1) Ukuthelekiswa kweMpilo Yengqondo Yomntu Omdala Wamafilimu Abadlali kunye Nabanye Abasetyhini abaselula eCalifornia (2015) - Amacatshulwa:
Uphononongo olusesikweni esiphezulu lwe-intanethi olususwe kwi-Survey Health Survey (CWHS) lwaye lwalawulwa ngokwaso kwisampula esilungeleyo se-134 yangoku i-movie eyenziwa ngabantu abadala abadala nge-intanethi. Ukuhlalutya kwamanzi kunye nokuhlalutya kusetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa idatha yabasetyhini kunye nedatha yabasetyhini be-1,773 bamaxesha afanayo abaphendule kwi-2007 CWHS. Iziphumo eziphambili zempembelelo zazizimeleyo kwiimeko zempilo yengqondo.
Kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo, i-50% yabenzi ababikwayo abahlala kwintlupheko kunye ne-34% babike ukuba bafumana ubundlobongela basekhaya, xa kuthelekiswa ne-36% kunye ne-6%, ngokulandelanayo, abaphenduli be-CWHS. Njengabantu abadala, i-27% yayifumene nobulili obunyanzelekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-9% yabaphenduli be-CWHS.
Izigqibo: Abadlali beentlobo zefilimu abadala ababi kakhulu kwimpilo yengqondo kunye namazinga aphezulu okudandatheka kunabanye abafazi baseCalifornia abaneminyaka efanayo.
Abadlali befilimu abadala bahlanganyela kwizenzo zesondo ezide kunye neziphindaphindiweyo kunye namaqabane amaninzi ezesondo ngexesha elifutshane, ukudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokudluliselwa kwe-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo (STDs). Konke okubhekiselele kulo, iimeko eziphezulu zengozi zikhuphuka [4]. Ezi zenzo zibandakanya izenzo zesondo ezibandakanya ukungena ngokuphindaphindiweyo kabini (ubulili besibini kunye nobulili besini) kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-face ejaculations.
Kwi-2004, ezimbini kuphela zeenkampani zefilimu ze-200 zifuna ukusebenzisa iikhondom kuzo zonke izilwanyana ezipenile kunye ne-penile-zangaphakathi [2]. Abadlali baxela ukuba kufuneka basebenze ngaphandle kweekhondom ukugcina umsebenzi. Ezi zenzo zikhokelela kumazinga aphezulu osulelo lwe-STD kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-HIV phakathi kwabadlali.
3) Iindlela zokungabikho kwemingcipheko yempilo kumabhayisikobho abadala (2009) - Amacatshulwa:
Nangona iyingxenye yecandelo elikhulu nelosemthethweni eLos Angeles, incinci iyaziwa ngabantu abakhulileyo bezobugcisa bezemidlalo kunye nokuba ziphi na iingozi. Injongo yayikukuchonga ukuchasana nemingcipheko yempilo yengqondo, yengqondo kunye neyentlalo kunye nendlela eya kwiingozi ezinjalo phakathi kwabadlali bezemidlalo abadala kunye nokucacisa ukuba ingozi ihluke njani phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zabadlali, njengabesilisa nabasetyhini. Udliwano-ndlebe olunzulu olunzulu oluqhutywe nge-18 yabesifazane kunye nabadlali abalishumi abesilisa kunye nabashumayeli ababalulekileyo beli shishini.
Abenzi bezenzo zokuziphatha ezinobungozi bezempilo ezibandakanya izenzo ezinobungozi obuphezulu bezesondo ezingakhuselekanga, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, nokuphucula umzimba. Baveleleke ekudakaleni komzimba kwifilimu ebekwe. Abaninzi bangena baza bashiya i-shishini ngokungakhuselekanga kwemali kunye neengxaki zempilo yengqondo. Abasetyhini babekho amathuba kunokuba amadoda athathwe kwiingozi zempilo. Abadlali befilimu abadala, ngokukodwa abasetyhini, bavelele kwimingcipheko yempilo eqokelelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaye ayigcinanga kwizifo ezithathelwana ngesondo.
4) Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kunye nezinye iingozi kwi-filimeter yabantu abadala (2013) - Amacatshulwa:
Umzi bhanyabhanya wabantu abadala kule mihla umele ishishini elisemthethweni lezigidi ngezigidi zeedola. Iingozi eziphambili zempilo zabadlali abadala ziyaziwa. Ikakhulu ibandakanya usulelo lwezifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo ezifana ne-HIV, i-hepatitis, i-gonorrhoea, chlamydia, i-herpes kunye ne-papillomavirus. However, nangona kulandelelwa rhoqo, ukuphindaphindwa kwe-STD kuhlala kubalulekile kulo mngcipheko ophezulu wabantu ukususela ekubeni inxalenye enkulu yoshishino iyaqhubeka ukugatya ukusetyenziswa kweekhondom. Ngaphandle koko, abadlali bakwavezwa kweminye imiba yempilo yengqondo neyengqondo ehlala ingaziwa kuluntu. Eli nqaku libonelela ngophononongo olubanzi lwento eyaziwayo nge-STD kunye neminye imingcipheko phakathi koluntu lwabadlali kwishishini lefilimu yabantu abadala.
5) Uvavanyo lokusulelwa ngentsholongwane ngesondo ngoomntu omdala odlala ifilimu: isifo siyaphuthelwa? (2012) - Amacatshulwa:
Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs) ezingaqhelekanga zingaqhelekanga kwiicandelo lefilimu elidala kuba abaqhubi bahlala bebandakanyeka emlonyeni nomlomo ongathintekiyo, ii-STI zihlala zingabonakaliyo, kwaye i-shishini lixhomekeke kwiimvavanyo ezixubile kumchamo.
Ngexesha le-4-inyanga yocwaningo, abathathi-nxaxheba be-168 babhalisile: I-112 (67%) yabafazi kwaye i-56 (33%) yayingamadoda. Ku-47 (28%) abavavanyayo abane-Gonorrhea kunye / okanye i-Chlamydia, iimeko ze-11 (23%) azizange zifunyenwe ngokuhlolwa kwe-urine kuphela. I-Gonorrhea yayiyi-STI eqhelekileyo (42 / 168; 25%) kunye ne-oropharynx indawo eqhelekileyo yesifo (37 / 47; 79%). Iingamashumi amathathu anesihlanu (i-95%) i-oropharyngeal kunye ne-21 (91%) izifo ezibangelwa ngama-rectal zangaphandle.
Abaqhubi befilimu yabantu abadala babenomthwalo ophezulu we-STI. Ukungaxilwanga okungaqhelekanga kunye ne-oropharyngeal STIs kwakuqhelekileyo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba izithuthi zihanjiswe kumaqabane olwabelana ngesondo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo yokusebenzela. Abadlali kufuneka bavavanywe kuzo zonke iindawo ezisetyenzisiweyo ngaphandle kweempawu, kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom ukukhusela abasebenzi kweli shishini.
6) I-Chlamydia ephakamileyo kunye ne-gonorrhea iziganeko kunye nokuvuselela phakathi kwabadlali kumashishini amakhulu efilimu (2011) - Amacatshulwa:
Imveliso yefilimu yabantu abadala (AFI) ababandakanyeka kumlomo ongasondelanga, isondo, nesisu kunye nabalingani abaninzi, ukwandisa amathuba okufumana nokuhanjiswa kwegciwane lesifo sokukhusela i-immunodeficiency virus nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamashishini okwangoku akufuneki ukusebenzisa iikhondom; kunoko lithembela ekuvavanyeni okulinganiselwe. Sifuna ukuqikelela i-chlamydia (CT) kunye ne-gonorrhea (GC) yonyaka kunye nokuvavanya izinga lokuvuselelwa phakathi kwabadlali be-AFI. Imida engaphantsi yemicimbi ye-CT kunye ne-GC phakathi kwabadlali be-AFI kulinganiselwa ukuba yi-14.3% kunye ne-5.1%, ngokulandelanayo. Isilinganiso sokubuyisela kwisithuba se-1 unyaka ngu-26.1%.
I-CT ne-GC yokutheleleka ziqhelekileyo kwaye ziphindaphindiweyo phakathi kwabadlali. Izicwangciso zokulawula, kuquka ukukhuthazwa kokusetyenziswa kwekhondom, zifuneka ukukhusela abasebenzi kweli shishini, njengoko ukuvavanya wedwa akuyi kuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuthengwa kwendawo yokusebenzela nokuhanjiswa. Umthetho owongezelelweyo obeka uxanduva oluninzi kwiinkampani zokuvelisa ezifunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukukhuseleko kunye nempilo yabenzi.
7) Kolu Shishino, Awusenguye Umntu ”: Isifundo sokuHlola samava amaNina kwiMveliso yeTografi eSweden (2021) – Abstract
Nangona ilishishini lehlabathi, elixabisa iibhiliyoni zeerandi, kuncinane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngeemeko abafazi abajamelana nazo kwishishini lephonografi. Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukuphonononga amava amabhinqa kwimveliso yoonografi, ngokugxininiswa ngokukodwa kwizakhelo zesakhiwo sokungena, ukunyanzeliswa, kunye nobundlobongela ngaphakathi kwishishini, kunye neemfuno zangoku kunye nayiphi na imiqobo yokuphuma kwishishini. I-semi-structured, udliwano-ndlebe olunzulu lwenziwa kunye nabasetyhini abasithoba abanamava kwimveliso yoonografi eSweden. Abathathi-nxaxheba bachonge iminyaka emincinci, ukungakhuseleki kwezemali, ukuvezwa kwangaphambili kubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo, kunye nempilo enkenenkene yengqondo njengezandulela zokungena kwishishini lephonografi. Kanye kwishishini, abafazi babeka umngcipheko wokuphathwa kakubi kunye nokunyanzeliswa ngabaonografi kunye nabathengi be-porn, okwenza kube nzima ukugcina imida yomntu. Abasetyhini bahlala bexhatshazwa ngabathengi be-porn abathumela izicelo zokuthenga izenzo ezithile zesini kwi-intanethi okanye ngaphandle kwe-intanethi. Okukhona ukuba sesichengeni kowasetyhini, kokukhona kuya kuba nzima ukuxhathisa iimfuno zoonografi kunye neemfuno zabathengi. Amava okuthengisa ngomzimba kunye nezinye iindlela zokurhweba ngokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo zixhaphakile. Umqobo obalulekileyo ekuphumeni kwemveliso yamanyala kunxunguphalo lokuba nemifanekiso engamanyala ihlale ikwi-intanethi ngokungenammiselo. Ukuze uphume kwishishini loonografi kunye nokufikelela kwezinye iindlela zangempela, abathathi-nxaxheba bagxininisa ukubaluleka koqeqesho lomsebenzi, imfundo eyongezelelweyo kunye nenkxaso yengqondo. Olu pho nonongo luyinyathelo elibalulekileyo ekucaciseni imeko ejongene nabasetyhini kwimveliso yoonografi. Amaxwebhu angaphezulu omonakalo kunye novavanyo lweemfuno kuqinisekisiwe ukwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nophuhliso lweenkonzo zenkxaso ezisebenzayo kwaba bantu basemngciphekweni.
;
