Kukho ingxaki eyenza ukuba ungonwabi, kwaye izazinzulu ziqala nje ukuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani
Kukho igama lokungakwazi ukonwaba kwimisebenzi owakha wayifumana uyonwabile, umxholo wentengiso ezingenakubalwa zamayeza oxinzelelo: i-anhedonia.
Kwi isifundo epapashe ngolwesine kwijenali yezeNzululwazi, izazinzulu zivuse iingqondo zamagundane ukukhuthaza iimvakalelo zesifo sengqondo, ukunceda ukucacisa ukuba le nto ivela njani kwingqondo.
Ngethemba, oku kuqonda ngenye imini kunokukhokelela kunyango olungcono lokudakumba kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nemo yempilo.
Ukonwaba kwingqondo
I-Anhedonia, eyiGrike ethi "ngaphandle kokonwaba," luphawu lwezifo zengqondo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukudangala kwaye schizophrenia.
Ngokwesiqhelo xa sifumana ukonwaba, ukusayinela imichiza ye-neural yezikhukhula yinxalenye yeziko lomvuzo wobuchopho bethu elibizwa ngokuba yi-striatum.
Uphando lwangaphambili lubonisa ukuba i-anhedonia inokunxulunyaniswa nomsebenzi ophantsi kwinxalenye yengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yi-medial preortal cortex (mPFC), enokuthi isebenze njengohlobo lomqhubi wenkqubo yomvuzo wobuchopho. Kodwa asikaqondi ngqo ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni.
Ukuphanda ngakumbi, unjingalwazi we-neuroscientist u-Emily Ferenczi kunye nabalingane bakhe basebenzise ubugcisa bokucinga kunye neendlela zokuphembelela ukwenza i-anhedonia kumagundane.
Kuqala, bakhuthaze i-dopamine neurons kwizibeleko zezilwanyana (apho i-dopamine ineziphumo zayo) ngokukhanya okukhanyayo kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ezibuthathaka, indlela eyaziwa ngokuba yi-optogenetics. Oku kubangele ukwanda kwimisebenzi kwindawo yomvuzo okanye kwi-striatum, eyayilinganiswe ngokucinga ngemagneti ye-resonance imaging (fMRI), indlela efumanisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo.
Emva koko bakhuthaza ii-neurons kwi-MPMP yeempuku, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba kunciphisa umsebenzi kwi-striatum. Kuvavanyo olunye, ukukhuthaza kwenza ukuba izilwanyana ziphulukane nomdla wokusela amanzi aneswekile, aqhele ukukhetha ngaphezulu kwamanzi acocekileyo. Kwesinye isilingo, sokukhuthaza i-mPFC yenza iigundane ukuba zingabikho kwezentlalo xa zinikwa enye iirati ezincinci.
Okokugqibela, ukuvuselela i-mPFC komeleze uqhagamshelo lwayo nakwezinye iindawo zobuchopho, ngelixa kunciphisa uxhulumaniso kwimimandla ethile ebandakanyeka kuxinzelelo kunye ne-schizophrenia, abaphandi banika ingxelo kolu phando.
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-anhedonia ibangela iziphumo zayo nge-mPFC, elawula ukukhutshwa kwe-dopamine kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho.
Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo ziyahambelana nezo zaphononongwa kwangaphambili kwi-anhedonia.
Kwi-2003 encinci isifundo kwijenali yeNeuroreport, abaphandi bajonga ubuchopho babafazi abali-14 - basixhenxe abafunyaniswa benengxaki yokudakumba kunye nabasetyhini abasixhenxe abasempilweni- ngelixa bebabonisa imifanekiso elungileyo okanye engathathi hlangothi. Xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo ezisempilweni, abafazi abadandathekileyo babenomsebenzi osezantsi kwiMPFC.
Kwaye izazinzulu ziye zaphumelela ekunyangeni uxinzelelo ngokujolisa kulo mmandla ngokuvuselela ingqondo okunzulu, indlela ebandakanya ukucofa iiseli zengqondo kunye nombane omncinci. U-2005 isifundo kwijenali yeNeuron yafumanisa ukuba abane kwizigulana ezithandathu ezinedepression ezifumene inkuthazo kwiMPFC ziye kuxolelo.
Ludibeneyo, olu phando lutyhila ukuba ukujikeleza kwengqondo yethu kunokuhamba ngendlela engalunganga kwaye kuluncede ulonwabo ebomini-kwaye yalathe kwindlela enokubakho yokulwa ingxaki.
;