Ngamana 31, 2016
Umbono wengqondo yegundane; i-ventral pallidum, apho abaphandi babonisa khona ukuba ukungaziphathi kakuhle kunokucinezelwa, kukwindawo enamacala abomvu anxantathu ukuya emazantsi. Ityala: Jocelyn Richard / JHU
Amagundwane aphendule kwiintambo zeswekile ngesantya kunye nochulumanco lwabantu abatyebe ngokungakhathaliyo ayengashukunyelwanga ekunyangeni xa kukho ii-neurons ezithile ezazicinezelwe, abaphandi bafumanisa.
Iziphumo zifumanisa ukuba ezi neurons, zikwindawo engaphazamiseki kwengqondo, zidibene ngokunzulu notyekelo lokuzinkcinkca kakhulu ukuphendula izigebenga zangaphandle, ingxaki abajamelana nayo abantu abathengisa ukutya, utywala neziyobisi. Iziphumo, ngenxa yokuvela kwimagazini kaJuni 15 yejenali Neuron, ngoku ziyafumaneka kwi-intanethi.
UJocelyn M. Richard, waseYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins emva kokugqirha kwi-psychology kunye nengqondo, "nantoni na evela kwimpuphu ekhangeleka njenge-cocaine okanye i-jingle ye-ice cream truck-ingabangela ukuba uphinde ubuye okanye udle." inzululwazi kunye nombhali okhokelayo wengxelo. "Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba apha ebuchotsheni olu nxibelelwano lukhona phakathi kwezinto ezishukumisayo kunye nokufuna ukutya okanye iziyobisi."
Ekuqaleni baphandi qeqeshwa i ikota ukuze baqonde ukuba, ukuba bathe beva isandi esithile, nokuba sisilo okanye isililo, nokuba umntu urhwebe umntu ovuzayo, baya kusela iswekile amanzi. Ke, njengoko iigundane zazisenza lo msebenzi, abaphandi babeke esweni ii-neurons ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-ventral pallidum yengqondo yeempuku, ulwakhiwo olungaphantsi kwesiseko sobuchopho.
Neurons ziphendula intambo yeswekile ngexesha lokuvavanywa. Ikhredithi: UJocelyn Richard / JHU
Xa iikati zayiva le ntsimbi inxulumene nonyango lwayo, inani elikhulu kakhulu kunokuba lalilindelwe lee-neurons lasabela-kwaye ngamandla, abaphandi bafumanisa. Bafumanise ukuba xa impendulo ye-neuron yayilukhuni ngakumbi, iigundane zikhawuleza ukuya iswekile. Abaphandi bakwazile ukuqikelela ukuba ngokukhawuleza iigundane ziya kuhamba njani iswekile ngokujonga indlela abavuya ngayo ii-neurons xa kuvakala intsholo.
"Samangaliswa kukubona inani eliphakamileyo kangaka le-neurons libonisa ukwanda okukhulu kwemisebenzi ngokukhawuleza xa kudlala isandi," utshilo uRichard.
Emva koko, abaphandi basebenzise "i-optogenetics," indlela evumela ukwenziwa kweeseli ngemitha yokukhanya ekujoliswe kuyo, ukucinezela okwethutyana umsebenzi wee-ventral pallidum neurons ngelixa iigundane zivile iswekile. Kunye nezo neurons ukungasebenzi, iigundane zazingaphantsi kokutsala i-lever yeshukela; xa beyitsale, bacotha kancinane ukuba benjenjalo.
Olo lwazi lokucothisa kunye nokuzolisa indlela ekuphendula ngayo ii-cue okanye ii-binges ezinokubangela ukuba ibe yeyona nto iphambili ebantwini bazama iindlela zokuziphatha eziphakathi, utshilo uRichard.
"Asifuni ukuyenza ukuze abantu bangafuni mivuzo," utshilo uRichard. “Sifuna ukuthoba isikhuthazo esisibaxiweyo sokufumana umvuzo.
Hlola kwakhona: Ukufundisisa indlela yokuziphatha usebenzisa ukukhanya ukulawula ii-neurons
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe: UJocelyn M. Richard et al, Ventral Pallidum Neurons Encode Incentive Value kunye nePromote Cue-Elicited Instrumental Actions, Neuron (2016). INGXELO: 10.1016 / j.neuron.2016.04.037
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