- Eli nqaku limalunga nesi sifundo: UkuPhathwa kweeNguqulelo zeZenzo zombini eziNtle kwaye eziNtle ziThuthukisa nge-VTA Dopamine Neuronal populations
NguTom Corwin, ngeCawa, ngoFebruwari 20, 2011
UFredrick kunye noAntonio Jackson kunye noLaura Rodriguez bancwina emva kokubaleka ukuya kwiikarts e-Adventure Crossing. Bavuma ukuba bathanda ukonwaba kancinci kunye nengozi- emva kwayo yonke loo nto, bangamaMarines. UAntonio, oneminyaka engama-27, uthanda ii-roller coasters.
"Ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi," Andikholelwa ukuba ndiyenzile nje loo nto, "utshilo. “Wakuba uphumile kuyo, ufana nokuthi, 'Owu, kuya kufuneka ndibuyele koku. Ibintle.' ”
Njengoko kuvela, ingqondo yabanye abantu inokonwabela uloyiko oluncinci, ngokophando oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseGeorgia yeSayensi yezeMpilo kunye neShanghai Institute of Brain Functional Genomics eTshayina. Uphando lwabo, olupapashwe kwiveki ephelileyo kwiphephancwadi PLoSOne, igxile kwi-neurons evelisa i-dopamine kwindawo ye-ventral tegmental, okanye i-VTA, kwingqondo.
"Kwincwadi yesikhokelo, i-VTA liziko lemivuzo okanye libandakanyeka ngokusondeleyo kwikhoboka leziyobisi," utshilo umbhali-mbhali uGqirha Joe Z. Tsien, umlawuli-kunye weZiko lokuFunyanwa kweBrain kunye nokuziphatha e-GHSU. Kwakukade kucingwa ukuba yonke into eyenziwayo yayiphendula kwaye yomeleza impendulo kwizinto ezilungileyo.
"Into ezakuboniswa liphepha lethu ayisiyiyo le," utshilo uTsien.
Abaphandi basebenze kunye neempuku ubuchopho babo bufakwe i-electrode ukurekhoda ukudubula kwexesha lokwenyani kwee-neurons. Baye ke baphantsi kovuselelo olulungileyo, olufana nokufumana i-pellet yeswekile, kunye ne-stimulus eyoyikisayo, enjengokushukumisa ibhokisi eyayikuyo impuku. Phantse zonke ii-neurons ezivelisa i-dopamine kuloo ndawo yengqondo ziphendule kwiziganeko zoloyiko, utshilo uTsien.
Ezo neurons zisabela "kungekuphela emvuzweni kodwa kwaye, ngamandla kakhulu kwiziganeko ezimbi," utshilo. Nangona uninzi lweeuron lwalucinezelwe okanye luvalwe ukuphendula uloyiko, babene "rebound" ebalulekileyo kukonwaba emva kokuba umcimbi uphelile, utshilo uTsien.
"Ezi neuron zinokubonelela ngohlobo oluthile lwenkcazo yemitshini yokuqhuba isimilo sokufuna ukonwaba, utshilo. "Ezo zizinto ezoyikekayo, kodwa sinokubona ukuvuseleleka okukhulu ekufuneka kukhokelele ekukhutshweni kwe-dopamine, enokuthi ichaze ukuba kutheni abanye abantu- ingengabo bonke abantu, abanye abantu benentloni kuyo - baziva benomdla wokuziphatha okuyingozi kakhulu. . ”
Ngapha koko, abaphandi babenako ukufumana iseti yee-neurons, malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 kuloo ndawo yobuchopho, ezazonwabe yimisitho yokoyika, utshilo uTsien. Ngenxa yemfundiso yangaphambili yokuba indawo yobuchopho yayithanda inkuthazo enomvuzo, oko "kwakumangalisa kakhulu," utshilo.
"Inokuba yinxalenye yolu hlengahlengiso okanye inkqubo yokuziphatha kolonwabo," utshilo.
I-stimulus yayidla ngokubambisana ngetoni ngaphambili, kwaye loo mqondiso ibangele impendulo, kodwa kaninzi ingekho xa isilwanyana sabekwa kwibhokisi eyahlukileyo, kubonisa iimpendulo zazixhomekeka kakhulu.
Oko “kunganceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni imeko-bume idlala indima enkulu ekuvuseleleni inkanuko okanye ukomeleza imikhwa,” kuphononongo.
Kwakhona kubonisa ukuba ubudlelwane obuphakathi komvuzo kunye nesohlwayo asunqunywanga-kwaye-omisiwe, uTsien uthe.
"Bahlobene," watsho. “Ukuba ufumana ibhonasi yonke imihla, emva komzuzwana awuziva ukuba lo ngumvuzo kuba kulindelekile. Kwelinye icala, ukuba yonke imihla ufumana isohlwayo kwaye ngenye imini ungasifumani, uziva ngathi ngumvuzo lowo. Yiyo loo nto ndicinga ukuba oku kuyakusinceda ukuba siqonde ukuba kutheni ingqondo yethu iqhubeka ukuba nezi ndlela zokuziqhelanisa nazo zikwazi ukujongana nolwazi olubanzi kakhulu, ”zombini ezi zinto zintle kwaye azibi.
KuRodriguez, ichaza ukuba kutheni ihlala ibukela i-movie eyoyikisayo kunye nokugijima.
“Uyayifuna kwakhona,” utshilo. “Ufuna ukubaleka ubuye umva kwaye ungene kwi-roller coaster. Ufumana ukuphakama okuncinci kuyo. Ndiziva kamnandi. ”
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