Iko kutenda kwakajairika uye kukanganisa kuti kukanganisa kunofanana ne "kukuvadza" kuuropi, kana kuti zvinodhaka ndezve kunokonzerwa ne "kukanganisa" kuuropi. Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvinodhaka (meth, doro) zvinogona kuva neurotoxic, kupindwa muropa kunokonzerwa nekamwe boka rekushanduka kwehuropi izvo zvisingatauri se "utano hwehuropi". Debunking the kukanganisa semishonga meme, chikakananda (chakaunzwa kuburikidza nefodya) chinoonekwa nevamwe sechinhu chinonyanya kupindwa muropa, asi nicotine inowedzera huropi uye ine zvimwe zvinobatsira zvehutano ("zvakanyanya kupindwa muropa" zvinoreva kuti chikamu chikuru chevashandisi vanozopedzisira vava kupindwa muropa). Ona zvinyorwa nezve nicotine zvingabatsire: Nicotine: Bongo Isingafungidziri Kuwedzera Zvinodhaka.
Zvinodhaka ndezvekuti a kusagadzikana kwekudzidza & ndangariro - mune izvo zvakawanda (asi kwete zvese) kupindwa muropa-kwakakonzera shanduko dzehuropi dzinoshandisa nzira dzakafanana sekubatanidzwa mukudzidza nekurangarira: Dhiyabhorosi seChidzidzo chekudzidza. Izvozvo zvakati, huropi hunoshandura sekuita zvekunyengera kana kusazvibata kunogona kusanganisira kushandura kwete kwete pasi pemazimbera yekudzidza (kurasikirwa kwemafuro, kupera simba kwemetabolism, kuderera kwehutano hwehutano).
Kupindwa muropa nevatsvakurudzi vanobvuma kuti avo vanovandudza hunhu hwehunhu vanoona shanduko yehuropi yakafanana neaya ane zvinodhaka. Izvi hazvireve kuti yega yega maseru uye biochemical shanduko yakafanana chaizvo kune wese munhu akapindwa muropa. Pane kudaro, zvinoreva kuti zvese zvinodhaka mugove zvishomanana uropi hunokanganisa. Iro hukuru hunhu hunochinja hunobatanidzwa kune zvose zvinodhaka uye zvinodhaka, sezvinotsanangurwa mune ino pepa rakabudiswa gore rino The New England Journal of Medicine: "Neurobiologic Kufambira mberi kubva muBurin Disease Model of Addiction (2016)". Iyi ongororo yakatarwa neMutungamiriri weNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) George F. Koob, uye mutungamiriri weNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Nora D. Volkow, kwete chete inotaura nezvekuchinja kwehuropi kunobatanidzwa mukudhakwa, inoratidzawo mundima yaro yokutanga iyo inodhaka yekuita zvepabonde iripo:
"Tinopedzisa kuti neuroscience inoramba ichitsigira chirwere cheuropi chirwere chekudhakwa. Ongororo yeNeuroscience munharaunda ino haisi chete inopa mikana mitsva yekudzivirira uye kurapwa kwezvinodhaka zvinokonzerwa nemishonga pamwe nemafungiro ehutano akafanana (semuenzaniso, kuzvokudya, pabonde, uye kubhejera) .... "
Muzvinyorwa, uye zvakanyanyisa, mazwi ehutano hunokosha-hunokonzerwa nehuropi huri: 1) Sensitization, 2) Desensitization, 3) Dysfunctional prefrontal circuits (kunyengedzera), 4) Dysfunctional stress circuits. Zvose 4 zvekuchinja kwehuropi idzi dzakaratidzwa pakati 50 neuroscience-yakavakirwa zvidzidzo pane vanogara vachishandisa porn & vanoita zvepabonde:
- Sensitization (cue-reactivity & zvishuwo): Maseru ehuropi anobatanidzwa mukukurudzira uye mubairo kutsvaga kuva nehunhu-kutaridzika kune ndangariro kana zvirevo zvine hukama nehunhu hwekuita. Izvi zvinoguma kuwedzera "kushaiwa" kana kuchiva kana uchida kana kufara kunopera. Somuenzaniso, zvinyorwa, zvakadai sekushandura kombiyuta, kuona pop-up, kana kuva ari oga, kunotyisa zvakaoma kukurumidza kuchengeta zvido zvekuona zvinonyadzisira. Vamwe vanotsanangura kushushikana kwekushushikana kwepabonde se "kupinda mumugwagwa unongova chete unopukunyuka: porn '. Zvichida unonzwa uchikurumidza, kukurumidza kutsungirira mwoyo, kunyange kutinhira, uye zvose zvaunogona kufunga nezvazvo kuisa pane yako yaunoda tube site. Studies inorondedzera kukurudzirwa kana kuti kugadzirisa-reactivity muvanoshandisa zvinonyadzisira: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.
- Desensitization (yakaderedza mubayiro wekunzwisisa): Izvi zvinosanganisira kwenguva yakareba makemikari uye shanduko dzinochinja dzinosiya munhu wacho kunyanya kufunga nezvekufara. Desensitization inowanzo kuratidza sekutsungirira, chinova chikonzero chedosi yepamusoro kana kukurudzira kukuru kuti uwane mhinduro imwechete. Vamwe vashandisi vezvepabonde vanopedza nguva yakawanda online, vachirebesa zvikamu kuburikidza nekumisikidza, kutarisa pavanenge vasina kuita bonhora, kana kutsvaga vhidhiyo yakakwana yekuguma nayo. Kushushikana kunogona zvakare kutora fomu yekukwira kune mamwe marudzi, dzimwe nguva akaomarara uye mutorwa, kana kutokanganisa. Rangarira: kuvhunduka, kushamisika kana kushushikana kunogona kuvhara dopamine. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoshandisa izwi rekuti "kugara," izvo zvinogona kusanganisira nzira dzekufunda kana nzira dzekupindwa muropa. Zvidzidzo zvekuzivisa kushushikana kana kugara muvanoshandisa porn / vanoita zvepabonde: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
- Dysfunctional prefrontal circuits (kushaya simba kwekusimba + hyper-reactivity kune cues): Shanduko mukushanda kwekutanga uye kubatana pakati penzvimbo yemubairo uye neremberi lobe zvinotungamira mukudzora kushushikana kwekutonga, asi zvishuwo zvakakura zvekushandisa. Dysfunctional prefrontal circuits inoratidza sekunzwa kuti zvikamu zviviri zvehuropi hwako zviri kuita tug-ye-yehondo. Iyo inokurudzirwa kupindwa muropa kwenzira dziri kudanidzira 'Hongu!' nepo 'uropi hwako hwepamusoro' huri kuti, 'Kwete, kwete futi!' Nepo zvikamu zvekutonga-zvekutonga zvehuropi hwako zviri mune isina kusimba mamiriro ekujairira nzira dzinowanzohwina. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidzira "kusava nehanya" kana kushandura chiitiko chekutanga muvanoshandisa porn: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17.
- Dysfunctional stress circuits - izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa kunyangwe kushushikana kudiki kunotungamira mukuchiva uye kudzokazve nekuti kunogonesa nzira dzakasimba dzakasimudzirwa. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidzira kusagadzikana kushushikana mhinduro muvanoshandisa porn / vanoita zvepabonde: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Ndizvo here chete huro hunochinja? Kwete. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi zvakakura-zvinokonzera zvinoratidza huwandu hwakawanda zvinodhaka-zvine chokuita nesero uye makemikari kuchinja-Sekungofanana nekutariswa kwecancer bundu kwaisazoratidzira kwakabatana kunoonekera maseru / makemikari shanduko. Mazhinji ekuchinja kusinganzwisisike haakwanise kuongororwa mumamodeli evanhu nekuda kwekukanganisa kwehunyanzvi hunodiwa. Nekudaro, ivo vakaonekwa mumhando dzemhuka (ona uno Kurume, 2018 op-ed nemusoro weNIDA, Nora D. Volkow Inorevei Apo Patinodana Kudhakwa Kwepfungwa Chirwere Chepfungwa?).
Sensitization inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo shanduko yehuropi inoshanduka, sezvo ichiita kuti uichive, chero "iyo" iri, uye inosanganisira ingangoita zvakafanana nzira seyepakutanga mamiriro ekurara. Tarisa - Ubongo Hwokuyaruka Hunosangana neHostspeed Internet Porn (2013), iri maererano nezvehutano hwepabonde kuburikidza neinternet porn panguva yekuyaruka. Muchokwadi, iyo Cambridge yunivhesiti uropi hutsva kudzidza (uye 20 vamwe mukati urongwa urwu) akawana kukurudzirwa (guru cue reactivity kana kuda) mukumanikidzira vashandisi vezvinosanganisa.
Izvo zvakati, mushonga wega wega unokanganisa muviri, uye zvinodhaka zvinogona kuchinja huropi munzira idzo hunodhakwa hunhu husingaite. Mukuwedzera, zvinodhaka zvakadai sekodineine uye meth zvinomutsa dopamine yakakwirira kwazvo (pakutanga) kupfuura mazinga anowanikwa nemubairo wepanyama. Zvinokwanisika kuti zvinodhaka, nekuda kwehuturu hwazvo, zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kusingaperi kune dopamine masystem, ayo ekuzvibata kupindwa muropa asingaite.
Ndosaka zvisiri izvo kana mawebhusaiti kana maspika akataura izvozvo Inzenza yepaIndaneti yakafanana nemeth kana crack cocaine. Kufanana kwakadai kunoita kuti vanhu vafunge kuti iko kushandiswa kwepabonde kunogona kukonzera kukuvara sekushandisa kwemeth. Kune vamwe, kurova kupindwa muropa nezvinonyadzisira kunogona kunge kwakaoma pane kurova kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, asi izvi hazviratidze kuti zvinokonzeresa kukuvara kwetsinga. Iko kunetsekana pakupedza kupindwa muropa kunogona kungoenderana neyakaenzana neshanduko yeurouroplastic inokonzerwa nekushandisa.
Kunyanya kutsamwisa ndevaya vanoti hunhu hwekuzvibata haugone kuvapo, kana kuti ivo "kumanikidza," asi kwete zvinodhaka zvechokwadi. Kutaura kwakadaro hakuna hwaro hwesainzi, nekuti iyo imwechete mamorekuru switch inokonzeresa hunhu uye makemikari kupindwa muropa. Iyo tenzi switch iyo inokonzeresa-zvine chekuita nekuchinja-zvine chekuita neshanduko ipuroteni DeltaFosB. High mazinga ekudyiwa kwe zvipo zvepanyama (pabonde, shuga, high-fat) kana kusingaperi kushandiswa kwechinenge chero chirwere chero chipi zvacho chekushungurudzwa kunokonzera DeltaFosB kuunganidza mumugwagwa wemubairo.
Addiction neuroplasticity inogona kupfupiswa se: kupfuurira kushandiswa → DeltaFosB → kushandiswa kwemajeni → kuchinja mumashandisirwo emasikirwo → kukurudzirwa uye kushushikana. (Ona The Addicted Brain kune mamwe mashoko.) Zvinoratidzika izvozvo uropi hunoenderana nehutano hunozoguma huchitungamirira kurasikirwa nevakuru vakuru (unyengeri) uye kuchinja kushandiswa kwekunetseka, zvimwe zvakakosha zvekudhakwa.
DeltaFosB's chinangwa chokushanduka-shanduka ndechokukurudzira isu "kuitora apo kuwana kuri kwakanaka!" Iyo binge mashandiro e chikafu uye Kubereka, iyo yakashanda zvakanaka mune dzimwe nguva uye mamiriro ezvinhu. Mazuva ano anoita zvinodhakwa marara echukafu uye zvinonyadzisira zvepaIndaneti sezviri nyore se1-2-3.
Cherechedza kuti zvinodhaka zvinokonzera kukanganisa nekuti zvinokurudzira kana kudzivisa nzira ikozvino kune nzvimbo yezvipo zvepanyama. Ndicho chikonzero nei America Society of Addiction Medicine unambiguously anotaura kuti zvokudya uye zvinodhaka zvepabonde ndezvokwadi yekudhakwa.
Sensitization yekudhakwa nzira ndeimwe kuchinja kwehuropi izvo zvinogona kuramba zviri mumishonga pamwe nemitemo. Mukutaura kwakajeka, idzi nzira dzinomiririra zviyeuchidzo zvakasimba, izvo zvinoita kuti zvigadziriswe, kuvhara muchengeti wemubairo, uye saizvozvo zvido.
Kukurudzira kuchapera nekufamba kwenguva here? Eric Nestler anofunga kudaro. Anoita tsvakiridzo yakawanda pamusoro penzira dzehuropi dzekupindwa muropa. Heino Q&A kubva kune yake webhusaiti. Akanyanya kudzidza DeltaFosB, protein uye transcript factor (zvichireva kuti inodzora mashandiro emageneti) ataurwa pamusoro.
09. Ko kuchinja muuropi yako kunogona kushandurwa here?
A. “Hapana humbowo hwekuti shanduko muhuropi inoenderana nekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka ndeyechigarire. Asi, tinotenda kuti shanduko idzi dzinogona kudzoserwa, kunyangwe izvi zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba, kazhinji makore mazhinji uye kudzoka kunoda "kuregedza" yakawanda yetsika dzakaipa (kumanikidzwa) kunoenderana nekudhakwa. "
Asi shanduko dzinowanzo sara kune imwe nguva isingazivikanwe yenguva. Zviripachena kuti DeltaFosB inoungana panguva yepamusoro-yakajairwa mazinga ekudya uye zvepabonde. Isu tinoshamisika kana shanduko dzakanaka dzinodzoreredza vashandisi ve porno kazhinji dzinoona pamasvondo e4-8 dzingave dzakabatana nekudzikira muDeltaFosB.
Kubva pane chinyorwa chinonzi "Iyo Inofadza Nheyo" mukati sainzi magazini:
Nestler nevamwe vake vawana imwechete mamorekuru inoita kunge yakanangana nekudhakwa, zvakadaro. Protein, inonzi [DELTA] -FosB, inovaka munzira yemubairo mushure mekuratidzwa kakawanda kumishonga uye kunamira kwenguva yakareba kupfuura mamwe mapuroteni - kwenguva yakareba se4 kusvika kumavhiki matanhatu mushure mekupedzisira muyero. Protein inowedzera kunzwisiswa kwemhuka kuzvinodhaka uye inogona zvakare kukonzera kudzoka kana ikabaiwa jekiseni.
DeltaFosB inowedzerawo muzvipembenene zvinopindwa nemhepo inotyisa (a behavioral addiction pedyo nekumanikidzira kushandiswa kwepabonde).
Mubvunzo ndewokuti, "Kuunganidzwa kweDeltaFosB kunokonzera shanduko mu majini-Iyo inomira yakatenderedza kwenguva yakareba kupfuura iyo DeltaFosB pachayo? Kunyangwe 'zvachose' mune mamwe mauropi? Kana zvirizvo, shanduko idzi dzinoitika zvakanyanya nemishonga uye kwete nekuwedzeredza mibairo yemusikirwo seinternet porn?
Vakawanda vanokanganisa zvinodhaka vanodzoka uye vanozopedzisira vararame upenyu vasina zvido. Zvisinei, kana avo vakadzingwa vakadaro vaishandiswa mushonga wavo wekusarudza mune mamiriro ezvinhu aanobatana nawo nekushandiswa kwayo, vangani vaizozvinyengera, kana kuti vangave vanodhakwa zvakare? Ndiani anoziva?
Zviri pachena, kuvhiringidzika dzimwe nguva vanodzokera shure mushure mokunge varega. Imwe pfungwa ndeyokuti ubongo hwavo hunosimudzirwa zvachose (neDeltaFosB) kuti iite zvekudhakwa, uye kuzarura kunogadzirisa nzira idzi dzakare. Pasi pemuenzaniso uyu, uropi hwave husingaperi akachinjwa, asi "kukuvara" rinogona kunge rakanyanya kusimba izwi. Mumwe aimbova muropa wepabonde anogona kukurudzirwa (anogona kudzokazve) kune zvinonyadzisira kana zvimwe zvakabatana uye angangoda kugara kure ne porn. Pasina nguva. Asi ungati uropi hwake here damaged? Aihwa.
Chikamu chinotevera chinobva kune rimwe remapepa aNestler, uye anoratidza kuti DeltaFosB rimwe zuva ingangoshandiswa sebio-mucherechedzo wezinga rekupindwa muropa uye kupora.
Kana iyi fungidziro iri yechokwadi, inomutsa mukana unonakidza wekuti mazinga eAFosB mune nucleus accumbens kana zvimwe dzimwe nzvimbo dzehuropi dzinogona kushandiswa sechiomarker kuongorora mamiriro ekumisikidza kwemubairo wedunhu wedunhu, pamwe nedanho rekuti munhu i'akapindwa muropa ', zvese panguva yekuvandudza kwekupindwa muropa uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvichipera panguva yekuregedza kurapwa kana kurapwa. Iko kushandiswa kweAFosB sechiratidzo chenyika yekupindwa muropa kwakaratidzirwa mumhando dzemhuka. Mhuka dzevechiri kuyaruka dzinoratidza kwakanyanya kuiswa kweAFosB uchienzaniswa nemhuka dzakura, zvinoenderana nehukuru hwavo hwekusagadzikana kwekupindwa muropa.
Cherechedza kuti vechidiki vanoratidza zvakawanda zvakanyanya kuunganidza DeltaFosB. (Izvo zvinowedzerawo mapeji epamusoro ekudopamine.) Kutanga zvinonyadzisira zveInternet pazera remakore 11-12 ndiyo inenge yakaipa mamiriro ezvinhu emuviri hwedu.
Uyezve ona Sei kuchiva (kukurumidza) kuchiri kukonzerwa mushure mekugadziridzazve?
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