By UPaula Baker Umvelisi weendaba kwi-Intanethi
Nangona izifundo zazingamarhonya ukungcakaza ngenxa yokutya okuneswekile, isifundo esitsha esenziwa ngoososayensi kwiYunivesithi yaseBritish Columbia sibonisa ukongeza izibane ezivuthayo kunye nomculo ongasemva ukhuthaza ukuthatha izigqibo.
Ipapashwe kwiJenali ye-Neuroscience, abaphandi be-UBC babezama ukuqonda uhlobo lokuziphatha okuluthayo nokuba yintoni malunga nokungcakaza okukhokelela kwimfuno enyanzelekileyo yokungcakaza kwabanye abantu, efana kakhulu neziyobisi.
Kwisifundo sabo, bafumanisa ukuba iigundane ziziphatha njengengxaki yokungcakaza xa zombini izandi kunye nokukhanya zongezwa kwimeko yabo yokungcakaza okanye kwimodeli ye "rat casino". Uphando oluqhubekayo lufumene ukuba izazinzulu zikwazile ukuguqula isimilo ngokuthintela i-dopamine receptor ethile. Sisiphumo esinokuthi sibeke isiseko kunyango lweziyobisi zokungcakaza ebantwini.
Engqondweni, i-dopamine isebenza njenge-neurotransmitter, kwaye iyikhemikhali ekhutshwa yi-neurons okanye iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezithumela imiqondiso kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Ingqondo ibandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zedopamine, enye yazo edlala indima ephambili kwindlela yokuziphatha ekhuthazwayo.
"Kubonakala ngathi, ngelo xesha, yinto enobudenge ukuyenza, kuba kwakubonakala ngathi ukungongeza izibane kunye nesandi kunokuba negalelo elikhulu. Kodwa xa sasiqhuba isifundo, iziphumo zazinkulu, utshilo uCatharine Winstanley, unjingalwazi onxibelelanisa ne-Psychology kunye ne-Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health.
Nabani na owake wayila umdlalo wekhasino okanye owadlala umdlalo wokungcakaza uyakukuxelela ukuba izandi ezivakalayo nezikhanyayo zikugcina uzibophelela ngakumbi, kodwa ngoku singayibonisa ngokwesayensi. ”
"I-kasino yekhasino" yabo isebenzisa iswekile njengemali kwaye ngelixa iigundane zihlala zifunda indlela yokuphepha ukhetho olunobungozi kulingo, konke oku kwatshintsha xa oososayensi bezisa umculo, izibane ezidanyazayo kunye neetoni. Ngelixa oososayensi bengothuswanga licebo elisebenza kwiigundane, bothuswa yindlela esebenza ngayo.
Inqanaba elilandelayo kulingo likwabonelele ngokukhanyisela. Xa abaphandi benika iigundane ichiza elithintele isenzo se-dopamine receptor enxibelelene nokulutha, iigundane azisasebenzi njengengxaki yokungcakaza. Kwaye iibhloko ze-dopamine zazinefuthe elincinci kumagundane angcakaza ngaphandle kwezibane ezikhanyayo kunye neefayile zomculo.
UWinstanley uthe akacingi ukuba “kuyingozi ukuba iindawo zokungcakaza zizaliswe kukukhanya nengxolo,” kodwa ukholelwa ukuba uphando lwabo lubonakalise izithembiso ezininzi ekunyangeni ukugembula.
“Sicinga ukuba senze imodeli engcono yokuziphatha ehambelana nokulutha ukungcakaza kwaye sinethemba lokufunda ukuba yintoni eyenza ukuba izilwanyana zikhethe ezi ndlela zinobungozi siza kunika ulwazi olutsha ngeendlela zonyango ezinokubangela iingxaki zokungcakaza,” utshilo.
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I-VANCOUVER, iBritish Columbia, uJan 20 (UPI) -Izibane ezibengezelayo kunye nomculo zikhuthaza iigundane ukuba zenze izigqibo ezinobungozi "kwikhasino ye-rat" ngeendlela ezifanayo nefuthe labo ebantwini, abathi izazinzulu zinokunika inkcazo malunga nokungcakaza.
Oososayensi kwiYunivesithi yaseBritish Columbia bafumanisa ukuba iigundane zisengozini yokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuyingozi, okufana nokungcakaza ngezibane ezikhanyayo kunye nezandi ezivakalayo- kwaye babengenamathuba okuba xa i-dopamine receptor ethile ivaliwe kwingqondo yabo.
I-dopamine D3 receptor sele ikrokrelwa ukuba ibalulekile kwikhobisi leziyobisi, kuthetha ukuba isifundo esitsha siyabaxhasa ithiyori yokuba iziyobisi zinobangela oqhelekileyo wokuzalwa.
"Nabani na owakha umdlalo wekhasino okanye odlala umdlalo wokungcakaza uyakukuxelela ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo izandi kunye nokukhanya kukugcina uzibandakanya ngakumbi, kodwa ngoku singakubonisa ngokwenzululwazi," utshilo uGqirha Catharine Winstanley, unjingalwazi onxulumene naye kwiSebe Psychology kwiYunivesithi yaseBritish Columbia, kwi upapasho ndaba zekhampani. Ndisoloko ndivakalelwa kukuba oososayensi balandela emva kweekhasino. Andiqondi ukuba yinto eyenzekileyo ukuba amakhasino azaliswe zizibane nengxolo. ”
Esi sifundo, epapashwe kwijenali iNeuroscience, abaphandi baqeqesha iigundane ukuba badlale imidlalo efana nemidlalo yokungcakaza. Iigundane emva koko kuye kwafuneka zikhethe phakathi kokufumana umvuzo wesine kunye nezohlwayo zokungcakaza kwaye zavavanywa impendulo yazo nangaphandle kwezibane kunye nesandi esikhulu.
Ngelixa izazinzulu zixela ukuba iigundane ngokubanzi zifunda ukunqanda isimilo esiyingozi esikhokelela kwisohlwayo, ukukhanya kunye nesandi kubangele ukuba baqhubeke nokuthatha umngcipheko omkhulu. Xa izazinzulu zazilawula ichiza elalivale i-dopamine D3 receptor, ukuthatha izigqibo ezinobungozi kwiigundane kunciphile.
"Le receptor yobuchopho ikwabaluleke kakhulu kwikhoboka leziyobisi, ngenxa yoko iziphumo zethu zinceda ukuxhasa umbono wokuba indlela yokuziphatha eyingozi kuzo zonke iindlela ezimbi inokuba nesizathu esiqhelekileyo sezinto eziphilayo," utshilo uMichael Barrus, ugqirha wobugqirha kwiYunivesithi yaseBritish Columbia.
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