NgoJanuwari 26th, 2011 kwiMedicine & Health / Neuroscience
Yandisa Umqolo ngamnye umele umsebenzi kwi-neuron ngamaxesha abalulekileyo ngexesha lomsebenzi. Ngexesha lokuvuza, phantse isinye kwisithathu se-neuron ezifikisayo zaba nemincili (eboniswe ngobomvu) nangona inqanaba le-inhibition (eblue) litshintshile kancinci. I-neurons yabantu abadala ibhalise umsebenzi ophezulu kakhulu wokuthintela kunye nolonwabo oluncinci. Ikhredithi: B. Moghaddam
Abaphandi beDyunivesithi yasePittsburgh barekhode umsebenzi we-neuron kubuchopho begundane obufikisayo obunokuthi buveze ingcambu yebhayoloji yolutsha lokujonga imivuzo ngaphezulu kweziphumo kwaye bachaze ukuba kutheni ulutsha lusesichengeni sokukhotyokiswa ziziyobisi, ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, kunye nezinye izigulo zengqondo.
Iqela libika kwingxelo Journal of Neuroscience ukuba ukurekhoda electrode yabantu abadala kunye elivisayo Umsebenzi weeseli zobuchopho ngexesha lokuqhutywa komsebenzi oqhutywa ngumvuzo ubonisa ukuba ubuchopho bokufikisa busabela kwimivuzo ngochulumanco olukhulu kakhulu kunobuchopho babantu abadala. Oku kuphazamiseka kokuvuselela kwenzeka ngamandla ahlukeneyo kulo lonke uphononongo kunye nenqanaba elikhulu lokungalungelelani kubuchopho bokufikisa. Iingqondo zeempuku zabantu abadala, kwelinye icala, ziqhubekisela phambili amabhaso abo ngolungelelwaniso oluhambelanayo lochulumanco kunye nokuthintela.
Umahluko omkhulu kwi umsebenzi wobuchopho inika ingcaciso enokubakho ngokusebenza kwengqondo yokuba kutheni ulutsha lutyekele ngakumbi kunabantu abadala ekuziphatheni ngokungxama, ukukhotyokiswa, kunye nezifo zengqondo, utshilo umphandi ophambili uBita Moghaddam, unjingalwazi weNeuroscience kwiSikolo soBugcisa neeSayensi sasePitt. Yena kunye no-David Sturman, umfundi ogqirha we-Pitt neuroscience, baqaphele ukusabela okwahlukileyo ukuvuza kwi-neurons nganye kwi-orbitofrontal cortex, ummandla wobuchopho olinganisa umvuzo kunye nesohlwayo sokucwangcisa kunye nokwenza izigqibo.
"Umsebenzi ongacwangciswanga kunye nokugqithisa ngokweqile esiwubonileyo kule nxalenye yengqondo kuthetha ukuba umvuzo kunye nezinye izinto ezivuselelayo ziqhutyelwa ngokwahlukileyo ngabakwishumi elivisayo," utshilo uMoghaddam. "Oku kunokonyusa isiphumo somvuzo ekwenzeni izigqibo kwaye kuphendule imibuzo emininzi malunga nokuziphatha kolutsha, ukusuka ekuthandeni kwabo ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi ukuya kwiimpendulo zabo ezigqithisileyo kumava amnandi nacaphukisayo."
Ukongezelela, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwi-cortex ye-orbitofrontal kuye kwabonwa kwiimeko ze-schizophrenia, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, uMoghaddam uthe. Uhlobo lomsebenzi oguquguqukayo kwi-cortex awathi yena no-Sturman bawubona unokuzenza mandundu ezi meko ngexesha apho ingqondo yokukhula isesichengeni.
"Iimpawu zezi zigulo ziqala ukubonakala ngexesha lokufikisa," utshilo uMoghaddam. “Ukufikisa lixesha lokuziphatha kakubi kunye nokuba semngciphekweni ngokwasengqondweni, ngoko ke umsebenzi wobuchopho ongalungelelanisiweyo kunye nemincili egqithisileyo inokutyhala ingqondo esele ityekele kakhulu kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuqale iimpawu.”
Umsebenzi we-neural wabantu abadala kunye nolutsha lwalufana ekuqaleni. Xa umvuzo wawulindelwe (iiseshini 3-6), umsebenzi wobuchopho bomntwana ofikisayo wakhula, walandelwa kukuhla okucothayo emva kokuba i-pellet yeswekile yamkelwe (ukungena emkhombeni wokutya). Abantu abadala bafumana ukunyuka okufanayo ngokukhawuleza komsebenzi olandelwa kukubuyela ngokukhawuleza kwisiseko. Ikhredithi: B. Moghaddam
Uphononongo lolokuqala ukurekhoda nokuthelekisa umntu ngamnye umsebenzi neuronebuchotsheni babantu abadala kunye nabafikisayo ngexesha lokwenziwa komsebenzi. UMoghaddam noSturman babonise iimpuku zabantu abadala nabafikisayo—ezibonisa ukufana kokuziphatha nebhayoloji kubantu abadala nabafikisayo—ngemingxuma emithathu yokugqobhoza iimpumlo zabo; iimpuku nganye yafumana i-pellet yeswekile xa zikhetha umngxuma ophakathi.ingqondo umsebenzi kulutsha olufikisayo wawufana nowabantu abadala ixesha elininzi kodwa umahluko omkhulu uye wavela xa iimpuku ezincinci zifumene umvuzo. Njengoko nganye yeempuku ezikhulileyo ziqokelela i-pellet yeswekile, i i-cortex I-neurons ibonise ukunyuka okuqhelekileyo kwimincili kunye nokuthintela, kunye namanqanaba angaguqukiyo empembelelo nganye kulo lonke uphononongo.
Abakwishumi elivisayo, kwelinye icala, babonise ukunyuka kwemincili okususela kabini ukuya kwamane kumanqanaba abantu abadala. Kwangaxeshanye, iimpembelelo zokuthintela ebuchotsheni bolutsha aluzange lutshintshe ukusuka kumanqanaba aphantsi abawafumeneyo ngaphambi kokuba bafumane i-pellet yeswekile.
Ibonelelwe yiYunivesithi yasePittsburgh
"Ubuchopho bolutsha buqhubela phambili imivuzo, bucebisa ingcambu yokuziphatha okuyingozi, izigulo zengqondo." NgoJanuwari 26, 2011. http://phys.org/news/2011-01-teen-brains-over-process-rewards-root.html
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