Mar 1, 2016 Ngu UStephanie Kossman
Iziyobisi ziyichaphazela njani ingqondo yolutsha olusakhulayo? Lo mbuzo udide izazinzulu amashumi eminyaka, kodwa inyani inye iya kuhlala iyinyani- ulutsha lusengozini yokufumana iziyobisi. Oososayensi bahlala beyichaza kwimeko yeemeko zentlalo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo loontanga, okanye inyani yokuba abazali abatshayayo kunokwenzeka ukuba bakhulise abantwana bakho abatshayayo. Kodwa zimbini zintsha amaphepha, zipapashwe kunye in eLife, phikisana nesizathu sokuba imeko yeyona nto izale ngakumbi.
Iinzululwazi ngaphambili zazisebenzisa i-biology ukuchaza Ulutsha olungamakhoboka otywala, kodwa khange isetyenziswe njengesizathu sokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni. "Ebantwini, ixesha lokufikisa, elilixesha eliphakathi kweminyaka yokufikisa kunye neminyaka engamashumi amabini, lixesha lokuphakama kokuchaphazeleka kwiziphumo zeziyobisi ezichasayo, kodwa izifundo zangaphambili bezabalazile ukucacisa ukuba kutheni," utshilo umbhali ophezulu Mauro Cosa-Mattioli, a upapasho ndaba zekhampani. "Izifundo zethu ziyayixhasa ingcinga yokuba ukumiselwa kweprotein synthet ka-EIF2 kungangunobangela osisiseko."
Izifundo ezimbini ezahlukileyo zavavanya indima ye-elF2 α, imolekyuli elawula ukuveliswa kweeprotheni ezinoxanduva lokwakha uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-neurons. Kwisifundo esinye, kwiigusha zakwishumi elivisayo nezabantu abadala zafakwa sisisombululo sesine okanye ithamo eliphantsi lecocaine. Abaphandi bafumana kuphela iimpuku zokufikisa ezinikwe i-cocaine ezinamava okucuthwa kwe-eIF2cy, okukhokelela kutshintsho kumgaqo weprotheni owomeleza unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-dopamine-storing neurons.
"Olu nxibelelwano lukhulu phakathi kwe-dopamine etyebileyo inika ulonwabo olukhulu ekuthatheni iyeza kwaye likhuthaze indlela yokuziphatha enxulumene nokulutha," watsho umbhali okhokelayo uWei Huang. "Kuphela ngamayeza aphezulu e-cocaine akhokelele kwiimpendulo ezifanayo kubantu abadala, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba abakwishumi elivisayo banomda omncinci wecocaine kwezi neurons."
Abaphengululi bakwazile ukuqinisekisa iziphumo zabo ngokutshintsha ukuveliswa kweeproteni ezilawulwa yi-eIF2cy kwimigundane yabantu abadala neyishumi elivisayo, zenze ukuba iimpuku zabantu abadala zibonakale njengebhayoloji yokufikisa kunye neempuku zokufikisa zabadala. Ngokwenza njalo, abaphandi bazibonele ngamehlo iziphumo ezivela kwinxalenye yokuqala yophando. Iimpuku zeAcentcent, ngoku ezineeprotheyini zabantu abadala, azibonisanga tshintsho kwimisebenzi ye-elF2 α kunye nokumelana nokunyuka kwe-cocaine. Iimpuku zabantu abadala, zona ziye zavelana ngakumbi.
Kuyamangalisa ngokwenyani ukuba ngokwenza iinkqubo ezingqonge i-eIF2cy ngale ndlela, sinokuvuselela ukusebenza kwengqondo. Oku kungabamba isithembiso esibalulekileyo sokuphucula unyango olutsha lweziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka okunxulumene noko, ”utshilo uCosta-Mattioli.
Isifundo sesibini esigqunywe ephepheni sichaze iimvavanyo ezifanayo, zihambelana nicotine endaweni yecocaine. Kwakhona, abaphandi baqaphela iziphumo ezifanayo. Usebenzisa umfanekiso we-magnetic resonance imaging, uphononongo lukwachonge umahluko kuhlobo lomntu lweekhowudi lwe-eIF2cy. Olu tshintsho, bafumanise, lunonyusa okanye lunciphise iimpendulo zabasebenzisi be-nicotine kwimivuzo.
Umbhali okhokelayo uAndon Placzek wathi: "Iziphumo zethu zibalulekile eklinikhi njengoko zichonga inoveli ekujoliswe kuyo kwizikrekrethi, kunye nobungqina obufanayo obuxhasayo obuvela kwizifundo zokucinga ngengqondo kwizidakamizwa zabantu," ukuqonda kwethu okutsha kunokunceda ekufundiseni ulutsha ngemingcipheko yeziyobisi zokuzonwabisa. ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulinga, ukudimaza ezi ndlela zokuziphatha njengesiphumo. Banokunceda ekufumaneni indlela entsha yokulwa umlutha kokubini kulutsha nakubantu abadala, umzekelo ngokutshintsha umsebenzi we-eIF2cy kwingqondo. ”
Umthombo: Huang W, et al. Ulawulo lokuguqulelwa yi-elF2 α phosphorylation ilawula ukuba semngciphekweni kwe-synaptic kunye nefuthe lokuziphatha kwe-cocaine. eLife. Ngo-2016; Placzek A, okqhubekayo. Ulawulo lokuguqulelwa kwe-nicotine-ekhutshwe kwi-synaptic potentiation kwiimpuku kunye neempendulo ze-neuronal kubantu abatshayayo ngabantu yi-elF2 α. eLife. 2016.
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