Eli phepha lichaza inkqubo ebone i-Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder yamkelwe nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi kwi-ICD-11. Jonga emazantsi ephepha amaphepha axoxa ngohlelo lweCSBD.
Iziyobisi ezingamanyala ziyafunyaniswa kusetyenziswa i-WHO's Diagnostic Manual (ICD-11)
Njengoko uvile, kwi-2013 ngabahleli be I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), ebonisa uluhlu lwempilo yengqondo, enqatshelwe ukufaka ingxaki ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Hypersexual Disorder." Ukuxilongwa okunjalo kuye kwaye kwasetyenziswa ukuxilonga izilingo zokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo. Iingcali zithi ukuba oku kubangele iingxaki ezinkulu kulabo bahluphekileyo:
Ukukhutshwa oku kuye kwaphazamisa ukukhusela, ukuphanda, kunye nonyango, kunye nabakliniki abashiya ngaphandle kokuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni kwintlungu yokuziphatha ngokwesondo.
Umbutho wezeMpilo weMhlaba ukuhlangula
The World Health Organization ipapasha incwadi yayo yokuxilonga, eyaziwa ngokuba yiyo Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe (ICD), eziquka iikhowudi zokuxilonga kuzo zonke izifo eziyaziwayo, kuquka ukukhathazeka kwezempilo yengqondo. Isetyenziswa emhlabeni wonke, kwaye iphapashwa phantsi kwe-copyright evulekile.
Ngoko kutheni iDSM isetyenziswa kakhulu eMelika? I-APA ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-DSM esikhundleni se-ICD ngenxa yokuba I-APA ifumana izigidi zeedola ukuthengisa izinto eziphathekayo eziphathelene ne-DSM. Kwenye indawo kwihlabathi, ke, ininzi iingcali zithembele kwi-ICD yamahhala. Enyanisweni, iinombolo zekhowudi kwiincwadi zombini zihambelana ne-ICD.
Uhlelo olulandelayo lwe-ICD, i-ICD-11, yamkelwa ngoMeyi, 2019, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe iya kusasazwa ngokwesizwe. Nalu ulwimi lokugqibela.
Nantsi isicatshulwa soxilongo:
6C72 Inkinga yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ibonakala ngepateni eqhubekayo yokungaphumeleli ukulawula iimpembelelo zesondo ezibukhali, eziphindaphindayo okanye iminqweno ekhokelela ekuphindaphindweni kokuziphatha ngokwesondo. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya izenzo zokwabelana ngesondo eziphindaphindwayo zibe yeyona nto iphambili kubomi bomntu ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokutyeshela impilo kunye nokhathalelo lomntu okanye eminye imidla, imisebenzi kunye noxanduva; iinzame ezininzi ezingaphumelelanga zokunciphisa ngokubonakalayo ukuphindaphinda ukuziphatha ngokwesondo; kunye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo ngokwesondo ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi okanye ukufumana ukwaneliseka okuncinci okanye akukho nto kuyo. Ipatheni yokusilela ukulawula okubukhali, iimpembelelo zesini okanye izibongozo kunye nesiphumo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo okuphindaphindayo kubonakaliswa ixesha elide (umzekelo, iinyanga ze-6 okanye ngaphezulu), kwaye kubangela uxinzelelo oluphawulweyo okanye ukonakala okubonakalayo kobuqu, usapho, intlalontle, imfundo, umsebenzi, okanye ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza. Uxinzelelo olunxulumene ngokupheleleyo nezigwebo zokuziphatha kunye nokungavunyelwa malunga neempembelelo zesini, izibongozo, okanye ukuziphatha akwanele ukuhlangabezana nale mfuneko.
Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo (ezifunekayo):
Ipateni ethe gqolo yokusilela ukulawula iminqweno yesondo eqatha, ephinda-phindayo okanye iminqweno ekhokelela kuphindaphindo lokuziphatha ngokwesondo, ebonakaliswa kwenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuphinda-phinda ukuziphatha ngokwesondo kube yeyona nto iphambili kubomi bomntu ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokutyeshela impilo kunye nokhathalelo lomntu okanye eminye imidla, imisebenzi kunye noxanduva.
- Umntu wenze iinzame ezininzi ezingaphumelelanga zokulawula okanye ukunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuziphindaphinda ukuziphatha ngokwesondo.
- Umntu uyaqhubeka ebandakanyeka ekuziphatheni ngokwesondo okuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi (umzekelo, ukungquzulana komtshato ngenxa yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, imiphumo yemali okanye yezomthetho, impembelelo embi kwimpilo).
- Umntu uyaqhubeka ebandakanyeka kwisenzo sesondo esiphindaphindayo nangona umntu efumana ukwaneliseka okuncinci okanye akukho nto kuyo.
Ipatheni yokungaphumeleli ukulawula iimpembelelo zesondo ezibukhali, eziphindaphindiweyo okanye izibongozo kunye nesiphumo sokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo ngokwesondo kubonakaliswa kwixesha elide (umzekelo, iinyanga ze-6 okanye ngaphezulu).
Ipatheni yokusilela ukulawula impembelelo yesondo ebukhali, ephindaphindayo okanye iminqweno kunye nesiphumo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo okuphindaphindayo ayibalelwa ngcono yenye ingxaki yengqondo (umz., Isiqendu seManic) okanye enye imeko yezonyango kwaye ayibangelwa yimpembelelo yento okanye iyeza.
Ipateni yokuphindaphinda ukuziphatha ngokwesondo kubangela unxunguphalo oluphawulweyo okanye umonakalo omkhulu kumntu, usapho, intlalontle, imfundo, umsebenzi, okanye kwezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza. Uxinzelelo olunxulumene ngokupheleleyo nezigwebo zokuziphatha kunye nokungavunyelwa malunga neempembelelo zesini, izibongozo, okanye ukuziphatha akwanele ukuhlangabezana nale mfuneko.
Entsha “Inkinga yokuziphatha ngokwesondo” (CSBD) ukuxilongwa kunceda abantu ukuba bafumane unyango kunye nokunceda abaphandi baphande ngokunyanzeliswa kokusetyenziswa koonografi. Nangona kunjalo, le ntsimi yezopolitiko kangangokuba ezinye iingcali ngesondo ziye zaqhubeka nephulo labo lokukhanyela ukuba ukuxilongwa kugubungela ukusetyenziswa kwe-pornography. Oku kodwa kukruthakruthwano lwamva nje kwi iphulo elide kakhulu. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga neenzame zamva nje, bona Abapropagand bawaphikisa amaxwebhu ahlaziywe ngontanga kunye neempawu zokukhangela ze-ICD-11 ukunika ibango lobuxoki lokuba i-WHO ye-ICD-11 "inqabile ukutshabalala kwezilonda kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini".
Ngo-2022, i-ICD-11 yazama ukuphelisa iinzame zepropaganda eziqhutywa yi-ajenda ngokuhlaziya “Iimpawu zeeKliniki ezongezelelweyo” icandelo elichaza “ukusetyenziswa kwephonografi” ngokuthe ngqo.
I-Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder inokubonakaliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha, kuquka ukuziphatha ngokwesondo nabanye, ukuphulula amalungu esini, ukusetyenziswa kwephonografi, i-cybersex (i-intanethi ye-intanethi), ukwabelana ngesondo ngomnxeba, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphindaphinda ukuziphatha ngokwesondo.
Okwangoku, i-ICD-11 iye yamkele indlela yokulondoloza, yokulinda kwaye ibone kwaye ibeke i-CSBD kwicandelo elithi "Impulse control disorders" (kulapho ukugembula kwaqala khona ngaphambi kokuba kuhanjiswe kwicandelo elibizwa ngokuthi "Iziphazamiso ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye ukuziphatha okukhobokisayo.” Uphando olongezelelweyo luya kuqinisekisa indawo yayo yokugqibela yokuphumla. (Okwangoku, i-DSM elawulwa yi-Sexology ihlaziywe ngaphandle kokubandakanya i-CSBD kwaphela! Iyothusayo.
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano yezemfundo ikwinqanaba eliphezulu, njengoko ubona emazantsi eli phepha. Iingcali ze-neuroscientists kunye neengcali zokulutha ziqhubeka nesayensi yazo esisiseko esekwe kutshintsho lwengqondo oluqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iziyobisi (ukuziphatha kunye neziyobisi). Iingcali zesondo ziyaqhubeka nokukhusela i-superficial, zihlala ziqhutywa yi-ajenda ("i-porn ayinakuze ibe yingxaki") uphando kunye nemigudu ye-propaganda.
Iindlela ezingummiselo
Iintaba zophando zibonisa ukuba umlutha wokuziphatha (utywala, ngcakazo, yokudlala ividiyo, Umlutha we-Intanethi kwaye umlutha wezobisi) kunye nezidakamizwa zeziyobisi zibandakanya ezininzi ezifanayo iindlela eziphambili khokela kwi ukuqokelela ukuguqulwa okwabiwo kwi-anatomy yengqondo kunye ne-chemistry.
Ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yesayensi yamva nje, ukugxekwa kwemodeli yokuziphatha ngokwesondo kuya kusiba kungabikho siseko kwaye kuphelelwe lixesha (kwaye akukho zifundo eziye zanyanzelela umzekelo wezilwanyana ezixhatshazwayo). Ukuxhasa imodeli yoxhatshazo, kukho ngoku ngaphezu kwezifundo ze-neurological ze-60 kubasebenzisi be-porn / abasebenzisa isondo. Ngaphandle kokunye kuphela, babonisa utshintsho lobuchopho olubonisa ezo zenzeka kwiziyobisi (kunye uninzi lophononongo olusekwe kwi-neuroscience kuncwadi). Ukwengeza, Izifundo ezininzi zixela iziphumo ezihambelana nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn (ukunyamezela), ukuhlala kwi-porn, kunye neempawu zokuyeka. -Zizo zonke izalathiso eziphambili zokulutha.
Imiba yoMsebenzi
I-ICD ixhaswa nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi. NgokweNjongo ye-ICD, “Ivumela ihlabathi ukuba lithelekise kwaye labelane ngolwazi lwezempilo lisebenzisa ulwimi olufanayo. I-ICD ichaza indalo yonke yezifo, ukuphazamiseka, ukulimala kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo ezinxulumene nazo. La maqumrhu adweliswe ngendlela ebanzi ukuze yonke into igutyungelwe.” (UMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, i-2018). Ngoko ke, injongo kukugubungela zonke iingxaki zempilo ezisemthethweni, ukuze ikwazi ukulandelelwa ize ifundwe ehlabathini lonke.
Bonke oogqirha (iingcali zengqondo, iingcali zempilo yengqondo, iingcali zengqondo zeklinikhi, ababoneleli bonyango lokulutha kunye nabo basebenza kuthintelo) bathanda kakhulu ukuxilongwa kwe-ICD ye-CSBD.
Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba kukho ezinye iindlela zokufundisa. Abaninzi abangengabo oogqirha, umzekelo, bane-ajenda yabo. Basenokuba neentshukumisa ezingqubanayo nokufumana izigulane uncedo abalufunayo, kwaye maxa wambi baba namazwi angxolayo kumaphephandaba. Amaqela ngamanye amaxesha awela kolu didi olungelulo olonyango lunokufumaneka kumajelo eendaba enzululwazi yezengqondo, amashishini emidlalo kunye namanyala (kunye nabaphandi bawo), izazi ngezentlalo, ezinye izazi ngesondo, kunye nabaphandi beendaba.
Kuqhelekile ukuba imizi-mveliso emikhulu ihlawule “iinkokeli zengcinga” abagcini bomsebenzi ukuba bathethe bexhasa izikhundla angathanda ukuba loo mizi mveliso ibe/ ihlale ingumgaqo-nkqubo. Ke, njengoko ufunda amanqaku kushicilelo oluqhelekileyo, hlala ukhumbula ukuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa zinokuba neenjongo ezahluke kakhulu. Kububulumko ukubuza ukuba ngaba naziphi na iinjongo zesithethi ziqhubela phambili impilo-ntle yoluntu, okanye ziyonakalisa intlalo-ntle yabantu.
Ingxoxo yoHlelo: Amaphepha malunga nendlela engcono yokuhlela i-CSBD kwi-ICD-11 (kunye nezicatshulwa ezivela kwabanye):
Isinyanzelo sokuZiphatha ngokweSondo akufuneki sihlelwe ngokuthembela kuphela kumacandelo/impawu ezineempawu • Inkcazo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano: "Ukuziphatha kakubi kwi-ICD-11" (2022)
Ngokuhambelana neendlela zangoku ekucingeni indlela yokuziphatha ekhobokisayo (umz., UBrand et al., 2019; Perales et al., 2020), sixoxa ukuba ukuqwalasela imbono esekwe kwinkqubo kuya kunceda ukucacisa ukuba ingaba i-CSBD inokuthi iqondwe kakuhle na ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sokulutha.
Kweli phepha lamagqabaza, kuxoxwe ngalo ukuba i-Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) ihlelwe kakuhle njenge-Impulse Control Disorder, i-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder okanye ekukhanyeni ukugqithiswa kweempawu kunye ne-Gaming kunye ne-Gambling Disorder njengendlela yokuziphatha ekhobokisayo. Iimpawu ezihambelanayo zezi: ukulahleka kolawulo kwindlela yokuziphatha egqithisileyo, ukunika ingqwalaselo ephambili kwindlela yokuziphatha egqithisileyo ephantsi kophando kunye nokugcina ukuziphatha okunjalo ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi. Ngaphandle kobungqina obubambekayo malunga neendlela ezisisiseko, i-phenomenology ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhleleni ngokuchanekileyo i-CSBD. Imiba ye-phenomenological ye-CSBD ngokucacileyo ithetha ngokuthanda yokuhlela i-CSBD phantsi kwesambulela sokuziphatha okuluthayo.
ukongeza kwindima ye inkuthazo zokuqinisa ezimbi ukuba UGola et al. (2022) chaza njengendlela ephambili ekuphuhlisweni kwe-CSBD, ngokweklinikhi, ubuncinane ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yophuhliso efana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. inkuthazo zokomelezwa ezilungileyo zihlala zibaluleke kakhulu. Oku kutshintsha ngexesha lophuhliso4. Umzobo 1 Ibonisa ukuba oku kunokukhokelela njani kwimpawu “zokukhobokisa” ezinemiba yokungabinamdla, ukunyanzeliswa, kunye nokuba likhoboka.
Ngelixa i-Brand kunye noogxa bethu bejolise ekubeni iithiyori kunye neendlela ezisisiseko sokuziphatha okukhobokisayo ziyasebenza kwiziyobisi ezicetywayo zokuziphatha zinengqondo ngokupheleleyo, sinokulindela kwaye kufuneka sikhuthaze ingxoxo malunga nobume obuchanekileyo bemikhwa kunye neendlela zokulutha…
..ixabiso lendlela ehambelanayo yempilo yengqondo yoluntu ekusebenziseni iziyobisi kunye neemeko ezinxulumene nokukhobokisa kubaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni ingozi. Apho izifundo ezisuka emsebenzini kwiindlela zempilo yengqondo yoluntu kukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka kokungcakaza, zihambelana nezinye izikhobokisi ezicetywayo zokuziphatha, oku kunokuba sisizathu esibalulekileyo sokubandakanywa kwabo phantsi kwale rubrikhi.
Le nkcazo ihlola isiphakamiso esenziwe nguBrand et al. (2022) malunga nesakhelo esichaza imigaqo efanelekileyo yokuqwalasela umlutha wokuziphatha onokubakho kuluhlu lwangoku lweWorld Health Organisation's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) 'yezinye iziphazamiso ezichaziweyo ngenxa yendlela yokuziphatha ekhobokisayo'. Siyavumelana nesakhelo njengoko sigxininisa imbono yeklinikhi efuna ukuhlelwa okuvunyelweneyo kunye neendlela zokuvelisa iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokuxilonga kunye nonyango olusebenzayo. Ukongeza, sicebisa ukongeza imfuno yokuqonda indlela yokuziphatha enokubakho ngokubandakanya inqanaba lesine lenqanaba lemetha: 'ubungqina boncwadi olungwevu'.
Ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa kukuziphatha okukhobokisayo: Eminye imiba, iingxoxo-mpikiswano, kunye neempikiswano • Inkcazo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano: "Ukuziphatha kakubi kwi-ICD-11" (2022)
Ukuhlelwa okuchasanayo, i-nomenclature, kunye neendlela zokuxilonga ze-Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) kunye nezalathiso zexesha elizayo • Inkcazo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano: "Ukuziphatha kakubi kwi-ICD-11 (2022)
Iimbono zempilo yengqondo kunye nesondo ye-International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) i-Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder • Inkcazo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano: "Iziyobisi zokuziphatha kwi-ICD-11" (2022)
Ngaba kufuneka ukuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo (CSB) kuthathwe njengomlutha wokuziphatha? Iphepha lengxoxo-mpikiswano linikezela ngoluvo oluchasayo (2022)
Iikhrayitheriya zokusekwa komlutha omtsha wokuziphatha • Inkcazo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano: "Iziyobisi zokuziphatha kwi-ICD-11"(2022)
Uvavanyo lwengxaki yokuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo phakathi kwabasetyhini, abathandana nabasetyhini, abathandana nesini esinye, abatshintshe isini, kunye nabaxumi bezesondo • Uluvo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano: “Iziyobisi zokuziphatha kwi-ICD-11” (2022)
Iziphazamiso ngenxa yendlela yokuziphatha ekhobokisayo: Eminye imiba, iingxoxo-mpikiswano, kunye neempikiswano
Iimbono zempilo yengqondo kunye neyesondo yoLwahlulo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweZifo (ICD-11) i-Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (ngabakhanyeli bomlutha)
Uhlaziyo. Jonga ezi nqaku ze-2 ngokunye:
;
