Ubunzima Bantu Bakhelwe Ukuwa Luthando (2010)

Gqiba: Inkcaso ngqo kwi Ngesondo Ngomhla: Abantu bathembeke ngakumbi ngokwesondo kwaye banengqondo enye yendlela omnye afuna ngayo ukusenza sikholelwe. Bona: "Intsomi Yendoda Ebhadulayo Nenamaqhinga. ”

Yintoni eyona nto ehlazileyo yakho ithetha ukuthatha ubomi bakho bothando?

Amaphupha omtshatoUkuziphatha komntu kuyahluka kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaphiko, sichaphazeleka kakhulu yinkcubeko, inkolo, ukukhuliswa kosapho, njalo njalo. Ngenxa yoko, kusengqiqweni ukugqiba kwelokuba umtshato wethu womntu otshate naye yedwa ufanelekile ngokwenkcubeko kwaye awuyiyo eyethuku. (Kwelinye icala, kubonakala ngathi siyayamkela into yokuba utyekelo lokuziphatha gwenxa lufakelwe ezingqondweni zethu.)

Ngapha koko, sikho iprogram ukudibanisa amaqhina-kanye njengoko simiselwe ukongeza amanqaku kwiibhanti zethu. Ngokwenkqubo, ndithetha ukuba iingqondo zethu zimiselwe ukuze sizibandakanye kwezi ndlela zokuziphatha sinomqobo osezantsi wokurhwebesheka kunokuba besinokwenza ngenye indlela. Zombini ezi nkqubo zisebenza kwimfuza yethu, njengoko kunjalo nengxwabangxwaba phakathi kwazo. Umzekelo, kwi-avareji, sihlala ixesha elide sisondelelene ukuthandwa ngumntwana, ngubani ke oxhamlayo kubanonopheli ababini. Emva koko sinokukhula ngokulula singazoli kwaye sifune iinoveli zohlobo lwelinye iqabane. Uphando lwase-Italiya, umzekelo, ityhila ukuba i-racy yethu ye "honeymoon neurochemistry" ngesiqhelo uyalila kude kuphele iminyaka emibini.

Ukubhangqa ngababini ayisiyondlela nje yokufunda. Ukuba bekungekho izihlanganisi ze-neural emva kwale ndlela yokuziphatha, akuyi kubakho ukuwa okungakumbi kuthando kunye nokubhangqa kwiindawo ezininzi zenkcubeko. Isisongelo sokuqhawula umtshato sibini sakhiwe ngaphakathi kwaye silinde ukuba sisebenze, kakhulu njengenkqubo ehlanganisa iintsana kunye nabanonopheli. Ngapha koko, ezi nkqubo zimbini ziphakama ngokugqobhoza amalungu engqondo aze asebenzise iihemochemicals ezifanayo Impembelelo yeCoolidge (olo tyekelo lokuziqhelanisa neqabane lokwabelana ngesondo eliqhelekileyo kwaye ulangazelele inoveli enye) ikwayinkqubo. Inyani yokuba ezi nkqubo zihlala zilawulana ayitshintshi inyani yokuba zombini zinempembelelo kuthi.

Naxa sigqogqa utyekelo olunje ngezi, ziyagcwala. Ke kunjalo, amaqabane kufuneka rhoqo aqaqambe amazinyo ukuba akhetha ukuhlala ethembekile ebusweni bezinyanzeliso zokulandela amaqabane enoveli. Kwaye uninzi lwabantu luzele yiminqweno enamandla yomzali kunye nomntwana, nokuba bakhetha ukungabi nabantwana. Ngumama onqabileyo ongazihlanganisiyo nabantwana bakhe (nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba, umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuphazamisane ne-neurochemistry yakhe). Ngokufanayo, abantu banokukhetha ukungaze bazibandakanye kwisondo kunye ne-orgasm, kodwa amaqela e-neurons adibeneyo akulungele ukubanika amava anamandla ukuba ayakwenza.

Kwakhona, iinkqubo ezinjalo zikhona ngenxa ye ukwakhiwa komzimba kwingqondo—Ngakumbi ezo zibumba “i umvuzo wesiphaluka. ” Oomatshini basebenze ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-neurochemical called dopamine ("Ndinayo!" neurochemical). Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuthandana, isondo, ukukhulisa umntwana, kwaye uhlala ulandela iqabane lenoveli yonke irejista njenge kunomvuzo.

Ngaphandle kwalo mvuzo we-neurochemical, ii-bonders azizikhathazi ngokudibanisa iibhondi. Baza kuhlala kwinkqubo yesiqhelo, yokuziphatha gwenxa kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo, ukulandela ICT imivuzo. Ngokwembonakalo, kukho ubungqina bokusebenza kwengqondo obahlukileyo ngaphakathi ii-voes ezinomtshato wesibini (ngokuthelekiswa ne-non-pair-bonding varier). Kwaye kukho idatha ebonisa umsebenzi ofanayo wobuchopho kwipranti yokuqinisa isibini. Bona: Izinto ezihambelana nemeko-bume yokubhanqa kwisibini esinomtsalane. Nangona kufuneka uphando olongezelelekileyo, inokuba izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezibini (ngokungafaniyo neebhonobos ezingadibanisi-zibini, umzekelo) zabelana ngokuhambelana kwe-neural: i-neural network, uhlobo lwe-receptor kunye nee-neurotransmitters ezithile, njl.njl. Ubume bebhayoloji [yokubopha] mhlawumbi buya kufana ebantwini nasezilwanyaneni kuba ngumsebenzi osisiseko. ”

Ngelixa zonke izilwanyana ezanyisayo zifumana umvuzo wesini, izibini ziyabhalisa iqabane ngalinye njengemivuzo. Ngenxa yenkqubo efihlakeleyo yokuqhawula umtshato, ubuchopho bethu buye bakhanyisela. Kwaye iintliziyo zethu ziba buhlungu xa sahlukaniswa nesithandwa sethu. I-voil-bonding voles, nayo, bonisa iimpawu zepeyinti xa uhlukane neqabane.

Ngaba ufuna ubungqina obungakumbi? Cinga ngomsindo we-hellish ovelayo xa similiselwe umntu omtsha. Inkomo, kwelinye icala, ayinantlonelo ukuba inkunzi yenkomo leyo eyamthambisa izolo yenza umsebenzi wayo nommelwane wayo namhlanje. Ukuphulukana nezinto ezifunekayo ezihambelana nemvelo, akangomntu wesibini.

Iziyobisi ezingamanyala zinokuphazamisana nenkqubo yethu yobuthathaka bokubambisaKutheni le nto kufuneka sikhathalele ukuba singababopheleli?

Ngenxa yento yokuba umnqweno wokutshintsha amaqabane uhlala ubeka ngaphezulu kutyekelo lokuzibophelela, akufuneki na ukuba siqhubeke ukunika le nkqubo ukungathembeki ingqalelo encinci? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Nangona umnqweno wethu wokudibanisa isibini ngokucacileyo awusosiqinisekiso sokuhlala ngolonwabo ngonaphakade kunye nesithandwa, ukuqonda okungcono kwayo kunokunika imikhondo ebalulekileyo yolwaneliseko kubudlelwane, kunye nokuba sempilweni ngakumbi. Asazi baye Ukuhambelana ne-ajenda yethu yokuthambekisa.

Makhe siqwalasele ezinye zezinto ezihoywa kule nkqubo:

Okokuqala, sisenokuba sivela kumgca omde wamakhoboka amabini. Iziphumo zamva nje zibonisa ukuba ukunamathela kwisibini kunokuba yinto eyahlukileyo yenkcubeko. Ukufunyanwa komntu othe nkqo I-Ardipithecus (I-4.4 yezigidi zeminyaka ubudala) kuthetha ukuba umgca wethu kunye nomgca we-chimp wahlulwe kwakudala. Abanye abaphengululi bathi: I-Ardipithecus Amadoda nabasetyhini babelingana nobukhulu obufanayo, kwaye iisampulu azinawo amazinyo amakhulu abukhali e-canine, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhuphiswano olunobundlongondlongo, oluhlala lubundlobongela phakathi kwamadoda kubafazi kushushu olubonisa iigorila kunye neetshimpanzi zazingekho.

le nako Cebisa ukuba amadoda aqala ukungena kubudlelwane obunyanzelekileyo bodwa kunye nabasetyhini-ngokunokwenzeka bechitha ixesha elininzi lokuthwala ukutya (okuya kuthanda ukuhamba ngemilenze yomibini) bekhathalela abantwana babo abancinci kunangaphambili kookhokho babo bangaphambili. Bona: Ngaba Abantu Abangaphambili Baqala Ukuhamba Ngezocansi?  Ngamafutshane, iitshimpanzi ze-bonobo ezibonisa amanyala, izalamane zethu ezihlala kufutshane, azisondelani kangako. Njengamakhoboka angabatshati, banokuncinci ekusifundiseni ngobomi obunothando.

Okwesibini, isibini esitshatileyo esonwabisayo sinika abantu imvakalelo enzulu, ekhuthaza ezempilo. Xa abaphandi belinganisa izinto zokonwaba, iirejista zebhanti ezanelisekileyo njengezona zibaluleke kakhulu ukumisela ulonwabo. Oku kunokuba ngumsebenzi we-wiring ye-bonder yethu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuchukumisa okufudumeleyo nokuthuthuzelayo phakathi kwabatshatayo kubonakala ngathi khusela yempilo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Ukwanda kokuthintana okufudumeleyo phakathi kwabantu abatshatileyo kunefuthe elihle kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezibonisa uxinzelelo. ”

Ukunxibelelana okungathandekiyo phakathi kwabantu abatshatileyo Ubhaptizo zonxibelelwano olufanayo nolonwabisayo oludibanisa iintsana kunye nabanonopheli. Amanqaku amaninzi athandwayo agxininisa ukuba i-orgasm ihlala izisa amaqabane. Ukanti loo ngcinga ayijonganga ukuba sinentambo yokuxhamla ekudibaneni nasekusondeleni ngokwabo, ngokwahlukileyo ngaphandle kokuba i-orgasm yenzeka. Ukungacaci kule nqaku kunokwenza ukuhlala eluthandweni kungabi nzima kunokuba besicinga.

Emva koko siza kujonga Ukuba semngciphekweni okunokubangela ukungasebenzi kwamakhoboka amabini.

* [[Ukusuka kuSomlomo Isishwankathelo sentetho ka-Larry Young, i-PhD enesihloko esithi, "Neurobiology of Social Bonding and Monogamy"]

Ii-Prairie voles, njengabantu, zinoluntu kakhulu kwaye zenza ubudlelwane bexesha elide phakathi kwamaqabane. Oku kuchasene neepesenti ze-95 zazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo, ezingabonakali zikwazile ukwakha ubudlelwane obuhlala ixesha elide phakathi kwamaqabane. Izifundo ezivavanya ubuchopho kunye neendlela zemfuza ezingaphantsi kwesiqinisekiso sokudibanisa izibini zivelise indima ebalulekileyo yeekhemikhali ezimbalwa eziphambili kwingqondo ekusekeni ubudlelwane boluntu. I-Oxetocin kunye ne-vasopressin zibonakalisa ukugxila kwengqondo kwengqondo kwimiqondiso yentlalo kwindalo. Ngexesha lokudalwa kwebhondi, ezi khemikhali zinxibelelana nenkqubo yomvuzo wobuchopho (umz. I-dopamine) ukuseka umanyano phakathi kweendlela zentlalo neqabane kunye nembuyekezo yokuncancisa. Ke kutheni ezinye iintlobo zinakho ukwenza imidibaniso yentlalo ngelixa ezinye zingenjalo? Uphando lokuthelekisa ubuchopho bezilwanyana ezithandekayo nezingaxhamliyo lubonisa ukuba yindawo yokwamkela izinto eziphendula i-oxetocin kunye ne-vasopressin egqiba ukuba umntu othile uya kuba nakho ukubopha. Umzekelo, ii-voogamous male prairie voles zinee-receptors eziphezulu ze-vasopressin receptors kwiziko lemivuzo ye-ventral forebrain ekwabandakanyeka kulo. Ii-voles ezingekho monogamous meadow ziyasilela ii-receptors apho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ii-receptors zifakwe kweli ziko lembuyekezo kwindawo engeyiyo monogamous meadow vole, la madoda ngequbuliso aphuhlisa amandla okwenza amaqhina. Olu phononongo lukwacebisa ukuba ukubhanqa kwabelwana ngeendlela ezininzi zobuchopho obufana neziyobisi. Izifundo zofuzo ziveze ukuba ukulandelelana kwe-DNA kwi-gene encodor ye-vasopressin receptor kuchaphazela inqanaba le-receptor expression kwimimandla ethile yobuchopho kwaye ichaze amathuba okuba indoda iya kudala ubuhlobo kunye nentokazi.

Izifundo zamva nje ebantwini ziveze ukufana okumangalisayo kwindima ye-oxytocin kunye ne-vasopressin kulawulo lokuqonda kunye nokuziphatha kwindalo nakwindoda. Umahluko kulandelelwano lwe-DNA ye-vasopressin receptor gene inxulunyaniswa nokwahluka kumanqanaba obulunga bobudlelwane bezothando. Ebantwini, ukuhanjiswa kwe-intranasal ye-oxytocin kukonyusa ukuthembana, kukonyusa ukujonga emehlweni, kukonyusa uvelwano kwaye kuphucule ukufunda okuqiniswe eluntwini. Ewe kuyabonakala ukuba ukuvuselela inkqubo ye-oxytocin ebantwini yonyusa ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kwimiba yentlalo kwindalo esingqongileyo….