakawanda vanonamata zvinonyadzisira vave vakanyeverwa kuti kushandiswa kwepabonde kune ngozi. Saka ivo vanowanzove vakashandisa zviduku zvidhori uye vakaedza nokuzvipa. Mukuita kudaro ivo vanowanzoziva zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvehutano hwepabonde sezvinoongororwa neGrubss CPUI-9 ye Leonhardt, et al. 5-chinhu chemibvunzo - zvisinei nemhando yekushandisa zvinonyadzisira.
6. Vashandi vanoona zvinonyadzisira vanogona kunyanya kupindwa muropa uye vanonyorera zvinonzwisisika pamusoro pezvinonyadzisira zvinongororwa, kunyange zvazvo vari kushandisa zvishoma pane hama dzavo dzepanyika.

CHIKAMU 4: Grubbs Inoparadzanisa Current State of Addiction Research

Iko kwechokwadi kweinternet zvinonyadzisira kupindwa muropa kunotariswa mune angangoita matatu ezvidzidzo zvaJoshua Grubbs (Grubbs et al., 2015; Bradley et al., 2016; Grubbs et al., 2016.) Mapepa ese ari matatu anokanda padivi makumi emakore eurouropsychological uye kumwe kutsvagisa kwekutsvagisa (uye maturusi ehukama anoenderana) kuyedza kunyengetedza vaverengi kuti zvinyorwa zvesainzi zvinoratidza kuti kupindwa muropa neinternet hakupo (nekudaro kutsigira maGrubbs anoti humbowo hwehupombwe kupindwa muropa kunofanirwa "kunzwisiswa," kwete kwechokwadi).

Zvidzidzo zveGrubbs zvakatsanangurwa kubvisa kusvuta kwepabonde

Mundima dzavo dzekuvhura, zvidzidzo zvitatu zveGrubbs zvataurwa mundima yapfuura zvinoratidza kwavo kusarura kwakasimba nekuisa kwavo kudanwa pamusoro pekusavapo kweinternet kupindwa muropa kwepamhepo pamapepa evanozviti "internet porn zvinodhaka debunkers": David Ley, munyori we Nhema dzepabonde kukanganisa, uye aimbova muUCLA muongorori Nicole Prause, uyo basa rake rave rakatsoropodzwa zvakanyorwa mumabhuku ekurapa weak methodology uye kusingabvumirwi kugadziriswa. Iro mapepa matatu Grubbs anotenda debunk kushaya zvinodhaka:

1. Emperor Haana Zvipfeko: Ongororo yeiyo 'Zvinonyadzisira Kupindwa Muropa' Muenzaniso (2014), naDavid Ley, Nicole Prause & Peter Finn
2. Chishuwo chepabonde, kwete hupombwe, chinopindirana neNeurophysiological Responses Yakarongedzwa nemifananidzo yepabonde (2013), Vaughn R. Steele, Cameron Staley, Timothy Fong, Nicole Prause
3. Kuona Zvepabonde Zvinosanganisirwa neakakura Kuita Zvepabonde, Kwete Erectile Dysfunction (2015), Nicole Prause & Jim Pfaus

Pepu #1 (Ley et al., 2013) is imwe-sided propaganda chidimbu naLey, Prause nevamwe vavo Petro Finn, avo vanoti vaizoongorora zvekutengesa zvinodhaka. Yakanga isiri. Chekutanga, Ley et al. dzakasiya zvese zvakaburitswa zvichiratidza zvakashata kubva mukushandisa zvinonyadzisira nekuda kwekuti ivo "vanongori" hukama. Iwe unoverenga izvo chaizvo. Kechipiri, yakatora-yakasarudzika mitsara, inotsausa kubva mukati meongororo, ichitadza kuudza mhedzisiro yevanotsvaga. Chetatu, Ley et al. yakataura zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakanga zvisingabatsiri kune zvakataurwa. Tinocherechedza izvi izvi zvakasimba zvakasimba, asi zvakanyatsotsigirwa uye zvakanyorwa mune izvi line-by-line critique. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti Ley et al. munyori, Charles Moser, ave kwenguva refu muchengeti weshoko zvekuona zvepabonde uye zvepabonde. Uyewo ziva izvozvo Mamiriro Ehutano Ehutano Hwepabonde ane shoma uye dombo nhoroondo. Yakatanga kuparidzira mu2004, uye yakabva yaenda kune hiatus mu2008, chete iyo inomutswa mu2014, munguva pfupi yekutaura Ley et al.

Pepu #2 (Steele et al., 2013) yakanga iri EEG yekudzidza zvose mune zvenhau seuchapupu pamusoro kuvapo kwehutano hwepabonde. Kwete. Iyi Shanduro yeRPAN inokweretesa rubatsiro kune hupo hwehutano hwekusvuta uye zvinonyadzisira kushandisa pasi-kutonga chido chepabonde. Sei? Chidzidzo chacho chakanyora kuverenga kweEEG yakakwirira (P300) apo hurukuro dzaive dzakanyatsobudiswa pamifananidzo yezvinonyadzisira. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti P300 yakakwirira inowanikwa apo kuvhiringidzika kunowanikwa kune cues (zvakadai semifananidzo) yakabatana nekudhakwa kwavo. Zvisinei, nekuda kwezvikanganiso zvesarudzo izvo zvakawanikwa hazvisimbiswiki: 1) nyaya dzakanga dzisina kufanana (varume, vakadzi, kwete-heterosexuals); 2) nyaya dzaisati dzaongororwa nezvirwere zvepfungwa kana kuti zvinodhaka; 3) kudzidza kwakanga kusina boka rinodzora rekuenzanisa; 4) mibvunzo yakange isina kubvumidzwa nokuda kwehupombwe hwepabonde. Maererano ne Cambridge University uropi hunoongorora zvidzidzo, iyi EEG yekuongorora yakashuma zvakare kukura-kuitika kune zvinonyadzisira zvishoma chido chekuita zvepabonde. Isa imwe nzira, vanhu vane uropi hwekuita nekushuvira zvekuona zvinonyadzisira kunyoresa kuita zvepabonde pane zvepabonde nemunhu chaiye. Mutauriri weChidzidzo Nicole Prause akati avo vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira vaingova ne-libido yakakwirira, asi zvakaguma zvekudzidza zvinotaura zvakanyatsopesana (chido chekuita zvepabonde pamwe chete chakanga chichiderera maererano nekushandisa kwavo kwepabonde). As uye haigoni kuenzaniswa nemisoro yakanyorwa, Grubbs akaenderera mberi akakanganisa mhedzisiro yevanyori vekutanga (iyo "debunkers yehutachiona kupindwa muropa"). Mapepa matanhatu-akaongororwa nevezera rako akaongorora zviri pamutemo Steele et al., 2013 achigumisa kuti zviwanikwa zvaro zvinopindirana nehutano hwemhando yezvinodhaka iyo inoti kuna debunk: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Uyezve ona izvi extensive critique.

Pepu #3 (Kunyengetera & Pfaus 2015) yakabudiswa neGrubbs sehuchapupu hwezvinobudirira zvehupenzi:

… Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinotopa pfungwa zvingangova zvakanaka zvinobatana nekushandisa zvinonyadzisira (Prause & Pfaus, 2015).

Kunyengetera uye Pfaus yakanga isiri yekudzidza chaiyo uye haina kuwana "zvibereko zvakanaka" zvine chokuita nekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Hapana imwe ye data kubva kuPrause & Pfaus (2015) bepa rakafananidza zvidzidzo zvina zvekare zvayakavakirwa. Zvinopesana zvaive zvisiri zvidiki uye hazvina kutsanangurwa. Mhinduro yomutsvakurudzi Richard A. Isenberg MD, yakabudiswa muna Sexual Medicine Open Access, inonongedza akati wandei (asi kwete ese) ezvakapesana, zvikanganiso, uye zvisingatsigirwe zvirevo. Iyo yega yega mhedzisiro mhedzisiro Prause & Pfaus yaiti yaive yakakwira zvishoma "kuzviisa pasi yekumutsa chiyero" mushure mekuona porn mune zvidzidzo vakatarisa zvimwe zvinonyadzisira kumba. Matambudziko akati wandei nechikumbiro ichi:

1. Nzira inowedzera yesayenzi yekududzira izvi zvakasununguka kusiyana ndeyekuti varume vakashandisa huwandu hwepabonde vakawana hukuru chido chekushandisa zvinonyadzisira. Zvinofadza kuti vakanga vasina chido chekuita zvepabonde nemumwe wako uye zvechido chekuita bonhora kunze kweavo vaitora maawa mashomanana vachiona zvinonyadzisira.
2. Kunyengetera & Pfaus haikwanise kunge yakanyatsoongorora nyaya idzi kumutsa nokuti:

• izvo zvidzidzo zveChNUMX zvakashandiswa zvakasiyana siyana zvezvinonyadzisira. Zvidzidzo zviviri zvakashandiswa mufirimu wemaminiti e4, imwe yedzidzo yakashandisa 3-yechipiri firimu, uye imwe dzidzo yakashandiswa ichiri mifananidzo.
• izvo zvidzidzo zveC4 zvakashandiswa zvakasiyana nhamba dzezviyero. Mumwe akashandiswa 0 kusvika ku7, imwe yakashandisa 1 kusvika ku7, uye imwe chidzidzo haina kurondedzera kukonzera zvepabonde kuongororwa.

Richard A. Isenberg MD yakabvunza Prause & Pfaus kuti vatsanangure maitiro avanogona kutora uyu mhedzisiro mukushaikwa kwedata rinotsigira. Hakuna munyori akwanisa kupa mhinduro inonzwisisika.

Zvakaitwa neGrubbs zvisingabvumirwi

Nekuremekedza kusarudzika kwaGrubbs, zvinotonyanya kuudza kuti izvo zvidzidzo zvitatu zvataurwa pamusoro zvinosiya zvese zvehuropi uye neuropsychological kudzidza izvo zvakawana humbowo mukutsigira iyo porn inodhira modhi (pamusoro pe40 akaunganidza pano). Mukuwedzera, Grubbs akasiya 17 ongororo dzichangoburwa dzemabhuku & zvinyorwa yemabhuku ezvinonyadzisira uye zvekuita zvepabonde (mune imwecheteyo runyorwa). Zvizhinji zvezviongororwa izvi uye ongororo ndezvevamwe vezvemhando yepamusoro masayendisiti paYale University, Cambridge University, University of Duisburg-Essen, uye Max Planck Institute. (Zvimwe zveizvi zvainge zvisati zvaburitswa pakadzidzwa naGrubbs kudhinda, asi mazhinji aive, uye akangoregeredzwa.)

Kusiyana nevatsvakurudzi vakakurumbira vaLey na Prause. Ley haana ruzivo muurourocience uye haana kushuma chinhu kusvikira Ley et al., 2014. Prause haasati asanganiswa neyunivhesiti kubva Zvita, 2014, uye naiye zvinodaro kumukomberedza 2 EEG zvidzidzo zvakaramba dzichirumbidzwa muzvinyorwa zvepamusoro-soro (kuongorora 2015: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.; 2013 kudzidza: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.)

Tinogona kufungidzira kuti kubvuma kuvapo kwe 40 yetsinga dzedzidzo uye 18 ongororo yezvinyorwa & zvinyorwa zvinotsigira iyo inodhakwa modhi modhi yaigona kudzora zvakadzama tsananguro yaGrubbs yekuti kupindwa muropa kwepabonde….

“Ine chekuita nezvechitendero uye hunhu maererano nezvebonde. Muchidimbu, anoti, "Zvinonyadzisa."

Kana "kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisa kuri kungonyadzisa" Grubbs anotsanangura sei kubvisa huwandu huri kuwedzera hwezvidzidzo zvetsinga izvo zvakawana shanduko yehuropi mune vanonetsekana vanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira zvinoenderana nezvinodhaka? Zvaigona sei kunyadziswa itai iyo ubongo humwe hunochinja izvo zvinoitika nekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka? Uchapupu hwekunyara hungaratidza sei kuvapo kwekupindwa muropa muhuropi kuratidza humbowo hwekupindwa muropa? Hazvigone.

(zvose zvechitendero uye zvimwe) kurega zvinonyadzisira kwekanguva uye kuenzanisa zvakaitika kwavari nekutonga? Maona Bvisa Indaneti Indaneti Zvinonyadzisa Shandisa Kuzarura Migumisiro Yayo nokuda kwekugona kudzidza kudzidza.

• Uyezve ona: Critique ye: "Zvinhu Zvakakuvara: Kuona kweZvinyadzisira Kupindwa muropa seMurevereri Pakati peKutendeseka uye Ukama Kushushikana Kwakakomberedza Zvinonyadzisira Shandisa" (Leonhardt, Willoughby, & Young-Petersen 2017)