Lo ngumfanekiso wobuchopho oboniswa kwiorenji / ebomvu kwindawo enye yobuchopho apho inkqubo ye-painkiller yendalo (opioid) yayisebenza kakhulu kumavolontiya ophando afumana ukwaliwa ekuhlaleni. Lo mmandla, obizwa ngokuba yi-amygdala, wawungomnye… nangakumbi
"Izinti namatye zinokuwaphula amathambo am, kodwa amazwi awasoze andonzakalise," sihamba isingqisho sokudlala ekufanele ukuba sincede abantwana banyamezele ukungcikivwa ngabantwana abafunda nabo. Kodwa isifundo esitsha sicebisa ukuba kukho okungakumbi okuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwengqondo yethu xa umntu esitsala-kwaye nengqondo inokuba nendlela yayo yokunciphisa iintlungu zentlalo.
Iziphumo, ezipapashwe kutshanje kwiMoleky Psychiatry liqela laseYunivesithi yaseMichigan yeZonyango, zibonisa ukuba inkqubo ye-painkiller yendalo yengqondo iyaphendula ukwaliwa ekuhlaleni-hayi nje ukwenzakala komzimba.
Ngapha koko, abantu abanamanqaku aphezulu kubuntu obubizwa ngokuba nokomelela- ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa notshintsho kwindalo esingqongileyo-babenelona nani liphezulu lokuvuselelwa kwe-painkiller yendalo.
Iqela, elisekwe kwi-UM's Molecular and Behaeveal Neuroscience Institute, lisebenzise indlela entsha yokwenza iziphumo zalo. Badibanise ukuskena kwengqondo okuqhubela phambili okunokuthi kulandele ukukhutshwa kweekhemikhali kwingqondo kunye nemodeli yokwaliwa kwezentlalo esekwe kukuthandana kwi-Intanethi. Umsebenzi uxhaswe liziko loxinzelelo lwe-UM, iZiko laseMichigan loPhando lweKlinikhi kunye nezeMpilo, iZiko loPhando lweBongo kunye nokuziphatha, iPhil F Jenkins Foundation, kunye namaZiko ezeMpilo kaZwelonke.
Zagxila kwinkqubo ye-mu-opioid receptor ebuchotsheni - inkqubo efanayo neqela eliyifundileyo iminyaka ngokunxulumene nokuphendula kwintlungu yomzimba. Ngaphezu kweshumi leminyaka, umsebenzi we-UM ubonakalisile ukuba xa umntu esiva iintlungu emzimbeni, ubuchopho babo bukhupha iikhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba zii-opioids kwisithuba esiphakathi kwe-neurons, dampening signal pain.
UDavid T. Hsu, Ph.D., umbhali okhokelayo kwiphepha elitsha, uthi uphando olutsha malunga nokwaliwa kwintlalo lukhule kwizifundo zamva nje, ezibonisa ukuba iindlela zengqondo ezenziwa ngexesha leentlungu zomzimba kunye neentlungu zentlalo ziyafana. .
"Olu luhlolisiso lokuqala ukukhangela kwingqondo yomntu ukubonisa ukuba inkqubo ye-opioid iyenziwa ngexesha lokuchaswa eluntwini," utshilo uHsu, uprofesa ongumncedisi wophando kwizifundo zengqondo. "Ngokubanzi, iiopioids zaziwa ukuba ziyakhululwa ngexesha loxinzelelo lwentlalo kunye nokuzihlukanisa kwizilwanyana, kodwa apho oku kusenzeka khona kwingqondo yomntu khange kuboniswe kude kube ngoku."
Olu phononongo lubandakanye abantu abadala be-18 abaye bacelwa ukuba bajonge iifoto kunye neefoto zobuxoki zabanye abantu abadala. Ngamnye ukhethe abanye abanokuba banomdla kakhulu kwezothando - isetingi elifanayo nokuthandana kwe-intanethi.
Kodwa emva koko, xa abathathi-nxaxheba bebelele kumatshini wokucingela ubuchopho obizwa ngokuba sisikena sePET, baxelelwa ukuba abantu ababathandileyo babanomtsalane kwaye abanamdla kubo.
Isikali sobuchopho esenziwe ngeli xesha kubonakaliswa ukukhutshwa kwe-opioid, kulinganiswa ngokujonga ukufumaneka kwee-mu-opioid receptors kwiiseli zobuchopho. Iziphumo zazinkulu kwimimandla yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-ventral striatum, i-amygdala, i-midline thalamus, kunye ne-periaqueductal grey -indawo ezaziwa ngokuba zibandakanyeka kwintlungu yomzimba.
Abaphandi baqinisekisile ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bayaqonda kwangexesha ukuba iiprofayili "zokuthandana" zazingeyonyani, kwaye kunjalo "nokwaliwa" Kodwa nangona kunjalo, ukwaliwa ekulinganisweni kwakwanele ukubangela zombini impendulo yeemvakalelo kunye neopioid.
Ukubandezeleka kwesilayidi kunye neentolo ezahlukeneyo
UHsu uphawula ukuba ubuntu obungaphantsi babathathi-nxaxheba babonakala ngathi badlala indima kwindlela ezininzi zokuphendula kwiinkqubo zabo ze-opioid ezenziwe.
"Abantu abafumene amanqaku aphezulu ngenxa yokomelela kwikhweshine yobuntu bathande ukuba nako ukukhutshwa kwe-opioid ngexesha lokuchaswa eluntwini, ngakumbi kwi-amygdala," ingingqi yengqondo ebandakanyeka kulungiso lweemvakalelo, utshilo uHsu. "Oku kuphakamisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwe-opioid kolu lwakhiwo ngexesha lokuchaswa kungabakhusela okanye kulungelelanise."
Ukukhutshwa kwe-opioid ngakumbi ngexesha lokungamkelwa koluntu kwenye indawo yengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pregenual cingate cortex, kokukhona abathathi-nxaxheba baxela ukuba babekwe kwimeko engalunganga ziindaba zokuba babanjiwe.
Abaphandi baphinde bavavanya okwenzekayo xa abathathi-nxaxheba baxelelwa ukuba umntu abonakalise umdla kuye ubonakalisile umdla kubo - ukwamkelwa eluntwini. Kule meko, eminye imimandla yobuchopho nayo yayinokukhutshwa okungakumbi kwe-opioid. "Inkqubo ye-opioid iyaziwa ukuba idlala indima ekunciphiseni iintlungu kunye nokukhuthaza ukonwaba, kwaye isifundo sethu sibonisa ukuba ikwenza oku nakwintlalo yoluntu," utshilo uHsu.
Olu phando lutsha lubaluleke ngaphezu kokufumanisa nje okumsulwa, qaphela ababhali, ababandakanya umbhali omkhulu uJon-Kar Zubieta, MD, Ph.D., umphandi weopioid ekudala esenza. Ngokukodwa, baqhubeka nophando oluthe kratya malunga nendlela abo basemngciphekweni, okanye ngoku abanengxaki yoxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo lwentlalo abaneempendulo ezingaqhelekanga ze-opioid ukwaliwa kunye / okanye ukwamkelwa. Kungenzeka ukuba abo banexinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo lwasentlalweni abanako ukukhupha i-opioids ngexesha loxinzelelo lwentlalo, kwaye ngenxa yoko abapholi ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokuzeleyo kumava entlalontle. Ngokukwanjalo, aba bantu banokuba nokukhutshwa kwe-opioid okuncinci ngexesha lokunxibelelana okuhle kwezentlalo, kwaye ngenxa yoko abanokufumana okuninzi kwinkxaso yezentlalo, ”utshilo uHsu.
I-Hsu ikwaphawula ukuba mhlawumbi amayeza amatsha e-opioid ngaphandle komlutha kunokuba lunyango olusebenzayo kuxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lwentlalo. Nangona la mayeza engekafumaneki, uyongeza, "ubungqina obandayo bokungqubana kwe-neural yentlungu yomzimba neyasentlalweni iphakamisa ithuba elibalulekileyo lokuphanda uphando kunyango lweentlungu ezinganyangekiyo kunyango lwezifo zengqondo."
Ukuba akukho nto iyenye, mhlawumbi sazi ukuba impendulo yethu kwintlalontle ayisiyiyo "konke kwiintloko zethu" inokunceda abanye abantu baqonde iimpendulo zabo kwaye bajongane ngcono, utshilo uHsu. Kuyathuthuzela ukwazi ukuba zikhona iikhemikhali ezingqondweni zethu ezisebenza ukusinceda sizive ngcono emva kokuba sikhatyiwe. ”
Jonga ngakumbi: Ukulandela utyando lwe-bariatric, ukusetyenziswa kwee-opioids kunyuka phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-opioid esingapheliyo
Ulwazi ngakumbi: I-Moleky Psychiatry, i-DoI: 10.1038 / mp.2013.96
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