IiNethiwekhi zoBununu ngexesha lokuBoniswa kweeFreekthi zeFree Complex I-Movie ye-Erotic: Ukwazisa olutsha kwi-Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction (2014)

PLoS One. I-2014 Aug 15; 9 (8): e105336. doi: 10.1371 / ijenali.pone.0105336. eCollection 2014.

UCera N1, UDi Pierro ED2, UFerretti A1, UTartaro A1, URomani GL1, I-Perrucci MG1.

Ipapashwe: Agasti 15, 2014

I-DoI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0105336

Abstract

I-Psychogenic erectile dysfunction (i-ED) ichazwa njengokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesini kwendoda okuphawulwa kukungazinzisi okanye ukungafikeleli kwakhona ekufumaneni i-penile erection ngenxa yokubekwa ikakhulu okanye ngokukodwa kwizinto zengqondo okanye zezengqondo. Izifundo zangaphambili ze-FMRI zazisekwe kwinto eqhelekileyo ekuziphatheni ngokwesini kwendoda emelwe kukuvuseleleka ngokwesini kunye ne-penile erection enxulumene nokubukela imovie engathandekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina bokuvavanywa bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha obuguqulweyo kwiziguli zengqondo ze-psychogenic ED (EDp). Olunye uphononongo lubonise ukuba umsebenzi we-fMRI oqokelelwe ngexesha lokungaboni bhanyabhanya ngokwesini unokuhlalutywa ngendlela ethembekileyo ngohlalutyo lwezinto ezizimeleyo (i-ICA) kunye nokuba uthungelwano lweziphumo zobuchopho luyahambelana nezifundo zangaphambili zokuphumla zikarhulumente. Kwisifundo esikhoyo, siphande ukuguqulwa kothungelwano lobuchopho kwi-EDp ngokuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni (i-HC), sisebenzisa i-fMRI yengqondo iphela ngexesha lokujonga ngokukhululekileyo kwividiyo ezingaqhelekanga. I-16th ye-EDp kunye neshumi elinethoba ye-HC yaqeshwa emva kovavanyo lwe-RigiScan, isifo sengqondo, novavanyo ngokubanzi kwezonyango. I-ICA eyenziweyo yabonisa ukuba inethiwekhi yokubonakalayo (VN), inethiwekhi emiselweyo (DMN), inethiwekhi ye-fronto-parietal (FPN) kunye nothungelwano lwe-salience (SN) zazingaguquguquki ngokokuhamba komhlaba kwi-EDp ne-HC. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko phakathi kweqela kukunxibelelana kokusebenza kwaqwalaselwa kwi-DMN nakwi-SN. Kwi-DMN, i-EDp ibonise ukwehla kwexabiso lokunxibelelana kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwe-parietal lobes, i-cortex yangaphambi kokuba yi-cortex kunye ne-medial preortal cortex, ngelixa kwi-SN yancipha kwaye yanda uxhulumaniso lwabonwa kwindawo efanelekileyo yokufaka kunye nakwi-cortex ye-cortex efanelekileyo. Amanqanaba anciphileyo wokunxibelelana okusebenzayo kokusebenza ngokuyintloko abandakanyeka inkqubo esetyenzisiweyo ye-DMN efanelekileyo ukuze umntu akwazi ukuzikhathaza ngengqondo ekhathaza ukukhumbula amava adlulileyo, ukucinga ngekamva kunye nokujonga umbono wezenzo zabanye. Ngaphaya koko, umahluko phakathi kweqela kwiiyindawo ze-SN iphakamise ukuqondwa okunciphileyo kotshintsho oluzimeleyo nolweyesondo kwi-EDp.

Amanani

Citation: UCera N, uDi Pierro ED, uFerretti A, uTartaro A, uRomani GL, et al. (I-2014) Iinethiwekhi zobuchopho ngexesha lokujonga simahla kweFilimu eyintsonkothileyo: Izibalo ezitsha kwiPsychgen Erectile Dysfunction. I-PloS ONE 9 (8): e105336. doi: 10.1371 / ijenali.pone.0105336

umhleli: Qiyong Gong, Isibhedlele saseNtshona China seYunivesithi yaseSichuan, China

I funyenwe: Ngamana i-9, 2013; Zamkelwa: Julayi 23, 2014; Yashicilelwe: Agasti 15, 2014

Copyright: © 2014 Cera et al. Eli linqaku lokufikelela ngokuvulekileyo elihanjiswe phantsi kwemiqathango ye Ilayisenisi yeCreation Commons Licribution, evumela ukusetyenziswa, ukuhanjiswa, nokuvelisa okungahambisani naluphi na uhlobo, ukuba unobumba bokuqala kunye nomthombo baxelwe.

Inkxaso: Aba babhali abanayo inkxaso okanye imali yokuxela.

Injongo yokunyanzela: Ababhali baye bavakalisa ukuba akukho mfuno ekhuphisanayo.

intshayelelo

Izikhokelo ezikhoyo zichaze i-Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction (ED) njengokungasebenzi komzimba ngokwesini okubonakaliswa kukungafezekisi okanye ukungafezekisi komntu ekufezekiseni, okanye ukugcina ukwakheka okwaneleyo kwembali kude kube kugqitywe umsebenzi wokwabelana ngesondo, kubangele ubukhulu becala okanye ngokukhethekileyo ziimeko zengqondo nangokomntu. [1], [2]. Izinto ezahlukeneyo zengqondo zihambelana nokukhula kwe-ED. Ingakumbi, amava abuhlungu adlulileyo, ukungafundiseki ngezokwabelana ngesondo kunye nokukhuliswa okungqongqo kunokuthathwa njengezinto ezinokubangela ingozi. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lobomi, iingxaki zobudlelwane, uxinzelelo losapho okanye intlalontle kunye nemicimbi ephambili yobomi inokuthathwa njengezinto ezikhokelela kwisahlulo se-psychogenic ED [3]. Ukongeza, i-Psychogenic ED induces ephawulweyo uxinzelelo okanye ubunzima obudibanisa kunye (DSM-IV). Kwindlela yokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi yemihla ngemihla, abaguli be-psychogenic abaguli baxela uthotho lweengxaki zolwalamano lwesibini, ubunzima obuphakathi kwabantu kunye noxinzelelo olunxulumene neziganeko zobomi ezibalulekileyo, ezinjengokuphulukana nomsebenzi okanye iingxaki zoqoqosho.

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kwizifundo ezininzi ezinobuchule, eziqhutywa kumavolontiya asempilweni asebenzisa imbonakalo yesini ebonakalayo ichaza iseti entsonkothileyo yemimandla yobuchopho kunye ne-cortical Cortex (ACC; MCC), i-Insula, iClaustrum, kunye le Hypothalamus [4]-[18]. Kwelinye icala, zimbalwa ezihlolwayo eziphande ngokusebenza kwengqondo kwizigulana ezine-psychogenic ED (EDp) xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo olusempilweni (HC) [8], [11]. Ngaphaya koko, lunye kuphela uphononongo olubonise ukwehla kwevolthi yemba engwevu ngembalelwano yeVentral Striatum kunye neHypothalamus kwi-EDp ngokuthelekiswa ne-HC [19].

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, izifundo ze-fMRI zibonise umahluko wengingqi kwimisebenzi ye-BOLD ngokuthelekisa ukuboniswa kwesini kunye nemvuselelo yokubonwayo engeyiyo eyokwabelana ngesondo. [4]-[18]. Isiseko kwezi zifundo zokucinga kukurekhodwa okufanayo kwe-penile erection, ethathwa njengophawu lokuvuselela ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhaphakileyo kokuziphatha ngokwesondo kwindoda ngexesha lokuvuselelwa okubonakalayo okukhohlakeleyo. [4], [5].

Kutshanje, kuye kwakho umdla okhulayo womsebenzi wobuchopho oboniswe kukukhuthazeka okusebenzayo ngokwasendalweni [18], [20]-[22]. Umcimbi ophambili kwiparadigms yokwenza isebenze kukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwesikhuthazo esinikelwe isifundo kunye nomsebenzi othile wengqondo. Iindlela zohlalutyo olusekwe kwi-Hypothesis, ezinje nge-General Linear Model (i-GLM), azinakufakwa kwidatha eqokelelwe ngexesha lokukhuthaza intsebenzo yes cinematographic [23]. Ewe, izifundo zangaphambili, zisebenzisa isixhobo se-cinematographic eshukumayo esisebenzayo ngaphandle kwesondo, sisebenzise iindlela eziqhutywa zedatha ezingadingi ntetho “ye-priori”. Olu phononongo lubonakalise ukuba idatha ye-fMRI eyinkimbinkimbi inokuhlalutywa ngokuthembekileyo ngohlahlelo loLuhlaziyo lweCandelo (ICA) elibonisa iziphumo ezingaguqukiyo [21], [22]. Ke, i-ICA ​​sisixhobo esiluncedo sokuhlalutya idatha ye-fMRI eqokelelwe ngexesha lokukhuthaza i-cinematographic [21], [22]. Nje ukuba iqokelelwe, i-ICA ​​inokwahlulahlula idatha ye-fMRI kwizinto ezongeziweyo nezizimeleyo. Le ndlela isekwe kubume benkqubela yedatha, ngaphandle kolwaziso "olubambekayo". Umnatha wonxibelelwano obangela isishwankathelo sokuyilwa kokusebenza kwe-somato-motor, ukubonwa, ukuphicotha, ukujonga, ulwimi, kunye neenethiwekhi zenethiwekhi eziqhele ukumodareyitha ngexesha lomsebenzi [24], [25]. Uninzi lolwazi malunga neenkqubo eziphantsi kwenethiwekhi yobuchopho zazivela kwizifundo zokuphumla zikarhulumente fMRI (rsfMRI).

Olona uthungelwano lweengqondo ezifundwayo zezi: iNethiwekhi yeNdlela eMiselweyo (DMN) [26], Inethiwekhi yokuBala (SN); Inethiwekhi yeFronto Parietal Control Network (FPN), iNethiwekhi yeSensory eyiNqanawa (i-SMN), iNethiwekhi yeVisual (VN), kunye neNethiwekhi yokuLumkisa iDorsal (DAN) [27]-[28]. Ezi nethiwekhi zinxulumene nomsebenzi ophambili weemvakalelo, ingqondo kunye nemisebenzi yeemvakalelo [26]-[31].

Indoda evuselela inkanuko yesini inokuthathwa njengamava ahlukeneyo aquka imvakalelo yengqondo, inkululeko, ingqondo kunye nezinto ezivuselelayo. [5], [7]. Kwelinye icala, ukuthintela ukwabelana ngesondo, kuthathwa njengenxalenye yeenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo, yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwi-Psychogenic ED.

Kwisifundo sethu sangaphambili [11], I-Psychogenic ED ibonakala inxulumene nokuvavanya okungahambelaniyo koxhokonxa i-erotic, ukuziqonda ngokwakho malunga nokutshintsha komzimba, ukubeka umda kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokulungisa. Ukuphendula kwengqondo okufudukayo kunxulumene nomsebenzi obonwe kwimimandla njenge-medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC), ii-Pobetal Lobes, i-Insular, kunye ne-ACC / MCC iindawo eziphambili ze-DMN, FPN, kunye ne-SN [26]-[31].

Kwisifundo esikhoyo se-FMRI, i-EDp kunye ne-HC zaziswa iklip yevidiyo evusa inkanuko yokuvavanya ukungafani kwemvelaphi yothungelwano lobuchopho, kusetyenziswa i-ICA. Ukujonga ngokukhululekileyo kweklip ye-erotic ekhethiweyo kuzisa ukuvuswa kwesondo emadodeni asempilweni, ukuvumela ukuphononongwa kothungelwano lobuchopho okunxulumene nokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo ngokwesini kunye ne-pathological.

Impahla nenkqubo

Izihloko kunye nokukhuthaza

Ishumi elinantlanu ukuphuma kwesini ngaphandle kwesini esichaphazelekileyo kukungasebenzi kwengqondo kwe-Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction (kuthetha iminyaka ye-33.4 ± 10.7 SD, uluhlu lwe-19-63) (i-EDp) kunye neshumi elinantlanu amadoda asempilweni abonisa ukuba abesilisa abatshatileyo (kuthetha ubudala = 33.5 ± 11.4 SD, ububanzi 21-67) zibandakanyiwe kolu phando.

Ukuxilongwa kwengqondo ye-Psychogenic Erectile dysfunction yenziwa ngokwezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo: ukungabikho kwembonakalo yobume bezinto eziphilayo okanye imeko yomngcipheko we-Erectile Dysfunction, erections eziqhelekileyo zangomso, i-penody hemodynamics eqhelekileyo ngokombala Doppler Sonography kunye nokuhamba okungaqhelekanga ebusuku njengoko kuvandlakanywa sisixhobo seRigiScan® kubusuku obuthathu ngokulandelelana. Iintshukumo eziqhelekileyo zobusuku obuqhelekileyo kunye ne-penile hemodynamic zaqinisekiswa nazo kwi-HC, zibonisa amaxabiso afanayo kula maqela mabini.

Iikhrayitheriya zokugxothwa kuwo omabini la maqela zezi: (i) iintlanganiso ze-DSM-IV kuyo nayiphina ingxaki ye-1 kunye ne-2 axis ephononongiweyo kuvavanywa udliwanondlebe olawulwa yi-Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Udliwanondlebe (MINI) [32]; (ii) Ukusetyenziswa kwalo naluphi na unyango olunokusebenza ngokuchaphazeleka kunye namanye amayeza anokuchaphazela ukusebenza ngokwesondo. (iii) Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zokuzonwabisa ngexesha leentsuku ze-30 zangaphambili; (iv) Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza enzelwe ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokwesondo; kunye (v) nembali yokwenza naliphi na ityala lesondo elivavanywe ngudliwanondlebe lwezonyango.

Kwi-HC, iikhrayitheriya zokukhuphela ezongeziweyo zazimi ngolu hlobo: (i) imbali yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile; (ii) ukunqongophala kwamava esini.

I-EDp kunye ne-HC (1 Table) azange ahlukane ngokobuhlanga, ubudala, imfundo, imeko yomtshato kunye nentlalo, kunye nokusetyenziswa komoya [33].

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Itheyibhile 1. Iziphumo zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha.

I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0105336.t001

Zonke izifundo ezinokubakho ziye zenziwa udliwanondlebe kwi-1-h nonyango lweengqondo kwaye zagcwalisa inani lemibuzo ebandakanya i-Index ye-Erectile Function (IIEF) [34], Uluhlu lweempahla zeSondo eliQhelekileyo lweSondo liyandisiwe (i-SAI-E) [35], [36] kunye ne-SCL-90-R [37], I-State-Trait Anxcare Inventory (i-STAI) [38], BIS / BAS isikali [39]. Uyilo lophononongo lwaluchazwe banzi kwaye zonke izifundo zifundwa zaza zasayina ifom yemvume ngaphambi kokuba yenziwa udliwanondlebe nokuzalisa amaphepha emibuzo. Imvume yezifundo yafunyanwa ngokwesibhengezo seHelsinki. Olu phando lwamkelwe yiKomiti yokuziphatha yeYunivesithi yaseChieti.

Ukukhetha ukhetho lwevidiyo, ii-30 zekhethelo ezikhethiweyo kwiimovie zentengiso kwaye zenziwa ngendlela ehleliweyo kwizifundo ze-20 zempilo (iminyaka ye-20-61 iminyaka) eyayijonga ngasese kunye nokulinganisa iziphumo, ngokomyinge wokulinganisa, ubuncinci I-1 kunye nobuninzi be-7, kuthathelwa ingqalelo le milinganiso ilandelayo: umgangatho weekliphu kunye nesandi esonakeleyo. Nangona kunjalo izifundo eziye zaqeshwa ukuze zikhethwe azange zithathe inxaxheba kulingo lwe-FMRI.

Iklip yevidiyo nganye ekhethiweyo yabonisa ubudlelwane bokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwendoda enye nomntu obhinqileyo (ukulala, isondo lobufazi, kunye nokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo) kulandela isikhokelo seKoukounas nangaphezulu [40] kwaye yaziswa kumthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye imizuzu ye-7.

Izihloko zacelwa ukuba zichaze imvakalelo yokuvuselela ngokwesondo ngokucinezela iqhosha elihambelana neMRI ekuqaleni komnqweno wakhe wesini.

Ingcaciso yeklip yevidiyo kunye neqhosha lokurekhoda iqhosha lalawulwa yinkqubo eyenziwe ekhaya ye-MATLAB eqhutywa kwi-PC ebekwe kwigumbi le-scan yekona. Imovie ye-erotic yaqikelelwa kwiglasi ye-translucent eyayibekwe ngasemva kwisikena isithungatha esisebenzisa iprojektha ye-LCD. Isipili esixhonywe kwikhoyili yentloko ngaphakathi kumazibuthe sivumele isifundo ukuba sijonge ikliphu.

Ekupheleni kweseshoni ye-FMRI, isihloko ngasinye sabuzwa malunga nemvakalelo yakhe yokuvuselela ngokwesondo ngexesha lokujonga ikliphu ngokwe-7-point rating rating (1 low low to 7 high kakhulu).

Ukubeka iliso kumzimba

I-penile tumescence yayirekhodwa ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha lokuboniswa kwebhanyabhanya kunye nokufunyanwa kwedatha ye-fMRI ngesixhobo esenziwe ngokwenyani se-MRI-ehambelana nesiseko somatshini wegazi osandula ukubonwa. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokufunyanwa kwe-fMRI, icuff cuff ibekwe kwilungu lobudoda kusetyenziswa ikhondomu kwaye yonyuselwa kuxinzelelo lokuqala lwe-80 mm Hg. I-cuff yayixhunyiwe ngumbhobho omncinci kwi-transducer yoxinzelelo ebekwe kwigumbi lekhonsoli. Uxinzelelo loxinzelelo lwadityaniswa kwi-amplifier kwaye umqondiso we-analog ovela kwesi sixhobo wabhalwa kwinqanaba lesampulu ye-100 Hz kwi-PC yohlalutyo lwedatha engeyiyo.

Iskena sakhelwe kwifotoplethysmograph ebekwe kumnwe wesalathiso somnwe sasekhohlo kujongwa imiqondiso yentliziyo, ngelixa ibhanti yomoya wokuphefumla ibambeke esiswini sangaphezulu ukulinganisa ukwandiswa kokuphefumla kwesifundo. Zombini i-Cardio kunye nemiqondiso yokuphefumla (i-CR) yamodareyitha siskena kwi-100 Hz kwaye igcinwe kwifayile kwifomathi ye-txt. Ngaphaya koko ukubetha kwentliziyo kwakuphawulwa sihlandlo ngasinye kufunyanwa i-R-peak.

Ukufunyanwa kwedatha ye-fMRI

Umsebenzi owenziwe ngemifanekiso kunye nolwakhiwo lwenziwa ngesikenisi se3T uPhilips Achieva MRI (uPhilips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands) esebenzisa i-coil-radiation yomzimba wonke yokubonisa isigxina kunye ne-coil yentloko yesibhozo yokwamkela isiginali. Umnxibelelanisi we-oksijini yegazi nge-oksijini (BOLD) fMRI idatha yafunyanwa ngohlobo lwe-T2 * -ezingqinayo i-echo-planar (EPI) ngezi mpawu zilandelayo: TE = 35 ms, size matrix = 80 × 80, FOV = 230 mm, in-ndege ubungakanani be-voxel = 2.875 × 2.875 mm, SENSE factor 1.8 anterior-posterior, angle flip = 80 °, slice thickness = 3 mm with no gap. Ngexesha leseshini i-210 imixholo yokusebenza equlathe i-31 transaxial slices yafunyanwa nge-TR ye-2 s.

Isandi esiphakamileyo sokwakheka komthamo sifunyenwe esiphelweni seseshini ngokulandelelana kwe-3D ye-echo T1-weighted sequence (voxel size 1 mm isotropic, TR / TE = 8.1 / 3.7 ms; flip angle 8 °, SENSE factor 2).

Uhlalutyo lwedatha

Uluhlu lwexesha lokuhlaselwa kwe-penile tumescence were-sampled down-from 100 Hz to the sampling rate of umthamo MRI volumes (TR = 2 s), umgca ubuhlisiwe kwaye waguqulwa kwiipesenti zokutshintsha kwexabiso. I-avareji yepesenti yokutshintsha kwe-penile tumescence (PT) yexabiso labalwa kulo lonke ixesha lokukhuthaza ukubonakalisa isifundo ngasinye kwaye sithelekiswa phakathi kwamaqela ngovavanyo lwe-t.

I-Cardiac kunye neqondo lokuphefumla lokulandelelana kwexesha labalwa laza latshintshelwa kwixabiso leTR kusetyenziswa inkqubo eyenziwe yenziwa ekhaya eMATLAB (I-MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA). I-avareji inqanaba lentliziyo (HR) kunye neqondo lokuphefumla (RR) lokukhuthaza ukubonwa okufunyenweyo kwisifundo ngasinye. Okwenziweyo kubaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwamaqela kwi-HR ne-RR kuvavanywa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-t-ezimbini (Iqela: EDp, HC).

Idatha ye-FMRI ye-BOLD yahlaziywa kusetyenziswa isoftware yeBrain Voyager QX (iBrain Innovation, iNetherlands).

Ngenxa yeziphumo ze-T1 zokugcwala, izikrini zokuqala ze-2 zokubaleka nganye ziye zalahlwa kuhlalutyo. Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwesikimu esisebenzayo kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwentshukumo, ukususwa kwemigca yethayile ukusuka kumdlalo wexesha le-voxel kunye nolungiso lwexesha lokuskena. Ukutshatisa ivolumu yokusebenza nganye kunye nevolumu yereferensi, ukulungiswa kwentshukumo kwenziwa ngotshintsho lomzimba onamatye amathathu. Iqikelelo lokuqikelela kunye neparamitha zokujikeleza zevolumu nganye kwikhosi yexesha zahlolwa ukuze zitshekishe ukuba intshukumo ibingekho nkulu kunesiqingatha se-voxel [41], [42]. Emva koko, zacocwa ngokobuninzi ngesigqibo se-isotropic Gaussian kernel (FWHM = 6 mm).

Iivolumu zokusebenza ezigqityiweyo esele zisetyenzisiwe zangqinwa zisekwe neseti yedatha ehambelanayo. Ukusukela ukusebenza kwe-2D kunye ne-3D imilinganiselo yolwakhiwo ifunyenwe kwiseshoni enye, inguqu yobhaliso-lwendlu yagqitywa kusetyenziswa iiparamitha zobume bomthamo wolwakhiwo. Ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kokukrola okusekusetyenzisweni kunye nokwenziwa komzimba ekugqibeleni kwajongwa ngovavanyo oluchanekileyo lokubonakalayo. Ubume bokusebenza kunye nokusebenza buguqulwe kwaba yindawo yeTalairach [43] ukusebenzisa i-piecewise affine kunye nenguqu eqhubekayo. Iivolumu ezisebenzayo zatshintshelwa kubungakanani be-voxel ye-3 × 3 × 3 mm3.

Sabandakanya ii-covariates ze-2 ezibonisa iisampulu ezisampuliweyo kwiWhite Matter (WM) nakwiCerebro-Spinal Fluid (CSF) [44]. Sivelise imiqondiso yeWM kunye ne-CSF ejikeleza ixesha leekhosi zee-voxels kwimaski nganye yeWM yesifundo kunye ne-CSF. Imaski ye-WM yaveliswa yinkqubo yokwahlulahlula ingqondo kwengqondo yesifundo nganye, ngelixa imiqondiso ye-CSF yayisampulu isusela kwisiseko sesithathu sengqondo nganye yesifundo.

I-ICA yendawo yayisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya iseti yedatha ye-MR yokusebenza ukuze kugqitywe uthotho lwexesha le-voxel kuseti lweepateni ezizimeleyo zepatati (ICs).

Usebenzisa i-algorithm ye-FastICA, sithekele i-ICNUMX ICs kwisifundo ngasinye [45], kunye ne-deflation ndlela kunye nokungahambelani kwe-tanh [46], [47], ngokuqhubekayo kunye nezikhokelo ezicetywayo nguPamilo kunye noogxa [21]. Ukukhetha i-ICs yomdla, sasebenzisa itemplates zonxibelelwano zonxibelelwano (ii-ICN) ngaphakathi kwengqondo kumaphepha apapashwe ngaphambili. Ulungelelwaniso lomnqamlezo womhlaba lenzelwe itemplate nganye. Inethiwekhi yothungelwano lobuchopho kwizifundo zangaphambili [46], [47] Umsebenzi othathelwe ingqalelo kulo msebenzi ngoku yayingu: Fronto Parietal Network (FPN), Central Executive Network (CEN), Network Default Mode Network (DMN), Somato-Motor Network (SMN), Visual Network (VN), Auditory Network (AN), kunye nokuBala kweNdoda Inethiwekhi (SN).

Ukwandisa uhlalutyo lwe-ICA ukusuka kwisifundo esinye ukuya kwizifundo ezininzi, ii-ICs eziqikelelwa kwisifundo ngasinye zahlanganiswa ngendlela yokuzilungiselela kweqela le-ICA (sogICA) ngokwendlela yazo efanayo [24]. Inani elincitshisiweyo leepatati ezikwexeshana okwahlula-hlula kweendlela zokwehla kwamaxabiso asezantsi zakhutshwa [46], [47].

Njengoko i-ICA ​​kwidatha ye-fMRI inyanzelisa iipateni zentsebenzo yomnxibelelaniso we-neuronal (okt amanethiwekhi), amaxabiso e-Z, afunyenwe kwiimephu ezizezinye, ngokubonelela ngokungangqinelaniyo kumnxibelelaniso osebenzayo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi [48].

Kwinethiwekhi nganye, umahluko phakathi kwamaqela wavavanywa kusetyenziswa enye indlela ye-ANOVA kwi-Z amanani, efunyenwe ngemephu yeqela le-ICA nganye, kwaye njengamaqela emidla athathelwa ingqalelo kuphela kwezo zibandakanyiwe kwiindawo zentsingiselo nganye ye-ICN.

Phakathi kweemephu zokwahluka kweqela zazithintelwe kwinqanaba lokubaluleka (ukubakho kobhaqo olungeyonyani lwenani elipheleleyo lomsebenzi) we-α <0.05, ulungisiwe kuthelekiso oluninzi. Ukulungiswa kokuthelekisa okuninzi kwenziwa kusetyenziswa ubungakanani beqoqo le-algorithm yokubamba [49] esekwe kwimidlalo yokulinganisa ye-Monte Carlo eyenziwe kwisoftware yeBrainVoyager QX. Umda we-p <0.005 kwinqanaba le-voxel, i-FWHM = i-voxel ye-1.842 njenge-Gaussian kernel yolungelelwaniso lomhlaba phakathi kwe-voxels kunye ne-5000 iterations isetyenzisiwe njengegalelo kwimodeli, ivelisa ubuncinci beqela le-voxels ezingama-22.

Emva kohlalutyo lobulumko lwe-voxel, amaxabiso e-Z athatyathwe eqeleni kwimephu, ebonisa umahluko phakathi kweqela, kwaye kwenziwa uvavanyo oluchanekileyo.

Ngapha koko, uhlalutyo lolungelelwaniso lukaPearson lwenziwa ukuphonononga ubudlelwane phakathi kwexabiso le-Z ukusuka kwimephu yenethiwekhi kunye nemisebenzi yezesondo njengoko kulinganiswa yi-SAI-E kunye ne-IIEF.

Ngokukodwa, ixabiso le-Z le-ROI nganye lalungelelaniswa kwi-IIEF kunye ne-SAI-E (kubandakanywa amanqaku ewonke, amanqaku okuncoma kunye nokuXhalaba kwexhala).

iziphumo

Idatha yokuziphatha kunye nokuma komzimba

Idatha ye-Sociodemographic, yengqondo kunye nokuziphatha ye-EDp kunye ne-HC iboniswe kwiTafile1.

Umahluko phakathi kweqela kwimfundo (iminyaka) nobudala ibingabalulekanga. Kwi-EDp, amanqaku kwi-Intanethi ye-Arousal ye-Intanethi kwaye kwi-IIEF ayephantsi kakhulu kunalawo amavolontiya asempilweni.1 Table).

I-penile tumescence ibonise ukwanda okukhulu kuphela kwiqela le-HC. Akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo phakathi kwamaqela waqwalaselwa ngenqanaba lentliziyo kunye nomoya wokuphefumla (Ikhiwane. 1 kwaye 1 Table).

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Umzobo 1. Iziphumo zomzimba.

Icala lasekhohlo: Umzekelo wezifundo zexesha lokuphendula kwe-penile njengoko kurekhodwe sisixhobo sokulinganisa i-penile tumescence, intliziyo kunye nenqanaba lokuphefumla ngokulandelelana kwenombolo ye-HC 5 kunye ne-EDp yenombolo ye-11. Icala lasekunene: ii-histograms zibonisa umndilili phakathi kokungafani kweqela kwi-penile tumescence, intliziyo kunye nokuphefumla. rate ngokulandelelana. Kuphela yipenile tumescence ebonisa umahluko obonakalayo nge-p <0.05. Imivalo ethe nkqo ichaza iimpazamo ezisemgangathweni zentsingiselo (SEM).

I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0105336.g001

Ipateni yendawo yothungelwano

Ukwahlulwa kweqela le-ICA kubonise ipatheni yendawo eqhelekileyo kwinethiwekhi nganye kwi-EDp nakwiqela le-HC. Inkqubo yethu yokwahlulwa kwe-IC yavelisa iinethiwekhi ezingaguqukiyo [26], [46], [47]-[52], eziboniswe kwi Ikhiwane. 2.

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Umzobo 2. Ii-ICN zaqaphela ukubekwa kwamaqela omabini.

Iipateni zendawo eziye zaqwalaselwa ngexesha lokuboniswa kwevidiyo engekho mbi. Inethiwekhi yeFronto-Parietal (FPN), Inethiwekhi yeNdlela-yeNdawo (DMN), Inethiwekhi yeSalience (SN) kunye Nenethiwekhi yokubonakalayo (VN). Imephu zingqengqelwe kwindawo yeTalairach atlas kwaye kwindibano ye-radiological ngomqobo we-Z = 2.

I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0105336.g002

Uthungelwano lwengqondo oluchongwe kwinqanaba lamaqela: i) i-DMN, ii) i-FPN ngasekunene icwangcisiwe, iii) SN, kunye iv) VN. Khange siqwalasele: i) AN, ii) CEN kunye iii) SMN.

2 Table inikezela ngoluhlu lweengingqi zobuchopho kuthungelwano ngalunye, kunye nolungelelwaniso lweTalairach lweentsingiselo zeencopho zokugxila kunye neendawo ezinxulumene neBodmann (BA).

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Itheyibhile 2. Iindawo zobuchopho zenethiwekhi ezintlanu zala maqela mabini.

I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0105336.t002

Phakathi kothungelwano olunokubangelwa, i-DMN kunye ne-SN zibonise phakathi kweqela elahlukileyo (Ikhiwane. 3).

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Umzobo 3. I-DMN, SN, FPN kunye ne-VN imele imbonakalo yecandelo lamaqela kula maqela mabini.

Phezulu: Izigulana ze-ED; Ezantsi: Ulawulo lwempilo.

I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0105336.g003

I-DMN [26], [52] iqulathwe zezi ndawo zilandelayo: I-Posterior Cingrate Cortex (PCC), i-Precuneus (PCUN), i-medial prepelal cortex (mPFC) kunye neendawo ezimbini zentsingiselo eziqwalaselwe kwinqanaba le-inferior Parietal Lobes (IPL). I-SN [31] yenziwa ziindawo ezintathu eziphambili ngokunxibelelana ne-Insulae yamazwe amabini kunye ne-ACC. Uvavanyo olunemisila emibini t lubonakalise umahluko obonakalayo kwi-DMN kunye nokunxibelelana kokusebenza kwe-SN phakathi kwala maqela mabini. Iqela le-EDp libonise ukwehla okubalulekileyo kumaxabiso e-Z, abonisa amanqanaba okunxibelelana okungaphakathi, kwi-DMN kunye t (33) = -4.04 kunye p <0.01 ilungisiwe kuthelekiso oluninzi, ngelixa i-SN sibone ukwehla kwexabiso le-Z nge-t (33) = -4.73 kunye p <0.01 ilungisiwe kuthelekiso oluninzi.

Ngaphaya koko, i-voxel enobulumko bendlela enye ye-ANOVA eyenziwa kwimephu ye-DMN, ngokuchaseneyo ne-EDp> HC, ibonise ukwehla okubalulekileyo kwexabiso lonxibelelwano kwimbalelwano ye-mPFC, i-PCC / i-PCUN, kunye ne-IPL yasekhohlo. Kwi-SN, i-voxel isilumko i-ANOVA ibonakalise ukonyuka kokunxibelelana kwangaphakathi kwimbalelwano ye-ACC yangaphakathi, ngelixa ukuncipha okubonakalayo kwaqwalaselwa ngembalelwano yecala lasekunene le-Insular cortex / Claustrum (Ikhiwane. 4 kwaye Itafile 3).

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Umzobo 4. I-DMN kunye ne-SN: phakathi kweqela elahlukileyo.

Ngaphezulu: DMN; Ezantsi: SN. Iimephu zigqithisiwe kwi-atalairach atlas kwaye zikwindibano ye-radiological (p <0.05). Phakathi kwamaqela umahluko uyavavanywa kusetyenziswa i-voxel esisilumko-indlela ye-ANOVA.

I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0105336.g004

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Itheyibhile 3. Phakathi kweziphumo zeqela.

I-doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0105336.t003

Uhlalutyo lolungelelwaniso lwenziwa phakathi kweendlela zokuziphatha zomsebenzi wesondo njengokulinganisa yi-SAI-E kunye nexabiso le-Z elibonwe kwiindawo ezikubonisa ukungafani kweqela. Olu hlalutyo lwenziwe ngenjongo yokujonga ulwalamano oluchanekileyo lwendlela nganye yokuziphatha ngokwesondo.

Kwiqela le-EDp, ulungelelwaniso oluqinisekileyo lomgca phakathi kwe-SAI-E (iScitation subscale) kunye nexabiso lasekhohlo le-IPL Z laqwalaselwa (r = 0.60, p <0.05 engachanekanga).

ingxoxo

Kule minyaka idlulileyo, izifundo ze-fMRI zibonise ukuba ukuvuswa kwabantu ngokwesini yinto emnyama yokuseta, yokuqonda kunye neenkqubo zeemvakalelo [4]-[18]. Oku kuntsokotha kubonakala kubonakala kwiinkqubo zobuchopho ezisisiseko sokwabelana ngesondo, okonyuselwa kukujonga kwezinto ezingamanyala. Isifundo esikhoyo saphanda ukuguqulwa kobuxhakaxhaka bobuchwephesha kwizigulana ezine-Psychogenic ED ngexesha lokujongwa ngokukhululekileyo kweklip yevidiyo. I-ICA ibonelela ngokwenzakalisa umsebenzi wobuchopho, ngaxeshanye kumbono wezinto ezintsokothileyo kunye neziguqululiyo ze-cinematographic, kwiseti yothungelwano oluzimeleyo lwengqondo lwendawo. Kolu phando sisebenzise i-SogICA algorithm yohlalutyo lweqela endaweni yeendlela ezincinci zeqela le-ICA. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngu-Esposito et al. [24], indlela ye-SogICA ecetywayo ayiqwalaselanga ubukho bezinto ezingahambelaniyo kwimvelaphi yecandelo elizimeleyo lesakhiwo semephu kwizifundo. Ngokubanzi, zombini ezi zinto zinokwenzeka kwangaphambili (umz. Isini, ubudala, njl. Njl njl.) Ngokunjalo nezinto ezingenakuqikelelwa ngokulula zinokuba negalelo kukhetho loqikelelo lweemodeli ze-ICA. Oku kunokuba njalo kwidatha yethu ebandakanya amaqela amabini ahlukeneyo (abaguli kunye nolawulo), ekhuthaza ukhetho lwendlela eyomeleleyo njenge-SogICA.

Kwisifundo esikhoyo, ukhetho lokukhuthaza lwenziwe ngaphambi kokuvavanywa kwe-FMRI liqela lamadoda aphilile. Oku kwenziwe ngenjongo yokuthelekisa iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo zabathathi-nxaxheba ngexesha lovavanyo. U-Pamilo kunye noogxa bakhethile, kwaye banikezelwa kubathathi-nxaxheba, kuphela ukhuthazo olunye [21]. Ngaphaya koko, iinkqubo ezifanayo zasetyenziswa kwizifundo ezazipapashwa ngaphambili zokuphanda ngesondo [4]-[7].

Ngexesha leseshoni yovavanyo, sabona okuphawuleka phakathi kokungafani kweqela kwimpendulo ye-penile erectile, kungekho mahluko kwintliziyo kunye namanani okuphefumla ngokulandelelana (Ikhiwane. 1). Iziphumo zethu zihambelana nezifundo zangaphambili [11].

I-ICA eyenziweyo ibonakalise ukuba i-DMN, i-FPN, i-VN, kunye ne-SN zaziguquguquka ngokufanayo kwizigulana ze-ED kunye nolawulo olusempilweni (Ikhiwane. 2). Iziphumo zethu ziyahambelana nezifundo zangaphambili ze-rsfMRI [31], [46], [47] kunye nezifundo zombono wendalo zonxibelelwano lobuchopho [21].

Phakathi kweinethiwekhi zobuchopho eziqwalaselweyo, ukunxibelelana okusebenzayo kwakwahluke kakhulu kwi-DMN, okubonise unciphiso lomsebenzi olwenziweyo kwiqela le-EDp. Ngelixa i-SN, kwi-EDp xa ithelekiswa ne-HC, yabonisa ukuncipha kokunxibelelana okusebenzayo kwi-Insula efanelekileyo kunye nokunyuka kokunxibelelana kwi-ACC.

Iziphumo zethu ziyahambelana noko kufunyanisiweyo ngaphambili kokusebenza kwemimandla ethile yobuchopho kwi-EDp xa kuthelekiswa ne-HC. Ngokukodwa, uphononongo olwenziweyo lwanikezela ubungqina boncedo lotshintsho oluthile kwimimandla ebandakanyeka kulwazi kunye nemvakalelo yovuko lwesini. [4], [5]. Iziphumo zethu zicebisa ukuba iimpendulo ezahlukileyo, eziqwalaselwe kwi-EDp, zinokuba zinxulumene nomsebenzi ongafanelekanga womnatha.

Ipatheni yendawo ye-DMN efunyenweyo iyavumelana kunye neemephu zemisebenzi yangaphambili kunye nezifundo ze-rsfMRI [26], [48], [49]. I-DMN yinkqubo yobuchopho echazwa ngokwenziwa komzimba edla ngokusebenza xa abantu bengagxili kwimeko yangaphandle [51], [52]. I-DMN eqaphelekileyo ibandakanya i-PCC / pCUN, i-mPFC, kunye ne-IPL. I Umzobo 3 ibonisa uxhulumaniso olusebenzayo lwe-DMN lomsebenzi obonwe kwi-EDp. Ngokukodwa, eli qela libonise ukwehla kwamanqanaba okunxibelelana okungaphakathi kwi-mPFC, PCC / PCUN kunye ne-IPL ngasekhohlo. NgokukaBuckner [51] i-DMN ingahlulwa-hlulwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezingaphantsi. Esokuqala siqulunqwe yiHippocampus kunye nemimandla yeParhippocampus kwaye yabonakala ngathi ibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo zememori. Inkqubo yesibini esezantsi ibandakanya i-PCC, ii-IPL, kunye ne-mPFC ye-ventral. Le nkqubo isetyenziswayo idla ngokusebenza ngexesha lokuzenzisa ngokwengqondo okusebenzayo. Ngokwolu luvo, i-DMN ithatha inxaxheba ekuqondeni nasekuguquleleni imeko yeemvakalelo yomnye, kwinkqubo yovelwano kunye nokuzenzisa ngokwengqondo okufanelekileyo [51], [52]. Ewe, izifundo ezisempilweni zinokuthi zibandakanyeke ekulinganiseni iintshukumo kunye neemvakalelo ezinxulumene nomxholo wesondo kune-EDp kwaye zibonise amanqanaba aphezulu oqhakamshelwano ngembalelwano kwi-PCC / PCUN, iMPFC, kunye ne-IPL yasekhohlo (Ikhiwane. 4). I-PCC / i-PCUN yi-hub ye-DMN kwaye ihlala ibandakanyeka kwimemori ye-autobiographical kunye neemvakalelo [53]-[55]. I-mPFC ithathwe njengebalulekileyo kulawulo lweemvakalelo ngokubanzi [56].

Uhlobo olunjalo lweenkqubo lunokuboniswa kwiiyantlukwano eziqwalaselwe kwi-mPFC emele ukubonelela ngolwazi oluvela kumava adlulileyo ngendlela yeenkumbulo ngexesha lolwakhiwo lokulingisa ngokwengqondo oluzimeleyo. Ngokukodwa, i-mPFC inxulumene nokuqonda ngokwasentlalweni, kubandakanya ukubek'esweni kwamazwe ezengqondo, kunye nokugxila kwengqondo ngakwimimandla yengqondo yabanye. Ukucinywa kwe mPFC kufunyaniswe kunxulumana ngokungalunganga nempendulo ye-erectile kwizifundo ezisempilweni ngexesha lokukhuthaza ukwabelana ngesondo [57]. Ngaphaya koko, ukwenziwa kwe-mPFC kwakuhambelana nokuvuselela ngokubanzi, kunye nokuzibandakanya kokukhuthala okubonakalayo, kunye neendlela zokuphendula kwempendulo ye-erectile [15], [57], [58]. Emva koko, abaguli babonisa ukuhla kokubeka esweni kwamazwe avuselelayo ngokubanzi anamava asezantsi e-hedonic yamava avela kukukhuthaza okubonakalayo kwe-erotic.

Phakathi kokungafani kweqela kwafunyanwa ngembalelwano kwi-IPL ngasekhohlo. I-Parietal Lobes ibonakala ngathi ibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo zokunaka kunye nenjongo. Ngokuka-Mouras [14], ukwenza lo mmandla ngexesha lokubonakaliswa ngokwesondo kubonise inkuthazo eyandisiweyo kwiithagethi zesini kwaye eyokwenxalenye yengqondo yokusebenza kwento yokwabelana ngesondo. Ngaphaya koko, bukhona ubungqina bokuba i-IPL yasekhohlo yinkqubo yenkqubo emele ukubonakaliswa kwemizimba ebonakalayo. [59]. Ukuhlala kwesi sihloko, kukho ubungqina obubonisa ukuba i-IPL elungileyo ibalulekile kwinkqubo yokuzicacisa / yolunye uhlobo [60], [61]. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwe-Decety [62] I-IPL ibandakanyeka kwimifanekiso yemoto. Ngokufanayo, ukwenziwa kwe-IPL ngexesha lokuvuselelwa okubonakalayo okunxibelelene nomnqweno wokwenza isenzo esifanayo sesondo kwabo baboniswe kwimifanekiso yevidiyo. [4].

Omnye umphumo obalulekileyo yayikukungafani kweqela elibonwe kwi-SN. Umzobo 2 kwaye Itafile 2 Ibonise ipatheni engaguqukiyo ye-SN ebonakalayo yomibini amaqela. Ipateni ye-SN ebonakalayo ibandakanya i-ACC kunye namacala amabini angaphakathi e-cortices ngokuhambelana nezifundo zangaphambili. I-SN ibandakanyeka kudityaniso lwedatha ye-sensor eqhutywa kakhulu kunye ne-visceral, i-autonomic, kunye neempawu ze-hedonic ezivumela ilungu ukuba lenze isigqibo [31]. Kwisifundo sethu, sabona ukubandakanyeka okungafaniyo kweendawo eziphambili ze-SN kula maqela mabini. Ngokukodwa, abaguli be-ED babonisa inqanaba elinciphile lonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi kwimbalelwano ye-Insula efanelekileyo esembindini. Lo mmandla ufunyenwe ukuba ubandakanyeke kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokuvuselela ngokwesondo. Arnow kunye noogxa [6] waphawula ukuba umsebenzi we-Insort cortex wawunxulumene nokwamkelwa kwee-erection, ngelixa i-Ferretti et al. [7] hypothes ukubandakanyeka kwe-Insula kwiindlela ezixanduva lokuphendula ngokuzinzileyo kwimpembelelo yesenzo esingathandekiyo. Ngaphezu koko, i-Insula esembindini eyiyo iyasebenza kwiindlela ezinxulumene nokuqala kunye nokugcinwa okuzinzileyo [11].

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaguli be-ED babonisa amanqanaba aphezulu oxhumano kwi-ACC kune-HC. I-Dorsal ACC yenye yemimandla ebandakanyekayo kuqoqosho lwebhayoloji [63]Ukuphefumla [64] kunye nemibutho ezimeleyo ye-autonomic [65]. Ngaphaya koko, ukubanjwa okuxhuzuliweyo okubonwa kwi-ACC, kuhamba kunye nokuzala [66]. Ngokuka-Abler kunye noogxa kunye naye (2011), ukungasebenzi ngokwesondo kuye kwahambelana nokuncipha kokuvula kwi-BA 24 / 32 [67].

isiphelo

Isishwankathelo iziphumo zethu zibonise ukuba ukubonwa simahla kweklip ye-erotic kunye ne-ICA ivumela ukubola kweenkqubo zobuchopho phantsi kwesimo esiqhelekileyo nesingaqhelekanga sesini samadoda. Isiko lokuziphatha ngokwesondo liqulunqwe zizinto ezizimeleyo, ezengqondo kunye neemvakalelo ekucingelwa ukuba zinxulumene neseti yemimandla yobuchopho ebonwe ngexesha lezifundo zangaphambi kokuvula. Iziphumo zethu zaqaqambisa impendulo engaqhelekanga yobuchopho kwinqanaba lenethiwekhi kwizigulana ze-Psychogenic ED. Ezi ziphumo zibonise ukuba i-Psychogenic ED yayinxulumene njani nokuxhuma okusebenzayo kokunxibelelana kokusebenza kumgangatho ophezulu womnatha njenge-DMN kunye ne-SN. Ngokukodwa, i-Psychogenic ED ibonakala inxulumene nokuzibandakanya okufanelekileyo kwengqondo, kwaye ngokubanzi kwiimfesane eziphantsi ngokubanzi malunga nezinye izinto zesini kunye nokulawulwa kweemvakalelo, unikwe amanqanaba anciphayo oxhumano kwiindawo ze-DMN. Ngokuchasene noko, kwi-SN, abaguli babonisa ukuhla okubonwayo kokutshintsha okumanyumnyezi okucetywayo njengokucetyiswa kukuncipha kokunxibelelana kwi-Insula kunye nokunyuka kokunxibelelana kwi-ACC.

Umbhali Wemivuzo

Ndiyayamkela kwaye ndayila iimvavanyo: I-EC EDDP AF. Uvavanyo olwenziwe: EDDP AT NC. Uhlalutyo lwedatha: I-MGP. Ubhale iphepha: NC GLR.

Ucaphulo

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