Umsebenzi wezesondo kwi-16- ukuya kwi-21-Olds yaseBrithani (2016)

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Olu phononongo luchaze amanqanaba alandelayo eengxaki zokusebenza ngokwesondo kwi-16-21 yamadoda aneminyaka yobudala (idatha esuka kwi-2010-2012):

• Inzala engekho ebusini: 10.5%
• Ubunzima obufikelela kwisiqhamo: 8.3%
• Ubunzima bokufikelela okanye ukugcina ukulungiswa: i-7.8%

Ezi ntlawulo zingentla ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zixelwe ngaphambi kokufika konxibelelwanot. Ngokomzekelo, amazinga okungasebenzi kwe-erectile kumadoda angaphantsi kwe-40 aye axelwa ngokuqhubekayo njenge I-2% kwizifundo ezenziwe ngaphambi konyaka wama-2000. Kwi-1940s, i Ingxelo yeKinsey iphelile ukuba ukusabalala kwe-ED kwakukho ngaphantsi kwe1% kumadoda angaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30. Amazinga e-ED kumadoda angama-21 kusenokwenzeka ukuba asondele kwi-1%. Ukuba la mazinga aneminyaka eyi-6-8 achanekile oku ingabonisa i-400% -800% ukunyuka kwamazinga e-ED kumadoda aneminyaka eyi-16-21! Oko kwathiwa, iireyithi zolu phononongo zisezantsi kakhulu kunezinye izifundo zamva nje kubafana abancinci (ingakumbi amaxabiso e-ED). Bona olu hlaziyo ngeenkcukacha ezininzi kunye nezifundo: Ngaba iinthombe zoononopasho ze-intanethi zibangelwa izidakamizwa zesondo? Ukuhlaziywa ngeeNgxelo zeKliniki (2016).

Imiba embalwa inokuchaza ngokungaphantsi kwengxelo yeengxaki zesini zamadoda:

1) Indlela idatha eqokelelwe ngayo:

"Abathathi-nxaxheba baxoxwa ekhaya ngudliwano-ndlebe oqeqeshiweyo, besebenzisa ukudibanisa ubuso nobuso obuncediswa ngekhompyutheni kunye ne-computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) kwimibuzo enzima kakhulu"

Kuyenzeka ukuba abafikisayo babe ngaphantsi kokuza ngokupheleleyo kudliwanondlebe ubuso ngobuso ekhaya. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje olufumana amazinga aphezulu eengxaki zesondo kubantu abancinci ibingamagama angaziwa kwi-Intanethi. Umzekelo, oku Ucwaningo lwe-2014 kwiintsana zaseKhanada ingxelo yokuba i-53.5% yamadoda aneminyaka eyi-16-21 ineempawu ezibonisa ingxaki yesondo. I-Erectile dysfunction yayiyeyona ixhaphakileyo (27%), ilandelwa ngumnqweno wesondo ophantsi (24%), kunye neengxaki ze-orgasm (11%).

2) Uphononongo luqokelele idatha yalo phakathi kuka-Agasti, i-2010 kunye noSeptemba, 2012. Yiloo minyaka eyi-6-8 edlulileyo. Uphononongo olunika ingxelo yokunyuka okubalulekileyo kwi-ED yolutsha yaqala ukubonakala ngo-2011.

3) Uninzi lwezinye izifundo zisebenzisa i IIEF-5 okanye i-IIEF-6, ehlola iingxaki zesini kwizinga, ngokuchasene nokulula ewe or hayi (kwiinyanga ezi-3 ezidlulileyo) abaqeshwe kwiphepha langoku.

Umbhalo wezeMpilo yabantwana

Iyatholakala kwi-intanethi 3 Agasti 2016

Kirstin R. Mitchell, Ph.D.^{a, b,, U} ,URebecca Geary, Ph.D.^c, UCynthia Graham, Ph.D.^d, Soazig Clifton^c, UCatherine H. Mercer, Ph.D.^c, URute Lewis, Ph.D.^{a, e}, Wendy Macdowall, M.Sc.^a, UJessica Data, M.Sc.^a, Anne M. Johnson, MD^c, Kaye Wellings, FRCOG^a

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.05.017

Abstract

Injongo

Inkxalabo malunga neentlobano zesini zolutsha igxininise kwimfuno yokuthintela iziphumo eziyingozi ezifana nezifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo kunye nokukhulelwa okungacetywanga. Nangona inzuzo yembono ebanzi ibonwa, idatha kwezinye iinkalo zesini, ngokukodwa umsebenzi wesondo, zincinci. Sazama ukulungisa lo msantsa ngokulinganisa ukuxhaphaka kwabemi beengxaki zomsebenzi wesondo, ukufuna uncedo, kunye nokuphepha ukwabelana ngesondo kubantu abancinci.

tindlela

A cross-sectional stratified probability sample survey (Natsal-3) of 15,162 abafazi kunye namadoda eBritani (ireyithi yokuphendula: 57.7%), usebenzisa udliwano-ndlebe oluncedwa yikhompyutha. Idatha ivela kwi-1875 (71.9%) ngesondo, kunye ne-517 engasebenzi ngokwesondo (18.7%), abathathi-nxaxheba abaneminyaka eyi-16-21. Imilinganiselo yayiziinto enye ukusuka kumlinganiselo oqinisekisiweyo womsebenzi wesondo (i-Natsal-SF).

iziphumo

Phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abaneminyaka eyi-16 ukuya kwi-21 ubudala, i-9.1% yamadoda kunye ne-13.4% yabasetyhini babika ingxaki yesondo ephazamisayo ehlala kwiinyanga ze-3 okanye ngaphezulu kunyaka odlulileyo. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo emadodeni ibifikelela kuvuthondaba ngokukhawuleza (4.5%), kwaye phakathi kwabasetyhini bekunzima ukufikelela kuvuthondaba (6.3%). Ngaphezulu nje kwesithathu (35.5%) samadoda kunye ne-42.3% yabasetyhini ababika ingxaki baye bafuna uncedo, kodwa kunqabile ukuba bafumane imithombo yobungcali. Kwabo bangazange babelane ngesondo kunyaka ophelileyo, malunga ne-10% kuphela yabafana nabasetyhini abasebatsha bathi baye basiphepha isini ngenxa yobunzima bokwabelana ngesondo.

izigqibo

Iingxaki zesondo ezicinezelayo zixelwa ligcuntswana labantu abatsha abasabelana ngesondo. Imfundo iyafuneka, kwaye ingcebiso kufuneka ibekhona, ukuthintela ukunqongophala kolwazi, ixhala, kunye neentloni eziqhubela phambili kubunzima bobomi bezesondo.

Internet

• Abantu abatsha;
• Ubudala bokuqala;
• iingxaki zomsebenzi wesondo;
• Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo;
• Ukuphila kakuhle ngokwesondo;
• Ukufuna uncedo;
• Ukuphepha ukwabelana ngesondo;
• Ukuxhaphaka;
• Uphando lwabemi

Iimpembelelo kunye neGalelo

Le datha emele ilizwe evela eBritani ibonisa ukuba iingxaki zesondo ezixinzelelekileyo aziqhelekanga kubantu abancinci (abaneminyaka eyi-16-21). Kwimfundo yezesondo kunye neenkonzo zempilo yezesondo, iingcali kufuneka zivume ukubaluleka kwentlalontle ngokwesondo kwaye zinike amathuba kubantu abatsha ukuba baphakamise kwaye baxoxe ngezinto ezibaxhalabisayo.

Umdla wobuchwephesha kwindlela abantu abancinci abaziphatha ngayo ngokwesondo uhlala uqhutywa yinkxalabo yokuthintela iingozi zesini, ukukhulelwa okungacwangciswanga kunye nosulelo lwe-STI. [1], [2] kwaye [3] kwaye, ngokwandayo, ukwabelana ngesondo okungavunyelwananga. Umsebenzi ofanelekileyo ucebisa ukuba abantu abatsha ngokwabo baxhalabele ngokulinganayo kwimiba echaphazela impilo yabo yezesondo. Basenokuba banexhala malunga nendlela abakhetha ngayo ngokwesondo okanye ubuni babo [4], bazive becinezelekile ekuhlaleni ukuba bavume ukwenza izinto abangazithandiyo okanye abazifumanisa zibuhlungu [5], okanye umzabalazo ngokuchasene nezithethe ezenza kube nzima ukuvuma amava angaphantsi kokufanelekileyo [6] kwaye [7].

Ngelixa imiba emalunga nokuzikhethela, isazisi ngokwesondo, kunye nodumo lwezesondo zibhalwe kakuhle, kuncinci okwaziwayo ngeengxaki abantu abancinci abanokuba nazo ngempendulo yezesondo kunye nomsebenzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba iingxaki zomsebenzi wesondo zicingelwa ukuba zifanelekile kubantu abadala. Ukwabelana ngesondo kuchazwa njengokukwazi komntu ukuphendula ngokwesondo okanye ukufumana ukonwabela ngokwesondo [8] kunye neengxaki zesondo zezo ziphazamisana nezi. Izifundo zokuxhaphaka kwabemi beengxaki zezesondo zibandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba abancinci njenge-16 okanye i-18 leminyaka, kodwa bahlala besebenzisa iindidi ezibanzi zobudala, ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-29. [9] kwaye akafane anike iinkcukacha ezithile kubantu abatsha abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-24 [10], [11] kwaye [12]. Uphononongo olumbalwa lujolise ngokukodwa kubuntu obudala, kwaye olu alukhange lusebenzise idatha yokumela ilizwe jikelele [13] kwaye [14].

Kukho ukuqondwa okukhulayo ukuba impilo yezesondo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngokubanzi [15] kwaye [16], kunye nenkcazelo epheleleyo exhaswa yi-WHO—“imeko yomzimba, yeemvakalelo, yengqondo nengokwentlalo ngokuphathelele isini” [17]-ifumana imali ngokuthe ngcembe. Kubantu abancinci, impilo yezesondo ibandakanya "igalelo elihle lophuhliso lokwabelana ngesondo, kunye nokufumana izakhono ezihambelana nokuphepha iziphumo ezibi zesini" [18]. Kukho ubungqina bokuba iinjongo ezinxulumene nokwaneliseka ngokwesondo kunye nolonwabo zibumba zombini ukuthatha umngcipheko kunye neendlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko [16] kwaye [19]. Umzekelo, uloyiko malunga nokusebenza kwe-erectile phakathi kwabafana kubonakaliswe ukufaka isandla ekuchaseni ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom [20] kunye nokusetyenziswa okungahambelaniyo [21]. Impilo entle yezesondo kulutsha olufikisayo inyanyaniswa nokuziphatha kokunciphisa umngcipheko, njengokusebenzisa ikhondom kunye nokungabelani ngesondo. [18], kunye nomsebenzi wesondo kubantu abadala uhambelana ngokuphambene nokuziphatha komngcipheko [22]. Ngoko ke, ungenelelo olukhusela ulonwabo lunokusebenza ngakumbi kunalawo angawunanziyo lo mba [16] kwaye [23]. Ukungabikho kwangoku kwedatha malunga nomsebenzi wesondo kubantu abancinci kunciphisa iinzame zokujongana nempilo yezesondo ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye kuqinise inkolelo yokuba umsebenzi wesondo kunye nentlalontle ayibalulekanga kangako kungenelelo lokuthintela olujolise kubantu abatsha. [1] kwaye [24].

Siye sabika ngaphambili malunga nokuxhaphaka kweengxaki zomsebenzi wesondo kubantu abadala abaneminyaka eyi-16-74 iminyaka usebenzisa idatha evela kuPhando lweSizwe lweZimo zengqondo kunye neendlela zokuphila (Natsal-3) [22]. Apha, sisebenzisa le datha efanayo ukulungisa umsantsa kwidatha esebenzayo kwiingxaki zomsebenzi wesondo (kubandakanywa nezo zibangela uxinzelelo), ukunceda ukufuna malunga nobomi bobulili bomntu, kunye nokuphepha kwesondo ngenxa yeengxaki, kubantu abancinci abaneminyaka eyi-16-21 iminyaka. eBritani.

tindlela

Abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nenkqubo

Sibonisa idatha ukusuka kubathathi-nxaxheba abaneminyaka eyi-16 ukuya kwi-21 ubudala e-Natsal-3, uphando lwesampulu enokubakho ye-15,162 yamadoda kunye nabasetyhini abaneminyaka eyi-16-74 iminyaka eBritani, udliwano-ndlebe phakathi kukaSeptemba 2010 no-Agasti 2012. ixesha kunye namanqanaba okuqala emisebenzi yezesondo ngaphambi kokuba abantu abancinci "bazinze" kubudlelwane bexesha elide kunye nemikhwa yezesondo. Sisebenzise i-multistage, edibeneyo, kunye ne-stratified probability sample design, kunye neFayile yedilesi yePosi yase-UK njengesakhelo sesampulu kunye namacandelo ekhowudi yeposi (n = 1,727) ekhethwe njengeyunithi yesampulu ephambili. Kwiyunithi nganye yeesampulu eziphambili, iidilesi ezingama-30 okanye ezingama-36 zakhethwa ngokungakhethiyo, kwaye kwindlu nganye, umntu omdala ofanelekileyo wakhethwa kusetyenziswa igridi yeKish. Emva kokulinganisa ukulungelelanisa amathuba angalinganiyo okukhetha, isampuli yeNatsal-3 yayimele ngokubanzi abantu baseBritane njengoko kuchazwe ngamanani oBalo luka-2011. [25].

Abathathi-nxaxheba baxoxwa ekhaya ngudliwano-ndlebe oqeqeshiweyo, usebenzisa ukudibanisa ubuso nobuso obuncediswa ngekhompyutha kunye ne-computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) kwimibuzo enzima kakhulu. Udliwano-ndlebe wayekho kwaye ekhona ukunceda ngelixa abathathi-nxaxheba begqibezela i-CASI kodwa abazange bajonge iimpendulo. Ekupheleni kwamacandelo e-CASI, iimpendulo "zitshixiwe" kwikhompyutheni kwaye zazingenakufikeleleka kudliwano-ndlebe. Udliwano-ndlebe lwahlala malunga neyure, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana i-£ 15 njengophawu lokuxabisa. Isixhobo sovavanyo siye savavanywa ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokulingwa [26].

Ireyithi yokuphendula iyonke yayingu-57.7% yazo zonke iidilesi ezifanelekileyo (i-64.8% phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abaneminyaka eyi-16-44). Izinga lentsebenziswano (umlinganiselo wabaphenduli kwiidilesi ezifanelekileyo apho uqhagamshelwano lwenziwe ngokuvuma ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphando) yayingama-65.8%. Iinkcukacha zendlela yophando zipapashwa kwenye indawo [25] kwaye [27]. I-Natsal-3 yamkelwa yi-Oxfordshire Research Ethics Committee A. Abathathi-nxaxheba banike imvume yomlomo yodliwano-ndlebe.

Amanyathelo esiphumo

Abathathi-nxaxheba abanika ingxelo ngesondo sangasese, ngomlomo, okanye ngeempundu kunye neqabane elinye okanye ngaphezulu kulo nyaka uphelileyo bahlelwa "njengezesondo" kwaye babuzwa ukuba bakhe bafumana naluphi na uluhlu lweengxaki ezisibhozo ngobomi babo bokwabelana ngesondo obuthatha iinyanga ze-3 okanye ngaphezulu kwixesha elidlulileyo. unyaka. Aba babengenamdla wokwabelana ngesondo, bengonwabanga ngesondo, beziva benexhala ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, beziva iintlungu zomzimba ngenxa yesondo, beziva kungekho mincili okanye bavuseleleke ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, abazange bafikelele encotsheni (ukufumana i-orgasm) okanye bathathe ixesha elide. ukufikelela kuvuthondaba nangona uziva ndinemincili okanye uvukile, ufike kuvutho-ndaba (ukufumana i-orgasm) ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ungathanda, ube nelungu lobufazi elomileyo elingathandekiyo (ubuzwe kubafazi kuphela), kwaye waba nengxaki yokufumana okanye ukugcina uqhaqho (ubuzwa ngamadoda kuphela) . Kwinto nganye, bavumile (baphendule ewe), abathathi-nxaxheba babuzwa ukuba baziva njani malunga nengxaki (ukhetho lokuphendula: alunakukhathazeka kwaphela; ndinxunguphele kancinci; ndinxunguphele ngokufanelekileyo; ndinxunguphele kakhulu). Siphinde sabuza ukuba bafumene ixesha elingakanani ubunzima kunye nokuba kwenzeka kaninzi kangakanani iimpawu (idatha engachazwanga kweli nqaku).

Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba abanamava ngokwesondo (abo bakhe baba namava okwabelana ngesondo), nokuba babelana ngesondo kunyaka ophelileyo, bacelwe ukuba bahlole ubomi babo bokwabelana ngesondo ngokubanzi, kubandakanywa nokuba baye basiphepha na ukwabelana ngesondo ngenxa yobunzima bokwabelana ngesondo abahlangabezana nabo okanye amaqabane abo. (ndivuma kakhulu, ndivuma, ndingavumi okanye ndingavumi, andivumi, andivumi kakhulu). Abathathi-nxaxheba abavuma kakhulu okanye abavumayo baye banikwa uluhlu olufanayo lweengxaki kwaye bacelwa ukuba babonise ukuba yintoni, ukuba ikhona, ebangele ukuba baphephe ukwabelana ngesondo. Iimpendulo ezongezelelekileyo zokhetho zazimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: “Iqabane lam lalinengxaki yesondo enye (okanye ngaphezulu)” kwaye “akukho nanye kwezi zinto eyabangela ukuba ndiphephe ukwabelana ngesondo.” Iimpendulo ezininzi zavunyelwa. Abathathi-nxaxheba babuzwa ukuba ngaba baziva becinezelekile okanye banexhala malunga nobomi babo bokwabelana ngesondo ngokusebenzisa isikali se-Likert esinamanqaku amahlanu. Okokugqibela, abathathi-nxaxheba babuzwa ukuba ngaba bafuna uncedo okanye iingcebiso malunga nobomi babo bokwabelana ngesondo kulo naluphi na uluhlu lwemithombo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, kwaye ukuba ewe, ukukhetha konke okusebenzayo. Olu khetho lwathi emva koko lwahlulwa njengelungu losapho/umhlobo, amajelo eendaba/ukuzinceda (kubandakanya ulwazi kunye neendawo zenkxaso kwi-intanethi; iincwadi zokuzinceda/amaphecana olwazi; amaqela okuzinceda; umnxeba woncedo), kunye neengcali (kubandakanya ingcali jikelele/usapho ugqirha; impilo yezesondo/iyeza lomchamo/iklinikhi ye-STI; ugqirha wengqondo okanye ingcali yengqondo; umcebisi ngobudlelwane; olunye uhlobo lwekliniki okanye ugqirha), okanye khange bafune naluphi na uncedo. Ezi zinto ziphuma kwi-Natsal-SF; umlinganiselo womsebenzi wesondo oyilwe ngokukodwa kwaye waqinisekiswa ukuba usetyenziswe kule kunye nolunye uphando lokuxhaphaka kwabemi. Umlinganiselo we-17-into ye-Natsal-SF inomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo (uthelekiso olufanelekileyo lwesalathisi = .963; isalathisi sika-Tucker Lewis = .951; ingcambu ithetha impazamo yesikweri soqikelelo = .064), inokucalula phakathi kweklinikhi kunye namaqela abantu ngokubanzi, kwaye inovavanyo oluhle -vavanya ukuthembeka kwakhona (r = .72) [22] kwaye [28].

Uhlalutyo lwesatisatisti

Lonke ucazululo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa imisebenzi yesaveyi entsonkothileyo ye-Stata (uguqulelo 12; i-StataCorp LP, iSikhululo seKholeji, i-TX) ukunika ingxelo malunga nomlinganiselo, ukuhlanganisa, kunye nokuhlelwa kwedatha. Uhlalutyo lwaluthintelwe kuwo onke amadoda kunye nabasetyhini abanamava ngesondo abaneminyaka eyi-16-21 iminyaka. Into engaphenduliyo kwi-Natsal-3 yayiphantsi (phantse rhoqo <5%, kwaye kaninzi i-1% -3%), ngoko ke izigulane ezinedatha elahlekileyo zazingabandakanywa kuhlalutyo. Phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba ababelana ngesondo (abo babika ubuncinane iqabane elinye lezesondo kunyaka ngaphambi kodliwano-ndlebe), sinika izibalo ezichazayo zokunika ingxelo ngeengxaki zesondo (ezihlala kwii-3 okanye iinyanga ezingaphezulu kunyaka odlulileyo), kunye nomlinganiselo ocinezelekileyo yingxaki yabo. Sikwanika ingxelo ngomlinganiselo wokufuna uncedo kuluhlu lwemithombo, ehlelwe ngokuxela ingxaki enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezesondo. Kubathathi-nxaxheba abangabelananga ngesondo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, sichaza iinkcukacha-manani ezichazayo kwiziphumo ezithathu: ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo, uxinzelelo malunga nobomi bokwabelana ngesondo, kunye nokuphepha ukwabelana ngesondo ngenxa yobunzima bokwabelana ngesondo.

iziphumo

Uninzi lwamadoda nabasetyhini (72%) abaneminyaka eyi-16 ukuya kwengama-21 baxela ukuba baneqabane elinye okanye ngaphezulu kwezesondo kulo nyaka uphelileyo kwaye ke bahlelwa njengababelana ngesondo (amadoda angama-854 kunye ne-1,021 yabasetyhini). Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa umlinganiselo wala madoda anika ingxelo nganye kwiingxaki zesondo ezisibhozo ezithatha iinyanga ze-3 okanye ngaphezulu kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Isinye kwisithathu sala madoda (33.8%) sibe nengxaki enye okanye ngaphezulu kokusebenza ngokwesondo (uluhlu lokuqala lwe Itheyibhile 1), kunye ne-9.1% ibike enye okanye ngaphezulu ingxaki yomsebenzi wesondo ophazamisayo (ikholamu yesibini); okuthetha ukuba phakathi kwamadoda abika ingxaki enye okanye ngaphezulu, ngaphezu kwekota (26.9%) baziva benxunguphele (uluhlu lwesithathu).

Itheyibhile 1.

Amava eengxaki zomsebenzi wesondo, kunye noxinzelelo malunga nezi ngxaki, phakathi kwabafana abasabelana ngesondo, abaneminyaka eyi-16-21 iminyaka.

CI = ixesha lokuzithemba.

a

I-Denominator iyahluka kwingxaki nganye yomsebenzi wesondo kule kholamu. Idinomineyitha engenabunzima kwaye enobunzima edwelisiweyo yeyabo baye bafumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ngxaki.

Izinketho zeThebula

Phakathi kwamadoda, ukufikelela kuvuthondaba ngokukhawuleza kwakuyeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo (13.2%). Ngaphezulu nje kwesithathu samadoda anale ngxaki (34.2%) aziva enxunguphele ngayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo phakathi kwamadoda akwiminyaka eli-16 ukuya kuma-21 ubudala (4.5%). Ubunzima bokufumana kunye nokugcina ukwakhiwa kwakungaxelwanga ngokuqhelekileyo (7.8%), kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubangelwa ukuxinezeleka (phakathi kwe-42.1%) kwaye ngoko ke yingxaki yesibini exhaphakileyo (nge-3.3% yamadoda kwiqela leminyaka). Nangona ukungabikho komdla kwisini kwakuyingxaki yesibini echazwe ngokuqhelekileyo (efunyenwe yi-10.5%), kuphela i-13.2% yamadoda anika ingxelo ngale ngxaki, kwaye ngokubanzi, i-1.4% ifumene njengengxaki ephazamisayo. Iingxaki ezintathu eziphazamisayo zichazwe ngu-<1% yamadoda amancinci abelana ngesondo: intlungu, ukungabi namdla / ukuvuswa, kunye nokungabikho kolonwabo.

Itheyibhile 2 ibonisa umyinge wabasetyhini abancinci ababelana ngesondo abaxela ingxaki nganye yezesondo, kwaye kwabo banengxaki, ubungakanani bokukhathazeka ngayo. Ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha (i-44.4%) yaba bafazi bafumana ingxaki enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezesondo ezithatha iinyanga ze-3 okanye ngaphezulu kunyaka odlulileyo, kwaye i-13.4% ibike ingxaki ephazamisayo; okuthetha ukuba kwabo banika ingxelo yengxaki enye okanye ngaphezulu, ngaphantsi nje kwesithathu (30.2%) bebenxunguphele.

Itheyibhile 2.

Amava eengxaki zomsebenzi wesondo, kunye noxinzelelo malunga nezi ngxaki, phakathi kwabasetyhini abancinci ababelana ngesondo, abaneminyaka eyi-16-21 iminyaka.

CI = ixesha lokuzithemba.

a

I-Denominator iyahluka kwingxaki nganye yomsebenzi wesondo kule kholamu. Idinomineyitha engenabunzima kwaye enobunzima edwelisiweyo yeyabo baye bafumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ngxaki.

Izinketho zeThebula

Ezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo phakathi kwabasetyhini bebengenamdla kwisini (22.0%) kwaye bafumana ubunzima bokufikelela kuvuthondaba (21.3%), kwaye ezi nazo bezizezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo zoxinzelelo (5.3% kunye ne-6.3%, ngokulandelanayo). Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene noxinzelelo zaziziva zixhalabile ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo (34.7%), ukuva iintlungu zomzimba ngenxa yesondo (35.9%), kunye nokungabikho komdla okanye ukuvuswa (31.6%), kodwa ezi ngxaki zazingaxelwa kancinci, zibangele ukuba Uqikelelo oluxhaphakileyo lweengxaki ezinxunguphalisayo kwi-2.8%, 3.2%, kunye ne-2.5%, ngokulandelanayo. Ukufikelela kuvutho-ndaba ngokukhawuleza kuxhaphake ukuxelwa (3.9%) kwaye kwafumaniseka njengokunxunguphalisayo kuphela yi-10.8% yabasetyhini abayixelayo, nto leyo ebangele ukuxhaphaka koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-1%.

Kubantu abatsha abakhe babelana ngesondo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, i-6.3% yamadoda kunye ne-6.8% yabasetyhini bathi baye bakuphepha ukwabelana ngesondo ngenxa yobunzima bokwabelana ngesondo. Phakathi kwabafana (Umzobo 1), ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokuphepha kwakunzima ukufumana okanye ukugcina ukumiswa, ukufikelela kuvuthondaba ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokungabikho komdla (kuxelwe yi-26.1%, 24.4%, kunye ne-25.1%, ngokulandelanayo, kubo bonke abafana abancinci abathi baye bagwema. isondo). Phakathi kwabasetyhini abancinci (Umzobo 1), ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokuphepha zazingenamdla (okuxelwe yi-45.5% yabasetyhini abaye bagwema isondo), kulandelwa ukungonwabi, ukuxhalaba, kunye nentlungu (exelwe ngu-21.2%, 25.3% kunye ne-23.7% ngokulandelanayo); yabafazi ababeluphephe ukwabelana ngesondo).

Umzobo 1.

Izizathu zokuthintela ukwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwabantu abancinci ababelana ngesondo abaxele ukuba bayakuphepha ukwabelana ngesondo ngenxa yobunzima bokwabelana ngesondo.

Khetha imifanekiso

Uncedo okanye iingcebiso ezifuna phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba ababelana ngesondo

Ngokubanzi, i-26% (22.9-29.5) yamadoda abelana ngesondo kunye ne-36.3% (33.1-39.7) yabasetyhini ababelana ngesondo bafuna uncedo malunga nobomi babo bobulili kunyaka odlulileyo (umqolo wokugqibela, Iitheyibhile 1 kwaye 2). Umzobo 2 ibonisa imilinganiselo yokubonisana nemithombo eyahlukeneyo, ihlelwe ngamava engxaki yokusebenza ngokwesondo. Abo banika ingxelo ngengxaki enye okanye ngaphezulu badla ngokufuna uncedo xa kuthelekiswa nabo baxela kungabikho ngxaki (35.5% vs. 21% yamadoda; p <.001 kunye ne-42.3% vs. 31.1%; p = .001). Apho abantu abatsha baye balufuna khona uncedo, amalungu osapho kunye nabahlobo babengowona mthombo uxhaphakileyo ulandelwa ngamajelo eendaba/ukuzinceda. Uncedo lobuchwephesha belusoloko lufunwa. Phakathi kwabantu abancinci ababika ingxaki enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezesondo, i-3.6% (1.9-6.8) yamadoda kunye ne-7.9% (5.8-10.6) yabasetyhini baye babonisana neengcali malunga nobomi babo bokwabelana ngesondo kulo nyaka uphelileyo.

Umzobo 2.

Inani labantu abancinci abafuna uncedo okanye iingcebiso malunga nobomi babo bokwabelana ngesondo ngamava engxaki yokusebenza ngokwesondo kunye nesini. SF = umsebenzi wesondo.

Khetha imifanekiso

Uxinzelelo kunye nokuphepha phakathi kwabantu abatsha abangazange babelane ngesondo kunyaka ophelileyo

Lilonke, amadoda angama-262 kunye nabasetyhini be-255 babenamava ngokwesondo (wake waba namava okwabelana ngesondo) kodwa akazange axele ukuba neentlobano zesini kunyaka ongaphambi kodliwano-ndlebe (Itheyibhile 3). Ngaphezulu nje kwesinye kwisithandathu kula madoda (17.4%) kwaye malunga nesinye kwisibhozo saba basetyhini (12%) baxele ukuba bakhathazekile ngobomi babo bokwabelana ngesondo, kwaye malunga nesinye kwi-10 (10%) yamadoda nabasetyhini bathi baye baluphepha ukwabelana ngesondo. ngenxa yobunzima bokwabelana ngesondo abathi bona okanye amaqabane abo adibane nabo. Kwakungekho mahluko ngokwesini ekuchazeni uxinzelelo okanye ukuphepha.

Itheyibhile 3.

Umyinge wabantu abaneminyaka eyi-16 ukuya kwengama-21 ubudala abangasebenzi ngokwesondo, baxela uxinzelelo ngobomi besondo, ukwaneliseka kubomi besondo, kunye nokuphepha ukwabelana ngesondo.

CI = ixesha lokuzithemba.

Izinketho zeThebula

ingxoxo

Ezi datha zabameli besizwe zibonisa ukuba malunga nenye kwi-10 yamadoda aselula abelana ngesondo kunye nomnye wabasetyhini abasibhozo ababelana ngesondo babika ingxaki yesondo ephazamisayo ehlala kwiinyanga ze-3 okanye ngaphezulu kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo ekuxelwe ngayo kuwo onke amadoda asabelana ngesondo yayifikelela kuvutho-ndaba ngokukhawuleza (4.5%), kwaye phakathi kwabasetyhini abasebatsha, bekunzima ukufikelela kuvuthondaba (6.3%). Ngaphezu kwesithathu samadoda kunye nangaphezulu kwabane kwabasetyhini be-10 ababika ingxaki enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezesondo baye bafuna uncedo, kodwa kunqabile kwimithombo yobungcali. Phakathi kwabo babengazange babe neentlobano zesini kunyaka ongaphambi kodliwano-ndlebe, omnye kwabali-10 abafana namabhinqa aselula athi baye basiphepha isini ngenxa yobunzima besini.

Amandla olu phononongo kukuba lusekwe kwisampulu enokwenzeka esekwe kubemi kwaye ijongana nomsantsa obalulekileyo kubungqina obunamandla kwiingxaki zomsebenzi wesondo phakathi kwabancinci. Nangona ireyithi yempendulo yophando lulonke (57.7%) imele umthombo onokuthi ube nokuthambekela ecaleni, izinga lokuphendula phakathi kwe-16- ukuya kuma-44 leminyaka ubudala laliphezulu, kuma-64.8%. Ngaphambili siye saqaphela ukuhla kutsha nje kumazinga eempendulo zovavanyo, kunye neendlela ezingqongqo zokuzibala, kwaye sikwaqaphele ukuba amazinga ethu okuphendula ahambelana nolunye uphando lwentlalo e-United Kingdom. [25] kwaye [27]. Nangona kunjalo, ucalucalulo olucwangcisiweyo kwisivumelwano sokuthatha inxaxheba lunokwenzeka, kwaye sasebenzisa iiweights zovavanyo ukunciphisa olu cala (bona tindlela). Izinto ezingeengxaki zesondo zinovakalelo, kwaye idatha ezixeliweyo inokuba phantsi kokukhumbula utyekelo kwaye ithande ukuxelwa ngaphantsi. Siye sazama ukunciphisa ucalucalulo lokunika ingxelo ngokuchaza iingxaki zesini “njengobunzima obuqhelekileyo” [22], ngokuqikelela izinto kwangaphambili [28], nangokusebenzisa udliwano-ndlebe oluncedwa yikhompyutha [25].

Idatha yethu ibonisa iingxaki zomsebenzi wesondo aziqhelekanga kweli qela lobudala. Uqikelelo lwezahlulo zamadoda nabasetyhini abaneminyaka eyi-16 ukuya kwengama-21 ubudala ababika iingxaki zesini azikho ngaphantsi kunabo bonke abantu baseNatsal-3, i-41.6% yamadoda kunye ne-51.2% yabasetyhini. [22]. Izifundo ezininzi ezisekelwe kuluntu zibandakanyiwe kwaye zinike ingxelo kumaqela aselula [10], [11], [12] kwaye [29] nangona uthelekiso lulinganiselwe ngokwahluka kwindlela yophando kunye nokuhlelwa kwazo zombini iingxaki zesini kunye nobukhulu bazo. Uphononongo lwamva nje lwaseKhanada [13]Ngokomzekelo, i-50% yamadoda kunye nabasetyhini abaneminyaka eyi-16 ukuya kwi-21 ubudala babika ingxaki yesondo, apho isiqingatha sachaza imbandezelo ehambelanayo, nangona isampuli encinci, engaqhelekanga kunye nokungafani kwenkcazo kubonisa isidingo sokulumkisa. ekutolikweni. Phakathi kwamadoda amancinci, uqikelelo lwethu lokuxhaphaka kobunzima be-erectile (7.8%) luphakathi phakathi kwe-4.3% efunyenwe kwisifundo sase-Australia se-sexual 16- ukuya kwi-19 ubudala. [10] kunye ne-11% phakathi kwabaneminyaka eyi-16 ukuya kwengama-24 ubudala kuphononongo olwenziwe ePortugal [12]. Uqikelelo lwethu lwe-13.2% ye-ejaculation yokuqala iphantsi kancinci kune-Australian study (15.3%) kwaye iphantsi kakhulu kuphononongo lwesiPutukezi (40%). Phakathi kwabasetyhini abancinci, ukuxhaphaka kwethu uqikelelo lokunqongophala komdla (22%) kunye nobunzima bokufikelela kwi-orgasm (21.3%) iphantsi kancinci kunezo ziphononongo lwase-Australia (36.7% kunye ne-29%, ngokulandelanayo) kwaye zithelekiseka namazinga malunga ne-20% kunye ne-27% kuphononongo lwaseSweden lwabasetyhini abaneminyaka eyi-18-24 iminyaka [11].

Kuye kwacetyiswa ukuba umlinganiselo weengxaki kubantu abaselula zivela "kwisiphumo sokuziqhelanisa" kwaye ziphela ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko ulutsha luzuza ukuzithemba namava. Ukuxhasa oku, u-O'Sullivan et al. [13] yafumanisa ukuba kumadoda amancinci, ixesha elide lamava esondo lidibene nokusebenza okungcono kwe-erectile kunye nokwaneliseka okukhulu ngokulalana. Kwelinye icala, inani labantu abadala abaneengxaki zezesondo baxela iimpawu zobomi bonke, ngamanye amazwi, iimpawu ezivele ngexesha okanye ngaphambi kwexesha lokuqala kwezesondo kwaye azizange ziphele. [8] kwaye [30]. Inani lezinto ezinegalelo kubunzima bokwabelana ngesondo zidla ngokubunjwa ebuntwaneni nasekufikiseni. Oku kuquka ukungoneli kwemfundo yesini, ubunzima ekuthetheni ngesondo, ukuxhalaba ngomzimba okanye isini, ukubhideka okanye iintloni malunga nesini okanye iminqweno kabani. [31]. Ubunzima bokwabelana ngesondo bunokubonakalisa umzabalazo wokufumana ulwabelana ngesondo olufanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwemida yemimiselo yentlalo yesini, umzekelo, ukwamkelwa ukuba abafazi kufuneka balindele kwaye banyamezele intlungu. [5]. Umgangatho ophindwe kabini ngokwesondo apho abafazi bajongwa kwaye amadoda avuzwe ngomnqweno wabo wesondo ubonakala exhathisa ngokukodwa kwinguqu yenkcubeko [32], nangona uphando lwakutsha nje lucebisa ukwahluka kwindlela abantu abatsha abathatha ngayo ezi scripts zenkcubeko kubudlelwane babo. [33].

Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25 ukususela kwisincoko sikaFine noMcClelland [34] kwintetho engekhoyo yomnqweno kwimfundo yezesondo, abantu abatsha bayaqhubeka nokubona umsantsa kulwazi lwabo olunxulumene nemiba yengqondo yezesondo kwaye bahlala bexela ukuziva bengakulungelanga ukulawula ukwabelana ngesondo. Idatha ye-Natsal-3 ibonisa ukuba i-42% yamadoda kunye ne-47% yabasetyhini banqwenela ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nezihloko zengqondo ngexesha beziva bekulungele ukwabelana ngesondo, kubandakanywa phantse i-20% yamadoda kunye ne-15% yabasetyhini ababenqwenela ukwazi. indlela yokwenza isondo sanelise ngakumbi [35]. Ngokufanayo, kuphononongo oluxubeneyo oluvela eNew Zealand, abafundi abaneminyaka eli-16 ukuya kweli-19 babeka “indlela yokwenza ukuba iintlobano zesini zonwabe ngakumbi kumaqabane omabini” kunye “neemvakalelo kubudlelwane” phakathi kwemixholo emihlanu ephezulu abanqwenela ukuyazi ngakumbi ngayo kwisini sasesikolweni. imfundo [24]. Ngoxa ulutsha lusithi lufuna ukuthetha ngolonwabo, ezinye iindlela ezingenakuthanani neentlobano zesini, nolwalamano lwamandla kulwalamano lwezesondo, imfundo yesini yasesikolweni idla ngokuyityeshela le mibandela, umxholo endaweni yoko ubonisa iinkxalabo zabantu abadala abasegunyeni. [36].

Iminxeba yokubandakanywa kolonwabo kwimfundo yesondo ayintshanga [37]. Ukuthula kwintlalontle yezesondo evela kwimithombo yokufundisa kuzaliswa yeminye imithombo efana nabahlobo kunye namajelo eendaba; yaye, ngokutsho kweNatsal-3, phantse ikota yabafana icaphula imifanekiso engamanyala njengomnye wemithombo yabo yolwazi ngesini. [35]. Nangona abanye abasebenzisi bebona impembelelo entle kubomi babo bokwabelana ngesondo [38], imifanekiso engamanyala inokukhokelela kulindelo olungekho ngqiqweni nolwenzakalisayo lwesini phakathi kwabafana [39], ezinokunyusa iingxaki zomsebenzi wesondo. Imfundo yezokwabelana ngesondo inokwenza lukhulu ekupheliseni iintsomi, ukuxoxa ngolonwabo, ukukhuthaza ubudlelwane obulinganayo ngokwesini, nokugxininisa indima ephambili yonxibelelwano nentlonipho phakathi kobudlelwane ukulwa iingxaki zesini.

Umlinganiselo ophantsi wabantu abaselula abaneengxaki ezibandezelayo abafuna uncedo okanye icebiso mhlawumbi awumangalisi. Ukufuna uncedo aluqhelekanga, naphakathi kwabantu abadala abaneengxaki zesini [40]. Ukufundiswa ngesini kunokwenza lukhulu ekucombululeni iingxaki, (1) ngokuhlangabezana nezikhewu kulwazi; (2) ngokuqinisekisa abantu abaselula ukuba iingxaki zixhaphakile yaye zisemthethweni; kunye (3) ngokomeleza amakhonkco eenkonzo ezilungele ulutsha. Ababoneleli, nabo, kufuneka baqonde ukuba abantu abatsha abahambela ezinye iimfuno zempilo yezesondo (ezifana nocwangciso-ntsapho kunye novavanyo lwe-STI) banokuzabalaza neenkxalabo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi wabo wesondo. Ngenxa yokuxhaphaka kwezi nkxalabo, kunokufaneleka ukuba ababoneleli baqalise ingxoxo ngokubuza malunga nomsebenzi wesondo ngaphakathi kwembali yesigulane esiqhelekileyo, kwaye izifundo ezizayo zingavavanya uncedo lwale ndlela.

Ngaphandle kwedatha ethembekileyo malunga nomsebenzi wesondo kunye nentlalontle yabantu abatsha, ibiza ingqalelo kulo mbandela wempilo yabo yesondo inokuba yinto eqikelelwayo kuphela. Kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yophando olugxile kulutsha oluphonononga ububanzi beengxaki, imvelaphi yazo kunye neziphumo. Ngokukodwa, kukho imfuneko yezixhobo zokulinganisa ezisebenzayo ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa imiba yabantu abatsha.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuba sinqwenela ukuphucula impilo-ntle ngokwesondo kubemi, kufuneka sifikelele abantu kunye nezibini njengoko beqala imisebenzi yabo yezesondo, ukuthintela ukunqongophala kolwazi, ukuxhalaba, kunye neentloni ezijika zibe bubunzima bezesondo bobomi. Idatha yethu ibonelela ngamandla anamandla okusebenza ngokuthatha eli nyathelo lokuthintela.

Imibulelo

I-Natsal-3 yintsebenziswano phakathi kweYunivesithi yaseLondon (eLondon, e-UK), iSikole saseLondon se-Hygiene kunye neTropical Medicine (eLondon, e-UK), i-NatCen yoPhando lweNtlalo, iMpilo yoLuntu yaseNgilani (eyayiyi-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwezeMpilo), kunye neYunivesithi yaseManchester. (eManchester, eUnited Kingdom). Abaxhasi ngezimali babengenandima ekuyilweni nasekuqhutyweni kolu phando; ukuqokelelwa, ulawulo, ucazululo, nokutolikwa kwedatha; kunye nokulungiswa, ukuphonononga, okanye ukuvunywa kwenqaku; kunye nesigqibo sokungenisa inqaku ukuze lipapashwe. Ababhali babulela abathathi-nxaxheba bophando, iqela labadliwano-ndlebe abavela kuPhando lweNtlalo ye-NatCen, imisebenzi, kunye nabasebenzi bekhompuyutha abavela kwi-NatCen Social Research.

Imithombo Yenkxaso

Uphononongo luxhaswe ngenkxaso-mali evela kwiBhunga loPhando lwezoNyango (G0701757) kunye neTrasti yeWellcome (084840), ngeminikelo evela kwiBhunga loPhando lwezoQoqosho neNtlalo kunye neSebe lezeMpilo. Ukususela ngoSeptemba 2015, i-KRM ingundoqo ixhaswa yi-UK Medical Research Council (MRC); I-MRC/CSO yeNtlalo kunye neCandelo leSayensi yezeMpilo yoLuntu, kwiYunivesithi yaseGlasgow (MC_UU_12017-11).

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Iimbambano zenzalo: U-AMJ yiRhuluneli ye-Wellcome Trust. Bonke abanye ababhali bavakalisa ukuba abanazo iingxabano zomdla.

Idilesi yembalelwano: Kirstin R. Mitchell, Ph.D., MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow, Scotland G2 3QB, United Kingdom.

© 2016 Umbutho weMpilo yoLutsha kunye namayeza. Ipapashwe ngu Elsevier Inc.

Qaphela kubasebenzisi:
Ubungqina obuchanekileyo ngamaNqaku kwiPhepha eliqulathe izilungiso zababhali. Iinkcukacha zokugqibela zokubhala, umzekelo, ivolumu kunye / okanye inombolo yokukhutshwa, unyaka wokupapashwa kunye neenombolo zamaphepha, kusafuneka zongezwe kwaye isicatshulwa sinokutshintsha ngaphambi kokupapashwa kokugqibela.

Nangona ubungqina obulungisiweyo bungenazo zonke iinkcukacha zebhayibhile ezikhoyo, zinokukhankanywa kusetyenziswa unyaka wokupapashwa kwi-Intanethi kunye ne-DOI, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umbhali (ababhali), isihloko senqaku, uPapasho (unyaka), i-DOI. Nceda uqhagamshelane nesitayile sombhalo sokubonisa ukuba ezi zinto zivela njani, isifinyezo samagama ejenali kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi.

Xa iqela lokugqibela linikezelwe imiqulu / imiba yoPapasho, i-Article kwi-Press version iya kususwa kwaye inguqu yokugqibela iya kubonakala kwiimpapasho ezipapashweyo / imiba yokupapashwa. Umhla owenziwe kuqala kwinqaku efumaneka kwi-intanethi uya kuqhutywa.