Izimvo: Izazinzulu zehlise i-dopamine kumfana osempilweni. Waba nothotho lweempawu. Abasebenzisa i-porn bahlala befumana iimpawu ezifanayo (okanye ezinye iinguqulelo ezithambileyo) ngexesha lokurhoxa, okanye phakathi kweeseshoni ze-porn. Iimpawu zinokubangelwa kukutshintsha kumanqanaba e-dopamine receptor kunye ne-dopamine ephantsi.
IJ Psychiatry 162:1755, Septemba 2005 doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.9.1755 © 2005 American Psychiatric Association
LIEUWE de HAAN, MD, PH.D., JAN BOOIJ, MD, PH.D., JULES LAVALYE, MD, PH.D., T. van AMELSVOORT, MD, PH.D., kunye no-DON LINSZEN, MD, PH .D. EAmsterdam, eNetherlands
KuMhleli: Iparadigm eyenza ukuthotywa kwe-dopamine ebukhali kunye ne-alphamethylpara tyrosine (AMPT), inhibitor ebuyela umva ye-tyrosine hydroxylase, isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ukuvavanya ukuhlala kwe-striatal dopamine D2 receptors nge-endogenous dopamine in vivo (1). Apha sichaza amava achukumisayo enziwa kukuthotywa kwe-dopamine kwivolontiya elinye elisempilweni. Babandakanya uluhlu olupheleleyo lweempawu zengqondo kwaye baqaqambisa igalelo lenkqubo ye-dopaminergic kwiingxaki ezinkulu ezahlukeneyo zengqondo.
Kwisifundo sethu, ukuncipha kwe-dopamine kwaphunyezwa ngolawulo lomlomo lwe-4.5 g AMPT kwiiyure ezingama-25, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili (1). I-Striatal D2 receptors zavavanywa kwisiseko nasemva kokuncipha kwe-dopamine ebukhali ngokusebenzisa i-bolus / infusion rhoqo [123I] IBZM ubuchule (1). Ukufumana, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha, kunye nokuhlalutya kwedatha enye ye-photon emission computed tomography yenziwe njengoko kuchazwe ngaphambili (2).
UMnu. A wayesempilweni, engaphaya, esebenza kakuhle kakhulu eneminyaka engama-21 ubudala engumfundi wezonyango ngaphandle kobunzima obuncinci bengqondo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kusapho lwakhe. Uvavanyo lwakhe lwe-Global Assessment of Functioning Scale Scale lwaluyi-97. Imvume ebhaliweyo enolwazi yafunyanwa kuMnu A. Siza kuchaza amava azenzekelayo axelwe ngokuzimeleyo emva kokuba eqalise umthamo wokuqala we-750 mg AMPT kwi-t = 0 iiyure (1).
Emva kweeyure ze-7, uMnu A waba nomude ode phakathi kwakhe kunye nendalo yakhe. I-Stimuli yayinempembelelo encinci; i-stimuli ebonakalayo nevelele yayingacacanga. Waye lahlekelwa yimpembelelo kunye nokukhathala. Emva kweeyure ze-18, wayenzima ukuvuka kwaye ukwandisa ukhathala; imbonakalo engqongileyo yayibonakala ingenangqondo. Wayenobuchule obuncinane bokuthetha. Emva kweeyure ze-20, wadideka. Waziva ebudeni ngaphambi kokuba aqeshwe kwaye wayenomdla wokujonga i-watch yakhe ngendlela ephazamisayo.
Emva kweeyure ze-24, uMnu A wayenokungazinzi kwangaphakathi, ukuhamba kweengcamango; Iimbono zakhe zazibonakala zikhutshwe, kwaye wayengenakuzikhumbula. Wayevalelwa ukulahleka kokulawula kwiingcamango zakhe. Emva kweeyure ze-28, waziva entloni, eyikayika, exhalabile kwaye ecinezelekile. Wayesaba ukuba imeko iya kuqhubeka. Ngelo xesha, i-blepharospasm, ubuso bomask, kunye nokuthuthumela kwaphawulwa. Emva kweeyure ze-30, wayekhathele kwaye walala iiyure ze-11. Emva kweeyure ze-42, wayenengxaki yokunyamekela. Ngeeyure ezilandelayo, wabuyela kwisiqhelo.
I-striatal-to-nonspecific binding ratio yayiyi-27% ephezulu emva kokuba uMnu A ethathe i-AMPT xa kuthelekiswa nemeko yesiseko, ebonisa ukuchithwa okukhulu kwe-acute dopamine (1).
Ngexesha lokonyuka kokuncipha kwe-dopamine kule meko, uluhlu lwamava azimeleyo avela kwaye anyamalala ngokulandelelana. La mava afane neempawu ezingalunganga, iimpawu ezinyanzelekileyo, ukuphazamiseka kwengcinga, kunye nexhala kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo kwaye ziqaqambise ukubaluleka kwendima ye-dopamine kwiziphazamiso ezinkulu zengqondo. Kwizifundo zangaphambili, i-AMPT yafunyaniswa ithoba imo, yenza ukudinwa, inciphise ukuphaphama, kunye/okanye ibangele iimpawu ze-extrapyramidal kubantu abathile abasempilweni (ihlaziywe kwireferensi yesi-3).
Ekubeni amava okuthobela ngenxa yokuphulukana kakhulu kwe-dopamine ingaba yinto ephawulekayo, sikholelwa ukuba izifundo ezithatha inxaxheba ekufundiseni ukuphulukiswa kwe-dopamine kufuneka ziziswe kakuhle malunga nemiphumo emibi yexeshana.
Ucaphulo
1. Verhoeff NP, Kapur S, Hussey D, Lee M, Christensen B, Papatheodorou G, Zipursky RB: Indlela elula yokulinganisa indawo yokuhlala ye-neostriatal dopamine D2 receptors nge-dopamine kwi-vivo kwizifundo eziphilileyo. I-Neuropsychopharmacology 2001; 25:213–223[CrossRef][Medline]
2. Booij J, Korn P, Linszen DH, van Royen EA: Uvavanyo lokukhutshwa kwe-dopamine engapheliyo ngomngeni we-methylphenidate usebenzisa i-iodine-123 iodobenzamide single-photon emission tomography. I-Eur J Nucl Med 1997; 24:674–677[Medline]
3. I-Booij L, uVan der Ngaba i-AJ, i-Riedel WJ: Ukuchithwa kwe-Monoamine kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nempilo yabantu. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8:951–973[CrossRef][Medline]
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