imvelaphi
I-1] I-Psychiatric Imaging Group, i-MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, i-Imperial College yaseLondon, iSibhedlele sase-Hammersmith, eLondon, e-UK [2] Iziko le-Neuropsychopharmacology, iCandelo leeSayensi ze-Brain, iSebe lezoNyango, i-Imperial College yaseLondon, eLondon, e-UK.
Abstract
Umsebenzi we-Striatal dopamine ubalulekile kubuntu obuqhelekileyo, iinkqubo zokuqonda kunye nokuziphatha, kwaye izinto ezingaqhelekanga zinxulunyaniswa nenani leengxaki ze-neuropsychiatric. Nangona kunjalo, akukho zifundo ziye zavavanya impembelelo ehambelanayo yelifa lemfuza kunye nezinto zokusingqongileyo ekumiseleni ukusebenza kwe-striatal dopamine. Ukusebenzisa i- [18F] -DOPA positron emission tomography (PET), siye safuna ukufumanisa i-heritability ye-presynaptic striatal dopamine function ngokuthelekisa ukuguquguquka kumaxabiso okuthatha kwisini esifanayo se-monozygotic (MZ) amawele kwi-dizygotic (DZ) amawele. I-MZ elithoba kunye ne-10 DZ izibini ezingamawele ziye zafumana isisombululo esiphezulu [18F] -DOPA PET ukuvavanya umsebenzi we-presynaptic striatal dopamine. Amaxabiso okuthathwa kwe-striatum iyonke kunye nolwahlulo olusebenzayo lwe-striatal lugqitywe luhlalutyo lwePatlak kusetyenziswa ummandla wesalathiso secerebellar. I-Heritability, imiphumo ekwabelwana ngayo yokusingqongileyo kunye nemiphumo engabelananga ngokuthe ngqo yomntu ngamnye iqikelelwe ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwengingqi yomdla (ROI) kunye nohlalutyo oluqinisekisayo lweparametric. Lulonke uqikelelo lwelifa lokuzala olusuka kwi-ROI kunye nohlalutyo lweparametric lube yi-0.44 kunye ne-0.33, ngokulandelelanayo. Sifumene umahluko phakathi kwelifa lokubeleka kulwahlulo olusebenzayo, kunye nolona qikelelo lukhulu lwelifa olwenzeka kwi-sensorimotor striatum kunye nesiphumo esikhulu sezinto ezithe ngqo zokusingqongileyo kwi-limbic striatum. Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba ukwahluka komsebenzi we-presynaptic striatal dopamine kumiselwa yindibaniselwano yezinto zofuzo kunye nezinto ezithe ngqo zokusingqongileyo, ezineziphumo zokusingqongileyo zosapho ezingenasiphumo. Ezi ziphumo zigxininisa ukubaluleka kwezinto ezithile zokusingqongileyo zomntu ngamnye kumsebenzi we-striatal dopaminergic, ngakumbi kwi-limbic striatum, eneziphumo zokuqonda ukuphazamiseka kwe-neuropsychiatric njenge-schizophrenia kunye nokulutha.
I-Neuropsychopharmacology iqhubela phambili ukupapashwa kwi-intanethi, i-24 ka-Oktobha 2012; doi:10.1038/npp.2012.207.
Indalo kunye nokukhuliswa okukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwindawo yeziko lomvuzo
Uphononongo lwe-PET lokuskena luneziphumo ezibalulekileyo kuphando lwexesha elizayo kwiziphazamiso ezifana nesifo sengqondo, umlutha kunye nesifo sikaParkinson.
NguEliot Barford
Uphononongo olwenziwa ngoosonzululwazi base-Imperial College yaseLondon lubonelele ngengqiqo engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kwiindima zendalo kunye nenkuthazo edlalwa kwindlela yethu yokuziphatha, kunye nefuthe elibalulekileyo kuphando lwexesha elizayo kwiziphazamiso ezifana nesifo sengqondo, ukuba likhoboka kunye nesifo sikaParkinson.
UGqr Paul Stokes ye ISebe lezonyango kunye noogxa bakhe bachithe ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu behlola ubuchopho kwizibini zamawele, belinganisa ukusebenza kwemichiza yobuchopho idopamine. I-Dopamine inegama "njengekhemikhali yolonwabo" kuba ikhutshwa kwingqondo ngokubambisana nomvuzo. “Xa abantu bethatha iyeza okanye besela utywala, isizathu sokuba bafumane ulonwabo okanye umvuzo kungenxa yokukhululwa kwe-dopamine,” utshilo uStokes. Lo mvuzo wemichiza ukhokela indlela esiziphatha ngayo kwaye uyasinceda ukuba sifunde. "I-Dopamine ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwengqondo, kodwa kunye neenkqubo ezingaqhelekanga."
Ukukhutshwa kwe-Dopamine engqondweni kuyahluka phakathi komntu wonke, kodwa ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu okanye eliphantsi linxulunyaniswa nezigulo zengqondo: ukukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-dopamine kwenzeka kubantu abane-schizophrenia, ngelixa kuncinci kakhulu kubonwa kwabo banotywala kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ukusilela kumsebenzi we-dopamine kukwacingelwa ukuba kubangele inkumbulo ecothayo yokusebenza kwabantu abanesifo sikaParkinson.
Iingcali ze-Neuroscientists zisafumanisa ukuba olu tshintsho kumsebenzi we-dopamine ngunobangela wokugula ngengqondo okanye isiphumo soko, kodwa enye yezona mfihlakalo zicinezelayo ukusombulula kukuba zizuzwe njengelifa okanye hayi. Njengoko sisazi ngoku ukuba i-schizophrenia inokuzuzwa njengelifa, kukho umdla omkhulu kwinto yokuba umsebenzi ongasebenziyo we-dopamine unokuqhutywa kwiintsapho. Impendulo iya kuba nempembelelo enkulu kwindlela izifo ezinjalo ziya kunyangwa ngayo kwixesha elizayo. "Ukuqonda indlela imfuza kunye nokusingqongileyo okunefuthe ngayo kwinkqubo ye-dopamine kubaluleke kakhulu," utsho uStokes.
I-striatum ikufuphi nombindi wobuchopho. (Umfanekiso: Uvimba weeNkcukacha zeSayensi yoBomi(LSDB))
I-Dopamine yenza uninzi lomsebenzi wayo kwindawo yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-striatum, iqhuma elingqukuva elingcwatywe phantse kumbindi wengqondo yakho. "I-striatum yindawo encinci yengqondo, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu kumvuzo, iimvakalelo, kunye nemisebenzi yengqondo," ucacisa uStokes. I-striatum iza kumacandelo amathathu anoxanduva olwahlukileyo. I-limbic striatum ibamba loo mvakalelo yomvuzo kunye nenkuthazo eyinikelayo. I-associative striatum ilawula inkumbulo yokusebenza kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokucinga, ngelixa i-sensorimotor striatum inceda ukulawula intshukumo. UStokes noogxa bakhe baqwalasela inxalenye nganye kwezi zintathu ngokwahlukeneyo.
Uyilo lwabo olutsha lophononongo lubandakanya ukwahluka kwe-PET scan. I-PET ibona izixa ezincinane zeradioactivity kumzimba womntu ngokuphezulu, inika uthotho “lweziqwenga” ezinokudityaniswa zibe yimodeli ye-3D. I-radioactivity ivela kwi-tracer efakwe kwisifundo. Kolu phononongo, izazinzulu zasebenzisa i-F-DOPA, imichiza esebenza njengophawu lomsebenzi we-dopamine. I-F-DOPA iguqulwa ibe yi-dopamine ebuchotsheni naphi na apho kukhutshwa khona i-dopamine, ngoko ke iskena se-PET satyhila ukuba ungakanani na umsebenzi we-dopamine owawuqhubeka kwiingqondo zamawele.
Ukujonga amawele kunika ulwazi malunga nelifa elihlala lingafumaneki nayiphi na enye indlela. Ngenxa yokuba amawele afanayo aneDNA efanayo, umahluko phakathi kwawo awunanto yakwenza nofuzo. Unokuqikelela ukuba ingakanani impawu, njengobude okanye ubukrelekrele, obuzuzwa njengelifa ngokufumanisa ukuba ifana kangakanani na kumawele. Umzekelo, ubude bunofuzo oluphezulu - amawele adla ngokuba mde ngokulinganayo - ngelixa ubukrelekrele bunofuzo kwaye amawele ahlala ene-IQs ezahlukeneyo.
Njengoninzi lwezifundo ezingamawele, eli lithelekise amawele afanayo nangafaniyo. Amawele angafaniyo abelana nge-50 yeepesenti ye-DNA yawo, njengaye nawuphi na omnye umzalwana okanye isibini esitshatileyo, kodwa aluthelekiso olungcono lwamawele afanayo njengoko nawo ezalwa ngaxeshanye. UStokes kunye noogxa bakhe bathelekisa umsebenzi we-dopamine kubuchopho bamawele amabini kwaye basebenzisa iimodeli zamanani ukuqikelela ukuba ungakanani umahluko obangelwe yimfuza yabo kunye nokuba yimalini ebangelwe ziimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo.
Bafikelela kwizigqibo ezibini eziphambili. Okokuqala, ilifa lofuzo kunye namava ngabanye abenza ukuba ngamnye oyingqayizivele anempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi ye-dopamine kwi-striatum. "Ngokuqhelekileyo amava ayenzeka emva koko kamva ebomini, ebusheni okanye ekhulile," kuchaza uStockkes. Ngokwahlukileyo, izinto ezikuyo kwimeko yentsapho, njengamava okwabelana ngekhaya kunye nokukhula kunye, ayinayo impembelelo encinci okanye ayikho.
Okwesibini, i-limbic striatum-eyona ndawo iphambili yokufumana umvuzo kunye nenkuthazo- ichaphazeleka ngakumbi ngala mava kunamanye amalungu. Oku kuphakamisa, ngokubangela umdla, ukuba iziko lokonwaba kunye nokuziphatha kwalo likhokelwa ikakhulu ngamava obomi kunakwimfuza yethu. Le mingeni yayikukucinga kwangaphambili ukuba umsebenzi we-dopamine unokufumana ilifa ngokuthe ngqo, ukwenza izizathu zeschizophrenia kunye nokulutha kungamangalisa ngakumbi.
UStokes unethemba lokuba ezi ziphumo ziya kwazisa uphando lwexesha elizayo usebenzisa ubuchule obunjalo bokucinga kwengqondo. "Into endifuna ukuyenza kukuzama ukwenza i-PET ibe luncedo ngakumbi malunga nokuxilongwa, unyango kunye nemilinganiselo yeziphumo." Njengogqirha wengqondo ocebisayo kwiqela elikhulu lempilo yengqondo laseNtshona London, uStokes ufuna ukuba izifundo zakhe zokucinga zibuyele kukhathalelo lwakhe lwezonyango. Ngokubuyisela izigulane kwikliniki yakhe kwizifundo zakhe, ufuna zibe ngabokuqala ukuxhamla kwinkqubela phambili yokuxilongwa kwenzululwazi kunye nonyango oluphuma kuphando lwakhe.
Olu phando luxhaswe yinkxaso-mali evela kwi Ibhunga loPhando lwezoNyango kwaye papashwe kwincwadi Neuropsychopharmacology.
isingqiniso
PRA Stokes et al. “Indalo okanye Ukukhuliswa? Ukumisela iLifa leMveli loMsebenzi we-Human Striatal Dopamine: i [18F]-Isifundo seDOPA PET” Neuropsychopharmacology ukupapashwa kwangaphambili kwi-intanethi nge-24 ka-Okthobha 2012; doi: 10.1038 / npp.2012.207
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