Umlutha. 2017 Apr 21. I-doi: 10.1111 / yongeza.13825.
USussman S1, Rozgonjuk D2, van den Eijnden RJJM3.
- Inkcazo ku: Sinokuyithatha njani indlela yokuziphatha ngokweqile ngaphandle kokuzithobela ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo?
Sebenzisa iindlela zokubandakanywa ngaphandle kokuchaza 'isiyobisi' akunakuba loluncedo. Imbono yokwenyani yokwenyani inokusinceda ukuba siqonde eyona nto silwa nayo. Iziyobisi mhlawumbi yinkqubo yokuxhuzula yenkqubo yokuxhokonxa amandla. Uxinzelelo olunjalo lunokwenzeka ngokubhekisele kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha, kwaye ziyahluka kubukhali.
Kwimizamo yokucacisa into efanele ukuthathwa njengento yokuziphatha kakuhle, kunye nokuthintela ukuziphatha okungaphaya kokuziphatha, Kardefelt-Winter okqhubekayo. [1] icetywe ukuyichaza 'njengokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo okukhokelela ekonakaleni okukhulu okanye ekubandezelekeni kokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemeko yendalo, engancitshiswanga ngumntu kwaye iqhubeka ngaphezulu kwexesha elibalulekileyo'. Ababhali bayakubetha ngoyaba ukukhankanya ukuba impikiswano malunga nokuchazwa kwendlela yokuziphatha engeyonto intsha, kwaye ibambe iziyobisi. Umzekelo, imodeli yokungasebenzi kakuhle yenzekile ukuba iphonononge umahluko 'wokwenyani' notywala nakwindlela ephucukileyo yokuselwa [2]. Kwakhona, uchonga kanye xa ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kuphakanyiswa 'ukubaluleka' kokuphazamiseka, ngelishwa kuthatha ukuba ngumsebenzi wokuzigweba, kunokuqhutywa ngumongo kwaye kubandakanya ukwenza izigqibo zobume ngokubhekisele kwinto eyenzekayo [1, 3]. IKardefelt-Ubusika okqhubekayo. sicebisa ukuba kungabandakanywa iindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi ezibangelwa kukhetho ngabom njengesiqhelo sokuziphatha. Ukukhetha, okanye ukunqongophala kokukhetha, nangona kunjalo, kungumba oqhubekayo kwingxoxo yeziyobisi ngeziyobisi ezinokuthi okanye zingenako ukwahlula 'ngokwenyani' isiselo esinxilisayo, umzekelo, ukusela kakhulu.4]. Embindini wotywala, ngokuqinisekileyo kusenokuba lukhetho ngabom ukusela kakhulu, ngokubhekisele kwicala elithothayo lesaphulelo, okanye ukucinga okwethutyana, okanye ngenxa yokunqongophala kweziphumo ezibi (okwangoku) [3-5]. Oko, nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba asisiyobisi. Kwakhona, i-Kardefelt-Ubusika kunye nabalingane bacebisa ukuba kungabandakanywa iindlela zokuziphatha ezinxulumene nokukhubazeka ezibangelwa sisicwangciso sokulwa. Ukuba oku kugwetywa ngaphandle kungasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuxhomekeka kotywala, amaxabiso okuxhaphaka kwawo aya kwehla kakhulu. Ngapha koko, imodeli yesicwangciso sokulwa nento ethile kunye nokuziphatha okukhoyo, oku kunokuphikisana nokusebenza njengenqobo yokubandakanya [3].
Ezi zinto ziqwalaselweyo, inkcazo ecetywayo yokuziphatha gwenxa kunye neendlela zokuthathelwa ingqalelo ezicekeceke zinobungqongqo, kwaye uninzi lokuchonga iziyobisi alunakusinda kule nkcazo. Emva kwexesha ephepheni, ababhali babonakala ngathi bagqiba kwelokuba umlutha wefowuni kunye nokulutha kweendaba zentlalo akukho ngenxa yokuba bekungayi kubakho zimpawu zokwenza umsebenzi. Uncwadi kwezi zihloko, nangona kunjalo, lincinci kakhulu ngenxa yokuvela nje kwezi teknoloji kusetyenziso oluqhelekileyo. Ubungqina malunga nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezi zinto ziyakha [6, 7], kwaye mninzi umsebenzi ekusafuneka wenziwe.
Ingxoxo malunga nobume bokuziphatha bengendawo ezinje ngeKardefelt-Busika okqhubekayo. wamkelekile kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, sikujonga njengento enokwenzeka ukuba umlutha yingxaki yendlela yokuphila kunye nenkumbulo yokudibanisa, enxibelelana neenkqubo ze-neurobiological ezihambelana nokufumana imiphumo yolangazelelo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba likhoboka lesifo kubonakalisa isixokelelwano sokwenza umdla. inokuphinda-phindwe okanye ibe ngamaxesha athile; kunokuba nzima okanye kungenjalo; inokubonakala ingaqhelekanga okanye iphambuke; kwaye inokubangela uxinezeleko kakhulu ngela xesha elithile [3].
Isibhengezo somdla
Akukho.
1Kardefelt-Winther D., Heeren A., Schimmenti A., van Rooij A., Maurage P., Carras M. et al. Singakwazi njani ukuguqula isimilo sokuziphatha ngaphandle kokuziphatha ngendlela eqhelekileyo? Isiyobisi 2017; https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13763.
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2Wakefield JC, Schmitz MF Bangaphi abantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala? Sebenzisa uhlalutyo lokungasebenzi kakuhle ukuze kulungelelaniswe uqikelelo lobukho kwiimvavanyo ezimbini zoluntu. Ingaphambili lePsychol 2014; I-5: 22. iphe. [Corrigendum: 2014; I-5, iNqaku 144, 3 pp.] Inqaku 10.
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IWebhsayithi yeScience® Times ekhankanywe: 7
3I-Sussman S. Iziyobisi kunye neziyobisi eziZiphetheyo: Iingqondo, izizathu kunye nezifo. ECambridge, e-UK: I-University yeCambridge Press; 2017.
4Yaffe G. Ukuthoba isitya kwizidakamizwa. Ku: EPoland J., Graham G., abahleli. Iziyobisi kunye noxanduva. ECambridge, i-MA: Cofa kwi-MIT; I-2011, iphe. 113-139.
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IWebhsayithi yeScience® Times ekhankanywe: 1
5Bickel WK, Mueller ET, Jarmolowicz DP Yintoni umlutha? Ku: McCrady BS, Epstein EE, abahleli. Iziyobisi: Incwadana esisikhokelo, i2nd edn. I-Oxford, e-UK: I-Oxford University Press; I-2013, iphe. 3-16.
6I-Lin YH, i-Chiang CL, i-Lin PH, i-Chang LR, i-Ko CH, i-Lee YH et al. Inkqubo yokuvavanywa kokuchaphazeleka njengeziyobisi. IIPHULO ENYE 2016; I-11: i-e0163010.
7van den Eijnden RJ, Lemmens JS, Valkenburg PM Umgangatho wejelo losasazo loluntu. UComput Hum Behav 2016; I-61: 478-487.
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