https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180802115515.htm
Ngaba i-dopamine neurons inendima ebangela ukuba imeko yethu kwindawo yethu ifumane ixabiso? Kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, ngaba amaqela ahlukeneyo e-dopamine neurons akhonza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwale nkqubo?
Leyo yimibuzo abaphengululi kwiYunivesithi yaseMinnesota Medical School abafuna ukuphendula.
Uphando lwakutsha nje lupapashwe kwi I-Nature Neuroscience yiYunivesithi yaseMinnesota Medical School ye-neuroscientist uBenjamin Saunders, i-PhD, isebenzisa imodeli yePavlovian yokujonga ukuba ukukhanya - ukukhanya okulula-ngaphambi nje kokuba i-dopamine neurons isebenze inokukhuthaza isenzo. Imodeli yakudala yePavlov idibanise ukukhala kwentsimbi kunye nokubonelela ngesonka esimnandi kwinja ethi, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ibeke inja ekujuleni xa intsimbi ikhala nayo okanye ingenayo inyama. Kolu phando, nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho mvuzo "wokwenyani" njengokutya okanye amanzi, ukwenzela ukuba abaphandi bahlukane nomsebenzi we-dopamine neuron.
"Besifuna ukwazi ukuba ngaba ii-dopamine neurons zinoxanduva ngokuthe ngqo ekunikezeleni ngexabiso kwezi zinto zingapheliyo, njengemiqondiso," utshilo uSaunders, owenza olunye uphando njengomntu osele esebenze kwelebhu kaPatricia Janak, PhD, e-Johns IYunivesithi yaseHopkins.
I-Dopamine neurons, ezo seli kwingqondo ezivula xa zinomvuzo. Zikwazizo ii-neurons eziwohloka kwisifo sikaParkinson.
"Sifunde ukuba ii-dopamine neurons yenye yeendlela ubuchopho bethu obunika ngayo imikhondo ejikeleze intsingiselo yethu," utshilo uSaunders. "Umsebenzi wee-dopamine neurons kuphela-nokuba akukho kutya, iziyobisi, okanye ezinye izinto ezinomvuzo ngaphakathi-zinokubonisa ixabiso, zibanike amandla okukhuthaza iintshukumo."
Ukuphendula umbuzo wesibini ophambili, abaphandi bajolise kumacandelo athile e-dopamine neurons-ezo zikwindawo enkulu ye-nigra (SNc) kunye nezo zikwindawo yecandelo le-ventral tegmental (VTA). Ezi ntlobo zimbini zee-neurons ngaphambili bezifundwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zophando ngezifo-ii-SNc neurons kwisifo sikaParkinson, kunye nee-VTA neurons kwizifundo zokulutha.
Oososayensi bafunde ukuba iindlela ezixela ukwenziwa kweentlobo ezimbini zee-neurons ziqhube iimpendulo ezahlukileyo-ezo ziqikelela ii-SNc neurons zikhokelele kuhlobo "lokuphuma kunye nokuhamba" kwentshukumo ekhuthazayo ekhawulezileyo. Isalathiso sokuqikelela ukusebenza kwe-VTA ye-neuron, nangona kunjalo, sahendeka sodwa, siqhuba indlela yokuya kwindawo ye-cue, uhlobo "ndiyaphi?" impendulo.
"Iziphumo zethu zityhila iindima ezifanayo zokukhuthaza ii-dopamine neurons ekuphenduleni imikhombandlela. Kwimeko yehlabathi yokwenyani, zombini ezi ndlela zokukhuthaza zibalulekile, ”utshilo uSaunders. "Kufuneka ukhuthazwe ukuba ujikeleze kwaye uziphathe kakuhle, kwaye kufuneka ukhuthazwe ukuya kwindawo ethile yezinto ozifunayo nozifunayo."
Ezi ziphumo zibonelela ngokuqonda okubalulekileyo komsebenzi we-dopamine neurons ezinxulumene nezizathu ezixhaswayo zokukhokelela kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kwaye lo msebenzi unegalelo ekuqondeni kokuphinda ubuye kwabo balwa neziyobisi.
"Ukuba isalathiso - umqondiso, intambo, ibha oyithandayo - ithatha eli xabiso linamandla, kuya kuba nzima ukumelana nezinto ezibangela ukuba uphinde ubuye," utshilo uSaunders. "Siyazi ukuba i-dopamine iyabandakanyeka, kodwa eyona njongo ibalulekileyo kwizifundo ezizayo kukuqonda indlela yesiqhelo, ekhuthazayo ekhuthazwayo okwahlukileyo kukwahluka kukhuthazo olungasebenziyo olwenzeka ebantwini abanomlutha kunye nezifo ezinxulumene noko."
Umthombo Wendaba:
izinto ni kezelwa IYunivesithi yaseMinnesota Medical School. Qaphela: Isiqulatho sinokulungiswa kwisitayela nobude.
Journal Reference:
- UBenjamin T. Saunders, Jocelyn M. Richard, Elyssa B. Margolis, Patricia H. Janak. I-Dopamine neurons zenza ukuba imeko ye-Pavlovian inesimo esichazayo esineemeko ezichaziweyo zesekethe. I-Nature Neuroscience, 2018; I-21 (8): 1072 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0191-4
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