Izimvo: Isifundo sokuqala ukubonisa ulungelelwaniso ngqo phakathi kokuncitshiswa kwecala le-cortex grey (ukucaphuka) kunye nokusilela komvuzo (ukuzithoba)
Umba wempunga kwiziko lokulawula ubuchopho elidityaniswe namandla okwenza inkqubo yomvuzo
NgoNovemba 29th, 2011 kwi-Neuroscience
Umbono ongwevu ngakumbi onawo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo, kwinxalenye yokucinga ngengqondo, kokukhona unokukwazi ukuvavanya imbuyekezo kunye neziphumo. Oko kunokubonakala ngathi sisiphelo esicacileyo, kodwa isifundo esitsha esenziwe kwiLebhu yeSizwe yaMandla yase-Brookhaven yeLebhu yeyokuqala ukubonisa olu nxibelelwano phakathi kolwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwabantu abasempilweni- kunye nokonakala kwesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwabantu abakhoboka becocaine. . Isifundo sivela kwiJenali yeCognitive Neuroscience.
"Olu phando lubhala okokuqala ukubaluleka kokufumana umvuzo kwinto engwevu ingqibelelo yolwakhiwo kwiindawo zecortex yangaphambili yobuchopho ebandakanyeka kwimisebenzi ephezulu yolawulo, kubandakanya ukuzilawula nokwenza izigqibo, utshilo uMuhammad Parvaz, Umntu ogqirha ugqirha kwiLebhu yeBrookhaven kunye nombhali okhokelayo kwiphepha.
"Izifundo zangaphambili ezenziwa eBrookhaven nakwezinye iindawo ziye zavavanya ukuthembeka kolwakhiwo lwecortex yangaphambili kwikhoboka leziyobisi nakwizinto ezisebenzayo ekuqhubeni umvuzo, kodwa ezi zifundo zaqhutywa ngokwahlukeneyo," utshilo uParvaz. "Besifuna ukwazi ukuba ngaba umsebenzi othile wokulungiswa kwembuyekezo 'unokufakwa' kwimephu yengqondo engalunganga- nokuba ziyanxibelelana njani ezi zinto zimbini," wongeze watsho.
Umahluko kumthamo wezinto ezingwevu-isixa semicimbi yobuchopho eyenziwe ngamalungu emithambo-luvo, ngokuchasene ne-axon "emhlophe" eyakha unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli-ziye zabonwa kuluhlu lwezifo ze-neuropsychiatric xa kuthelekiswa namazwe asempilweni, kuchaziwe UAnna Konova, omnye umbhali okhokelayo kwiphepha. "Besifuna ukwazi okungakumbi malunga nala mahluko athetha ukusebenza kubantu abaphilileyo nakwabantu abakhoboka leziyobisi," utshilo.
Ukuphonononga obu budlelwane bomsebenzi wolwakhiwo, izazinzulu zenze i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yokujonga ubungakanani bomthamo wobuchopho kubantu be-17 abasempilweni kunye nabasebenzisi be-22 yecocaine. Izikena ziqokelela imilinganiselo yolwakhiwo kuyo yonke ingqondo, kwaye ingahlalutywa nge-voxel-by-voxel-elingana neepikseli ezinamacala amathathu-ukufumana imilinganiselo eneenkcukacha kwimimandla yobuchopho nganye.
Ngethuba elifutshane lokuvavanywa kweMRI, oososayensi basebenzise ii-electrode ezibekwe kwizifundo zophando ukulinganisa umqondiso wombane othile owaziwa ngokuba yi-P300 (into enxulumene nomsitho enokubakho evela kwi-electroencephalogram eqhubekayo, okanye i-EEG, lelo lixesha- itshixelwe kumnyhadala othile). Eli nyathelo lithile linokukhomba imisebenzi yobuchopho enxulumene nokulungiswa komvuzo. Ngexesha lokurekhodwa kombane, izifundo zenze umsebenzi ophelelwe lixesha ngokwasengqondweni (ngokucofa amaqhosha ngokwemithetho ethile) ngethemba lokufumana amanqanaba ngamanqanaba emivuzo yemali, kungabikho mali ukuya kuthi ga kwiisenti ezingama-45 kwimpendulo nganye echanekileyo kunye nomvuzo opheleleyo yeedola ezingama-50.
Izifundo zangaphambili ezenziwe liqela lophando zibonise ukuba, kwizifundo ezisempilweni, umqondiso weP300 unyusa ubungakanani ngenani lemali ebonelelweyo. Abantu abatshayelwe yi-cocoaine, nangona kunjalo, ababonisi mpendulo yantlukwano kumlinganiso weP300 womsebenzi wobuchopho, nangona bona, njengezifundo ezinempilo, bawulinganisa lo msebenzi njengowonwabisayo kwaye uchulumancisayo xa umvuzo onokubakho mkhulu.
Uphononongo lwangoku lwandisile ezi ziphumo ngokubadibanisa okokuqala kunye nemilinganiselo yolwakhiwo.
Oososayensi basebenzise iindlela zamanani ukukhangela unxibelelwano phakathi komehluko kwimisebenzi yobuchopho ebonwe kwimivuzo ephezulu kunye neemeko zokungafumani mvuzo- ingakanani impendulo ye-P300 yengqondo etshintshe ngomvuzo owandayo- kunye nevolumu yomba ongwevu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho njenge ilinganiswe nge-voxel-by-voxel kwisikali seMRI.
Kwizifundo ezisempilweni, ubukhulu botshintsho kwisibonakaliso seP300 ngomvuzo owandayo lwaluhambelana kakhulu kunye nomthamo wemicimbi engwevu kwimimandla emithathu ye-cortex yangaphambili.
"Ukuphakama komthamo wezinto ezingwevu kuloo mimandla, ngakumbi ukusebenza kwengqondo kuye kwanda kowona mvuzo uphezulu wemali xa kuthelekiswa nemeko yokunganikwa mvuzo," utshilo uKonova.
Abantu ababelikhoboka lecocaine babewunciphisile umthamo wezinto ezingwevu kule mimandla xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo ezisempilweni, kwaye akukho mahluko ubonakalayo phakathi kwemeko yomvuzo kwinqanaba le-P300 lomsebenzi wobuchopho. Kwakungekho nxibelelaniso lubalulekileyo phakathi kolwakhiwo lwangaphambili nolokugqibela kunye nemilinganiselo yokusebenza-kwizifundo ezinomlutha wecocaine.
"Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukulungiswa komvuzo okungalunganga kunganxulunyaniswa nokusilela kubume bengqondo, ngakumbi kwimimandla ephambili yecortical echaphazelekayo kulungelelwaniso oluphezulu lokuqonda kunye nokusebenza kweemvakalelo," utshilo uParvaz. "Olu pho nonongo luqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo afunyenwe yi-MRI njengokubonisa ukungaphumeleli kokusebenza."
Iziphumo zibalulekile ekuqondeni ilahleko enokubakho yolawulo kunye nokuthatha izigqibo ezingalunganga ezinokuthi zenzeke kubantu abaphethwe ngamakhoboka eziyobisi, uKonova ucacisile: Ngokukodwa, ukukhubazeka kokuthelekisa imivuzo, kunye nokunciphisa into engwevu kwi-cortex yangaphambili, kunokufikelela kwisakhono sokufumana ulonwabo kunye nokulawula isimilo, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezinobungozi obukhulu- umzekelo, xa unqwenela okanye uphantsi koxinzelelo-ekhokelela abantu ukusebenzisa iziyobisi nangona kukho imiphumo eyintlekele. ”
Ababhali bayavuma ukuba kusekho imibuzo malunga nokuba ngaba olutshintsho ekwakhiweni kobuchopho kunye nomsebenzi zinobangela okanye ziziphumo zokulutha. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokucinga ezizezona zininzi, njengoko kubonakalisiwe kolu phando, kunokuvula iindlela ezintsha zokuphendula le neminye imibuzo efanelekileyo yokuqonda izizathu zentshukumisa yomntu kumacala ezempilo nezifo, ngokubhekisele kunyango lweziyobisi.
Ulwazi oluthe kratya: Ukudityaniswa koLungelelwaniso lweCustomex Cortex Modulates Sensitivity ye-Electrocortical to Reward: http: //www.mitpres. jocn_a_00166
Ibonelelwe yi-Brookhaven National Laborator
Into engwevu kwiziko lolawulo lobuchopho elinxulunyaniswe namandla okwenza inkqubo. ” Ngomhla wama-29 ku-Novemba ngo-2011. Http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-11-gray-brain-center-linked-ability.html
;