Ukungasebenzi kwezesondo zesini e-Asia (2011)

Yiya e:

Abstract

Ukwabelana ngesondo bekuhlala kuyinto engathandekiyo kuluntu lwaseAsia. Nangona kunjalo, kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, ukwazisa kwicandelo lezempilo yamadoda ngokwesini kuye kwaphucuka, kwaye umdla kuphando lwezempilo ngokwesondo kutshanje lonyukile. I-epidemiology kunye nokuxhaphaka kokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile, i-hypogonadism kunye ne-ejaculation yangaphambi kwexesha e-Asia ziyafana eNtshona. Nangona kunjalo, imiba eliqela ibhekise ngqo kumadoda aseAsia, kubandakanya inkcubeko kunye neenkolelo, ulwazi, ukuthotyelwa kunye nokufumaneka kwamayeza emveli / ahambelana nawo. EAsia, amayeza ezesondo asesebusaneni, kunye nomzamo odibeneyo kurhulumente, imibutho efanelekileyo, oogqirha kunye nemithombo yeendaba kufuneka bahambise amayeza ezesondo kwindawo ephambili yokhathalelo lwempilo.

Internet: I-Asia, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile, impilo, i-hypogonadism, eyindoda, i-ejaculation ngaphambi kwexesha, isondo

intshayelelo

Kude kube kutshanje, impilo yamadoda yezesondo ithathe indawo yokuhlala ngasemva ekucwangcisweni nasekumiliselweni kukhathalelo lwempilo. Xa iViagra (sildanefil) yagqabhuka kwindawo engaphezulu kweshumi eyadlulayo, yavula iingcango zophando kunye nophuhliso kwimpilo yezesondo yamadoda. Ngenxa yoko, umxholo wangaphambili we-taboo waguqulwa waba sisihloko esithandwayo, nkqu naseAsia. Ukuba yindawo elondolozekayo, impilo yamadoda eyabelana ngesondo yayiqala ukwamkelwa e-Asia. Ngokwahlukileyo, inkcubeko evulekileyo yaseNtshona ibone inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lamayeza ezesondo. Injongo yolu phononongo kukujonga umthwalo wezempilo yamadoda e-Asiya kunye nokuchonga imiba eyahlukileyo kumadoda aseAsia ukuze kuphuhliswe izicwangciso zokuphucula ukhathalelo lwempilo yamadoda eAsia.

Epidemiology

1 Table ibonisa ukwanda kokungasebenzi ngokwesondo kwamadoda e-Asiya.

1 Table   

Ukudalwa kokungasebenzi ngokwesondo kwamadoda e-Asiya

I-Erectile i-dysfunction (ED)

I-Ed ichazwa njengokungakwazi okungapheliyo ukufikelela kunye nokugcina ulwakhiwo olwaneleyo lokuvumela ukusebenza okwanelisayo ngokwesondo.1 Ukuxhaphaka kwe-ED e-Asia kuyahluka phakathi kwe-9% kunye ne-73%.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 Umahluko omkhulu kumazinga okuxhaphaka anokuchatshazelwa kwindlela yovavanyo (okt, ingxelo eyenzekileyo okanye i-International Index ye-Erectile Umsebenzi wenqaku) kunye nohlobo lovavanyo. Umzekelo, ukuba izifundo ziye zafunyanwa eklinikhi, amaqondo aphezulu okuxhaphaka afunyanwa kunalawo afunyanwa ekuhlaleni. Kwisimo sengqondo samadoda aseAsia kunye noPhononongo lweziganeko zoBomi, ubukho ngokubanzi be-ED yayiyi-6.4%.2 Ngenye indlela, eKorea, xa amadoda amakhulu kuneminyaka eyi-20 ayethathwa kwikliniki zononophelo lokuqala kunye ne-International Index ye-Erectile Workout amanqaku yagqitywa, izinga lokuxhaphaka kwe-32.2% lafunyanwa.3 Kwilizwe laseTshayina, ingxelo ebanzi ye-ED yi-38.3%.4 Nangona kunjalo, iqondo lokuxhaphaka le-9% -17.7% lafunyanwa eTaiwan (China).5, 6 E-Thailand, iqondo lokuxhaphaka yi-37.5%,7 kwaye kuvavanyo olusekwe kwinani labantu eSwitzerland kumadoda amakhulu kuneminyaka eyi-30, kwafunyanwa iqondo lokuxhaphaka le51.3%.8 Kwesinye isifundo malunga nokwaluphala kwabemi baseSingapore, iqondo lokuxhaphaka kwaba yi-73%.9 I-self-ingxelo yokwanda kwe-ED eMalaysia yi-26.8%, kodwa izinga lokuxhaphaka elifunyenwe kolunye uphando yayiyi-69%.10, 11

Ejaculation

I-ejaculation yangaphambi kwexesha ifundwe ngokubanzi eNtshona; nangona kunjalo, idatha evela kwi-Asia ayindawo. Umbutho wezizwe ngezizwe wezokwabelana ngesondo uchaza i-ejaculation ngaphambi kwexesha njengokuchaphazeleka ngokwesondo kwendoda okubonakaliswa yi-ejaculation ehlala ihlala okanye iphantse yenzeke ngaphambi okanye ngaphakathi malunga ne-1 min yokungena kwelungu lobufazi, ukungakwazi ukulibazisa ukukhupha i-ejaculation kuwo onke okanye phantse konke ukungena kwamfazi kunye nokubi. Iziphumo zobuqu ezifana nokubandezeleka, ukungcungcutheka, ukudandatheka kunye / okanye ukuphepha ukuthintelwa kwezesondo.16 Isifundo seHlabathi seSimo seZesondo kunye noBehaviors baphonononge iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zempilo yezesondo kubantu abadala abaneminyaka eyi-40-80 yeminyaka kwi-29 amazwe. Kolu phando sele lukhankanyiwe, iqondo lokubakho jikelele yi-30%, kwaye elona nqanaba liphezulu (i-30.4%) lafunyanwa eMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Usebenzisa le datha, uhlalutyo lweqela elincinci lwenziwa kumadoda aseAsia, kwaye izinga lokuxhaphaka kwe20% -32.7% lafunyanwa.14, 17 Kuphononongo olwenziwe kwi-Mainland China e-China, iqondo lokuxhaphaka kwaba yi-19.5%.15 Nangona kunjalo, eMalaysia naseHong Kong (China), iqondo lokuxhaphaka kwaba yi-22.3% kunye ne-29.7%, ngokulandelelana.18, 19 Ngaphaya koko, kuphando lwakutsha nje olwenziwe eKorea, iqondo lokuzazisa elixeliweyo yi-27.5%.20

Hypogonadism

I-Hypogonadism yindawo yeklinikhi kunye ne-biochemical eyayisaziwa njenge-andropause, ukusilela kwe-Androgen kwiNdoda egugileyo kunye nokunqongophala kwe-Androgen kwiNdoda eguga. Ngo-2005, kwafikelelwa kwisivumelwano nguMbutho Wezizwe Ngezizwe weAndrology, uMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe woFundo lwaMadoda aDala kunye noMbutho waseYurophu weUrology, kunye negama elithi 'hypogonadism esekuhambeni kwexesha' lachazwa 'njengesifo sezonyango esasinxulumene nenkqubela phambili. ubudala kunye nokubonakaliswa kukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo kunye nezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kunye nokusilela kumanqanaba e-serum testosterone. Le meko inokubangela ukwenzakala okubonakalayo kumgangatho wobomi kwaye ichaphazele kakubi ukusebenza kweenkqubo zamalungu amaninzi '.21 Umbutho wamanye amazwe we-Andrology, uMbutho weHlabathi wokuFundisisa uMdala okwaluswa kunye neManyano yaseYurophu ye-Urology embundwini wamanqanaba asezantsi e-testosterone yi-8 nmol l-1. Xa inqanaba le-testosterone iyonke yi-8-12 nmol l-1, Inqanaba le-testosterone yasimahla kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe180 pmol l-1 ukuthathwa njengephantsi.22 Iikhweshine zikwakhona ukunceda ekufumaneni isifo. Amanqaku eempawu zeSidala sokuDala, ukungabi namandla kwe-Androgen kumanqaku okuDala okudala kunye nesixhobo semibuzo esiqinisekisiweyo esixhenxe esisetyenziswa ngabaphandi baseHong Kong izixhobo eziluncedo zokuhlola.23 Nangona kunjalo, ukunqongophala kwe-Androgen kumaphepha emibuzo yeNdoda yokuGuga kunye nokuGuguma kweempawu zeNdoda kungokucacisa okuncinci kwaye akuhambelani kakuhle namanqanaba e-testosterone ye-serum.24 Ukuxelwa gabalala kwe-hypogonadism e-Asiya (ichazwa njenge testosterone iyonke <11 nmol l-1) yi-18.2% -19.1%.25 Idatha efunyenwe kwizifundo ezenziwe kwi-East Asia iphakamisa ukuba ukwanda kwe-hypogonadism kuphakathi kwe-7% kunye ne-47.7% kumadoda aneminyaka eyi-45-80.23, 26, 27 EMalaysia, iqondo lokuxhaphaka kwamadoda ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-40 yayiyi-18.5%.28

Iingxaki ezizodwa kumadoda aseAsia

Kuwo onke amazwe, impilo yezesondo ephilileyo ngumba obaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke indoda. Ngelishwa, amadoda aseAsia asasokola nangoku. Ngaphandle kokudibana nokudakumba kunye nokuncipha komgangatho wobomi, iingxaki zesondo azikhathalelwa kakhulu e-Asiya, indawo yokuzalwa engama-60% yabemi behlabathi kunye nokugxilwa kuko okukuko.29, 30 Ngokuchasene neziphumo ezichazwe kuncwadi malunga nokuxhaphaka kokuphazamiseka kwezesondo eAsia, awona manani makhulu kakhulu kuba izinga lokuxhaphaka lisekwe ekuzixeleni. Kwisifundo esenziwe eTaiwan (China), umahluko obonakalayo phakathi kwamanani okuxhaphaka kwabonwa. Ngokufanelekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa nokwenza ingxelo ngokwakho, iqondo lokuxhaphaka laliphezulu xa lalisekwe kwi-Index ye-Erectile Function-5 amanqaku. Ukongeza, kwiimeko zokuzixela ze-ED, bambalwa kunesiqingatha samadoda awayefuna unyango.31 Amadoda aseAsia nawo mancinci amathuba okuba afune unyango kunabalingani babo baseNtshona. Ngokwenyani, yi-6% kuphela yamadoda ene-ED e-China afuna unyango olusebenzayo.30 Kutheni le nto isenzeka?

Inkcubeko kunye neenkolelo

Inkcubeko ichaza indima yamadoda nabasetyhini, indlela abanxibelelana ngayo, iqela labo lenkcubeko kunye noluntu. Xa ujongene nempilo yamadoda yezesondo, kubandakanyeka amanqanaba enkcubeko kunye neenkolelo, kubandakanya umntu kunye nenkolo yakhe, uluntu kunye nesizwe. Kumadoda, ubudoda yinto ebalulekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kuba ichaza indima yakhe eluntwini naphakathi koontanga bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo wobudoda awuchazwanga kwaye uyahluka phakathi kwabantu nakwimimandla. Ngokwesiko, iimpawu zobudoda zithintela ukubonakalisa iimvakalelo. Ukuziphatha okufuna impilo phakathi kwamadoda kuthetha ukuphulukana nenqanaba kunye nolawulo, kwaye kunokonakalisa ubuwena.32 Ng okqhubekayo.33 baqhuba isifundo esikhulu sehlabathi, kwaye babonisa ukuba amadoda aseAsia adibanisa ubudoda kunye nomsebenzi omnandi, ebonwa njengendoda enesidima, elawula ubomi babo kwaye eyindoda yosapho.33 Ukuba nobomi besondo obusebenzayo, impumelelo kunye nabasetyhini kunye nokuba nomtsalane ngokwasemzimbeni kube negalelo elincinci kumbono wobudoda. Iqondo lokuxhaphaka elisezantsi kunye nokuziphatha okungafunekiyo kwezonyango kwamadoda aseAsia ngokubhekisele kwimpilo yamadoda kunokubalelwa kwezi zinto sele zichaziwe. Ubudoda okanye ubudoda kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo kunokunxulunyaniswa namalungelo ezesondo, amandla ezesondo kunye nokusebenza ngokwesondo. Nangona kunjalo, xa ubudoda babo busongelwa, amadoda athambekele ekubeni athule ngawo kuba esoyika ukuphulukana nolawulo kunye nelahleko yendima yabo yenkcubeko ngaphezulu kwempilo enkenenkene.34 Ngenxa yoko, amadoda aseAsia akholisa ukwamkela ukuphazamiseka ngokwesondo njengenxalenye yokuguga. Ngelishwa, endaweni yokufuna unyango olufanelekileyo, amadoda afuna ezinye iindlela zokwenza amayeza ezinjengokusela utywala ukugcina indima yabo yesini.34

Ngaba isimo sengqondo esingalunganga kunyango phakathi kwamadoda aseAsia sikhona phakathi kwabaphambukeli baseAsia kumazwe aseNtshona? Kwisifundo esandulelayo, indlela yokujonga unyango yamadoda aseNtshona kunye nabaphambukeli baseAsia abaneentlungu zentliziyo yayithelekiswa, kwaye iziphumo zabonisa ukuba amadoda ase-Asia ayenomdla wokufumana uxinzelelo olukhulu kwaye afuna unyango ngaphambili. Akukho namnye kumadoda afudukayo aseAsia othatha ingqalelo yokufuna unyango kwintlungu yesifuba njengokungakhathali okanye uphawu lobuthathaka. Ngapha koko, amanye ala madoda abugqala ubulumko, imfundo kunye noxanduva losapho kunye nolwempilo njengeempawu zobudoda ezixabisekileyo. Kutheni le nto unyango olufuna isimo sengqondo samadoda emveli kunye nabaphambukeli baseAsia bohluke? Mhlawumbi abafuduki abanalo ilungelo lokugula ixesha elide kuba abanazalamane zininzi baxhomekeke kwilizwe lasemzini. Ke, la madoda kufuneka aginye ikratshi labo kwaye azibeke emngciphekweni wokugculelwa njengabangenabuntu.35 Ngapha koko, ngenxa yoluvo olungeyonyani lokuba ukuphazamiseka kwesondo ayisiyonto ibeka emngciphekweni ubomi, ukungasebenzi ngokwesondo kuhlala kunganyangwa.

Ukuqhubela phambili ukwenza izinto ezinzima, amadoda eTshayina athatha i-ED njengengabalulekanga. Ukuxoxa ngeengxaki zesondo kunokubangela ukuba ube neentloni, ngakumbi xa oko kubandakanya. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba amadoda ene-ED enobomi obuphantsi ngokubhekisele kubomi bosapho, ubomi bomsebenzi, ubudlelwane kunye neqabane labo lokwabelana ngesondo kunye nokonwaba ngokubanzi, ukungasebenzi ngokwesondo yinto engekhoyo kunye nesihloko esimiselwe inkcubeko.36 Amadoda amaTshayina akunakwenzeka ukuba axoxe ngeengxaki zabo zesondo kunye nabani na. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba baxoxa ngempilo yabo yezesondo, kunokwenzeka ukuba bathethe nomhlobo wakho okanye igqirha eliyinyanga kunonyango lwezamayeza.37 Xa amadoda aseTshayina efuna unyango kugqirha oqhelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uninzi lwee-comorbidities lungahambelani nesini. Oku kwahlukile kumadoda aseNtshona, afuna unyango kwi-ED yodwa.30

Ukuthobela ukhathalelo lwempilo

Amadoda ayijonga imizimba yawo njengoomatshini kwaye acinga ukuba aza kusebenza kakuhle. Xa bejamelene nokungasebenzi kakuhle, amadoda alindela isisombululo esithe ngqo. Ngokubanzi, amanyathelo exesha elide kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila njengokunciphisa ubunzima, ukuzivocavoca, ukuyeka ukutshaya, ukutya ngendlela esempilweni kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo akufumaneki kakuhle. Ngokungafaniyo nabasetyhini, abafumana ingcebiso yezonyango kubo bonke ubomi bokuzala, amadoda awathobeli kangako iingcebiso zonyango. Le yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kuphunyezwa imigaqo-nkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo yamadoda.38 Uhlolisiso olwenziwe kubafundi abasetyhini abangaphantsi kwesiqhelo e-US e-USA baveze ukuba abantu basetyhini banesimo esihle sokukhathalela othintelo kwaye bahlolwa rhoqo kunamadoda.39 Embindini weAsia, i-80% yalo lonke utyelelo kubaboneleli bezempilo benziwa ngabafazi kunye nabantwana, zombini kwiindawo ezisezidolophini nasezilalini. Amadoda aneminyaka eyi-50 iminyaka nangaphezulu evela kwiindawo ezisezidolophini kumbindi weAsia afuna kakhulu ukubonisana ngonyango kunamadoda asemaphandleni angaphantsi kweminyaka ye-50.40 Umahluko oqwalaselweyo kunyango lokufuna unyango unokuchazwa ngumahluko kumathuba, imikhankaso yangoku yokwazisa egxile kwimpilo yabasetyhini nasebantwaneni, kunye nesimo sengqondo ngokubanzi kukhathalelo lonyango. Inyani yokuba ulindelo lobomi bamadoda yiminyaka esi-7 mfutshane kunaleyo yabasetyhini iphakamisa ukuba isimo sengqondo samadoda ngempilo sithabathe ubomi babo.30

Ukwazisa

I-Testosterone idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yamadoda, kwaye ukusilela kwe testosterone kuvelisa ukubonakala kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zeklinikhi ezibandakanya iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, kubandakanya nenkqubo yokuzala yamadoda.41 Ke, kumadoda ane-ED, ugqirha owazayo unethuba lokuchonga ezinye izifo ezinxulumana naphambi kokuba zibe yineglera eklinikhi.31 Phakathi kwamadoda ane-ED, i-2% ijongana nesigulo esikhulu sentliziyo ngaphakathi kweenyanga ze-12 kunye ne-11% ichaphazeleka ngaphakathi kweminyaka ye-5.42 Ulwazi phakathi kwamadoda aseTshayina ekuswelekeni kwe-androgen okanye ukusilela kwe-androgen akwanelanga.37 Ngelishwa, ulwazi ngempilo yamadoda luyasilela phakathi koogqirha. Ukungaqwalaselwa ngokwaneleyo kulo mba sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokunqongophala okubonakalayo.30 Ngaphaya koko, iingxaki zexesha kunyango lweengxaki zesondo nazo zinegalelo kukungabikho kolwazi. Ngokukodwa, oogqirha kufuneka baye kwezinye izifo ezisongela ubomi, kwaye inani loogqirha alonelanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezigulana.32

Isivumelwano sendalo iphela kukhetho lweklinikhi olunoxanduva kwimpilo yamadoda asikafumaneki ngenxa yeembono ezahlukileyo ngokubanzi kwimicimbi eyahlukeneyo yempilo yamadoda phakathi koogqirha abambalwa. Oku kwahluke mpela kwimpilo yabasetyhini, yona ingugqirha wezifo zabasetyhini.32 Kuvavanyo kwizimo zengqondo zoogqirha ngokubhekisele kwimiba yezempilo yamadoda eAsia, oogqirha ngokubanzi banxulumana nempilo yamadoda nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Izifo zeprostate kunye ne-ED zazithathwa njengemicimbi yezempilo yamadoda kunqabile. Uninzi loogqirha bakholelwa ukuba impilo yamadoda sisizinda se-urologist, kwaye oogqirha abaziintloko, i-endocrinologists kunye ne-cardiologists azibalulekanga. Uninzi loogqirha bayavuma ukuba ukuphulukana nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo kunye nobudala akunakuphepheka, kwaye isigulo kunye neemeko ezifunyanwa ngamadoda njengoko bekhula ziyaxelwa kwangaphambili. Kananjalo oogqirha abaninzi abonwabanga xa bejongana neengxaki zesini samadoda ngenxa yokunqongophala koqeqesho kunye nolwazi ngemicimbi yesondo.32

Unyango olulolunye / amayeza emveli

I-Asia yimbiza enyibilikisayo yeendlela ezizezinye kunye nezamayeza emveli. E-China kuphela, amayeza emveli abalwa nge-30% -50% yokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwamayeza. Ngapha koko, eMalaysia, i-65% yamadoda ibivakalelwa kukuba amayeza emveli angcono kunonyango oluqhelekileyo.36

E-China, isixa esikhulu sophando lwenzululwazi sele senziwe ukuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kwamayeza esintu kunye ne-acupuncture, kunye neempembelelo ekuswelekeni kwe-androgen. Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba iziphumo ezifanelekileyo zinokufumaneka ngonyango olunolunye kwaye ugqithise indima ebalulekileyo yeendlela zesintu kunyango lokusilela kwe-androgen. Ngenxa yezi ziphumo sele zikhankanyiwe, uninzi lwamadoda lufuna amayeza emveli ukuthintela ukutyelelwa okulihlazo koochwephesha kwezonyango kunye neziphumo ebezinokubakho zonyango lwala maxesha.37

Abantu abaninzi babhenela kunyango lwesintu emva kokukruquka sisiphumo sonyango lwala maxesha. Izigulana zikhetha ukuthatha uxanduva ngakumbi ngempilo yazo ngokujonga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzilawula kunye nokuba sempilweni. Elinye iyeza libandakanya le miba, ukuthatha indlela epheleleyo kwiingxaki zesigulana. Izenzo zesiko ezinje nge-acupuncture, i-acupressure, i-ayurvedic, iyoga, amayeza esintu, unyango lokuthambisa, umthambo, ubugcisa bemfazwe kunye nokuphilisa ngokomoya ziindlela ezigqibeleleyo. Ezi ndlela zidibanisa umzimba, ingqondo kunye nomoya, kwaye ukuphilisa kuyafezekiswa ngokusebenzisa Umxholo wamandla kunokuba ubaluleke, njengonyango lwamhlanje. Xa kuthelekiswa nobunzima benzululwazi, obusisiseko sezonyango zala maxesha, le ngcaciso iyaqondakala kwaye iqondwe lula, kwaye yamkelwe ngokulula ngenxa yendlela ebanzi.

Ubuninzi bamaqela obuhlanga, abahlali, iinkcubeko kunye nezonyango zemihla ngemihla ziqinisekisa ukuba yonke imiba yempilo yamadoda iyabandakanywa. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zesiko lokwandiswa kwepenile ziye zaphuhliswa, kubandakanya ukufakwa kweebheringi zebhola phantsi kwesikhumba se-penile okanye ukufakwa kwamatye axabisekileyo kunye nemivalo yegolide kwi-glans. Ezi zinto zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda asebenza kumazwe akumazantsi mpuma eAsia kuba ayafikeleleka kwaye abathengi bathenjiswa ukuba amanxeba aya kuphola kwiintsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5. Ngokuchasene noko, ukufakelwa kwale penile yanamhlanje kubiza kakhulu kwaye kufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Phantse i-1% yamadoda afaka isicelo semisebenzi kwishishini lokuthumela ngenqanawa kwiindlela zesiko zokufakelwa kwepenile.43

Amayeza e-herbal (i-phytotherapy) kukusetyenziswa kwezityalo okanye izicatshulwa zezityalo ukuze zisetyenziswe kunyango. I-Phytotherapy yenzelwa ukumilisela kwakhona amajelo okuhambisa umoya, igazi kunye nezakhamzimba, kunye nokuncedisa ukulungelelanisa izinto ezingaphakathi emzimbeni.44 Eyona njongo iphytotherapy kukubuyisela kunye nokulungelelanisa amandla abalulekileyo emzimbeni, noxanduva lokuguga, izifo kunye nokonakala kwemizimba. Ithiyori yokuphilisa yamkela inkqubo ebanzi, ethi ukungalingani kwamandla kwinkqubo enye yomzimba kuchaphazele ezinye iinkqubo. Ke, amayeza e-herbal awachazwanga kwinkqubo enye kwaye ayenzelwe ukuba anyange isifo esinye. Kumayeza aseNtshona, ipilisi nganye yenzelwe ilungu elithile / inkqubo; ke, isigulana sinokufuna ibhasikithi ezele iipilisi zekomidibidity ezininzi. Ngesi sizathu, amayeza emveli abukeka ngakumbi kunamayeza aqhelekileyo.

Izinto ezahlukeneyo zikhokelela ekunciphiseni kokusetyenziswa kwamayeza aqhelekileyo phakathi kwamadoda aseAsia. Ngokukodwa, amayeza emveli ahambelana ngakumbi neenqobo zaseAsia, iinkolelo kunye nefilosofi yokujonga impilo, njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla.45 Ngaphezu koko, amayeza emveli afikeleleka ngakumbi, njengoko kuxeliwe nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi. I-Asia ngumbhodamo weenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolelo, kwaye usikelelwe ngobuninzi bamayeza emveli. La mayeza anokufumaneka ngokulula kuba afumaneka kumaziko ezonyango, kwiimarike nakwiindawo zokutyela, kwaye akufuneki ukuba kudityanwe nonyango kunye nemiyalelo. Ukuphazamiseka ekuthengweni kwamachiza sesinye sezona zizathu ziqhelekileyo zokuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwe-phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor.31 Ngaphezu koko, ezinye iindlela zonyango zangoku kunzima ukuzilawula. Umzekelo, i-alprostadil kufuneka ifakwe kwilungu lobudoda. Uloyiko lwesigulana ngokubhekisele kwiziphumo zonyango oluqhelekileyo lukwayinto ebalulekileyo, kwaye abathengi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba amayeza emveli akhuselekile.45 Amadoda ase-Asia nawo akholelwa ekubeni oogqirha babo banengqondo evaliweyo, abanalo ulwazi kwaye abaqondi okanye bavuma amanye amayeza. Ngokuchasene noko, iingcali zemveli zithathwa ngokuba ziluncedo, ziyaqinisekisa kwaye zilungile.36

Uninzi lwezifundo zamayeza emveli aqhutywa in vitro okanye kwizilwanyana, kwaye zimbalwa izifundo ezenziwa ebantwini. Ukongeza, izithako ezisebenzayo zala machiza azibonakali lula; ke, izigulana zithatha i-cocktail yeekhemikhali ezingaqondakaliyo zokusebenziseka nokungaziwayo. Ngokunjalo, isiphumo sonyango lwamayeza esiqhelo sinokuhluka ngenxa yeenguqu kwiimeko zomhlaba kunye nezinye izinto ezingqongileyo, ezikhokelela kwiziphumo ezingahambelaniyo. Ngenxa yoko, iidosi ezifanelekileyo zinobunzima bokufezekisa. Ukuguquguquka okanye ukungabikho kobukho bemigaqo yolawulo esemgangathweni kwezinye iindawo zeAsia kuqhubela phambili lo mbandela.36

Ukufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo

Ukufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo kumazwe asaphuhlayo yingxaki ebalulekileyo, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi komgama ukuya kumaziko ezempilo kunye nomgangatho wokusetyenziswa sele uqaphelekile. Umcimbi okhankanywe ngaphambili yingxaki ebalulekileyo eAsia kuba uninzi lwamazwe asakhasayo kumazwe. Amazwe akuAsia akuAsia ajongene neengxaki ezifanayo. Ngapha koko, ezinye iinkonzo zokhathalelo lwempilo zokuqala zigubungela iindawo ezinokubanjiswa njengendawo enkulu njenge-300 km phakathi kweelali, kwaye izigulana zijamelene nomthwalo onzima wemali ofikelela kumaziko ezempilo. Abakhathaleli bezempilo bajamelana nobunzima obufanayo, kubandakanya nexesha elide lokundwendwela ekhaya.40 Saroja okqhubekayo.46 wafunda inani labantu baseMalawi, kwaye waphawula ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweenkonzo zononophelo kuxhomekeke kubukho besifo esinganyangekiyo, ubudala kunye nobuhlanga.46 Umzekelo, amaTshayina asebenzisa ukhathalelo lwezonyango ngokuxhaphakileyo ngenxa yemeko yempilo ekumgangatho ophakamileyo, ukuchaza ingxelo ephantsi, ukuthandabuza, ukubekwa kokugula okuphezulu kunye nokufikelela kumayeza emveli. Intlupheko kunye nemeko yemfundo ayibanga nafuthe kwindlela yokufuna ukhathalelo lwempilo.

Enye ingxaki enokuthi ichaphazele impilo yamadoda kwixa elizayo kukufikeleleka konyango lwanamhlanje. Abemi baseMpuma Asia baguga ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uqoqosho alunakho ukumelana nabantu abadala. Ngokukodwa, phakathi ko-2030 ukuya ku-2050, inani labantu abadala kumazwe amakhulu ase-Asiya kulindeleke ukuba lonyuke liye kwi-15%. Ukuba uqoqosho lwelizwe alunakulingana nabantu abalupheleyo, izixhobo ezaneleyo zisenokungabikho kubantu abadala.47 Ngaphaya koko, imikhankaso yezempilo yamadoda iyakuchaphazeleka kakhulu ukuba abasebenzisi bokugqibela abakwazi ukubonelela ngovavanyo lwegazi, amayeza kunye nolunye ulungiselelo olunxulumene nokhathalelo lonyango.

Iziphumo ezichazwe apha ngasentla zibonisa imeko yangoku yezempilo e-Asiya, kwaye igama elithi 'intlekele kathathu' liyichaza ngokuchanekileyo imeko (ukwaluphala ngaphambi kokuba ube sisityebi, ukugula ngaphambi kokuguga kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zokhathalelo lwempilo kudibanisa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluqinileyo).48

Uninzi lwamaphepha abalulekileyo kwimpilo yamadoda aveliswe eNtshona, kwaye izifundo ezenziwa eAsia zinqabile.49 Zeziphi izinto ezibangela ukungangqinelani? Amadoda aseAsia ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwenkcubeko nangokwasentlalweni kwahlukile kumadoda aseNtshona;50, 51 ke, iziphumo eziveliswe eNtshona zinokungasebenzi kumadoda e-Asiya. Ngesi sizathu, izibalo kumadoda aseAsia kufuneka zifunyanwe. Izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zibangela ukunqongophala kwedatha kwimpilo yezesondo yamadoda aseAsia. Umzekelo, inkcubeko eyahlukeneyo e-Asiya lilo elintlangothi-mbini. Ngokufanelekileyo, xa izifundo zenziwa e-Asia, iziphumo kufuneka ziguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ziqinisekiswe kwiilwimi ezininzi. Uhlalutyo lwedatha yinto ethandabuzekayo edityaniswa kukungavisisani phakathi kwabagqirha njengesiphumo sokuchazwa gwenxa okubangelwa zizithintelo zolwimi, inkcubeko, iinkolelo kunye nenqanaba lezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso. Ngokufanayo, ukufana okanye ukubekwa emgangathweni ngokuqokelelwa kwedatha kuyasilela; ke, uhlalutyo lwedatha ngumsebenzi onyukayo. Umzekelo, iiparameter ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwe ukulinganisa amanqanaba e-testosterone ye-serum. Kwizifundo ezibini zase-Asiya, amanani axabisekileyo e-cutoff ayesetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-testosterone yamahhala yeononongo. Kwisifundo esinye, umqobo we-0.023 nmol l-1 yafakwa, ngelixa kolunye uphononongo, ixabiso le-cutoff lamiselwa kwi-0.030 nmol l-1. Ukuqhubekeka ngokudibanisa imeko, kusetyenziswe izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukuthembakala kunye nokuphindeka kwakhona kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo ziye zahluka. Ngenxa yeziphumo ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji zokusilela kwe testosterone kumanqanaba nobudala obahlukeneyo, iziphumo zezi zifundo zingasentla zaziphikisana.41 Nangona izifundo zangaphambili beziqinisekisile ifuthe le-phytoandrogen, olu phando lwenziwe kwizilwanyana, kwaye uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lwezonyango ebantwini lunqabile.41

impatho

Ukongeza kumayeza aqhelekileyo ale mihla, abantu baseAsia banokusebenzisa amayeza emveli kunye nokuncedisana, aqala emva kwamawakawaka eminyaka. Ngokwezonyango zanamhlanje, amayeza afumaneka ngenxa yokuphelelwa sisini kuyafana nalawo aseNtshona. Kwi-ED, unyango lubandakanya uhlobo lwe-phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, intracavernosal prostaglandin E1, inkqubo yokucamngca ye-urethral yokwenziwa kwezinto, izixhobo zokuthambisa kunye ne-penile prosthesis. Iziphumo zohlolisiso lwangaphambili zacebisa ukuba ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwe-sildenafil emadodeni eTaiwan (China), kuyafana noko kwabemi baseNtshona.52 Kuphononongo kwizigulana zeswekile zaseAsia ezanyangwa nge-intracavernosal prostaglandin E1, I-76.5% yezigulana ze-ED zixele umsebenzi owanelisayo wesondo.53 Kolunye uphononongo olwenziwe eTaiwan (China), ulwaneliseko olupheleleyo kunye nonyango lwe-penile prosthesis upasuaji yi-86.6%.54 Ingalo ekhawulezayo yamayeza emveli kunye nokuhambelana afumanekayo e-Asia ibonisiwe kwi shicilelo. owever, izifundo eziqinileyo ezinobungqina obucacileyo bokusebenza kwezi ndlela zonyango azenziwanga.

Kwi-hypogonadism, unyango olunokufakwa endaweni ye-testosterone lunokunikwa ngohlobo lwejeli, ipani, inaliti yomlomo okanye intramuscular. I-testosterone undecanoate, ene-testosterone ehlala ixesha elide eyenzekileyo, sele isandisiwe kwaye ifundwe kwizigulana zaseKorea ezine-testosterone defence syndrome. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba i-testosterone undecanoate yayisebenza, ikhuselekile kwaye iyanyamezeleka.55 Ukulungiswa kwe-ejaculation ngaphambi kwexesha, unyango lwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha, ii-creams ze-anesthetic zendawo, i-SS creams, tramadol kunye nokukhetha i-inhibitors ye-serotonin ekhethiweyo inokusetyenziswa. I-Dapoxetine, i-inhibitor entsha yokuphinda isebenze kwakhona ene-serotonin eneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kuneyokuthatha ixesha elide i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Kuphononongo olwenziwe kwingingqi yeAsia Pacific, i-dapoxetine yandiswa ixesha elide le-ejra yecalular ye-intravaginal kunye nokuphucula amanyathelo eprofayili ye-ejuko. Ukongeza, iziphumo zacebisa ukuba i-dapoxetine inyamezelwe kakuhle.56

Izikhokelo zekamva

Xa kuthelekiswa neNtshona, idatha ekungasasebenziyo ngokwesondo kwabesilisa e-Asia inqabile, kwaye amayeza esondo awasuswanga ngokuqinileyo njengesebe lamayeza elifuna ingqalelo. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi lokwabelana ngesondo luyanda, kwaye i-Asia Pacific Society yoNyango lwezeSondo idlale indima enkulu ekuphuculeni impilo yezesondo.

Amadoda aseAsia ahluke ngokucacileyo koogxa bawo baseNtshona ngokubhekisele kwibhayoloji, inkcubeko kunye neenkolelo. Okwangoku, abaguli baseAsia balawulwa ngokusekwe kwidatha efunyenwe kubemi baseNtshona. Abaphandi baseAsia kufuneka baphuhlise izixhobo zoncedo kunye neenkqubo zesigqibo ekwabelwana ngazo ezilungiselelwe imeko yenkcubeko yabo. Uphando lwexesha elizayo kwimpilo yamadoda yezesondo kufuneka igubungele imeko yokuziphatha kwengqondo kunye nokucinga kweentlanga ezahlukeneyo kubemi baseAsia. Ukwenza iiprofayili kula madoda kuya kunceda kuphuhliso lwezicwangciso zokhathalelo lomntu kunye nezisebenzayo ezisekwe kwiimodeli zesigqibo ekwabelwana ngaso kunye noncedo lwezigqibo ezisekwe kubungqina.48

Ukusukela kwimemorial yexesha, abantu baseAsia bebesoloko besebenzisa amayeza emveli kunye nokuhambelana. Ngenxa yeenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo e-Asiya, zininzi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, olu nyango aluzange lufundwe ngokubanzi. Uninzi lophando malunga nonyango olunolunye luqhutywa in vitro okanye isekwe kwiimodeli zezilwanyana. Ke ngoko, ukusebenza kunye nokukhuseleka kwezi ndlela zonyango akuqinisekanga. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza emveli kunye nokuhambelana kufuneka asetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye uphando oluninzi kufuneka lwenziwe ukuhlutha okuhle kokubi.

Imeko yengqondo yabantu base-Asiya kufuneka itshintshiwe. Ukwabelana ngesondo akufuneki kujongelwe njengento emdaka, kwaye ogqirha kufuneka bajongane ngqo nokungasebenzi ngesondo, okubaluleke njengeswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Urhulumente kufuneka abele imali eyoneleyo yokunyanga ukungasebenzi ngokwesondo. Kumazwe amaninzi, amayeza afana ne-PDF5 inhibitors akaxhaswanga ngurhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwezigulana alunakho ukuhlawulela unyango kwaye lusokola xa kuthe cwaka. Imibutho efana neAsia Pacific Society yoNyango lweSondo kunye ne-Asia-Oceania Federation yezeSayensi yezeSondo kufuneka ikhuthaze ukuphuhliswa kwamayeza ezesondo. Amadoda aseAsia kufuneka aphalaze i-taboos ehambelana nesondo kwaye aqonde ukuba ukungasebenzi ngokwesondo sisifo esinokunyangwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amajelo eendaba angadlala indima ebalulekileyo.

izigqibo

Impilo yesini yamadoda e-Asia ibeka umceli mngeni kubanikezeli bezempilo kuba iindlela ezahlukileyo ezahlukileyo kufuneka zamkelwe ukujongana nemiba ethile ekhethekileyo kubantu base-Asiya. Ke, inkqubela phambili kwimpilo yezesondo yamadoda kufuneka yenziwe, kwaye oovimba abazizincedisi bendabuko kunye nonyango oluhambelanayo kufuneka babanjiwe ukuqhubela phambili impilo yezesondo yamadoda e-Asiya.

Imihlathi

Ulwazi olongezelelweyo Ihamba nephepha elikwiwebhusayithi yeMoleky Psychiatry (http://www.nature.com/aja)

shicilelo

Amayeza emveli asetyenziswa eAsia

  • I-yam yam yaseTshayina (iDioscorea ngokuchaseneyo)
  • I-Eucomnia (i-Eucommia ulmoides)
  • IGinseng (iPanax ginseng)
  • Fo-Ti-Tieng
  • Dong-quai
  • I-Deer Antlers (uCervi pantotrichum)
  • ISeahorse (Hippocampus kelloggii)
  • UGingko (Gingko biloba)
  • Tribulus terrestris
  • Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia)
  • Gambih
  • Yohimbe (Pausinystalia yohimbe)
  • I-Epimedium ekhuphe (Ukhula lukaHorny Goat)
  • Ingca e-oat
  • Inyama ye-oyster
  • Amagqabi eNettle
  • Amathumbu ezilwanyana
  • baseCayenne
  • Astragalus
  • ISarsparilla
  • Iingcambu zeComporice
  • Imbewu yethanga
  • Cuscuta
  • IDendrobium
  • I-Curculiginis
  • I-Cornus cornus
  • I-Cordyceps sinensis
  • Imbewu yeCnidium
  • I-Cistanches
  • Iziqhamo zeAlpinia
  • Ingcambu ye-asparagus yasendle
  • Gynostemma
  • Longan
  • Imbewu yeLotus
  • Isiqhamo seLcium (Fructus lycii)
  • Ingcambu kaMorinda
  • Psoralea
  • Rehmannia
  • Isiqhamo seSchizandra
  • Walnut kernel

Ulwazi olongezelelweyo

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Ukwahlukana kwamayeza esini phakathi kweAsia neNtla Melika: amagqabantshintshi ngesifo sokungasebenzi ngokwesondo kwamadoda e-Asiya

I-Asia J Androl. I-2011 Jul; I-13 (4): 605-606.

Ipapashwe kwi-intanethi ye-2011 Jun 6. doi:  I-10.1038 / aja.2010.139

PMCID: PMC3739613

Kwinqaku elishicilelwe kutshanje kwi Ijenali yaseAsia yeAndrology, Ho okqhubekayo.1 Vavanya ukuxhaphaka, izimo zengqondo, kunye neendlela zonyango ezinxulumene nokungasebenzi gwenxa kwezesondo e-Asia kwaye uzithelekise nezo zaseNtshona. Babalaselisa ukubambeka kwedatha ngokuhambelana ne-erectile dysfunction (ED), i-ejaculation ngaphambi kwexesha, kunye ne-hypogonadism kubemi baseAsia. Nangona ababhali besenza umzamo oncomekayo wokubonakalisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo e-Asiya, kukho izinto ezininzi ezenza kube nzima ukucacisa amazinga aphathekayo. Izinto eziphikisayo ezichaphazela ukutolikwa kwezi zifundo zibandakanya indlela yokuchongwa kweecohorts ezifundwayo, iminyaka yabathathi-nxaxheba yokufunda, amaxabiso okuphendula, iinkcazo ze-ED, kunye nobuchule kunye nobude bexesha lokuqokelelwa kwedatha.

Zombini iAsia naseMelika eseMelika zineendawo ngeendawo zokuhlala zasezidolophini nasezilalini kunye nabemi bemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo yemfundo kunye neeklasi zentlalo. Akukho mathandabuzo amancinci, ke, ukuba izinto zenkcubeko ezibalaseleyo zinefuthe lokuxela kunye nonyango lokungasebenzi ngokwesondo kuwo omabini amazwekazi. Iqondo le-ED eUnited States lihlala liqikelelwa ukuba yi-35% -50% yamadoda aneminyaka eyi-40-70.2, 3 Kuphononongo lwezifundo zesifo sokudakumba ngokwesondo okubandakanya amazwe aseAsia (kubandakanya nezifundo zehlabathi ezininzi ezibandakanya idatha yase-Asiya evunyelweyo ukuthelekisa phakathi kwezizwe), U-Lewis ubonakalise umahluko obonakalayo kumanqanaba okwanda okuxeliweyo.4 Umzekelo, amadoda eThailand ayenenqanaba elipheleleyo le-ED le-38%, xa kuthelekiswa ne-20% ye-China, i-15% ye-Korea kunye ne-2% ye-Malaysia. Kuzo zonke izifundo, nangona kunjalo, amazinga okuxhaphaka anda ngokwanda. Kwakukho i-7% -15% yokwanda kwe-ED kwizifundo zase-Asia zeqela le-40-49 iminyaka yobudala, eyanyuka yaya kwi-39% -49% yamadoda aneminyaka eyi-60-70. Abemi baseNyakatho Melika, isiLatin, kunye nabaseOstreliya babenako ukwanda okuhambelana nobudala.

Ababhali bovavanyo lwangoku bajolise kukwahluka kwesimo sengqondo kunye nonyango phakathi kwamadoda aseAsia nawaseNtshona ane-ED. Baqaphela ukuba uninzi lwamadoda aseAsia 'bayasokola (ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo) bethule' ngokuchasene namadoda ahlala kwiindawo zaseNtshona, kwaye bacebisa ukuba umahluko ngokwenkcubeko onxulumene nokuqonda kobudoda unokuba ngunobangela. Oko kuthethiweyo, ezi mpembelelo zinye zichaphazela amadoda kunye nokuxela ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo kuzo zonke iinkcubeko. KwisiXeko saseNew York, sinelungelo lokubonelela ngononophelo kubantu abagulayo abahlukeneyo, kubandakanya amadoda aphuma kwilizwekazi laseAsia. NjengaseAsia, sihlala sihlangana nezigulana ikakhulu ezisebenzisa amayeza esintu kunye nalawo esiko endaweni, okanye kunye, nalawo abizwa ngokuba “ngamayeza aseNtshona”. Amadoda anokufikelela kolu nyango lwesiqhelo ngenxa yokuba lunokufunyanwa ngendlela engaziwayo ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuhluleka ngokwesini. Ngokwenkcazo, amanye amayeza awakhange abe phantsi kwemigangatho yobungqina obusekwe kubungqina bokusebenza kwaye ke kuxoxwa kancinci ngexesha lesikolo sezonyango kunye noqeqesho lokuhlala eUnited States. Ngokuhambelana, oogqirha baseMntla Melika bahlala bengafundisanga malunga namayeza emveli kwaye bahlala bethandabuza malunga nonyango lwamayeza esintu.5 Nangona kunjalo, abaguli abaninzi baseAsia naseUnited States baxhomekeke kumayeza esintu. UXu no-Levine baxele ukuba i-11-30% yezigulana zabo bezisebenzisa amayeza esintu. Bachaze ukuba xa bebuzwa lo mbuzo, 'Ngaba ucinga ukuba unyango lwezixhobo zakho luluncedo njani kunyango lwezigulana zakho?', Oogqirha baphendule ngempendulo ephakathi ye-2 kwisikali se-5, nge-5 enexabiso 'njengoluncedo kakhulu' zezigulana kunye ne-1 'akuncedi nganto'.6 Ngenxa yoluntu olukhulayo eyahlukileyo eyahlukileyo enamanqanaba aphezulu okuqhubeka kwabafuduki baseAsia, sikholelwa ukuba ogqirha baseNtshona baya kuxhamla kuqeqesho olugqibeleleyo nolusemthethweni malunga nolunye unyango kwaye nokuba ezi ndlela zonyango kufuneka ziphantsi kovandlakanyo oluqatha kwaye, mhlawumbi, umgaqo.

Ababhali bophengululo bakhankanya iindleko, ukufumaneka, ukungabikho kweprofayili yecala lesiphumo, ulawulo lomgangatho, kunye neziphumo ezingahambelaniyo njengezinto ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamanye amayeza eAsia. Kumazwe aseNtshona, njengaseAsia, intywenka yemveliso 'yendalo' iza namabango okuphuculwa kobungqingili besini kunye nokukhula kwesisu. Kwimpapasho kaMacKay, L-arginine, yohimbine, IPanax ginseng, IMaca, Ginkgo biloba, I-DHEA, kunye ne-Tribulus terrestris ziye zaqwalaselwa ngokusebenza kakuhle kunyango lwe-ED.3 Ababhali bephepha baqukumbele ngelithi, nangona ulingo olusekwe kubungqina lwalunqabile, unyango lunokuvelisa iziphumo eziluncedo kwizicwili ze-penile endothelial, nangona inkxalabo malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nokunxibelelana kweziyobisi kuhlala kunjalo. Kwinkalo ye-urology, kubonakala ngathi kukho ukuvumelana malunga nesidingo sophando lweklinikhi kunye nebhentshi ekusebenzeni nasekukhuselekeni kweeprofayili zamayeza esintu kunye nemveli.

Mhlawumbi okwahluka ngokungathandekiyo okukhoyo phakathi kweenkcubeko zaseAsia naseMelika ngumahluko ngokwenkcubeko kwimpilo yamadoda efuna indlela yokuziphatha. Lo mahluko unokuqhubeka kwanaphakathi kwabantu baseMelika abanemvelaphi yaseAsia. Kuxelwe ukuba abantu baseAsia baseMelika baziva bengabandakanyekanga ngokwaneleyo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo zokhathalelo lwabo, baqonda ukuba ugqirha akazange achithe ixesha elaneleyo nabo, kwaye kunqabile ukuba bavume ukuba 'oogqirha babaphatha ngentlonipho nangesidima' xa kuthelekiswa nabantu baseMelika baseCaucasus.7 Kwisifundo esivavanya iinkolelo zempilo phakathi kwabafundi baseTshayina eMelika, abantu basetyhini babenethuba elingaphezulu koogxa babo abangamadoda ukufumana ukuhlolwa rhoqo. Olu phononongo luye lwacacisa umbono wabafundi ngabazali babo malunga nokufumana ukhathalelo lwempilo, kwaye kwaxelwa ukuba oomama 'kunokwenzeka ukuba bafune ukhuseleko kwaye bafumane nokuhlolwa rhoqo kunoyise'.8 Oku kwahlasimulisa okwahlukileyo kwisini phakathi kwabantu base-Asia baseMelika kubonisa ukuqukumbela okufikelelwe ngababhali bophononongo lwangoku ngokubhekisele kwabaseAsia.

Ngokucacileyo kukho isidingo sabanikezeli bokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze bafumane ukuthembela kwabaguli abangamadoda baseAsia kwaye babone ukusilela okubonakalayo okanye okwenyani ngokubhekisele kwimbeko nokuhloniphana kunye nokwabelana ngoxanduva lokuthatha izigqibo. Ukuqonda ngakumbi ezinye iindlela zonyango zokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo kubalulekile kwiziphumo zezigulana kunye nokhuseleko. Imizamo eqhubekayo yemibutho ezinikeleyo e-Asiya, enje ngeAsia Pacific Society yoNyango lwezeSondo, iya kuba luncedo ekususeni i-taboos zenkcubeko kunye nokuququzelela iindlela ezizizo zonyango ukuze amadoda ase-Asiya angaphinde ahlupheke ngokuthula.

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