UJun 17, 2015 11: 40 AM nguSusan Scutti
Amanqanaba e-serotonin ye-neurotransmitter kubantu abanengxaki yokuxhalaba kwezentlalo kunokuba phezulu kakhulu, kungabi phantsi kakhulu, njengoko bekukholelwa ngaphambili. Lili Vieira de Carvalho
Ukuxhalaba kwexhala kuchaphazela ngaphezulu kwe-25 yezigidi zaseMelika. Ngokukodwa, abo bane-phobia yentlalo baziva behlazekile, bephantsi kwaye bengakhululekanga xa bekwiimeko zikawonkewonke. A isifundo esitsha isuka Uppsala University ifikelela kwingcambu yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Abaphandi bathi amanqanaba e-serotonin, i-neurotransmitter, kubantu abanoxinzelelo lwexhala ekuhlaleni abuphantsi kakhulu njengoko bekukholelwa ngaphambili - endaweni yoko, aba bantu banexhala bavelisa i-serotonin eninzi. Kwaye, ukuba liphezulu inqanaba lele-neurotransmitter, kokukhona bexhalaba ngakumbi.
UTomas Furmark, uprofesa wezengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseUppsala yaseSweden, wathi: "Isifundo sethu sinika ukuqonda okungcono malunga nendlela i-serotonin enegalelo ngayo kuxinzelelo." ZoNyango lweMpilo kwi-imeyile, ngokubhekele phaya ngokubaluleka kokuqonda i-etiology yokuphazamiseka koxinzelelo.
Kutshanje izifundo ezincinci yoxinzelelo lwentlalo olufunyenwe ngaphezu kwekota ezintathu zabaguli baqala ukuphucula iimpawu zabo ngaphambi kweminyaka ye-18. Xa kuthelekiswa nezo zibonakalise ukuba ziqale zibonakale kamva ebomini, iqela lokuqala-ukuya kwinqanaba lalinamanqaku aphezulu kwiimvavanyo zoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo, kunye namanqaku asezantsi kwiimvavanyo zokusebenza zehlabathi. Kulawo abo unexhala lokuqala, abo uxinzelelo kunye nezinye iimpawu zinzima kwaye kunzima ngakumbi ukunyanga.
Ngokwesiqhelo, abagqirha bengqondo banyanga i-phobia yentlalo ngamayeza aziwa njenge-serotonin reuptake inhibitors okanye SSRIs, uhlobo lwesiyobisi esitshintsha inani le-neurotransmitter serotonin kwingqondo.
UFurmark noGqr. Mats Fredrikson, omnye unjingalwazi wezengqondo kwiYunivesithi yase-Uppsala, babuza umbuzo ophantsi wendlela yokunyanga abaguli abanee-SSRIs: Yeyiphi indima yeeseli, ngokuchanekileyo, idlala njani i-serotonin kwi-phobia yentlalo?
Ugqwetha kakhulu uloyiko
Ukufumana iinyani, basebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuskena ubuchopho, iskena se-PET, ukulinganisa i-serotonin kubuchwephesha bokuzithandela nge-phobia yentlalo. Ngokufanelekileyo, emva koko, balandelela imbonakalo yekhemikhali egqithiselwe phakathi kweeseli zengqondo.
Unxibelelwano ngaphakathi kwengqondo lusebenza ngolu hlobo: Ukukhupha iiseli ze-serotonin kwindawo phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo. Emva koko, i-serotonin inamathela kwiiseli ze-receptor. Ukulandela oku, i-serotonin ikhutshwe kwi-receptor kwaye ibuyele kwiseli yokuqala.
Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba abaguli abanengxaki yokuzihlaziya babevelisa i-serotonin eninzi kwi-amygdala. Lo mmandla wobuchopho, obambeke ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwizikhuselo zethu, sisihlalo sezona mvakalelo zethu zangaphambili, kubandakanya uloyiko. I-serotonin engakumbi eveliswa kule ndawo, ke, abantu abaxhalabileyo ngakumbi baziva kwiimeko zentlalo.
Le nto intsha ayifakwanga umngeni kuphando lwangaphambili. Izifundo zesayensi zangaphambili zingqine abantu abane-phobia yentlalo banomsebenzi ophezulu we-nerve kwi-amygdala - kubantu abanxungupheleyo, iziko lokoyika ingqondo lithe kratya. Olu phando lutsha lugqibezela umsebenzi wangaphambili kunye nengcebiso yokuba intsalela ye-serotonin inokuba (ubuncinci be) Isizathu soku.
Serotonin, ke, ayinciphisi ixhala njengoko bekucingelwa ngaphambili, iyayonyusa. Uphando olongezelelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezisisiseko zekhemikhali zoxinzelelo kufuneka luncede oosonzululwazi baphande unyango oluqhelekileyo kwaye banokuphuhlisa amatsha amancinci okuba yeyiphi imeko ebeka imeko entle kwabanye abantu.
"Kungafuneka siphinde sicingisise ukuba iziyobisi ezinciphisa uxinzelelo, njenge-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs), ziyenza njani into yazo kwizigulana ezinengxaki yokuxhalaba," utshilo uFurmark.
Umthombo: Frick A, Åhs F, Engman J, et al. I-Serotonin Synthesis kunye nokuPhindwa kweXinzelelo leXhala lezeNtlalontle: Isifundo seThayile ye-Positron Emission Tomography. I-JAMA Psychiatry. 2015.
Izicatshulwa zikaGqr Furmark zongezwa ngokulandelayo emva kokuposwa kweli nqaku.
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