Ngomhla we-18 kaJuni 2018, ababhali be-International Classification of Diseases, i-11th Uhlaziyo, ukhuphe ushicilelo lweendaba olubhengeza ukuba inguqulelo yokuphunyezwa kwe-ICD-11 ezayo ngoku iyafumaneka kwi-Intanethi. Yayibandakanya i-Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder okokuqala ngqa (unxibelelwano kwinqaku lokuqala).
- Ushicilelo lweendaba lunokubonwa kwindawo ye-WHO Apha. Ukwenzela lula, siyivelise kwakhona ngokupheleleyo ngezantsi.
- Ushicilelo lwe-ICD-11 lukhankanya ukongezwa kwemidlalo njengengxaki yempilo yengqondo, kunye nendlela ukungangqinelani ngokwesini ngoku kwahlulwahlulwa.
- Iya ungakhankanyi esinye isifo esitsha: "Inkinga yokuziphatha ngokwesondo”ebonakala kwi”Impulse control disorders”.
- "IAmanqaku okukhululwa” phantsi koxilongo ngalunye luquka le ngxelo: "Isakhiwo sekhowudi ye-ICD-11 MMS izinzile."
- Nantsi isicatshulwa sokugqibela sokuxilongwa kwe "Compulsive Sexual behaviour disorder".:
Ukuqondwa
Ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo [6C72], ekugqibeleni inika abaqeqeshi bezempilo ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni, okubonakalayo kokungakwazi ukulawula indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi. Okwenyani ukuphunyezwa kweekhowudi ezintsha kwahluka kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba iingcali zezempilo zehlabathi zivumile ukuba isinyanzelo sokuziphatha ngokwesondo sifanele ukuxilongwa. Ligama leambrela elibanzi elinokusetyenziswa kuye nabani na ohlangabezana nemigaqo yalo. "Ukuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo" kukwabizwa ngokuba "likhoboka lezesondo okanye ubuni obugqithisileyo" ngokutsho kwengcali yoxilongo uJon E. Grant, JD, MD, MPH Psychiatry yangoku (NgoFebruwari 2018: p.3). Uxilongo olutsha lwe-CSBD lunokusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga abo baneempawu ezingamanyala ze-intanethi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa.
Ngaphezulu kwe-80% yabantu abanokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo babika ngokugqithisileyo okanye ingxaki yokusetyenziswa koonografi.
"Ukusetyenziswa kwephonografi okunengxaki kunokumela ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kokulalana (ekwabizwa ngokuba kukunyanzelwa ngokwesondo, umlutha wesondo okanye ukuziphatha okugqithisileyo ngokwesondo kuncwadi - Kafka, 2010; Karila et al., 2014; Wéry & Billieux, 2017) kuba kwizifundo ezininzi ngaphezu kwe-80% yabantu abane-hypersexuality baye babika ngokugqithisileyo / ingxaki yokusetyenziswa koonografi (Kafka, 2010; Reid et al., 2012) ". (Bőthe et al. 2018: 2)
Iincwadana zokuxilonga ezifana nee-WHO Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe (ICD-11) kunye ne-American Psychiatry Association's Incwadana yokuHlola kunye neStatistical yeMpilo yeNgqondo (DSM-5) musa ukubhala iimeko zempilo yengqondo njenge "Addictions" ngeseshini nganye. Bakhetha "Isiphene."
Ukuxilongwa "kokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo" kuvela kwipatheni yokungaphumeleli ukulawula okubukhali, iimpembelelo zesondo okanye iminqweno, okukhokelela ekuphindaphindeni ukuziphatha ngokwesondo ngexesha elide (umzekelo, iinyanga ze-6 okanye ngaphezulu).
Ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-CSBD
Abagxeki bokuqala babenenkxalabo yokuba naluphi na uxilongo olusemthethweni luya kusetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abancinci ngokwesondo kunye neendlela ezizezinye zezesondo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlangabezana neendlela zokuxilonga ze-CSBD, ukuziphatha okuyingxaki kufuneka kubangele uxinzelelo oluphawulweyo oluqhubekayo okanye umonakalo omkhulu kumntu, usapho, intlalontle, imfundo, umsebenzi, okanye ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuxilongwa okutsha akuxilonga izigulane ngokusekelwe Intoni indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo abazibandakanya kuyo ngokukhululekileyo. Ixilonga izigulana ngokusekelwe kuthintelo oluzingileyo kunye nonxunguphalo. Ukuba ukuziphatha ngokwesondo, naluphi na uhlobo oluthathayo, kubangela ukuba zombini, ukuxilongwa okutsha akuyi kusebenza.
Abanye abagxeki balumkisa ukuba ukuxilongwa kwe-CSBD kunokubangela ukuxilongwa ngempazamo zizigulane eziziphatha kakubi, eneneni, zinyanzelekile, kunye noxinzelelo lwabo ngenxa yesigwebo sokuziphatha sisigulana okanye ingcali. Ukuthintela iziphumo ezinjalo, ukuxilongwa okutsha kubonelela ukuba, "Uxinzelelo olunxulumene ngokupheleleyo nezigwebo zokuziphatha kunye nokungavunyelwa malunga neempembelelo zesini, izibongozo, okanye ukuziphatha akwanele." Ngamanye amazwi, isigulana kufuneka singakwazi ukulawula iimpembelelo kwaye sizibandakanye ekuphindaphindeni ukuziphatha ngokwesondo okuye kwaba yingxaki.
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano yeeNcwadana zokuHlola
Kubekho iingxoxo ezininzi ngokukhokelela ekupapashweni koluhlu olutsha kwi-ICD-11. Ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo (ekubhekiselwa kuko ekusebenzeni njengokuphazamiseka kwe-hypersexual) kwaqwalaselwa ukuba kufakwe kwi-DSM-5 kodwa ekugqibeleni kukhutshiwe. Ngokutsho kweengcali ze-neuroscientists ezikhokelayo, "Oku kukhutshwa kuthintele uthintelo, uphando, kunye neenzame zonyango, kwaye kushiye abezonyango ngaphandle kokuxilongwa ngokusesikweni kwengxaki yokuziphatha ngokwesondo." (Potenza et al. 2017)
Okwangoku, udidi lwabazali lokuxilongwa kwe-CSBD entsha yi-Impulse Control Disorders, ebandakanya ukuxilongwa okufana ne-Pyromania [6C70], i-Kleptomania [6C71] kunye ne-Intermittent Explosive Disorder [6C73]. Nangona kunjalo amathandabuzo asele malunga nodidi olufanelekileyo. Njengoko isazi ngengqondo saseYale uMarc Potenza MD PhD kunye noMateusz Gola PhD, umphandi kwiPolish Academy of Sciences kunye neYunivesithi yaseCalifornia San Diego wathi, "Isindululo sangoku sokuhlela ingxaki ye-CSB njengengxaki yokulawula impembelelo iyaphikisana njengezinye iimodeli Kukho idatha ecebisa ukuba i-CSB yabelane ngezinto ezininzi kunye neziyobisi. (Kraus et al 2018)
Kusenokufaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-ICD-11 ibandakanya ukuxilongwa kwe-Gambling Disorder phantsi kokuphazamiseka kokubili ngenxa ye-Addictive Behaviors naphantsi kwe-Impulse Control Disorders. Ke ngoko, ukuhlelwa kokuphazamiseka akufuneki kuhlale kubodwa (Bőthe et al. 2018:2). Ukuhlelwa kwakhona kunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. I-Gambling Disorder ekuqaleni yahlelwa njengengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwi-DSM-IV kunye ne-ICD-10, kodwa ngokusekelwe kwinkqubela phambili ekuqondeni okunamandla, i-Gambling Disorder iye yahlelwa kwakhona njenge "I-Substance-Related and Addictive Disorder" (DSM-5) kwaye "Ingxaki ngenxa yendlela yokuziphatha enxilisayo" (ICD-11). Kungenzeka ukuba olu xilongo lutsha lwe-CSBD lunokulandela ikhosi yophuhliso efana ne-Gambling Disorder.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba le ngxoxo ikhula njani ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukubandakanywa kwangoku kwe-CSBD kwi-ICD-11 kunika ukwamkelwa kunye nokwamkelwa okuyimfuneko ukuba kukho abantu abafuna ungenelelo olusebenzayo lweklinikhi ukubanceda baxoxisane ngcono ngokuziphatha kwabo ngokwesondo kunye nemiphumo yayo. Iza kuququzelela uphando olufunekayo kwixesha elizayo malunga nokuziphatha okunengxaki ngokwesondo.
"Kuya kufaneleka ukuqwalasela indlela i-DSM kunye ne-International Classification of Diseases (ICD) esebenza ngayo ngokubhekiselele kwiinkcazo kunye neenkqubo zokuhlela. Ngokwenza njalo, sicinga ukuba kufanelekile ukugxila kwingxaki yokungcakaza (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-pathological gambling) kunye nendlela eyaqwalaselwa ngayo kwi-DSM-IV kunye ne-DSM-5 (kunye ne-ICD-10 kunye ne-ICD-11 ezayo). Kwi-DSM-IV, ungcakazo lwe-pathological lwahlelwa “njenge-Impulse-Control Disorder Not kwenye indawo eCaluliweyo.” Kwi-DSM-5, yaphinda yahlelwa njenge "Ingxaki eNxulumene neZinto eziNxulumene neZiyobisi."…. "Indlela efanayo kufuneka isetyenziswe kwi-CSB, okwangoku ithathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ifakwe njengengxaki yokulawula impembelelo kwi-ICD-11 (Grant et al., 2014; Kraus et al., 2018)”. Ezi zicatshulwa zithathwe kwi Gola kunye Potenza 2018.
impatho
Ekuvukeni kwe World Health Organization (WHO) ukuhlela ukuphazamiseka kwemidlalo kunye ne-CSBD njengeemeko zempilo yengqondo, a ingxelo kwi Guardian Iphephandaba lathi isibhedlele saseLondon silungiselela ukusungula iziko lokuqala le-intanethi elixhaswa yiNkonzo yezeMpilo yeSizwe kubantu abaselula nakubantu abadala. Abanyangi ngesondo kwenye indawo baye babona ukwanda kwabathengi abancinci abasebenzisa ngokunyanzelekileyo ii-apps zokuthandana kunye namagumbi okuxoxa kwi-intanethi, kunye nokubandezeleka kwempilo yengqondo ngenxa yoko.
Ngokutsho kukaMateusz Gola PhD, umphandi kwiPolish Academy of Sciences kunye neYunivesithi yaseCalifornia eSan Diego, ukuxilongwa kwe-CSBD entsha kunezinye izibonelelo ngokunjalo. “Icacisa indlela ecacileyo yokuxilonga. Ngaphaya koko, izazi ngengqondo zeklinikhi kunye neengcali zengqondo kuqeqesho ngoku ziya kufunda ingxaki. Ngaphandle kokuxilongwa ngokusesikweni kwe-CSBD, oogqirha abaninzi bebengazi malunga nemiba yokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo. Ekugqibeleni, olu xilongo lunokunika izigulana ezininzi ukufikelela kunyango olu-inshorensi.” UGola wongeze ukuba, ukuxilongwa okutsha, "ayisombululi ingxaki yendlela yokuphatha i-CSBD ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa ivumela izifundo ezingaguqukiyo, ezinokukhokelela kwiindlela ezisemgangathweni nezithembekileyo."
UFikelelo olwandisiweyo lweZigulana
UShane W. Kraus, Ph.D. UNjingalwazi oNcedisayo weNgqondo yeNgqondo kunye noMlawuli weKliniki yeZithutho zokuZiphatha kwiSibhedlele sase-Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans, iYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts Medical School yathi malunga necandelo elitsha lokuxilonga: "Eli linyathelo lokuqala elihle. Ukufakwa kwe-CSBD kwi-ICD-11 kunokwandisa ukufikelela ekunyamekeleni izigulane (kumazwe ngamazwe nangaphakathi kwe-US). Ukongeza, ukubandakanywa kuya kwandisa inkxaso-mali yophando ebigxile ngokwembali ekuxilongeni ukuphazamiseka kwempilo yengqondo. Ukongeza, ndicinga ukuba inganciphisa ibala kubantu abachaphazelekayo kwaye yandise imfundo yababoneleli kulo mba. "
Uqeqesho lweeNgcali zezeMpilo
Injongo ecacileyo yokukhutshwa kwe-ICD-11 yakutsha nje kukuvumela amazwe ukuba aqeqeshe iingcali zempilo malunga noxilongo lwencwadana. Abaphandi baye babongoza ukuba abezonyango kunye nabacebisi baqeqeshwe kwaye baqonde ngcono ukuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo ngokwesondo:
“Kukwabalulekile ukuba ababoneleli-zinkathalo (oko kukuthi, abezonyango kunye nabacebisi) abantu abanokufuna kubo uncedo baqhelene nee-CSBs. Ngexesha lezifundo zethu ezibandakanya ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-3,000 ezifuna unyango lwe-CSB, siye sava rhoqo ukuba abantu abaphethwe yi-CSB badibana nemiqobo emininzi ngexesha lokufuna kwabo uncedo okanye ukunxibelelana neekliniki.UDhuffar kunye noGriffiths, ngo-2016). Izigulane zixela ukuba oogqirha banokusiphepha isihloko, bachaze ukuba iingxaki ezinjalo azikho, okanye bacebise ukuba umntu unesondo esiphezulu sesondo, kwaye kufuneka ayamkele endaweni yokunyanga (nangona aba bantu, ii-CSBs zinokuziva zi-ego-dystonic kwaye zikhokele. kwiziphumo ezininzi ezimbi). Sikholelwa ukuba iindlela ezichazwe kakuhle zokuphazamiseka kwe-CSB ziya kukhuthaza iinzame zemfundo ezibandakanya uphuhliso lweenkqubo zoqeqesho ngendlela yokuvavanya nokuphatha abantu abaneempawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-CSB. Sinethemba lokuba ezo nkqubo ziya kuba yinxalenye yoqeqesho lwezonyango lweengcali zengqondo, oogqirha bengqondo, nabanye ababoneleli beenkonzo zempilo yengqondo, kwanabanye abo banyamekela abaguli kuquka abo banyamekela abaguli, abafana noogqirha abangoogqirha ngokubanzi.” (Kraus et al 2018)
I-Foundation Foundation
The Umvuzo weZiseko lisisa semfundo yobuvulindlela esenza ukuba inzululwazi yezesondo kunye nothando ifikeleleke kubaphulaphuli ababanzi. Ugxininiso lwethu luyimpembelelo yephonografi ye-intanethi kulutsha kunye nabantu abadala abancinci. Siye savunywa yiRoyal College of General Practitioners eLondon ukuba siqhube ii-workshops zeentsuku ze-1 kwiingcali kwimpembelelo ye-intanethi ye-pornography kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nomzimba. Oku kuxhasa iinjongo zoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi okhutshwe ngokulandelayo ugxininisa imfuno yoqeqesho phakathi kweengcali. Sikwafundisa ezikolweni kwaye siza kubonelela ngezicwangciso zezifundo noqeqesho kootitshala ekupheleni kwalo nyaka. Sinikezela ngeenkonzo zokubonisana kwimibutho enqwenela ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokwazisa ngephonografi.
Ngodliwano-ndlebe okanye ulwazi olungaphezulu kuquka iikopi ezipheleleyo zemithombo ekhankanyiweyo, nceda uqhagamshelane [imeyile ikhuselwe].
FOOTNOTE
Isiqendu esipheleleyo se Ukukhutshwa kwe-ICD-11.
I-WHO ikhupha i-International Classification of Diseases (ICD 11) 18 Juni 2018 News Release Geneva
Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) namhlanje ukhulula uHlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe lweZifo (ICD-11).
I-ICD isisiseko sokuchonga iindlela zempilo kunye neenkcukacha-manani kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye iqulethe malunga ne-55 000 yeekhowudi ezizodwa zokulimala, izifo kunye nezizathu zokufa. Ibonelela ngolwimi oluqhelekileyo oluvumela abaqeqeshi bezempilo ukuba babelane ngolwazi lwezempilo kwihlabathi jikelele.
"I-ICD yimveliso i-WHO enebhongo ngayo," utshilo uGqr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, uMlawuli-Jikelele we-WHO. "Kusenza siqonde okuninzi malunga nokuba yintoni eyenza abantu bagule baze bafe, kwaye sithathe inyathelo lokuthintela ukubandezeleka nokusindisa ubomi."
I-ICD-11, esele ingaphezu kweminyaka elishumi ekwenzeni, ibonelela ngophuculo olubonakalayo kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili. Okokuqala, i-elektroniki ngokupheleleyo kwaye inefomati esebenziseka ngakumbi. Kwaye kukho ukubandakanyeka okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kwabasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo abaye bajoyina iintlanganiso zentsebenziswano kwaye bangenisa izindululo. Iqela le-ICD kwikomkhulu le-WHO lifumene ngaphezu kwe-10 000 yeziphakamiso zokuhlaziywa.
I-ICD-11 iya kuboniswa kwiNdibano yezeMpilo yeHlabathi ngoMeyi 2019 ukuze yamkelwe ngamaZwe angamaLungu, kwaye iya kuqala ukusebenza ngomhla we-1 kaJanuwari 2022. Olu kukhululwa luyi-preview yangaphambili eya kuvumela amazwe ukuba acwangcise indlela yokusebenzisa inguqulelo entsha, ukulungiselela. iinguqulelo, kunye qeqesha iingcali zempilo kulo lonke ilizwe.
I-ICD iphinda isetyenziswe ngabakhuseli bezempilo abanembuyekezo yabo ixhomekeke kwikhowudi ye-ICD; abaphathi benkqubo yezempilo yesizwe; iingcali zokuqokelelwa kwedatha; kunye nabanye abalandelela inkqubela kwimpilo yehlabathi kwaye banqume ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo zempilo.
I-ICD-11 entsha iphinda ibonise inkqubela phambili kwiyeza kunye nenkqubela phambili ekuqondeni kwesayensi. Ngokomzekelo, iikhowudi ezinxulumene nokuchasana kwe-antimicrobial zihambelana ngokusondeleyo ne-Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS). I-ICD-11 iphinde ikwazi ukubamba kakuhle idatha malunga nokhuseleko kwinkathalo yezempilo, oku kuthetha ukuba iziganeko ezingadingekile ezinokulimaza impilo - ezifana nokuhamba komsebenzi okungakhuselekanga kwizibhedlele - ziyakwazi ukuchongwa kwaye zincitshiswe.
I-ICD entsha iquka izahluko ezitsha, enye kumayeza esintu: nangona izigidi zabantu zisebenzisa amayeza esintu kwihlabathi jikelele, ayizange ihlelwe kule nkqubo. Esinye isahluko esitsha malunga nempilo yezesondo sidibanisa iimeko ezazikhe zahlulwa ngaphambili ngezinye iindlela (umz. ukungangqinelani ngokwesini kwakudweliswe phantsi kweemeko zempilo yengqondo) okanye zichazwe ngokwahlukileyo. Ukuphazamiseka kwemidlalo yongezwe kwicandelo lokuphazamiseka kokulutha.
"Umgaqo ophambili kolu hlaziyo yayikukulula ubume bekhowudi kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki - oku kuya kuvumela abaqeqeshi bezempilo ukuba babe lula kwaye barekhode iimeko," utshilo uGqr Robert Jakob, iNkokheli yeQela, i-Classifications Terminologies kunye neMigangatho, i-WHO.
UGqr Lubna Alansari, uSekela Mlawuli-Jikelele we-WHO kwiMetrikhi kunye neMilinganiselo yezeMpilo, uthi: “I-ICD sisiseko solwazi lwezempilo kwaye i-ICD-11 iya kunika imbono yamva nje yeepateni zezifo.”
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